2. Business Description and Significant Accounting Policies | 2. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Aoxing Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. (the Company or Aoxing Pharma) is a specialty pharmaceutical company specializing in research, development, manufacturing and distribution of a variety of narcotic, pain-management, and addiction treatment pharmaceutical products. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had one operating subsidiary: Hebei Aoxing Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. (Hebei or Hebei Aoxing), which is organized under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). The Company owns 95% of the issued and outstanding common stock of Hebei. Since 2002, Hebei has been engaged in developing narcotic, pain management, and addiction treatment pharmaceutical products, building its facilities and obtaining the requisite licenses from the Chinese Government. Headquartered in Shijiazhuang City, the pharmaceutical capital of China, outside of Beijing, Hebei now has China's largest and the most advanced manufacturing facility for highly regulated narcotic medicines, addressing a very under-served and fast-growing market in China. Its facility is one of the few GMP facilities licensed for manufacturing narcotics medicines. The Company is working closely with the Chinese government and SFDA to assure the strictly regulated availability to medical professionals throughout China of its narcotic drugs and pain medicines. In April, 2008, Hebei completed the acquisition of 100% of the registered capital of Lerentang (LRT). LRT was engaged in the manufacture and distribution of Chinese traditional medicines focusing on pain management related therapeutics within China. By 2011 the manufacturing operations of LRT had been completely integrated into Hebei. Currently over 80% of the Companys revenues derive from one herbal extraction, obtained from the acquisition of LRT, which is used to alleviate oral/dental and bone pain. Investment in Joint Venture (JV) On April 26, 2010, Aoxing Pharma and Johnson Matthey Plc (JM) entered into an agreement to establish a joint venture focused on research, development, manufacturing and marketing of active pharmaceutical ingredients for narcotics and neurological drugs for the China market. The joint venture represents a significant new opportunity for both companies to expand their business in the rapidly growing pharmaceutical market in China. Under the terms of the agreement, Macfarlan Smith Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson Matthey Plc, headquartered in the United Kingdom, will contribute technology expertise and capital to the joint venture. Hebei will contribute capital, fixed assets and related active pharmaceutical ingredients manufacturing licenses. The joint venture company is called Hebei Aoxing API Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. (API). Hebei Aoxing has a 51% stake in API, while Macfarlan Smith (Hong Kong) Ltd (a wholly owned subsidiary of JM) holds 49%. Each company has equal representation on the board of directors that will oversee a management team responsible for corporate strategies and operations. The new joint venture is located on the Hebei campus in Xinle City, 200 kilometers southwest of Beijing. The Company accounts for its investment in the Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the recoverability of the carrying amount and estimated useful lives of long-lived assets, allowance for accounts receivable, realizable values for inventories, fair value of purchase option derivative liability and warranty liability, valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, purchase price allocation of its acquisitions and share-based compensation expenses. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however, actual results when ultimately realized could differ significantly from those estimates. Impairment of long lived assets In accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 360-10-5, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, all long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment, land use rights and intangible assets held and used by the Company are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. For assets that are to be held and used, impairment is recognized when the estimated undiscounted cash flows associated with the asset or company of assets is less than their carrying value. If impairment exists, an adjustment is made to write the asset down to its fair value, and a loss is recorded as the difference between the carrying value and fair value. Fair values are determined based on quoted market values, discounted cash flows or internal and external appraisals, as applicable. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of carrying value or estimated net realizable value. Fair value of financial instruments The Company has adopted ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. It does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. It establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy of valuation techniques based on observable and unobservable inputs, which may be used to measure fair value and include the following: Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses are reasonable estimates of their fair value because of the short term nature of these items and classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2015, the Company does not have any assets or liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis at fair value. The Companys short-term borrowings, loans payable, related party notes payable and unrelated party notes payable are considered Level 2 financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2015. The carrying amount of the common stock warrants is recorded at fair value and is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the Company's stock price at the measurement date, exercise price of the warrant, risk-free rate and historical volatility, and is classified as a Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Recent accounting pronouncements In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which defers the effective date of ASU 2014-09 for all entities by one year. Public business entities, certain not-for-profit entities, and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in ASU 2014-09 to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Earlier application is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. Currently, the Company is evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2015-14 on its consolidated financial statements and has not yet determined the method by which it will adopt the standard in year 2018. In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, Inventory: Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory, that requires inventory not measured using either the last in, first out (LIFO) or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable cost of completion, disposal and transportation. The new standard will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, "Interest -Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." ASU 2015-03 requires that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, instead of being presented as an asset. ASU 2015-03 is effective for the Company on January 1, 2016. Once adopted, entities are required to apply the new guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented. The retrospective application represents a change in accounting principle. Early adoption is permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU 2015-03 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures |