Although domiciled in Ireland, we report our results in U.S. dollars. As a consequence, the results of our non-United States based operations, when translated into U.S. dollars, could be materially affected by fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the currency of those operations.
In addition to translation exposures, we are also subject to transaction exposures because the currency in which contracts are priced can be different from the currencies in which costs relating to those contracts are incurred. We have 14 operations operating in U.S. dollars, 6 in Euros, 3 in pounds Sterling, and 1 each in Australian dollars, Singapore dollars, Yen, Israeli New Shekels, Latvian Lats, Swedish Krona, Argentine Peso, South African Rand, Indian Rupee, Russian Rouble, Canadian dollar, Hungarian Forint, Polish Zloty, Lithuanian Litas, Hong Kong dollar, Taiwan dollar, Mexican Peso, Brazilian Real, Chilean Peso, South Korean Won, Chinese Yuan Renminbi and Thai Baht. Our operations in the United States are not materially exposed to such currency differences as the majority of our revenues and costs are in U.S. dollars. However, outside the United States the multinational nature of our activities means that contracts are usually priced in a single currency, most often pounds Sterling, U.S. dollars or Euros, while costs arise in a number of currencies, depending, among other things, on which of our offices provide staff for the contract, and the location of investigator sites. Although many such contracts benefit from some degree of natural hedging due to the matching of contract revenues and costs in the same currency, where costs are incurred in currencies other than those in which contracts are priced, fluctuations in the relative value of those currencies could have a material effect on our results of operations. We regularly review our currency exposures and hedge a portion of these, using forward exchange contracts, where natural hedges do not cover them.
We have received capital and revenue grants from Enterprise Ireland, an Irish government agency. We record capital grants as deferred income, which are credited to income on a basis consistent with the depreciation of the relevant asset. Grants relating to operating expenditures are credited to income in the period in which the related expenditure is charged. The capital grant agreements provide that in certain circumstances the grants received may be refundable in full. These circumstances include sale of the related asset, liquidation of the Company or failing to comply in other respects with the grant agreements. The operating expenditure grant agreements provide for repayment in the event of downsizing of the Company calculated by reference to any reduction in employee numbers. We have not recognized any loss contingency having assessed as remote the likelihood of these events arising. Up to June 30, 2006, we have received $2,575,033 and $1,913,939 under the capital grants and operating grants, respectively. Pursuant to the terms of the grant agreements, we are restricted from distributing some of these amounts by way of dividend or otherwise.
As we conduct operations on a global basis, our effective tax rate has depended and will depend on the geographic distribution of our revenue and earnings among locations with varying tax rates. Our results of operations therefore may be affected by changes in the tax rates of the various jurisdictions. In particular, as the geographic mix of our results of operations among various tax jurisdictions changes, our effective tax rate may vary significantly from period to period.
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain financial data as a percentage of net revenue and the percentage change in these items compared to the prior comparable period. The trends illustrated in the following table may not be indicative of future results.
Net revenue increased by $21.5 million, or 25.0%, from $85.9 million for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to $107.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006. This improvement arose through a combination of increased business from existing clients and business won from new clients. Revenues in the United States, Europe and the Rest of World grew by 39.4%, 0.6% and 58.5%, respectively. In the three months ended June 30, 2006, net revenue from our central laboratory business increased by 88.1% from $6.1 million to $11.5 million, while our clinical research segment grew by 20.1% from $79.8 million to $95.9 million, in each case over the period ended May 31, 2005. The increase in net revenue in our central laboratory segment is primarily due to higher testing volumes over the comparative period. The growth in net revenue in our clinical research segment is due to the expansion of our services to both existing and new clients, increased use of outsourcing by the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, an underlying increase in research and development spending and consolidation in the CRO industry.
Direct costs increased by $12.5 million, or 26.3%, from $47.5 million for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to $60.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006, primarily due to increased staff numbers needed to support increased project related activity and the inclusion of $0.57 million non-cash stock compensation expense for the quarter ended June 30, 2006. Direct costs as a percentage of net revenue increased from 55.3% for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to 55.9% for three months ended June 30, 2006.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $4.9 million, or 17.6%, from $27.5 for the three months ended May 31, 2005 million to $32.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006. This increase is due to the continued expansion of our operations and the inclusion of $0.47 million non-cash stock compensation expense. As a percentage of net revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses, decreased from 32.0% in the three months ended May 31, 2005, to 30.2% in the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $0.1 million, or 3.9%, from $3.6 million for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006. This increase is due to the continued investment in facilities and information technology to support the growth in activity and in providing for future capacity. As a percentage of net revenue, depreciation and amortization decreased from 4.1% in the three months ended May 31, 2005 to 3.4% in the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Income from operations increased by $4.0 million, or 54.2%, from of $7.4 million for the three months ended May 31, 2005, to $11.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2006. The operating income for the quarter is derived after the recognition of the non cash stock compensation charge of which there was no charge in the comparable period. As a percentage of net revenue, income from operations increased from 8.6% for the three months ended May 31, 2005, to 10.5% of net revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
The three months ended June 30, 2006, saw an improvement in the performance of the central laboratory business, from a loss from operations, as a percentage of net revenue of 32.6% for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to an operating profit of 2.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2006. The central laboratory constitutes approximately 10.7% of our business revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2006. Operating margins for our clinical research segment decreased from 11.7% for the three months ended May 31, 2005 to 11.5% for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
Interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was $1.0 million, an increase of $0.6 million over the amount of net interest income for the three months ended May 31, 2005. Higher average level of funds invested and higher interest rates over the prior period contributed to the increased interest income.
ICON’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2006 was 24.0% compared with 22.0% for the three months ended May 31, 2005. The increase is due mainly to the impact of a non-cash stock compensation expense recorded in the current quarter and changes in the geographic distribution of pre-tax earnings.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2006 Compared with Six Months Ended May 31, 2005
The following table sets forth for the periods indicated certain financial data as a percentage of net revenue and the percentage change in these items compared to the prior comparable period. The trends illustrated in the following table may not be indicative of future results.
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| | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended | | 2005 to 2006 Percentage | |
| | June 30, 2006 | | May 31, 2005 | | |
| |
| |
| | |
| | Percentage of Net Revenue | | Increase/(decrease) | |
| |
| |
| |
Net revenue | | 100.0 | % | | 100.0 | % | | 22.0 | % | |
Costs and expenses: | | | | | | | | | | |
Direct costs | | 55.7 | % | | 55.4 | % | | 22.6 | % | |
Selling, general and administrative | | 30.4 | % | | 32.5 | % | | 14.1 | % | |
Depreciation and amortization | | 3.5 | % | | 4.1 | % | | 2.3 | % | |
Other Charges | | — | | | 6.7 | % | | (100.0 | )% | |
Income from operations | | 10.4 | % | | 1.3 | % | | 912.0 | % | |
Net revenue increased by $37.1 million, or 22.0%, from $168.8 million for the six, months ended May 31, 2005 to $205.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. This improvement arose through a combination of increased business from existing clients and business won from new clients. Revenues in the United States, Europe and the Rest of World grew by 32.4%, 1.6% and 56.3% respectively. In the six months ended June 30, 2006, net revenue from our central laboratory business increased by 66.5% from $12.5 for the six months ended May 31, 2005 million to $20.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, while our clinical research segment grew by 18.4% from $156.3 million to $185.1 million over the comparable period. The increase in net revenue in our central laboratory segment is primarily due to higher testing volumes in 2006. The growth in net revenue in our clinical research segment is due to the expansion of our services to both existing and new clients, increased use of outsourcing by the pharmaceutical, biotechnology and medical device industries, an underlying increase in research and development spending and consolidation in the CRO industry.
Direct costs increased by $21.2 million, or 22.6%, from $93.5 million for the six months ended May 31, 2005 to $114.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006, primarily due to increased staff numbers needed to support increased project related activity and the inclusion of $1.08 million non-cash stock compensation. Direct costs as a percentage of net revenue increased from 55.4% in the six months ended May 31, 2005 to 55.7% in the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $7.8 million, or 14.1%, from $54.9 million for the six months ended May 31, 2005 to $62.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. This increase is due to the continued expansion of our operations and the inclusion of $0.9 million non-cash stock compensation expense. As a percentage of net revenue, selling, general and administrative expenses, decreased from 32.5% in the six months ended May 31, 2005 to 30.4% in the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $0.1 million, or 2.3%, from $7.0 million for the six months ended May 31, 2005 to $7.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. This increase is due to the continued investment in facilities and information technology to support the growth in activity and in providing for future capacity. As a percentage of net revenue, depreciation and amortization, decreased from 4.1% in the six months ended May 31, 2005 to 3.5% in the six months ended June 30, 2006.
Other charges of $11.3 million were recognised in the six months ended May 31, 2005. These charges related to the recognition of an impairment in the carrying value of our investment in the central laboratory, a write down of certain fixed assets and the lease termination and exit costs associated with the consolidation of some of our office facilities in the U.S.
Income from operations increased by $19.3 million, or 912%, from $2.1 for the six months ended May 31, 2005 million to $21.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2006. As a percentage of net revenue, income from operations increased from 1.3% for the six months ended May 31, 2005 to 10.4% of net revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2006. The operating income for the six months is derived after the recognition of the non cash stock compensation charge of which there was no charge in the comparable period. As a percentage of net revenue, losses from operations for the central laboratory decreased from 100.3% for the six months ended May 31, 2005, to 1.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2006, due to the efficiencies gained in the higher testing volumes in fiscal 2006. For the six months ended June 30, 2006, the central laboratory constituted approximately 10.1% of our business revenues. Operating margins for our clinical research segment increased from 9.4% in the six months ended May 31, 2005 to 11.7% for the six months ended June 30, 2006.
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Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was $1.7 million, an increase of $0.9 million over the amount of net interest income for the six months ended May 31, 2005. Higher average level of funds invested and higher interest rates rates over the prior period contributed to the increased interest income.
ICON’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2006 was 26.4% compared with 80.7% for the six months ended May 31, 2005. The decrease in the effective rate was primarily due to the inclusion of once-off other charged for the six months ended May 31, 2005.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The CRO industry generally is not capital intensive. Since our inception, we have financed our operations and growth primarily with cash flows from operations, net proceeds of $49.1 million raised in our initial public offering in May 1998 and net proceeds of $44.3 million raised in our public offering in August 2003. Our principal cash needs are payment of salaries, office rents, travel expenditures and payments to subcontractors. The aggregate amount of employee compensation paid in the six months ended June 30, 2006 amounted to $123.8 million compared to $101.4 million for the six months ended May 31, 2005. Investing activities primarily reflect capital expenditures for facilities and for information systems enhancements, the sale and purchase of short-term investments and acquisitions.
Our clinical research and development contracts are generally fixed price with some variable components and range in duration from a few months to several years. Revenue from contracts is generally recognized as income on the basis of the relationship between time incurred and the total estimated contract duration or on a fee-for-service basis. The cash flow from contracts typically consists of a down payment of between 10% and 20% paid at the time the contract is entered into, with the balance paid in instalments over the contract’s duration and in some cases upon the achievement of certain milestones. Accordingly, cash receipts do not necessarily correspond to costs incurred and revenue recognized on contracts.
As of June 30, 2006, our working capital amounted to $153.3 million, compared to $132.3 million at December 31, 2005. The other significant influence on our operating cash flow is revenue outstanding, which comprises accounts receivable and unbilled revenue, less payments on account. The dollar values of these amounts and the related days revenue outstanding can vary due to the achievement of contractual milestones, including contract signing, and the timing of cash receipts. The number of days revenue outstanding was 51 days at June 30, 2006, compared to 65 days at December 31, 2005.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $30.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to $27.2 million in the six months ended May 31, 2005.
Net cash used in investing activities was $25.9 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to $2.9 million in the six months ended May 31, 2005, due to additional purchase of short term investments during the period.
Net cash used in financing activities was $0.8 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to $9.2 million in the six months ended, May 31, 2005, primarily due to repayment of bank credit lines.
As a result of these cash flows, cash and cash equivalents increased by $3.7 million in the six months ended June 30, 2006, compared to an increase of $14.4 million in the six months ended May 31, 2005.
On July 3, 2003, ICON entered into a facility agreement (the “Facility Agreement”) for the provision of a term loan facility of U.S.$40 million, multi-currency overdraft facility of $5 million and revolving credit facility of $15 million (the “Facilities”) with The Governor and Company of the Bank of Ireland and Ulster Bank Ireland Limited (the “Banks”). Our obligations under the Facilities are secured by certain composite guarantees and indemnities and pledges in favour of each of the Banks. This facility bears interest at an annual rate equal to the Banks’ Prime Rate plus three quarters of one percent. ICON plc and its subsidiaries are entitled to make borrowings under the term loan facility of $40 million and the multi currency overdraft facility of $5 million. As at June 30, 2006, the full amounts of the term loan facility and the multi currency overdraft were available to be drawn down. As at June 30, 2006, the full amount of the $15 million revolving credit facility was available to be drawn down.
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The Company also entered into an overdraft agreement with Allied Irish Banks, plc (“AIB”) whereby the company guarantees any overdraft of its subsidiary ICON Clinical Research GmbH up to an amount 120,000 (U.S.$150,612). As of June 30, 2006, the full facility was available to be drawn down.
Inflation
We believe the effects of inflation generally do not have a material adverse impact on our operations or financial conditions.
Legal Proceedings
We are not party to any litigation or other legal proceedings that we believe could reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | |
| ICON plc |
| |
Date 25th July 2006 | | /s/ Ciaran Murray |
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| Ciaran Murray |
| Chief Financial Officer |
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1,000,000
American Depositary Shares
Representing
1,000,000 Ordinary Shares
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