Loans Receivable, Net | LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET The following table details overall statistics for our loans receivable portfolio ($ in thousands): September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022 Number of loans 185 203 Principal balance $ 23,849,497 $ 25,160,343 Net book value $ 23,252,478 $ 24,691,743 Unfunded loan commitments (1) $ 2,671,851 $ 3,806,153 Weighted-average cash coupon (2) + 3.43 % + 3.44 % Weighted-average all-in yield (2) + 3.77 % + 3.84 % Weighted-average maximum maturity (years) (3) 2.6 3.1 (1) Unfunded commitments will primarily be funded to finance our borrowers’ construction or development of real estate-related assets, capital improvements of existing assets, or lease-related expenditures. These commitments will generally be funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date. (2) The weighted-average cash coupon and all-in yield are expressed as a spread over the relevant floating benchmark rates, which include SOFR, USD LIBOR, SONIA, EURIBOR, and other indices, as applicable to each loan. As of September 30, 2023 99% of our loans by principal balance earned a floating rate of interest, primarily indexed to SOFR, and the remaining 1% of our loans earned a fixed rate of interest. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of our loans by principal balance earned a floating rate of interest, primarily indexed to SOFR and USD LIBOR. Floating rate exposure includes an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $229.9 million that effectively converts our fixed rate loan exposure to floating rate exposure. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes the amortization of deferred origination and extension fees, loan origination costs, and purchase discounts, as well as the accrual of exit fees. Excludes loans accounted for under the cost-recovery method. (3) Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower, however our loans may be repaid prior to such date. As of September 30, 2023, 18% of our loans by principal balance were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 82% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty. As of December 31, 2022, 50% of our loans by principal balance were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 50% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty. The following table details the index rate floors for our loans receivable portfolio as of September 30, 2023 ($ in thousands): Loans Receivable Principal Balance Index Rate Floors USD Non-USD (1) Total Fixed Rate $ 326,972 $ — $ 326,972 0.00% or no floor (2) 4,452,986 6,968,770 11,421,756 0.01% to 1.00% floor 7,651,125 803,299 8,454,424 1.01% to 1.50% floor 1,305,951 153,906 1,459,857 1.51% to 2.00% floor 694,857 234,344 929,201 2.01% or more floor 1,257,287 — 1,257,287 Total (3) $ 15,689,178 $ 8,160,319 $ 23,849,497 (1) Includes Euro, British Pound Sterling, Swedish Krona, Australian Dollar, Swiss Franc, and Danish Krone currencies. (2) Includes an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $229.9 million that effectively converts our fixed rate loan exposure to floating rate exposure. (3) As of September 30, 2023, the weighted-average index rate floor of our loans receivable principal balance was 0.42%. Excluding 0.0% index rate floors and loans with no floor, the weighted-average index rate floor was 0.78%. Activity relating to our loans receivable portfolio was as follows ($ in thousands): Principal Balance Deferred Fees / Other Items (1) Net Book Value Loans Receivable, as of December 31, 2022 $ 25,160,343 $ (142,463) $ 25,017,880 Loan fundings 1,068,853 — 1,068,853 Loan repayments, sales, and cost-recovery proceeds (2,280,034) (40,733) (2,320,767) Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency translation (99,665) 313 (99,352) Deferred fees and other items — (11,046) (11,046) Amortization of fees and other items — 60,333 60,333 Loans Receivable, as of September 30, 2023 $ 23,849,497 $ (133,596) $ 23,715,901 CECL reserve (463,423) Loans Receivable, net, as of September 30, 2023 $ 23,252,478 (1) Other items primarily consist of purchase and sale discounts or premiums, exit fees, deferred origination expenses, and cost-recovery proceeds. The tables below detail the property type and geographic distribution of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio ($ in thousands): September 30, 2023 Property Type Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of Office 57 $ 9,206,553 $ 10,016,113 $ 8,006,364 36% Multifamily 74 5,908,559 6,068,116 5,855,896 26 Hospitality 25 4,184,422 4,219,762 3,891,569 17 Industrial 12 2,121,085 2,133,209 2,124,686 10 Retail 7 842,100 859,681 830,697 4 Life Sciences / Studio 4 373,818 535,148 373,853 2 Other 6 1,079,364 1,080,847 1,051,144 5 Total loans receivable 185 $ 23,715,901 $ 24,912,876 $ 22,134,209 100% CECL reserve (463,423) Loans receivable, net $ 23,252,478 Geographic Location Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of United States Sunbelt 67 $ 5,811,609 $ 5,971,930 $ 5,644,980 25% Northeast 32 5,404,008 5,446,368 4,421,379 20 West 31 3,080,257 4,074,953 2,977,926 13 Midwest 9 944,028 943,954 915,330 4 Northwest 6 360,566 364,148 362,089 2 Subtotal 145 15,600,468 16,801,353 14,321,704 64 International United Kingdom 23 3,511,992 3,486,567 3,240,731 15 Australia 5 1,343,580 1,352,700 1,346,196 6 Ireland 3 1,132,912 1,137,526 1,130,878 5 Spain 3 1,079,272 1,082,148 1,044,808 5 Sweden 1 451,731 454,222 453,891 2 Other Europe 5 595,946 598,360 596,001 3 Subtotal 40 8,115,433 8,111,523 7,812,505 36 Total loans receivable 185 $ 23,715,901 $ 24,912,876 $ 22,134,209 100% CECL reserve (463,423) Loans receivable, net $ 23,252,478 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of September 30, 2023, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $23.8 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements, (ii) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements, and excludes (iii) $48.8 million of junior loan interests that we have sold, but that remain included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of September 30, 2023, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $935.4 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $226.9 million of senior loan participations sold, (iv) $40.7 million of cost-recovery proceeds, and (v) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $463.4 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. December 31, 2022 Property Type Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of Office 60 $ 9,082,946 $ 10,023,495 $ 8,099,334 34% Multifamily 80 6,214,123 6,330,153 6,189,298 26 Hospitality 30 4,879,314 4,908,583 4,552,404 19 Industrial 12 2,140,636 2,236,716 2,150,501 9 Retail 9 1,098,315 1,141,932 1,090,238 5 Life Sciences/Studio 4 358,676 570,089 359,830 2 Other 8 1,243,870 1,599,313 1,217,578 5 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 100% CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 Geographic Location Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of United States Sunbelt 75 $ 6,538,034 $ 6,802,928 $ 6,244,886 27% Northeast 36 5,339,874 5,666,968 4,570,180 19 West 33 3,515,517 4,547,946 3,486,343 15 Midwest 10 987,718 1,091,882 984,151 4 Northwest 6 317,863 321,937 320,156 1 Subtotal 160 16,699,006 18,431,661 15,605,716 66 International United Kingdom 23 3,362,629 3,393,126 3,123,925 13 Australia 5 1,405,601 1,417,318 1,408,565 6 Spain 4 1,237,446 1,241,808 1,204,218 5 Ireland 3 1,192,220 1,199,406 1,197,892 5 Sweden 1 473,374 476,673 476,367 2 Canada 1 49,409 49,432 49,398 — Other Europe 6 598,195 600,857 593,102 3 Subtotal 43 8,318,874 8,378,620 8,053,467 34 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 100% CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of December 31, 2022, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $25.2 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements and (ii) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of December 31, 2022, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $950.3 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $224.7 million of senior loan participations sold, and (iv) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $326.1 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. Loan Risk Ratings As further described in Note 2, we evaluate our loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. In conjunction with our quarterly loan portfolio review, we assess the risk factors of each loan, and assign a risk rating based on several factors. Factors considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, risk of loss, origination LTV, debt yield, collateral performance, structure, exit plan, and sponsorship. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined in Note 2. The following table allocates the net book value, total loan exposure, and net loan exposure balances based on our internal risk ratings ($ in thousands): September 30, 2023 Risk Rating Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) 1 15 $ 763,494 $ 812,060 $ 764,174 2 40 6,102,290 6,578,639 5,105,664 3 107 12,493,474 13,120,942 12,281,191 4 13 2,965,121 2,967,865 2,913,093 5 10 1,391,522 1,433,370 1,070,087 Total loans receivable 185 $ 23,715,901 $ 24,912,876 $ 22,134,209 CECL reserve (463,423) Loans receivable, net $ 23,252,478 December 31, 2022 Risk Rating Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) 1 17 $ 1,403,185 $ 1,428,232 $ 1,170,725 2 36 5,880,424 6,562,852 5,292,933 3 134 14,128,133 15,209,018 13,826,730 4 11 2,677,027 2,680,145 2,628,539 5 5 929,111 930,034 740,256 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of September 30, 2023, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $23.8 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements, (ii) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements, and excludes (iii) $48.8 million of junior loan interests that we have sold, but that remain included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. As of December 31, 2022, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $25.2 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements and (ii) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of September 30, 2023, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $935.4 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $226.9 million of senior loan participations sold, (iv) $40.7 million of cost-recovery proceeds, and (v) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $463.4 million. Our net loan exposure as of December 31, 2022 is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $950.3 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $224.7 million of senior loan participations sold, and (iv) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $326.1 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. Our loan portfolio had a weighted-average risk rating of 2.9 as of both September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Current Expected Credit Loss Reserve The CECL reserve required under GAAP reflects our current estimate of potential credit losses related to the loans included in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 2 for further discussion of our CECL reserve. The following table presents the activity in our loans receivable CECL reserve by investment pool for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands): U.S. Loans (1) Non-U.S. Loans Unique Loans Impaired Loans Total Loans Receivable, Net CECL reserve as of December 31, 2022 $ 67,880 $ 22,519 $ 45,960 $ 189,778 $ 326,137 Increase (decrease) in CECL reserve 5,314 (2,823) 483 7,480 10,454 CECL reserve as of March 31, 2023 $ 73,194 $ 19,696 $ 46,443 $ 197,258 $ 336,591 Increase (decrease) in CECL reserve 1,199 9,296 (354) 17,143 27,284 CECL reserve as of June 30, 2023 $ 74,393 $ 28,992 $ 46,089 $ 214,401 $ 363,875 (Decrease) increase in CECL reserve (5,639) (2,336) (627) 108,150 99,548 CECL reserve as of September 30, 2023 $ 68,754 $ 26,656 $ 45,462 $ 322,551 $ 463,423 CECL reserve as of December 31, 2021 $ 26,885 $ 10,263 $ 32,657 $ 54,874 $ 124,679 Decrease in CECL reserve (644) (54) (1,760) — (2,458) CECL reserve as of March 31, 2022 $ 26,241 $ 10,209 $ 30,897 $ 54,874 $ 122,221 Increase in CECL reserve 7,070 1,135 2,598 — 10,803 CECL reserve as of June 30, 2022 $ 33,311 $ 11,344 $ 33,495 $ 54,874 $ 133,024 Increase in CECL reserve 8,280 45 3,082 — 11,407 CECL reserve as of September 30, 2022 $ 41,591 $ 11,389 $ 36,577 $ 54,874 $ 144,431 (1) Includes Canadian loans, which have similar risk characteristics as U.S. loans. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded an increase of $99.5 million in the CECL reserve against our loans receivable portfolio, bringing our total loans receivable CECL reserve to $463.4 million as of September 30, 2023. This CECL reserve reflects certain loans assessed for impairment in our portfolio, as well as macroeconomic conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded an aggregate net increase of $108.2 million in the asset-specific CECL reserve related to our impaired loans. The increase was primarily driven by three additional loans that were impaired during the three months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the income accrual was suspended on these loans as recovery of income and principal was doubtful. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we recorded $7.2 million of interest income on these three loans. As of September 30, 2023, we had an aggregate $322.6 million asset-specific CECL reserve related to ten of our loans receivable, with an aggregate amortized cost basis of $1.4 billion, net of cost-recovery proceeds. This CECL reserve was recorded based on our estimation of the fair value of each of the loan's underlying collateral as of September 30, 2023. No income was recorded on our impaired loans subsequent to determining that they were impaired. As of September 30, 2023, all such borrowers were compliant with the contractual terms of each respective loan, including any required payment of interest. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, we received an aggregate $10.2 million of cash proceeds from such loans that were applied as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of each respective loan. Refer to Note 2 for further discussion of our revenue recognition and CECL reserve policies. Our primary credit quality indicator is our risk ratings, which are further discussed above. The following tables present the net book value of our loan portfolio as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, by year of origination, investment pool, and risk rating ($ in thousands): Net Book Value of Loans Receivable by Year of Origination (1) As of September 30, 2023 Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total U.S. loans 1 $ — $ 151,179 $ 465,406 $ 39,933 $ 53,039 $ 53,937 $ 763,494 2 — 216,889 1,936,744 32,244 227,680 1,540,263 3,953,820 3 — 2,027,526 3,866,825 605,278 585,997 385,150 7,470,776 4 — 81,591 774,607 140,000 — 1,024,660 2,020,858 5 — — — — — — — Total U.S. loans $ — $ 2,477,185 $ 7,043,582 $ 817,455 $ 866,716 $ 3,004,010 $ 14,208,948 Non-U.S. loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — 1,098,319 960,731 89,420 — — 2,148,470 3 — 590,162 1,199,465 — 1,876,168 81,896 3,747,691 4 — — — — 344,383 — 344,383 5 — — — — — — — Total Non-U.S. loans $ — $ 1,688,481 $ 2,160,196 $ 89,420 $ 2,220,551 $ 81,896 $ 6,240,544 Unique loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — 844,697 — — 251,956 178,354 1,275,007 4 — — — — — 599,880 599,880 5 — — — — — — — Total unique loans $ — $ 844,697 $ — $ — $ 251,956 $ 778,234 $ 1,874,887 Impaired loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — 5 — — 507,371 — — 884,151 1,391,522 Total impaired loans $ — $ — $ 507,371 $ — $ — $ 884,151 $ 1,391,522 Total loans receivable 1 $ — $ 151,179 $ 465,406 $ 39,933 $ 53,039 $ 53,937 $ 763,494 2 — 1,315,208 2,897,475 121,664 227,680 1,540,263 6,102,290 3 — 3,462,385 5,066,290 605,278 2,714,121 645,400 12,493,474 4 — 81,591 774,607 140,000 344,383 1,624,540 2,965,121 5 — — 507,371 — — 884,151 1,391,522 Total loans receivable $ — $ 5,010,363 $ 9,711,149 $ 906,875 $ 3,339,223 $ 4,748,291 $ 23,715,901 CECL reserve (463,423) Loans receivable, net $ 23,252,478 (1) Date loan was originated or acquired by us. Origination dates are subsequently updated to reflect material loan modifications. Net Book Value of Loans Receivable by Year of Origination (1) As of December 31, 2022 Risk Rating 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total U.S. loans (2) 1 $ 145,152 $ 563,426 $ 5,075 $ 231,894 $ 415,471 $ — $ 1,361,018 2 117,314 1,742,289 362,062 156,478 1,178,721 — 3,556,864 3 2,035,111 5,776,346 411,880 735,772 472,134 80,323 9,511,566 4 — — — 96,542 1,160,627 132,687 1,389,856 5 — — — — — — — Total U.S. loans $ 2,297,577 $ 8,082,061 $ 779,017 $ 1,220,686 $ 3,226,953 $ 213,010 $ 15,819,304 Non-U.S. loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 590,580 609,270 94,995 1,028,715 — — 2,323,560 3 977,767 1,586,266 — 896,392 86,706 — 3,547,131 4 — — — 344,089 — — 344,089 5 — — — — — — — Total Non-U.S. loans $ 1,568,347 $ 2,195,536 $ 94,995 $ 2,269,196 $ 86,706 $ — $ 6,214,780 Unique loans 1 $ 42,167 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 42,167 2 — — — — — — — 3 893,114 — — — 176,322 — 1,069,436 4 — — — 289,141 653,941 — 943,082 5 — — — — — — — Total unique loans $ 935,281 $ — $ — $ 289,141 $ 830,263 $ — $ 2,054,685 Impaired loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — 5 — 208,894 — — 284,809 435,408 929,111 Total impaired loans $ — $ 208,894 $ — $ — $ 284,809 $ 435,408 $ 929,111 Total loans receivable 1 $ 187,319 $ 563,426 $ 5,075 $ 231,894 $ 415,471 $ — $ 1,403,185 2 707,894 2,351,559 457,057 1,185,193 1,178,721 — 5,880,424 3 3,905,992 7,362,612 411,880 1,632,164 735,162 80,323 14,128,133 4 — — — 729,772 1,814,568 132,687 2,677,027 5 — 208,894 — — 284,809 435,408 929,111 Total loans receivable $ 4,801,205 $ 10,486,491 $ 874,012 $ 3,779,023 $ 4,428,731 $ 648,418 $ 25,017,880 CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Date loan was originated or acquired by us. Origination dates are subsequently updated to reflect material loan modifications. (2) Includes Canadian loans, which have similar risk characteristics as U.S. loans. Loan Modifications Pursuant to ASC 326 During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we entered into four loan modifications that require disclosure pursuant to ASC 326. All such loans were collateralized by office assets. Two of the loan modifications included other-than-insignificant payment delays, specifically the option to pay interest in-kind. For one of the loans the maximum maturity date was extended by six months, the borrower contributed $2.0 million of additional reserves, and the interest rate increased by 5.11%. The other modification included an additional 4.00% exit fee. As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amortized cost basis of these loans was $286.7 million, or 1.2% of our aggregate loans receivable portfolio, with an aggregate $10.0 million of unfunded commitments. The loans were performing pursuant to their contractual terms as of September 30, 2023, had risk ratings of 5 as of September 30, 2023, and have asset-specific CECL reserves. The other two loan modifications included a combination of changes to the contractual terms of the loans, including term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, and/or interest rate reductions. The first loan modification included a term extension of nineteen months, a rate reduction of 2.74% and conversion to fixed rate, with a portion of the interest paid in-kind. The borrower repaid $4.9 million of the loan at the time of modification, with an additional $2.5 million of repayment due during the initial maturity period. The second loan modification included a term extension of 4.5 years, a rate increase of 8.50% with interest paid in-kind, a borrower contribution of $2.0 million of additional reserves, and a $50.0 million increase in our total loan commitment. As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amortized cost basis of these loans was $435.1 million, or 1.8% of our aggregate loans receivable portfolio, with an aggregate $40.0 million of unfunded commitments. The loans were performing pursuant to their contractual terms as of September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, one of these loans had a risk rating of 4, and its modified terms were included in the determination of our general CECL reserve, and the other loan had a risk rating of 5 and has an asset-specific CECL reserve . Multifamily Joint Venture |