Loans Receivable, Net | LOANS RECEIVABLE, NET The following table details overall statistics for our loans receivable portfolio ($ in thousands): December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Number of loans 178 203 Principal balance $ 23,923,719 $ 25,160,343 Net book value $ 23,210,076 $ 24,691,743 Unfunded loan commitments (1) $ 2,430,664 $ 3,806,153 Weighted-average cash coupon (2) + 3.37 % + 3.44 % Weighted-average all-in yield (2) + 3.71 % + 3.84 % Weighted-average maximum maturity (years) (3) 2.4 3.1 (1) Unfunded commitments will primarily be funded to finance our borrowers’ construction or development of real estate-related assets, capital improvements of existing assets, or lease-related expenditures. These commitments will generally be funded over the term of each loan, subject in certain cases to an expiration date. (2) The weighted-average cash coupon and all-in yield are expressed as a spread over the relevant floating benchmark rates, which include SOFR, USD LIBOR, SONIA, EURIBOR, and other indices, as applicable to each loan. As of December 31, 2023 99% of our loans by principal balance earned a floating rate of interest, primarily indexed to SOFR, and the remaining 1% of our loans earned a fixed rate of interest. As of December 31, 2022, substantially all of our loans by principal balance earned a floating rate of interest, primarily indexed to SOFR and USD LIBOR. Floating rate exposure as of December 31, 2023 includes an interest rate swap we entered into with a notional amount of $229.9 million that effectively converts certain of our fixed rate loan exposure to floating rate exposure. In addition to cash coupon, all-in yield includes the amortization of deferred origination and extension fees, loan origination costs, and purchase discounts, as well as the accrual of exit fees. Excludes loans accounted for under the cost-recovery method. (3) Maximum maturity assumes all extension options are exercised by the borrower, however our loans may be repaid prior to such date. As of December 31, 2023, 14% of our loans by principal balance were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 86% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty. As of December 31, 2022, 50% of our loans by principal balance were subject to yield maintenance or other prepayment restrictions and 50% were open to repayment by the borrower without penalty. The following table details the index rate floors for our loans receivable portfolio as of December 31, 2023 ($ in thousands): Loans Receivable Principal Balance Index Rate Floors USD Non-USD (1) Total Fixed Rate $ 327,643 $ — $ 327,643 0.00% or no floor (2) 4,292,620 7,066,714 11,359,334 0.01% to 1.00% floor 6,683,636 810,979 7,494,615 1.01% to 2.00% floor 2,437,844 295,384 2,733,228 2.01% to 3.00% floor 1,334,636 — 1,334,636 3.01% or more floor 478,007 196,256 674,263 Total (3) $ 15,554,386 $ 8,369,333 $ 23,923,719 (1) Includes Euro, British Pound Sterling, Swedish Krona, Australian Dollar, Swiss Franc, and Danish Krone currencies. (2) Includes an interest rate swap we entered into with a notional amount of $229.9 million that effectively converts certain of our fixed rate loan exposure to floating rate exposure. (3) As of December 31, 2023, the weighted-average index rate floor of our loans receivable principal balance was 0.56%. Excluding 0.0% index rate floors and loans with no floor, the weighted-average index rate floor was 1.00%. As of December 31, 2022, the weighted-average index rate floor of our loans receivable principal balance was 0.36%. Excluding 0.0% index rate floors and loans with no floor, the weighted-average index rate floor was 0.64%. Activity relating to our loans receivable portfolio was as follows ($ in thousands): Principal Balance Deferred Fees / Other Items (1) Net Book Value Loans Receivable, as of December 31, 2021 $ 22,156,437 $ (153,420) $ 22,003,017 Loan fundings 6,810,218 — 6,810,218 Loan repayments and sales proceeds (3,168,155) — (3,168,155) Unrealized (loss) gain on foreign currency translation (638,157) 5,255 (632,902) Deferred fees and other items — (74,930) (74,930) Amortization of fees and other items — 80,632 80,632 Loans Receivable, as of December 31, 2022 $ 25,160,343 $ (142,463) $ 25,017,880 Loan fundings 1,344,130 — 1,344,130 Loan repayments, sales, and cost-recovery proceeds (2,871,423) (52,978) (2,924,401) Payment-in-kind interest, net of interest received 2,865 — 2,865 Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation 287,804 (1,702) 286,102 Deferred fees and other items — (17,992) (17,992) Amortization of fees and other items — 78,428 78,428 Loans Receivable, as of December 31, 2023 $ 23,923,719 $ (136,707) $ 23,787,012 CECL reserve (576,936) Loans Receivable, net, as of December 31, 2023 $ 23,210,076 (1) Other items primarily consist of purchase and sale discounts or premiums, exit fees, deferred origination expenses, and cost-recovery proceeds. The tables below detail the property type and geographic distribution of the properties securing the loans in our portfolio ($ in thousands): December 31, 2023 Property Type Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of Office 54 $ 9,253,609 $ 10,072,963 $ 7,956,472 36% Multifamily 73 5,876,128 5,997,886 5,756,192 26 Hospitality 23 4,161,525 4,194,588 3,804,091 17 Industrial 12 2,189,808 2,201,497 2,190,914 10 Retail 6 814,241 834,825 785,573 4 Life Sciences / Studio 4 385,098 561,517 384,219 2 Other 6 1,106,603 1,107,752 1,074,527 5 Total loans receivable 178 $ 23,787,012 $ 24,971,028 $ 21,951,988 100% CECL reserve (576,936) Loans receivable, net $ 23,210,076 Geographic Location Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of United States Sunbelt 65 $ 5,658,172 $ 5,786,395 $ 5,402,732 25% Northeast 30 5,386,940 5,426,951 4,340,660 20 West 31 3,088,644 4,108,074 2,910,559 13 Midwest 9 944,132 945,222 913,973 4 Northwest 6 382,591 385,978 383,382 2 Subtotal 141 15,460,479 16,652,620 13,951,306 64 International United Kingdom 20 3,470,120 3,439,678 3,181,489 14 Australia 5 1,429,144 1,437,870 1,432,146 7 Ireland 3 1,191,068 1,197,337 1,188,554 5 Spain 3 1,117,790 1,120,375 1,078,811 5 Sweden 1 474,262 476,718 476,281 2 Other Europe 5 644,149 646,430 643,401 3 Subtotal 37 8,326,533 8,318,408 8,000,682 36 Total loans receivable 178 $ 23,787,012 $ 24,971,028 $ 21,951,988 100% CECL reserve (576,936) Loans receivable, net $ 23,210,076 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of December 31, 2023, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $23.9 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements, (ii) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements, and excludes (iii) $100.9 million of junior loan interests that we have sold, but that remain included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of December 31, 2023, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $1.0 billion of asset-specific debt, (iii) $236.8 million of senior loan participations sold, (iv) $53.0 million of cost-recovery proceeds, and (v) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $576.9 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. December 31, 2022 Property Type Number of Net Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of Office 60 $ 9,082,946 $ 10,023,495 $ 8,099,334 34% Multifamily 80 6,214,123 6,330,153 6,189,298 26 Hospitality 30 4,879,314 4,908,583 4,552,404 19 Industrial 12 2,140,636 2,236,716 2,150,501 9 Retail 9 1,098,315 1,141,932 1,090,238 5 Life Sciences/Studio 4 358,676 570,089 359,830 2 Other 8 1,243,870 1,599,313 1,217,578 5 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 100% CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 Geographic Location Number of Net Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) Net Loan Exposure Percentage of United States Sunbelt 75 $ 6,538,034 $ 6,802,928 $ 6,244,886 27% Northeast 36 5,339,874 5,666,968 4,570,180 19 West 33 3,515,517 4,547,946 3,486,343 15 Midwest 10 987,718 1,091,882 984,151 4 Northwest 6 317,863 321,937 320,156 1 Subtotal 160 16,699,006 18,431,661 15,605,716 66 International United Kingdom 23 3,362,629 3,393,126 3,123,925 13 Australia 5 1,405,601 1,417,318 1,408,565 6 Spain 4 1,237,446 1,241,808 1,204,218 5 Ireland 3 1,192,220 1,199,406 1,197,892 5 Sweden 1 473,374 476,673 476,367 2 Canada 1 49,409 49,432 49,398 — Other Europe 6 598,195 600,857 593,102 3 Subtotal 43 8,318,874 8,378,620 8,053,467 34 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 100% CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of December 31, 2022, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $25.2 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements and (ii) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of December 31, 2022, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $950.3 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $224.7 million of senior loan participations sold, and (iv) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $326.1 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. Loan Risk Ratings As further described in Note 2, we evaluate our loan portfolio on a quarterly basis. In conjunction with our quarterly loan portfolio review, we assess the risk factors of each loan, and assign a risk rating based on several factors. Factors considered in the assessment include, but are not limited to, risk of loss, origination LTV, debt yield, collateral performance, structure, exit plan, and sponsorship. Loans are rated “1” (less risk) through “5” (greater risk), which ratings are defined in Note 2. The following table allocates the net book value, total loan exposure, and net loan exposure balances based on our internal risk ratings ($ in thousands): December 31, 2023 Risk Rating Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) 1 15 $ 763,101 $ 811,217 $ 763,223 2 36 6,143,184 6,618,319 5,095,395 3 99 12,277,518 12,573,282 11,964,620 4 15 2,725,930 3,036,837 2,668,025 5 13 1,877,279 1,931,373 1,460,725 Total loans receivable 178 $ 23,787,012 $ 24,971,028 $ 21,951,988 CECL reserve (576,936) Loans receivable, net $ 23,210,076 December 31, 2022 Risk Rating Number of Loans Net Book Value Total Loan Exposure (1) Net Loan Exposure (2) 1 17 $ 1,403,185 $ 1,428,232 $ 1,170,725 2 36 5,880,424 6,562,852 5,292,933 3 134 14,128,133 15,209,018 13,826,730 4 11 2,677,027 2,680,145 2,628,539 5 5 929,111 930,034 740,256 Total loans receivable 203 $ 25,017,880 $ 26,810,281 $ 23,659,183 CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Total loan exposure reflects our aggregate exposure to each loan investment. As of December 31, 2023, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $23.9 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements, (ii) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements, and excludes (iii) $100.9 million of junior loan interests that we have sold, but that remain included in our consolidated financial statements. As of December 31, 2022, total loan exposure, includes (i) loans with an outstanding principal balance of $25.2 billion that are included in our consolidated financial statements and (ii) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests in loans we have sold, which are not included in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 2 for further discussion of loan participations sold. (2) Net loan exposure reflects the amount of each loan that is subject to risk of credit loss to us as of December 31, 2023, which is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.1 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $1.0 billion of asset-specific debt, (iii) $236.8 million of senior loan participations sold, (iv) $53.0 million of cost-recovery proceeds, and (v) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $576.9 million. Our net loan exposure as of December 31, 2022 is our total loan exposure net of (i) $1.6 billion of non-consolidated senior interests, (ii) $950.3 million of asset-specific debt, (iii) $224.7 million of senior loan participations sold, and (iv) our total loans receivable CECL reserve of $326.1 million. Our non-consolidated senior interests, asset-specific debt, and loan participations sold are structurally non-recourse and term-matched to the corresponding collateral loans. Our loan portfolio had a weighted-average risk rating of 3.0 and 2.9 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Current Expected Credit Loss Reserve The CECL reserves required under GAAP reflect our current estimate of potential credit losses related to the loans included in our consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 2 for further discussion of our CECL reserves. The following table presents the activity in our loans receivable CECL reserve by investment pool for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands): U.S. Loans (1) Non-U.S. Unique Impaired Total Loans Receivable, Net CECL reserves as of December 31, 2022 $ 67,880 $ 22,519 $ 45,960 $ 189,778 $ 326,137 Increase in CECL reserves 10,455 9,041 3,411 227,892 250,799 CECL reserves as of December 31, 2023 78,335 31,560 49,371 417,670 576,936 CECL reserves as of December 31, 2021 $ 26,885 $ 10,263 $ 32,657 $ 54,874 $ 124,679 Increase in CECL reserves 40,995 12,256 13,303 134,904 201,458 CECL reserves as of December 31, 2022 $ 67,880 $ 22,519 $ 45,960 $ 189,778 $ 326,137 (1) Includes Canadian loans, which have similar risk characteristics as U.S. loans. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an aggregate increase of $250.8 million in the CECL reserves against our loans receivable portfolio, bringing our total loans receivable CECL reserve to $576.9 million as of December 31, 2023. These CECL reserves reflect certain impaired loans in our portfolio, as well as an additional increase in our CECL reserves due to macroeconomic conditions. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an aggregate net increase of $95.1 million in the asset-specific CECL reserve related to our impaired loans. The increase was primarily driven by three additional loans that were impaired during the three months ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, the income accrual was suspended on these loans as recovery of income and principal was doubtful. During the three months ended December 31, 2023, we recorded $5.9 million of interest income on these three loans. As of December 31, 2023, we had an aggregate $417.7 million asset-specific CECL reserve related to 13 of our loans receivable, with an aggregate amortized cost basis of $1.9 billion, net of cost-recovery proceeds. This CECL reserve was recorded based on our estimation of the fair value of each of the loan's underlying collateral as of December 31, 2023. No income was recorded on our impaired loans subsequent to determining that they were impaired. As of December 31, 2023, one of these loans with an amortized cost basis of $140.0 million, was past its current maturity date. This loan was less than 30 days past due on its interest payment and had a risk rating of “5”. As of December 31, 2023, all other borrowers were compliant with the contractual terms of each respective loan, including any required payment of interest. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we received an aggregate $53.0 million of cash proceeds from such loans that were applied as a reduction to the amortized cost basis of each respective loan. Refer to Note 2 for further discussion of our policies on revenue recognition and our CECL reserves. As of December 31, 2022, we had a $189.8 million CECL reserve specifically related to five of our loans receivable, with an amortized cost basis of $929.1 million. This CECL reserve was recorded based on our estimation of the fair value of each of the loan’s underlying collateral as of December 31, 2022. Our primary credit quality indicator is our risk ratings, which are further discussed above. The following tables present the net book value of our loan portfolio as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, by year of origination, investment pool, and risk rating ($ in thousands): Net Book Value of Loans Receivable by Year of Origination (1) As of December 31, 2023 Risk Rating 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Total U.S. loans 1 $ — $ 172,575 $ 443,739 $ 39,877 $ 52,939 $ 53,971 $ 763,101 2 — 195,755 1,883,162 32,179 200,917 1,438,175 3,750,188 3 — 1,870,610 3,730,842 613,688 380,726 359,257 6,955,123 4 — 317,665 924,070 — 193,168 679,885 2,114,788 5 — — — — — — — Total U.S. loans $ — $ 2,556,605 $ 6,981,813 $ 685,744 $ 827,750 $ 2,531,288 $ 13,583,200 Non-U.S. loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — 1,034,196 1,230,762 93,423 34,615 — 2,392,996 3 — 643,018 1,084,137 — 2,249,931 — 3,977,086 4 — — — — — — — 5 — — — — — — — Total Non-U.S. loans $ — $ 1,677,214 $ 2,314,899 $ 93,423 $ 2,284,546 $ — $ 6,370,082 Unique loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — 894,599 — — 264,457 186,253 1,345,309 4 — — — — — 611,142 611,142 5 — — — — — — — Total unique loans $ — $ 894,599 $ — $ — $ 264,457 $ 797,395 $ 1,956,451 Impaired loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — 5 — — 508,264 140,000 — 1,229,015 1,877,279 Total impaired loans $ — $ — $ 508,264 $ 140,000 $ — $ 1,229,015 $ 1,877,279 Total loans receivable 1 $ — $ 172,575 $ 443,739 $ 39,877 $ 52,939 $ 53,971 $ 763,101 2 — 1,229,951 3,113,924 125,602 235,532 1,438,175 6,143,184 3 — 3,408,227 4,814,979 613,688 2,895,114 545,510 12,277,518 4 — 317,665 924,070 — 193,168 1,291,027 2,725,930 5 — — 508,264 140,000 — 1,229,015 1,877,279 Total loans receivable $ — $ 5,128,418 $ 9,804,976 $ 919,167 $ 3,376,753 $ 4,557,698 $ 23,787,012 CECL reserve (576,936) Loans receivable, net $ 23,210,076 (1) Date loan was originated or acquired by us. Origination dates are subsequently updated to reflect material loan modifications. Net Book Value of Loans Receivable by Year of Origination (1) As of December 31, 2022 Risk Rating 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total U.S. loans (2) 1 $ 145,152 $ 563,426 $ 5,075 $ 231,894 $ 415,471 $ — $ 1,361,018 2 117,314 1,742,289 362,062 156,478 1,178,721 — 3,556,864 3 2,035,111 5,776,346 411,880 735,772 472,134 80,323 9,511,566 4 — — — 96,542 1,160,627 132,687 1,389,856 5 — — — — — — — Total U.S. loans $ 2,297,577 $ 8,082,061 $ 779,017 $ 1,220,686 $ 3,226,953 $ 213,010 $ 15,819,304 Non-U.S. loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 590,580 609,270 94,995 1,028,715 — — 2,323,560 3 977,767 1,586,266 — 896,392 86,706 — 3,547,131 4 — — — 344,089 — — 344,089 5 — — — — — — — Total Non-U.S. loans $ 1,568,347 $ 2,195,536 $ 94,995 $ 2,269,196 $ 86,706 $ — $ 6,214,780 Unique loans 1 $ 42,167 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 42,167 2 — — — — — — — 3 893,114 — — — 176,322 — 1,069,436 4 — — — 289,141 653,941 — 943,082 5 — — — — — — — Total unique loans $ 935,281 $ — $ — $ 289,141 $ 830,263 $ — $ 2,054,685 Impaired loans 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — 2 — — — — — — — 3 — — — — — — — 4 — — — — — — — 5 — 208,894 — — 284,809 435,408 929,111 Total impaired loans $ — $ 208,894 $ — $ — $ 284,809 $ 435,408 $ 929,111 Total loans receivable 1 $ 187,319 $ 563,426 $ 5,075 $ 231,894 $ 415,471 $ — $ 1,403,185 2 707,894 2,351,559 457,057 1,185,193 1,178,721 — 5,880,424 3 3,905,992 7,362,612 411,880 1,632,164 735,162 80,323 14,128,133 4 — — — 729,772 1,814,568 132,687 2,677,027 5 — 208,894 — — 284,809 435,408 929,111 Total loans receivable $ 4,801,205 $ 10,486,491 $ 874,012 $ 3,779,023 $ 4,428,731 $ 648,418 $ 25,017,880 CECL reserve (326,137) Loans receivable, net $ 24,691,743 (1) Date loan was originated or acquired by us. Origination dates are subsequently updated to reflect material loan modifications. (2) Includes Canadian loans, which have similar risk characteristics as U.S. loans. Loan Modifications Pursuant to ASC 326 During the year ended December 31, 2023, we entered into five loan modifications that require disclosure pursuant to ASC 326. Four of these loans were collateralized by office assets and one was collateralized by a hospitality asset. Three of the loan modifications included other-than-insignificant payment delays, specifically the option to pay interest in-kind. For one of the loans the maximum maturity date was extended by one year, the borrower contributed $2.0 million of additional reserves, and the interest rate increased by 5.11%. The second modification included an additional 4.00% exit fee. The third modification included an additional 2.00% exit fee and the interest rate increased by 2.00%. As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amortized cost basis of these loans was $546.3 million, or 2.3% of our aggregate loans receivable portfolio, with an aggregate $10.0 million of unfunded commitments. The loans were performing pursuant to their contractual terms as of December 31, 2023, had risk ratings of “5” as of December 31, 2023, and have asset-specific CECL reserves. The other two loan modifications included a combination of changes to the contractual terms of the loans, including term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, and/or interest rate reductions. The first loan modification included a term extension of 19 months, a rate reduction of 2.74% and conversion to fixed rate, with a portion of the interest paid in-kind. The borrower repaid $4.9 million of the loan at the time of modification, with an additional $2.5 million of repayment due during the initial maturity period. The second loan modification included a term extension of 4.5 years, a rate increase of 8.50% with interest paid in-kind, a borrower contribution of $2.0 million of additional reserves, and a $50.0 million increase in our total loan commitment. As of December 31, 2023, the aggregate amortized cost basis of these loans was $434.5 million, or 1.8% of our aggregate loans receivable portfolio, with an aggregate $40.0 million of unfunded commitments. The loans were performing pursuant to their contractual terms as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, one of these loans had a risk rating of “4”, and its modified terms were included in the determination of our general CECL reserve, and the other loan had a risk rating of “5” and has an asset-specific CECL reserve. Loan modifications that allow the option to pay interest in-kind increase our potential economics and the size of our secured claim, as interest is capitalized and added to the outstanding principal balance for applicable loans. As of December 31, 2023, all of our loans with a risk rating of “5” are accounted for using the cost-recovery method and no income has been recorded on such loans subsequent to determining that they were impaired. Multifamily Joint Venture |