We have two reportable segments. We have an internal information system that produces performance and asset data for the two segments along service lines.
The “Balance Sheet Investment” segment includes all activities related to direct investment activities (including direct investments in Funds) and the financing thereof.
The “Investment Management” segment includes all activities related to investment management services provided to us and third party funds under management and includes our taxable REIT subsidiary, CTIMCO and its subsidiaries.
The following table details each segment's contribution to our overall profitability and the identified assets attributable to each such segment for the six months ended, and as of, June 30, 2008, respectively (in thousands):
All revenues were generated from external sources within the United States. The “Investment Management” segment earned fees of $3.5 million for management of the “Balance Sheet Investment” segment and was charged $77,000 for inter-segment interest for the six months ended June 30, 2008 which is reflected as offsetting adjustments to other interest income and other interest expense in the inter-segment activities column in the table above.
The following table details each segment's contribution to our overall profitability and the identified assets attributable to each such segment for the six months ended, and as of, June 30, 2007, respectively (in thousands):
All revenues, except for $4.3 million included in interest and related income, were generated from external sources within the United States. The “Investment Management” segment earned fees of $7.8 million for management of the “Balance Sheet Investment” segment and was charged $256,000 for inter-segment interest for the six months ended June 30, 2007 which is reflected as offsetting adjustments to other revenues and other expenses in the inter-segment activities column in the table above.
The following table details each segment's contribution to our overall profitability and the identified assets attributable to each such segment for the three months ended, and as of, June 30, 2008, respectively (in thousands):
All revenues were generated from external sources within the United States. The “Investment Management” segment earned fees of $1.2 million for management of the “Balance Sheet Investment” segment and was charged $29,000 for inter-segment interest for the six months ended June 30, 2007 which is reflected as offsetting adjustments to other revenues and other expenses in the inter-segment activities column in the table above.
The following table details each segment's contribution to our overall profitability and the identified assets attributable to each such segment for the three months ended, and as of, June 30, 2007, respectively (in thousands):
All revenues, except for $4.3 million included in interest and related income, were generated from external sources within the United States. The “Investment Management” segment earned fees of $5.2 million for management of the “Balance Sheet Investment” segment and was charged $147,000 for inter-segment interest for the six months ended June 30, 2007, which is reflected as offsetting adjustments to other revenues and other expenses in the inter-segment activities column in the table above.
On April 27, 2007, we purchased a $20 million subordinated interest in a mortgage from a dealer. Proceeds from the mortgage financing provide for the construction and leasing of an office building in Washington, D.C. that is owned by a joint venture. WRBC has a substantial economic interest in one of the joint venture partners.
WRBC beneficially owned approximately 17.4% of our outstanding class A common stock as of June 30, 2008, and a member of our board of directors is an employee of WRBC.
On March 28, 2008 we announced the closing of our public offering of 4,000,000 shares of our class A common stock. We received net proceeds of approximately $113 million. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated acted as the sole underwriter of the offering. Affiliates of Samuel Zell, our chairman of the board, and WRBC purchased a number of shares in the offering sufficient to maintain their pro rata ownership interests in the company.
During the second quarter of 2008, CTOPI purchased $18.9 million face value of our CDO debt in the open market for $11.3 million.
Affiliates of Samuel Zell own interests in Fund III and CTOPI, two investment management vehicles that we manage and also within which we have ownership interests.
We believe that the terms of the foregoing transactions are no less favorable than could be obtained by us from unrelated parties on an arm’s length basis.
On July 14, 2008, CTOPI held its final closing with $540 million of committed equity.
ITEM 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
References herein to “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Capital Trust, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context specifically requires otherwise.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Historical results set forth are not necessarily indicative of our future financial position and results of operations.
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Our accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Other than the adoption of FAS 157 there have been no material changes to our Critical Accounting Policies described in our annual report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2007.
Our business model is designed to produce a mix of net interest margin from our balance sheet investments and fee income plus co-investment income from our investment management operations. In managing our operations, we focus on originating investments, managing our portfolios and capitalizing our businesses.
During the first half of 2008, the global capital markets continued to experience tremendous volatility and a wide-ranging lack of liquidity. Notwithstanding continuing credit performance in the commercial real estate debt market, the impact of the global credit crisis on our sector has been acute. Transaction volume has declined significantly, credit spreads for all forms of mortgage debt have reached all-time highs and issuance levels of commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, have ground to a virtual halt. Financial institutions still hold significant inventories of unsold loans and CMBS, creating a further overhang on the markets. We believe that the continuing dislocation in the debt capital markets, coupled with a slowdown in the U.S. economy, has already reduced property valuations and will ultimately impact real estate fundamentals. These developments can impact the performance of our existing portfolio of assets.
In response to these conditions, we have continued our cautious approach, choosing to maintain our liquidity and be patient until the markets have settled. We believe that ultimately this environment will create new opportunities in our markets for investors with credit and financial structuring expertise. We believe that our balance sheet and investment management businesses will benefit from a market environment where assets are priced and structured more conservatively and there is less competition among investors.
We allocate investment opportunities between our balance sheet and investment management vehicles based upon our assessment of risk and return profiles, the availability and cost of capital, and applicable regulatory restrictions associated with each opportunity. The combination of balance sheet and investment management capabilities allows us to maximize the scope of opportunities upon which we can capitalize. Notwithstanding the scope of the platform, we decided to continue a defensive posture in light of the continued volatility. The table below summarizes our gross originations and the allocation of opportunities between our balance sheet and the investment management business for the six month period ended June 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007.
Our balance sheet investments include commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, and commercial real estate debt and related instruments, or Loans, which we collectively refer to as our Interest Earning Assets. Originations of Interest Earning Assets for our balance sheet for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007 are detailed in the table below:
Balance Sheet Originations | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | Six months ended June 30, 2008 | | Year ended December 31, 2007 |
| | Originations(1) | | Yield(2) | | LTV / Rating(3) | | Originations(1) | | Yield(2) | | LTV / Rating(3) |
CMBS | | $1 | | 38.69% | | BB+ | | $111 | | 8.92% | | BB- |
Loans(4) | | 47 | | 10.14 | | 56.1% | | 1,343 | | 7.67 | | 64.4% |
Total / Weighted Average | $48 | | 10.73% | | | | $1,454 | | 7.77% | | |
| | |
(1) | Includes total commitments both funded and unfunded. |
(2) | Yield on floating rate originations assumes LIBOR at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, of 2.46% and 4.60%, respectively. |
(3) | Weighted average ratings are based on the lowest rating published by Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s Investors Service for each security and exclude $3.0 million face value ($1.0 million book value ) at June 30, 2008 and $36.4 million face value ($36.4 million book value) at December 31, 2007 of unrated equity investments in collateralized debt obligations. Loan to Value (LTV) is based on third party appraisals received by us when each loan is originated. |
(4) | Includes $0 and $315 million of participations sold recorded on our balance sheet relating to participations that we sold to CT Large Loan, Inc. for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007, respectively. We have included these originations in balance sheet originations and not in investment management originations in order to avoid double counting. |
The table below shows our Interest Earning Assets at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. In any period, the ending balance of Interest Earning Assets will be impacted not only by new balance sheet originations, but also by repayments, advances, sales and losses, if any.
Interest Earning Assets | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
| | Book Value | | Yield(1) | | LTV / Rating(2) | | Book Value | | Yield(1) | | LTV / Rating(2) |
CMBS | | $862 | | 6.91% | | BB | | $877 | | 7.35% | | BB+ |
Loans | | 2,127 | | 5.69 | | 66.5% | | 2,257 | | 7.80 | | 66.5% |
Total / Weighted Average | | $2,989 | | 6.04% | | | | $3,134 | | 7.67% | | |
| | |
(1) | Yield on floating rate Interest Earning Assets assumes LIBOR at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, of 2.46% and 4.60%, respectively. |
(2) | Weighted average ratings are based on the lowest rating published by Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor’s or Moody’s Investors Service for each security and exclude $37.9 million face value ($37.3 million book value) of unrated equity investments in collateralized debt obligations. LTV is based on third party appraisals received by us when each loan is originated. |
In some cases our loan originations are not fully funded at closing, creating an obligation for us to make future fundings, which we refer to as Unfunded Loan Commitments. Typically, Unfunded Loan Commitments are part of construction and transitional loans. At June 30, 2008, our ten Unfunded Loan Commitments were $99 million and, net of in place financing commitments from our lenders, our net Unfunded Loan Commitments were $22 million.
In addition to our investments in Interest Earning Assets, we have two equity investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries as of June 30, 2008. The first is an equity co-investment in a private equity fund that we manage, CT Mezzanine Partners III, Inc., or Fund III. The second is an equity co-investment in a private equity fund, CT Opportunity Partners I, LP, or CTOPI, that we formed in 2007, which we also manage.
The table below details the carrying value of those investments, as well as their capitalized costs.
Equity Investments | | | | | | |
(in thousands) | | June 30, | | December 31, |
| | 2008 | | 2007 |
Fund III | | | $983 | | | | $923 | |
CTOPI | | | (46 | ) | | | (60 | ) |
Capitalized costs/other | | | 37 | | | | 114 | |
Total | | | $974 | | | | $977 | |
We actively manage our balance sheet portfolio and the assets held by our investment management vehicles. While our investments are primarily in the form of debt, which generally means that we have limited influence over the operations of the collateral securing our portfolios, we are aggressive in exercising the rights afforded to us as a lender. These rights can include collateral level budget approvals, lease approvals, loan covenant enforcement, escrow/reserve management/collection, collateral release approvals and other rights that we may negotiate. The table below details balance sheet Interest Earning Assets loss experience for the six months ended June 30, 2008 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2007, and the percentage of non-performing and/or impaired investments at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Portfolio Performance | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Interest Earning Assets | | | $2,989 | | | | $3,134 | |
Losses | | | | | | | | |
$ Value | | | $10 | | | | $0 | |
Percentage | | | 0.3 | % | | | 0.0 | % |
Non-performing/impaired loans | | | | | | | | |
$ Value | | | $62 | (1) | | | $10 | (2) |
Percentage | | | 2.0 | % | | | 0.3 | % |
| | |
(1) | At June 30, 2008, includes one first mortgage loan with a principal balance of $12 million against which we have no reserve and a $123 million mezzanine loan where we have $50 million of economic exposure and against which we have reserved $50 million in the second quarter. Amounts shown above do not include $73 million of the mezzanine loan that we sold to a participant at origination in 2007. |
(2) | At December 31, 2007, includes one second mortgage loan with a principal balance of $10 million against which we had reserved $4 million. |
During the quarter, three loans experienced performance issues: (i) a $10 million second mortgage loan against which we had previously (during the fourth quarter of 2007) reserved $4 million, was deemed unrecoverable and we wrote off the entire $10 million (an additional $6 million charge). Simultaneously, $6 million of financing on the asset was forgiven by our lender; (ii) a $50 million mezzanine loan (recorded as a $123 million loan on our balance sheet with an offsetting $73 million participation sold) that had matured during the first quarter and was extended in order to allow for liquidation of the collateral was reserved against. Management made the decision to record a $50 million reserve against the $123 million asset based upon conclusions reached subsequent to quarter end with respect to the probability of recovery on the loan; and (iii) a $12 million parri passu participation in a first mortgage did not make its contractual interest payment during the first quarter and we have commenced the foreclosure process on the collateral. We have not recorded a reserve against this loan given our expectation for a full recovery of principal. We did not accrue interest on any of these loans in the second quarter and reversed any pre-existing accrual on the $50 million mezzanine loan. Based upon our review of the remainder of the portfolio, we concluded that no additional reserves for possible credit losses were warranted on any of our other loans for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
We actively manage our CMBS investments using a combination of quantitative tools and loan/property level analysis in order to monitor the performance of the securities and their collateral versus our original expectations. Securities are analyzed on a monthly basis for delinquency, transfers to special servicing, and changes to the servicer’s watchlist population. Realized loan losses are tracked on a monthly basis and compared to our original loss expectations. On a periodic basis, individual loans of concern are also re-underwritten. Updated collateral loss projections are then compared to our original loss expectations to determine how each investment is performing. Based on our review of the portfolio, we concluded that no impairments were warranted in the six months ended June 30, 2008. At quarter end, there were significant differences between the estimated fair value and the book value of some of our CMBS investments. We believe these differences to be related to the disruption in the capital markets and the general negative bias toward structured financial products and not reflective of a change in cash flow expectations from these securities.
The ratings performance of our CMBS portfolio over the six months ended June 30, 2008 and the year ended December 31, 2007 is detailed below:
CMBS Rating Activity(1) |
| Six months ended June 30, 2008 | | Year ended December 31, 2007 |
Upgrades | 2 | | 24 |
Downgrades | 6 | | 3 |
| | |
(1) | Represents activity from any of Fitch Ratings, Standard & Poor’s and/or Moody’s Investors Service. |
Two trends in asset performance that we foresee in 2008 are (i) borrowers faced with maturities will have a more difficult time refinancing their properties in light of the volatility and lack of liquidity in the capital markets, and (ii) real estate fundamentals will deteriorate if the U.S. economy continues to slow.
Our balance sheet investment activities are capital intensive and the availability and cost of capital is a critical component of our business. We capitalize our business with a combination of debt and equity. Our debt sources, which we refer to as Interest Bearing Liabilities, currently include repurchase agreements, CDOs, a senior unsecured credit facility, and junior subordinated debentures (which we also refer to as trust preferred securities). Our equity capital is currently comprised entirely of common equity. The table below shows our capitalization mix as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
| | | | | | |
Capital Structure(1) | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Repurchase obligations | | | $801 | | | | $912 | |
Collateralized debt obligations | | | 1,170 | | | | 1,192 | |
Senior unsecured credit facility | | | 100 | | | | 75 | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 129 | | | | 129 | |
Total Interest Bearing Liabilities | | | $2,200 | | | | $2,308 | |
All in cost of debt(2) | | | 3.97 | % | | | 5.66 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Shareholders’ Equity | | | $481 | | | | $408 | |
Ratio of Interest Bearing Liabilities to Shareholders’ Equity | | 4.6:1 | | | 5.7:1 | |
| | |
(1) | Excludes participations sold. |
(2) | Floating rate liabilities assume LIBOR at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, of 2.46% and 4.60%, respectively. |
We use leverage to enhance our returns on equity by attempting to: (i) maximize the differential between the yield of our Interest Earning Assets and the cost of our Interest Bearing Liabilities, and (ii) optimize the amount of leverage employed. The use of leverage, however, adds risk to our business, magnifying our shareholders’ exposure to asset level risk by subordinating our equity interests to our debt capital providers. The level of leverage we utilize is based upon the risk associated with our assets, as well as the structure of our liabilities. In general, we will apply greater amounts of leverage to lower risk assets and vice versa. In addition, structural features of our leverage, such as recourse, collateral mark-to-market provisions and duration, factor into the amounts of leverage we are comfortable applying to our Interest Earning Assets. Our sources of recourse financing generally require financial covenants, including restrictions on corporate guarantees, the maintenance of certain financial ratios (such as specified debt-to-equity and debt service coverage ratios) as well as the maintenance of a minimum net worth.
A summary of selected structural features of our debt as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is detailed in the table below:
Interest Bearing Liabilities | | | | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Weighted average maturity (1) | | 3.9 yrs. | | 4.1 yrs. |
% Recourse | | 46.8% | | 48.1% |
% Mark-to-market | | 36.4% | | 39.5% |
| | |
(1) | Based upon balances as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007. |
Over the past few years, we have used CDOs as one method to finance our business. While we expect to continue to utilize CDOs and other structured products to finance both our balance sheet and our investment management businesses going forward, the current state of the debt capital markets makes it unlikely that, in the near term, we will be able to issue CDO liabilities similar to our existing CDOs. The lack of a CDO or similar structured product market makes us more reliant on other financing options such as our repurchase facilities. Unlike our CDOs, our repurchase facilities are shorter term, mark-to-market, recourse liabilities. Given the additional liquidity risks associated with a portfolio of assets financed with these types of liabilities, we believe that a higher degree of balance sheet liquidity is necessary to manage these liabilities.
Our CDOs are non-recourse, non-mark-to-market, index matched financings that generally carry a lower cost of debt and allow for higher levels of leverage than our other financing sources. During the first six months of 2008, we did not issue any new CDOs for our balance sheet, however, we continued contributing assets to our previously issued reinvesting CDOs, which have reinvestment periods extending through July 2008 for CDO I and April 2010 for CDO II. Our CDO liabilities as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are described below:
Collateralized Debt Obligations | | | |
(in millions) | | | | | June 30, | | | December 31, | |
| | | | | 2008 | | | 2007 | |
| Issuance Date | | Type | | Book Value | | | All in Cost(1) | | | Book Value | | | All in Cost(1) | |
CDO I(2) | 7/20/04 | | Reinvesting | | | $253 | | | | 3.54 | % | | | $253 | | | | 5.67 | % |
CDO II (2) | 3/15/05 | | Reinvesting | | | 299 | | | | 3.19 | | | | 299 | | | | 5.32 | |
CDO III | 8/04/05 | | Static | | | 258 | | | | 5.37 | | | | 261 | | | | 5.37 | |
CDO IV(2) | 3/15/06 | | Static | | | 361 | | | | 3.10 | | | | 379 | | | | 5.11 | |
Total | | | | | | $1,171 | | | | 3.72 | % | | | $1,192 | | | | 5.34 | % |
| | |
(1) | Includes amortization of premiums and issuance costs. |
(2) | Floating rate CDO liabilities assume LIBOR at June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, of 2.46% and 4.60%, respectively. |
Repurchase obligation financings provide us with an important revolving component to our liability structure. Our repurchase agreements provide stand alone financing for certain assets and interim, or warehouse, financing for assets that we plan to contribute to our CDOs. At any point in time, the amounts and the cost of our repurchase borrowings are based upon the assets being financed – higher risk assets will attract lower levels of leverage at higher costs and vice versa. The table below summarizes our repurchase agreement liabilities as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
Repurchase Agreements | | |
($ in millions) | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Repurchase facility amounts | $1,525 | | | $1,600 | |
Counterparties | 4 | | | 5 | |
Outstanding repurchase borrowings | $801 | | | $912 | |
All in cost | L + 1.28% | | | L + 1.20% | |
Our repurchase obligations generally include collateral mark-to-market features. The mark-to-market provisions in our repurchase facilities are designed to keep our lenders’ credit exposure constant as a percentage of the market value of the assets pledged as security to them. As market credit spreads have increased and asset values have declined in 2007 (and this trend has continued in 2008 to date), the gross amount of leverage available to us has been reduced as our assets have been marked-to-market. The impact to date from these marks to market has been a reduction in our liquidity. We believe that we maintain sufficient liquidity on our balance sheet in order to meet margin calls and defend our portfolios. In addition, our repurchase agreements are not term matched financings and mature from time to time. In 2008, we have experienced lower advance rates and higher pricing under these agreements as we negotiate renewals and extensions of these liabilities.
At June 30, 2008, we were party to six master repurchase agreements with four counterparties with total facility amounts of $1.5 billion. At June 30, 2008, we borrowed $762.0 million under these agreements. We were also a party to asset specific repurchase obligations and a secured loan agreement. At June 30, 2008, these asset specific borrowings totaled $38.8 million. Our total borrowings at June 30, 2008 under master repurchase agreements and asset specific arrangements were $800.7 million, and we had the ability to borrow an additional $122.5 million without pledging additional collateral. Loans and CMBS with a carrying value of $1.3 billion are pledged as collateral for our repurchase agreements.
On July 24, 2008, we extended the availability period under our $250 million master repurchase agreement with Citigroup to July 28, 2009. As part of the extension agreement, the repurchase dates for certain outstanding borrowings were extended to July 29, 2010 with the remainder retaining their October 11, 2011 final maturities.
On July 25, 2008, we extended the purchase period of our $300 million master repurchase agreement with Morgan Stanley to July 29, 2009. We also terminated an un-utilized $50 million master repurchase facility with Morgan Stanley which was originally designed to warehouse finance CDO eligible assets.
In March 2007, we closed a $50.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with WestLB AG, which we amended in June 2007, increasing the size to $100 million and adding new lenders to the syndicate. In March 2008, we exercised our term-out option under the agreement, extending the maturity date of the $100 million principal balance outstanding to March 2009 as a non-revolving term loan. The loan bears interest at a cost of LIBOR plus 1.75% (LIBOR plus 2.03% on an all in basis).
The most subordinated components of our debt capital structure are junior subordinated debentures that back trust preferred securities issued to third parties. These securities represent long-term, subordinated, unsecured financing and generally carry limited operational covenants. At June 30, 2008, we had issued $129 million of junior subordinated debentures that back $125 million of trust preferred securities sold to third parties in two separate issuances. On a combined basis, the junior subordinated debentures provide us with financing at a cash cost of 7.20% and an all-in effective rate of 7.30%.
Our capital raising activities included the issuance of common stock in the first quarter of 2008. On March 28, 2008, we issued 4,000,000 shares of class A common stock in a public offering underwritten by Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. Gross proceeds were $28.75 per share and total net proceeds were $113 million. Changes in the number of shares also resulted from option exercises, restricted stock grants and vesting, stock unit grants, and the issuance of shares under our dividend reinvestment plan and direct stock purchase plan.
Shareholders’ Equity | | | | | | |
| | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Book value (in millions) | | $481 | | | $408 | |
Shares | | | | | | |
Class A common stock | | 21,721,929 | | | 17,165,528 | |
Restricted stock | | 385,003 | | | 423,931 | |
Stock units | | 135,964 | | | 94,587 | |
Options(1) | | 31,318 | | | 84,743 | |
Total | | 22,274,214 | | | 17,768,789 | |
Book value per share | | $21.58 | | | $22.97 | |
| | |
(1) | Dilutive shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options assuming a June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 stock price, respectively, and the treasury stock method. |
At June 30, 2008, we had 22,106,932 of our class A common stock and restricted stock outstanding.
Other Balance Sheet Items
Participations sold represent participations in loans that we originated and sold to CT Large Loan 2006, Inc. and third parties. We present these sold interests as both assets and liabilities (in equal amounts) in conformity with GAAP on the basis that these arrangements do not qualify as sales under FAS 140. At June 30, 2008, we had seven such participations sold with a total book balance of $410 million at a weighted average yield of LIBOR plus 3.35% (5.81% at June 30, 2008). The income earned on the loans is recorded as interest income and an identical amount is recorded as interest expense on the consolidated statements of income.
We endeavor to manage a book of assets and liabilities that are generally matched with respect to interest rates, typically financing floating rate assets with floating rate liabilities and fixed rate assets with fixed rate liabilities. In some cases, we finance fixed rate assets with floating rate liabilities and, in those cases, we may use interest rate derivatives, such as swaps, to effectively convert the floating rate debt to fixed rate debt. In such instances, the equity we have invested in fixed rate assets is not typically swapped, leaving a portion of our equity capital exposed to changes in value of the fixed rate assets due to interest rate fluctuations. The balance of our assets earn interest at floating rates and are financed with floating rate liabilities, leaving a portion of our equity capital exposed to cash flow variability from fluctuations in rates. Generally, these assets and liabilities earn interest at rates indexed to one month LIBOR.
The table below details our interest rate exposure as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007:
Interest Rate Exposure | | | |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
Value Exposure to Interest Rates(1) | | | |
Fixed rate assets | | $895 | | | $948 | |
Fixed rate liabilities | | | (400 | ) | | | (403 | ) |
Interest rate swaps | | | (507 | ) | | | (513 | ) |
Net fixed rate exposure | | $(12 | ) | | $32 | |
Weighted average maturity (assets) | | | 7.4 | yrs | | | 7.4 | yrs |
Weighted average coupon (assets) | | | 6.84 | % | | | 7.10 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash Flow Exposure to Interest Rates(1) | | | | | | | | |
Floating rate assets | | $2,127 | | | $2,235 | |
Floating rate debt less cash | | | (2,099 | ) | | | (2,280 | ) |
Interest rate swaps | | | 507 | | | | 513 | |
Net floating rate exposure | | $535 | | | $468 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Net income impact from 100 bps change in LIBOR | | $5.3 | | | $4.7 | |
| | |
(1) | All values are in terms of face or notional amounts. |
Investment Management Overview
In addition to our balance sheet investment activities, we act as an investment manager for third parties. The purpose of our investment management business is to leverage our platform, generating fee revenue from investing third party capital and, in certain instances, co-investment income. Our third party investment management mandates are designed to be complementary to our balance sheet programs and are built around opportunities that we do not pursue directly on balance sheet due to their scale/concentration, risk/return profile and/or regulatory constraints. In some instances, we co-invest in our investment management vehicles (as described below). Our active investment management mandates are described below:
| · | CTOPI is a multi-investor private equity fund designed to invest in commercial real estate debt and equity investments, specifically taking advantage of the current dislocation in the commercial real estate capital markets. Total equity commitments as of June 30, 2008 were $515 million (all immediately available). On July 14, 2008, CTOPI held its final closing with $540 million of equity commitments. We have committed to invest $25 million in the vehicle and entities controlled by our chairman have committed to invest $20 million. The fund’s investment period expires in December 2010, and we earn base management fees as the investment manager to CTOPI (1.59% of available equity commitments during the investment period and of invested capital thereafter). In addition, we earn gross incentive management fees of 20% of profits after a 9% preferred return and a 100% return of capital. |
| · | CT High Grade Partners II, LLC held its initial closing in June 2008 with $667 million of commitments from two institutional investors. The fund targets senior debt opportunities in the commercial real estate debt space and does not employ leverage. We earn a 0.40% management fee on invested capital. |
| · | CT High Grade closed in November 2006, with a single, related party investor committing $250 million. This separate account targets low risk subordinate debt investments and does not utilize leverage and we earn management fees of 0.25% per annum of invested assets. In July 2007, we upsized the account by $100 million to $350 million and extended the investment period to July 2008. |
| · | CT Large Loan closed in May 2006 with total equity commitments of $325 million from eight third party investors. The fund employs leverage (not to exceed a two to one ratio of debt to equity), and we earn management fees of 0.75% per annum of invested assets (capped at 1.5% on invested equity). In April 2007, we extended the investment period of the fund to May 2008. |
| · | CTX Fund is a single investor fund designed to invest in collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs, sponsored, but not issued, by us. We do not earn fees on the CTX Fund, however, we earn CDO management fees from the CDOs in which the CTX Fund invests. We sponsored one such CDO in 2007, a $500 million CDO secured primarily by credit default swaps referencing CMBS. |
| · | Fund III is a co-sponsored vehicle with a joint venture partner that closed in August of 2003, invested from 2003 to 2005 and is currently liquidating in the ordinary course. We have a co-investment in the fund, earn 100% of base management fees and we split incentive management fees with our partner – our partner receives 37.5% of Fund III incentive management fees. |
At June 30, 2008, we managed five private equity funds and one separate account through our wholly-owned, taxable, investment management subsidiary, CT Investment Management Co., LLC, or CTIMCO.
Investment Management Mandates |
| | | | | | | | | Incentive Management Fee |
| Type | | Total Equity Commitments ($ in millions) | | Co-Investment% | | Base Management Fee | | Company % | | Employee % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Investing: | | | | | | | | | | | |
CTOPI | Fund | | $515 | | (1) | | 1.59% (Equity) | | 100%(2)(3) | | 0%(3) |
CT High Grade II | Fund | | 667 | | 0% | | 0.40% (Assets) | | N/A | | N/A |
CT High Grade | Sep. Acct. | | 350 | | 0% | | 0.25% (Assets) | | N/A | | N/A |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Liquidating: | | | | | | | | | | | |
CT Large Loan | Fund | | 325 | | (4) | | 0.75% (Assets) (5) | | N/A | | N/A |
CTX Fund | Fund | | 10(6) | | (4) | | (7) | | 100%(7) | | 0%(7) |
Fund III | Fund | | 425 | | 4.71% | | 1.42% (Equity) | | 57%(8) | | 43%(9) |
| | |
(1) | We have committed to invest $25 million in CTOPI and, with the final closing held July 14, 2008, our investment represents 4.6% of total committed equity capital. |
(2) | CTIMCO earns gross incentive management fees of 20% of profits after a 9% preferred return on capital and a 100% return of capital subject to a catch-up. |
(3) | We have not allocated any of the CTOPI incentive management fee to employees as of June 30, 2008. |
(4) | We co-invest on a pari passu, asset by asset basis with CT Large Loan and CTX Fund. |
(5) | Capped at 1.5% of equity. |
(6) | In 2008, we reduced the total capital commitment in the CTX Fund to $10 million. |
(7) | CTIMCO serves as collateral manager of the CDOs in which the CTX Fund invests and CTIMCO earns base and incentive management fees as CDO collateral manager. At June 30, 2008 we manage one such $500 million CDO and earn base management fees of 0.15% of assets and have the potential to earn incentive management fees. |
(8) | CTIMCO earns gross incentive management fees of 20% of profits after a 10% preferred return on capital and a 100% return of capital, subject to a catch up. |
(9) | Portions of the Fund III incentive management fees received by us have been allocated to our employees as long term performance awards. |
The table below describes the status of our investment management vehicles as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.
Investment Management Snapshot |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 | | December 31, 2007 |
| | | | |
CTOPI | | | | |
Assets | | $217 | | $69 |
Equity commitments(1) | | $515 | | $314 |
Incentive fees collected | | $— | | $— |
Incentive fees projected(2) | | $— | | $— |
Status(3) | | Investing | | Investing |
| | | | |
CT High Grade II | | | | |
Assets | | $40 | | $— |
Equity commitments | | $667 | | $— |
Status | | Investing | | N/A |
| | | | |
CT High Grade | | | | |
Assets | | $305 | | $305 |
Equity | | $305 | | $305 |
Status(3) | | Investing | | Investing |
| | | | |
CT Large Loan | | | | |
Assets | | $325 | | $323 |
Equity | | $129 | | $130 |
Status(4) | | Liquidating | | Investing |
| | | | |
CTX Fund | | | | |
Assets(5) | | $500 | | $500 |
Equity | | $8 | | $7 |
Status(4) | | Liquidating | | Investing |
| | | | |
Fund III | | | | |
Assets | | $49 | | $47 |
Equity | | $16 | | $15 |
Incentive fees collected(6) | | $5.6 | | $5.6 |
Incentive fees projected(2) | | $2.8 | | $2.6 |
Status(4) | | Liquidating | | Liquidating |
| | |
(1) | Assumes all equity commitments are available. At June 30, 2008, all of these commitments were immediately available. On July 14, 2008, CTOPI held its final closing with $540 million of committed equity. |
(2) | Assumes assets were sold and liabilities were settled on July 1, 2008 and January 1, 2008, respectively, at the recorded book value, and the fund’s equity and income was distributed for the respective period ends. |
(3) | CTOPI, CT High Grade II, and CT High Grade investment periods expire in December 2010, June 2009 and July 2008, respectively. |
(4) | Fund III’s investment period ended in June 2005. The CTX Fund’s investment period ended February 2008. CT Large Loan’s investment period expired May 2008. |
(5) | Represents the total notional cash exposure to CTX CDO I collateral. |
(6) | CTIMCO received $5.6 million of incentive fees from Fund III in 2007 of which $372,000 may have to be returned under certain circumstances. Accordingly, we only recorded $5.2 million as revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007. |
We expect to continue to grow our investment management business, sponsoring additional investment management vehicles consistent with the strategy of developing mandates that are complementary to our balance sheet activities.
Comparison of Results of Operations: Three Months Ended June 30, 2008 vs. June 30, 2007 | | | | |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | $ Change | | | % Change | |
Income from loans and other investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and related income | | $ | 49,030 | | | $ | 68,797 | | | $ | (19,767 | ) | | | (28.7 | %) |
Interest and related expenses | | | 32,799 | | | | 40,192 | | | | (7,393 | ) | | | (18.4 | %) |
Income from loans and other investments, net | | | 16,231 | | | | 28,605 | | | | (12,374 | ) | | | (43.3 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Management fees | | | 4,154 | | | | 582 | | | | 3,572 | | | | 613.7 | % |
Incentive management fees | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | N/A | |
Servicing fees | | | 44 | | | | 45 | | | | (1 | ) | | | (2.2 | %) |
Other | | | 638 | | | | 272 | | | | 366 | | | | 134.6 | % |
Total other revenues | | | 4,836 | | | | 899 | | | | 3,937 | | | | 437.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 6,208 | | | | 7,832 | | | | (1,624 | ) | | | (20.7 | %) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 22 | | | | 60 | | | | (38 | ) | | | (63.3 | %) |
Total other expenses | | | 6,230 | | | | 7,892 | | | | (1,662 | ) | | | (21.1 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | | | 6,000 | | | | — | | | | 6,000 | | | | N/A | |
(Provision for)/recovery of losses on loan impairment | | | (56,000 | ) | | | 4,000 | | | | (60,000 | ) | | | (1,500.0 | %) |
Gain on sale of investments | | | 374 | | | | — | | | | 374 | | | | N/A | |
Income/(loss) from equity investments | | | 69 | | | | (230 | ) | | | 299 | | | | (130.0 | %) |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | | | 98 | | | | — | | | | 98 | | | | N/A | |
Net income | | $ | (34,818 | ) | | $ | 25,382 | | | $ | (60,200 | ) | | | (237.2 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per share - diluted | | $ | (1.59 | ) | | $ | 1.43 | | | $ | (3.02 | ) | | | (211.1 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividend per share | | $ | 0.80 | | | $ | 0.80 | | | $ | 0.00 | | | | 0.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average LIBOR | | | 2.59 | % | | | 5.32 | % | | | (2.73 | %) | | | (51.3 | %) |
Income from loans and other investments
A decline in Interest Earning Assets ($100 million or 4% from June 30, 2007 to June 30, 2008), a 51% decrease in average LIBOR, a write off of $776,000 of accrued interest receivable in the second quarter of 2008, and a $4.3 million interest payment in the second quarter of 2007 from the successful resolution of a non performing loan, contributed to an $19.8 million (29%) decrease in interest income between the second quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2008. Lower LIBOR and lower levels of leverage resulted in a $7.4 million, or 18%, decrease in interest expense for the period. On a net basis, net interest income decreased by $12.4 million, or 43%.
Base management fees from our investment management business increased $3.6 million (614%) during the second quarter of 2008 compared with the second quarter of 2007. The increase was attributed primarily to $3.1 million of new fee revenue earned from CTOPI.
Incentive management fees
We did not receive any incentive management fees during the second quarter of 2008 or 2007.
Servicing fees remained flat from the second quarter of 2007 to 2008.
Other revenue increased by $366,000, or 135%, from the second quarter of 2007 to the second quarter of 2008 primarily from investing our higher levels of cash in interest bearing accounts.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses include compensation and benefits for employees, operating expenses and professional fees. Total general and administrative expenses decreased 21% between the second quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2008. The decrease was a result of lower levels of employment costs.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased by $38,000 or 63% between the second quarter of 2007 and the second quarter of 2008 due primarily to the capitalized costs associated with Fund III being fully amortized during the first quarter of 2008.
Gain on extinguishment of debt
$6.0 million of debt forgiveness by a creditor was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of debt. We recorded no such gains for the three months ended June 30, 2007.
(Provision for) recovery of losses
During the second quarter of 2008, we recorded a $50.0 million provision for loss against a loan that we classified as non performing.
During the second quarter of 2008, we also recorded an additional $6.0 million charge on a loan that was classified as non performing at March 31, 2008. The loan was subsequently written off during the second quarter and the $6.0 million liability collateralized by the loan was forgiven by the creditor as described above. The $4.0 million recovery recorded in the second quarter of 2007 related to the successful resolution of a non performing loan.
Gain on sale of investments
At December 31, 2007, we had one CMBS investment that we designated and accounted for on an available-for-sale basis with a face value of $7.7 million. During the second quarter of 2008, the security was sold for a gain of $374,000.
Income/(loss) from equity investments
The income from equity investments in the second quarter of 2008 resulted primarily from our share of operating income at Fund III and CTOPI. The loss from equity investments in the second quarter of 2007 resulted primarily from our portion of operating losses of $325,000 at Bracor offset by $106,000 of income from Fund III. We sold our investment in Bracor during the fourth quarter of 2007.
Income taxes
We did not pay any taxes at the REIT level in either the second quarter of 2007 or 2008. However, CTIMCO, our investment management subsidiary, is a taxable REIT subsidiary and subject to taxes on its earnings. In the second quarter of 2008, CTIMCO recorded operating income before income taxes of $1.1 million, which when combined with GAAP to tax differences and changes in valuation allowances resulted in a provision for income taxes of $98,000. In the second quarter of 2007, CTIMCO recorded an operating loss before income taxes of $1.5 million, resulting in an income tax benefit which was fully reserved.
Net income decreased by $60.2 million from the second quarter of 2007 to the second quarter of 2008. The decrease in net income was primarily attributed to a $60 million increase in provision for losses and a $12.4 million decrease in net interest income, partially offset by a $3.6 million increase in management fees and a $6.0 million gain on the forgiveness of debt. On a diluted per share basis, net (loss) income was ($1.59) and $1.43 in the second quarter of 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Our dividend for the second quarter of 2008 was $0.80 per share, unchanged from the second quarter of 2007.
Comparison of Results of Operations: Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 vs. June 30, 2007 |
(in thousands, except per share data) | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | 2008 | | | 2007 | | | $ Change | | | % Change | |
Income from loans and other investments: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and related income | | $ | 105,585 | | | $ | 126,247 | | | $ | (20,662 | ) | | | (16.4 | %) |
Interest and related expenses | | | 70,743 | | | | 76,293 | | | | (5,550 | ) | | | (7.3 | %) |
Income from loans and other investments, net | | | 34,842 | | | | 49,954 | | | | (15,112 | ) | | | (30.3 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Management fees | | | 6,350 | | | | 1,331 | | | | 5,019 | | | | 377.1 | % |
Incentive management fees | | | — | | | | 962 | | | | (962 | ) | | | (100.0 | %) |
Servicing fees | | | 222 | | | | 112 | | | | 110 | | | | 98.2 | % |
Other | | | 825 | | | | 582 | | | | 243 | | | | 41.8 | % |
Total other revenues | | | 7,397 | | | | 2,987 | | | | 4,410 | | | | 147.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Other expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
General and administrative | | | 13,108 | | | | 14,644 | | | | (1,536 | ) | | | (10.5 | %) |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 127 | | | | 1,388 | | | | (1,261 | ) | | | (90.9 | %) |
Total other expenses | | | 13,235 | | | | 16,032 | | | | (2,797 | ) | | | (17.4 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | | | 6,000 | | | | — | | | | 6,000 | | | | N/A | |
(Provision for)/recovery of losses on loan impairment | | | (56,000 | ) | | | 4,000 | | | | (60,000 | ) | | | (1,500.0 | %) |
Gain on sale of investments | | | 374 | | | | — | | | | 374 | | | | N/A | |
Income/(loss) from equity investments | | | 76 | | | | (933 | ) | | | 1,009 | | | | (108.1 | %) |
(Benefit) provision for income taxes | | | (501 | ) | | | (254 | ) | | | (247 | ) | | | 97.2 | % |
Net income | | $ | (20,045 | ) | | $ | 40,230 | | | $ | (60,275 | ) | | | (149.8 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per share - diluted | | | $(1.01 | ) | | | $2.27 | | | | $(3.28 | ) | | | (144.3 | %) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Dividend per share | | | $1.60 | | | | $1.60 | | | | $0.00 | | | | 0.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Average LIBOR | | | 2.95 | % | | | 5.32 | % | | | (2.37 | %) | | | (44.5 | %) |
Income from loans and other investments
Inter period changes in Interest Earning Assets, a 45% decrease in average LIBOR, a write off of $776,000 of accrued interest receivable in the second quarter of 2008, and a $4.3 million interest payment in the second quarter of 2007 from the successful resolution of a non performing loan, contributed to a $20.7 million (16%) decrease in interest income between the first six months of 2007 and the first six months of 2008. Lower LIBOR and lower levels of leverage resulted in a $5.6 million, or 7%, decrease in interest expense for the period. On a net basis, net interest income decreased by $15.1 million, or 30%.
Base management fees from our investment management business increased $5.0 million (377%) during the first six months of 2008 compared with the first six months of 2007. The increase was attributed primarily to $4.3 million of new fee revenue earned from CTOPI.
Incentive management fees
Incentive management fees from the investment management business decreased by $962,000 as no incentive fee income was recorded in the first six months of 2008 and $962,000 of incentive management fees from CT Mezzanine Partners II LP, or Fund II, were recognized in the first six months of 2007.
Servicing fee income during the first six months of 2008 was $222,000 compared with $112,000 in the first six months of 2007. The 98% increase in servicing fee revenue was a result of recognizing revenue relating to the servicing contracts acquired as part of our purchase of the healthcare origination platform in June 2007.
Other revenue increased by $243,000, or 42%, from the second quarter of 2007 to the second quarter of 2008 primarily from investing our higher levels of cash in interest bearing accounts.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses include compensation and benefits for employees, operating expenses and professional fees. Total general and administrative expenses decreased 11% between the first six months of 2007 and the first six months of 2008. The decrease was a result of lower levels of base employment costs.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization decreased by $1.3 million or 91% between the first six months of 2007 and the first six months of 2008 due primarily to the write off of $1.3 million of capitalized costs related to the liquidation of Fund II in the first quarter of 2007.
Gain on extinguishment of debt
$6.0 million of debt forgiveness by a creditor was recorded as a gain on extinguishment of debt. We recorded no such gains for the six months ended June 30, 2007. We recorded no such gains for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
(Provision for) recovery of losses
During the second quarter of 2008, we recorded a $50.0 million provision for loss against a loan that we classified as non performing.
During the second quarter of 2008, we also recorded an additional $6.0 million charge on one loan that was classified as non performing at March 31, 2008. The loan was subsequently written off during the second quarter and the $6.0 million liability collateralized by the loan was forgiven by the creditor. The $4.0 million recovery recorded in the second quarter of 2007 related to the successful resolution of a non performing loan.
Gain on sale of investments
At December 31, 2007, we had one CMBS investment that we designated and account for on an available-for-sale basis with a face value of $7.7 million. The security earned interest at a weighted average coupon of 8.34% at December 31, 2007. During the second quarter of 2008 the security was sold for a gain of $374,000.
Income/(loss) from equity investments
The income from equity investments in the first six months of 2008 resulted primarily from our share of operating income at Fund III and CTOPI. The loss from equity investments in the first six months of 2007 resulted primarily from the amortization of $384,000 of capitalized costs passed through to us from the general partner of Fund II, our portion of operating losses at Fund II (as it paid incentive management fees during the period) and our portion of operating losses of $484,000 at Bracor. We sold our investment in Bracor during the fourth quarter of 2007.
Income taxes
We did not pay any taxes at the REIT level in either the first six months of 2007 or 2008. However, CTIMCO, our investment management subsidiary, is a taxable REIT subsidiary and subject to taxes on its earnings. In the six months ended June 30, 2008, CTIMCO recorded operating income before income taxes of $398,000, which when combined with GAAP to tax differences and changes in valuation allowances resulted in an income tax benefit of $501,000. In the six months ended June 30, 2007, CTIMCO recorded an operating loss before income taxes of $3.0 million, resulting in an income tax benefit which was fully reserved.
Net income decreased by $60.3 million from the six months ended June 30, 2007 to the six months ended June 30, 2008. The decrease in net income was primarily attributed to a $60 million increase in provision for losses and a $15.1 million decrease in net interest income, partially offset by a $5.0 million increase in management fees and a $6.0 million gain on the forgiveness of debt. On a diluted per share basis, net (loss) income was ($1.01) and $2.27 in the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Our dividends declared for the six months ended June 30, 2008 were $1.60 per share, unchanged from the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We expect to use a significant amount of our available capital resources to invest in new and existing loans and investments for our balance sheet. We intend to continue to employ leverage on our balance sheet to enhance our return on equity. At June 30, 2008, our net liquidity was as follows:
Net Liquidity |
(in millions) | | June 30, 2008 |
Available cash | | $110 | |
Available borrowings | | | 123 | |
Total immediate liquidity | | | 233 | |
Net unfunded commitments(1) | | | (47 | ) |
Net liquidity | | $186 | |
| | |
(1) | Represents gross unfunded commitments of $99 million less respective in place financing commitments from our lenders of $77 million and our commitments ($25 million) to our active investment management funds. |
At June 30, 2008, we had total immediate liquidity of $233 million comprised of $95 million in cash, $15 million in restricted cash and $123 million of immediately available liquidity from our repurchase agreements. Our primary sources of liquidity during the next 12 months are expected to be cash on hand, cash generated from operations, principal and interest payments received on loans and investments, additional borrowings under our repurchase agreements, stock offerings, proceeds from our direct stock purchase plan and dividend reinvestment plan, and other capital raising activities. We believe these sources of capital will be adequate to meet both short term and medium term cash requirements.
We experienced a net increase in cash of $69 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to a net decrease of $1.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2008 was $27 million, compared to cash provided by operating activities of $48 million during the same period of 2007. The change was primarily due to a decrease in net income of $60 million and a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $8 million.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, cash provided by investing activities was $84 million, compared to $648 million used in investing activities during the same period in 2007. The change was primarily due to a decrease in originations of $1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2007, and a decrease in principal repayments of $285 million for the same periods.
For the six months ended June 30, 2008, cash used by financing activities was $42 million, compared to $598 million provided by financing activities during the same period in 2007. The change was primarily due to proceeds from repurchase obligations and the issuance of junior subordinated debentures and activity on other debt in the six months ended June 30, 2007.
Our authorized capital stock consists of 100,000,000 shares of $.01 par value class A common stock, of which 22,106,932 shares were issued and outstanding at June 30, 2008 and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, none of which were outstanding at June 30, 2008.
On January 15, 2008, we issued 53,192 shares of class A common stock under our dividend reinvestment plan. Net proceeds totaled approximately $1.5 million.
On March 4, 2008, we declared a dividend of $0.80 per share of class A common stock applicable to the three-month period ended March 31, 2008, which was paid on April 15, 2008 to shareholders of record on March 31, 2008.
On March 28, 2008, we closed a public offering of 4,000,000 shares of class A common stock. We received net proceeds of approximately $113.0 million. Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated acted as the sole underwriter of the offering.
On April 15, 2008, we issued 28,426 shares of class A common stock under our dividend reinvestment plan. Net proceeds totaled approximately $799,000.
In June 2008, we issued 401,577 shares of class A common stock under our direct stock purchase plan. Net proceeds totaled approximately $10.5 million.
On June 16, 2008, we declared a dividend of $0.80 per share of class A common stock applicable to the three-month period ended June 30, 2008, which was paid on July 16, 2008 to shareholders of record on June 30, 2008.
Repurchase Obligations
At June 30, 2008, we were party to six master repurchase agreements with four counterparties with total facility amounts of $1.5 billion. At June 30, 2008, we borrowed $762 million under these agreements. We were also a party to asset specific repurchase obligations and a secured loan agreement. At June 30, 2008, these asset specific borrowings totaled $39 million. Our total borrowings at June 30, 2008 under master repurchase agreements and asset specific arrangements were $801 million, and we had the ability to borrow an additional $123 million without pledging additional collateral. Loans and CMBS with a carrying value of $1.3 billion are pledged as collateral for our repurchase agreements.
The terms of these agreements are described in Note 7 of the consolidated financial statements and in the capitalization discussion above in this Item 2.
Collateralized Debt Obligations
At June 30, 2008, we had CDOs outstanding from four separate issuances with a total face value of $1.2 billion. Our CDOs are financing vehicles for our assets and, as such, are consolidated on our balance sheet representing the amortized sales price of the securities we sold to third parties. In total, our two reinvesting CDOs provide us with $551.7 million of debt financing at a cash cost of LIBOR plus 0.55% (3.01% at June 30, 2008) and an all-in effective interest rate (including the amortization of issuance costs) of LIBOR plus 0.89% (3.35% at June 30, 2008). Our two static CDOs provide us with $618.9 million of financing with a cash cost of 3.92% and an all-in effective interest rate of 4.05% at June 30, 2008. On a combined basis, our CDOs provide us with $1.2 billion of non-recourse, non-mark-to-market, index matched financing at a weighted average cash cost of 0.53% over the applicable indices (3.49% at June 30, 2008) and a weighted average all in cost of 0.75% over the applicable indices (3.72% at June 30, 2008).Additional liquidity will be generated when assets that are currently pledged under repurchase obligations are contributed to our reinvesting CDOs as the difference between the repurchase price under our repurchase agreements is generally less than the leverage available to us in our CDOs. At June 30, 2008, we had additional liquidity of $15 million in our CDOs in the form of restricted cash.
Senior Unsecured Credit Facility
In March 2007, we closed a $50.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility with WestLB AG, which we amended in June 2007, increasing the size to $100.0 million and adding new lenders to the syndicate. In March 2008, we exercised our term-out option under the agreement, extending the maturity date of the $100 million principal balance outstanding to March 2009 as a non revolving term loan. The loan bears interest at a cost of LIBOR plus 1.75% (LIBOR plus 2.03% on an all in basis).
Junior Subordinated Debentures
At June 30, 2008, we had a total of $129 million of junior subordinated debentures outstanding (securing $125 million of trust preferred securities sold to third parties). Junior subordinated debentures are comprised of two issuances of debentures, $77 million of debentures (securing $75 million of trust preferred securities) issued in March 2007 and $52 million of debentures (securing $50 million of trust preferred securities) issued in 2006. On a combined basis the securities provide us with $125 million of financing at a cash cost of 7.20% and an all-in effective rate of 7.30%.
The following table sets forth information about certain of our contractual obligations as of June 30, 2008:
Contractual Obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Payments due by period | |
| | Total | | | Less than 1 year | | | 1-3 years | | | 3-5 years | | | More than 5 years | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term debt obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase obligations | | $ | 801 | | | $ | 662 | | | $ | 91 | | | $ | 48 | | | $ | — | |
Collateralized debt obligations | | | 1,169 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,169 | |
Participations sold | | | 410 | | | | 73 | | | | — | | | | 337 | | | | — | |
Senior unsecured credit facility | | | 100 | | | | 100 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Junior subordinated debentures | | | 129 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 129 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total long-term debt obligations | | | 2,609 | | | | 835 | | | | 91 | | | | 385 | | | | 1,298 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unfunded commitments | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | | 99 | | | | 1 | | | | 32 | | | | 66 | | | | — | |
Equity investments | | | 25 | | | | — | | | | 25 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total unfunded commitments | | | 124 | | | | 1 | | | | 57 | | | | 66 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating lease obligations | | | 15 | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | 3 | | | | 8 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 2,748 | | | $ | 837 | | | $ | 151 | | | $ | 454 | | | $ | 1,306 | |
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements.
Impact of Inflation
Our operating results depend in part on the difference between the interest income earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense incurred in connection with our interest-bearing liabilities. Changes in the general level of interest rates prevailing in the economy in response to changes in the rate of inflation or otherwise can affect our income by affecting the absolute yield on our assets, as well as potentially impacting the spread between our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as, among other things, the value of our interest-earning assets and the average life of our interest-earning assets. Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We employ a hedging strategy to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations, including engaging in interest rate swaps in order to better match the cost of our liabilities with the yield of our assets. There can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks or that we will ultimately realize an economic benefit from any hedging contract into which we enter.
Note on Forward-Looking Statements
Except for historical information contained herein, this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Section 21E of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which involve certain risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are included with respect to, among other things, our current business plan, business and investment strategy and portfolio management. These forward-looking statements are identified by their use of such terms and phrases as "intends," "intend," "intended," "goal," "estimate," "estimates," "expects," "expect," "expected," "project," "projected," "projections," "plans," "anticipates," "anticipated," "should," "designed to," "foreseeable future," "believe," "believes" and "scheduled" and similar expressions. Our actual results or outcomes may differ materially from those anticipated. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statement was made. We assume no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Important factors that we believe might cause actual results to differ from any results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements are discussed in the cautionary statements contained in Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 10-Q, which are incorporated herein by reference. In assessing forward-looking statements contained herein, readers are urged to read carefully all cautionary statements contained in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
The principal objective of our asset/liability management activities is to maximize net interest income, while managing levels of interest rate risk. Net interest income and interest expense are subject to the risk of interest rate fluctuations. In certain instances, to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in interest rates, we use interest rate swaps to effectively convert variable rate liabilities to fixed rate liabilities for proper matching with fixed rate assets. The swap agreements are generally held-to-maturity, and we do not use interest rate derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. The differential to be paid or received on these agreements is recognized as an adjustment to the interest expense related to debt and is recognized on the accrual basis.
As of June 30, 2008, a 100 basis point change in LIBOR would impact our net income by approximately $5.3 million.
Credit Risk
Our loans and investments, including our fund investments, are also subject to credit risk. The ultimate performance and value of our loans and investments depends upon the owner’s ability to operate the properties that serve as our collateral so that they produce cash flows adequate to pay interest and principal due us. To monitor this risk, our asset management team continuously reviews the investment portfolio and in certain instances is in constant contact with our borrowers, monitoring performance of the collateral and enforcing our rights as necessary.
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates and credit spreads at June 30, 2008. For financial assets and debt obligations, the table presents cash flows (in the cases of CMBS and Loans) to the expected maturity and weighted average interest rates. For interest rate swaps, the table presents notional amounts and weighted average fixed pay and variable receive interest rates by contractual maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual cash flows to be exchanged under the contract. Weighted average variable rates are based on rates in effect as of the reporting date.
| Expected Maturity Dates |
| 2008 | | 2009 | | 2010 | | 2011 | | 2012 | | Thereafter | | Total | | Fair Value |
| (dollars in thousands) |
Assets: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CMBS | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate | $43,679 | | $5,842 | | $12,902 | | $71,035 | | $192,556 | | $395,930 | | $721,944 | | $621,299 |
Avg Int Rate | 6.36% | | 7.61% | | 7.23% | | 7.62% | | 7.16% | | 6.28% | | 6.68% | | |
Variable Rate | $3,116 | | $41,090 | | $83,164 | | $1,975 | | $5,840 | | $39,689 | | $174,874 | | $127,910 |
Avg Int Rate | 3.62% | | 4.66% | | 5.80% | | 4.46% | | 6.01% | | 8.37% | | 6.07% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Loans | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate | $875 | | $1,842 | | $1,997 | | $40,989 | | $2,124 | | $122,853 | | $170,680 | | $177,241 |
Avg Int Rate | 8.26% | | 8.27% | | 8.23% | | 8.47% | | 7.76% | | 7.16% | | 7.51% | | |
Variable Rate | $22,966 | | $105,605 | | $168,837 | | $824,084 | | $829,182 | | $13,000 | | $1,963,674 | | $1,888,115 |
Avg Int Rate | 6.58% | | 6.26% | | 5.35% | | 5.18% | | 5.56% | | 4.42% | | 5.42% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest rate swaps | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notional Amounts | $23,225 | | $48,733 | | $13,383 | | $46,400 | | $81,887 | | $293,489 | | $507,117 | | $(16,921) |
Avg Fixed Pay Rate | 5.08% | | 4.77% | | 5.06% | | 4.65% | | 4.98% | | 5.01% | | 4.95% | | |
Avg Variable Receive Rate | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | 2.46% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Repurchase obligations | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable Rate | $559,209 | | $153,171 | | $40,448 | | $29,900 | | — | | $18,014 | | $800,742 | | $800,742 |
Avg Int Rate | 3.38% | | 3.66% | | 3.74% | | 3.74% | | — | | 3.96% | | 3.48% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CDOs | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate | $3,361 | | $3,042 | | $5,484 | | $41,593 | | $68,965 | | $148,272 | | $270,717 | | $213,575 |
Avg Int Rate | 5.40% | | 6.22% | | 5.19% | | 5.10% | | 5.16% | | 5.42% | | 5.31% | | |
Variable Rate | $19,281 | | $268,532 | | $49,443 | | $155,101 | | $196,410 | | $209,395 | | $898,162 | | $682,059 |
Avg Int Rate | 2.82% | | 2.91% | | 3.63% | | 2.76% | | 2.84% | | 3.07% | | 2.94% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Senior unsecured credit facility | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate | — | | $100,000 | | — | | — | | — | | — | | $100,000 | | $95,972 |
Avg Int Rate | — | | 4.21% | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 4.21% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Junior subordinated debt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Fixed Rate | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | $128,875 | | $128,875 | | $83,092 |
Avg Int Rate | — | | — | | — | | — | | — | | 7.20% | | 7.20% | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Participations sold | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Variable Rate | — | | $73,364 | | — | | $91,465 | | $245,155 | | — | | $409,984 | | $370,879 |
Avg Int Rate | — | | 6.21% | | — | | 4.33% | | 6.29% | | — | | 5.84% | | |
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based upon this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms and (b) include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Controls
There have been no significant changes in our "internal control over financial reporting" (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this quarterly report that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
None
In addition to the other information discussed in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, please consider the risk factors provided in our updated risk factors attached as Exhibit 99.1, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results.
Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results.
ITEM 2: | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
None.
ITEM 3: | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |
None.
ITEM 4: | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
At the 2008 annual meeting of our shareholders held on June 5, 2008, shareholders considered and voted upon:
1. A proposal to elect nine directors (identified in the table below) to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until such directors’ successors are duly elected and qualify (“Proposal 1”); and
2. A proposal to ratify the appointment of Ernst & Young LLP as our independent auditors for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008 (“Proposal 2”).
The following table sets forth the number of votes in favor, the number of votes opposed, the number of abstentions (or votes withheld in the case of the election of directors) and broker non-votes with respect to each of the foregoing proposals.
Proposal | Votes in Favor | Votes Opposed | Abstentions (Withheld) | Broker Non-Votes |
Proposal 1 | | | | |
Samuel Zell | 16,535,964 | – | 136,911 | – |
Thomas E. Dobrowski | 16,561,784 | – | 111,091 | – |
Martin L. Edelman | 16,414,257 | – | 258,618 | – |
Craig M. Hatkoff | 16,553,574 | – | 119,301 | – |
Edward S. Hyman | 16,560,172 | – | 112,703 | – |
John R. Klopp | 16,560,512 | – | 112,363 | – |
Henry N. Nassau | 16,561,909 | – | 110,966 | – |
Joshua A. Polan | 16,548,886 | – | 123,989 | – |
Lynne B. Sagalyn | 16,605,600 | – | 67,275 | – |
| | | | |
Proposal 2 | 16,597,114 | 20,899 | 54,862 | |
ITEM 5: | Other Information |
None.
· | 10.1 | Amendment No. 2, dated as of June 30, 2008, to Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement, by and among Capital Trust, Inc., CT BSI Funding Corp. and Bear, Stearns International Limited. |
· | 10.2 | Amendment No. 2, dated as of June 30, 2008, to Amended and Restated Master Repurchase Agreement, by and among Capital Trust, Inc., CT BSI Funding Corp. and Bear, Stearns Funding, Inc. |
· | 31.1 | Certification of John R. Klopp, Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
· | 31.2 | Certification of Geoffrey G. Jervis, Chief Financial Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
· | 32.1 | Certification of John R. Klopp, Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
· | 32.2 | Certification of Geoffrey G. Jervis, Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
· | 99.1 | Updated Risk Factors from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on March 4, 2008 with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| | | | | |
| · | Filed herewith |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| CAPITAL TRUST, INC. | |
| | |
| | |
July 29, 2008 | /s/ John R. Klopp | |
Date | John R. Klopp | |
| Chief Executive Officer | |
| | |
| | |
July 29, 2008 | /s/ Geoffrey G. Jervis | |
Date | Geoffrey G. Jervis | |
| Chief Financial Officer | |