UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2011
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-31574
AMERIGROUP Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
Delaware | | 54-1739323 |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
| |
4425 Corporation Lane, Virginia Beach, VA | | 23462 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(757) 490-6900
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| | | | | | |
Large accelerated filer | | x | | Accelerated filer | | ¨ |
| | | |
Non-accelerated filer | | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | | Smaller reporting company | | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
As of October 31, 2011, there were 47,836,385 shares outstanding of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share.
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLEOF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Current assets: | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 638,481 | | | $ | 763,946 | |
Short-term investments | | | 178,344 | | | | 230,007 | |
Premium receivables | | | 133,136 | | | | 83,203 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 29,402 | | | | 28,063 | |
Provider and other receivables | | | 30,644 | | | | 32,861 | |
Prepaid expenses | | | 27,082 | | | | 13,538 | |
Other current assets | | | 16,537 | | | | 7,083 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current assets | | | 1,053,626 | | | | 1,158,701 | |
Long-term investments | | | 905,672 | | | | 639,165 | |
Investments on deposit for licensure | | | 125,632 | | | | 114,839 | |
Property, equipment and software, net of accumulated depreciation of $195,623 and $174,683 at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively | | | 101,724 | | | | 96,967 | |
Other long-term assets | | | 12,299 | | | | 13,220 | |
Goodwill | | | 260,496 | | | | 260,496 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 2,459,449 | | | $ | 2,283,388 | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Current liabilities: | | | | | | | | |
Claims payable | | $ | 544,526 | | | $ | 510,675 | |
Unearned revenue | | | 111,375 | | | | 103,067 | |
Accrued payroll and related liabilities | | | 55,384 | | | | 71,253 | |
Contractual refunds payable | | | 90,813 | | | | 44,563 | |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other | | | 132,474 | | | | 121,283 | |
Current portion of long-term convertible debt | | | 254,155 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total current liabilities | | | 1,188,727 | | | | 850,841 | |
Long-term convertible debt | | | — | | | | 245,750 | |
Deferred income taxes | | | 12,001 | | | | 7,393 | |
Other long-term liabilities | | | 12,562 | | | | 13,767 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 1,213,290 | | | | 1,117,751 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholders’ equity: | | | | | | | | |
Common stock, $0.01 par value. Authorized 100,000,000 shares; outstanding 46,767,723 and 48,167,229 at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively | | | 568 | | | | 554 | |
Additional paid-in capital | | | 616,830 | | | | 543,611 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 5,909 | | | | 627 | |
Retained earnings | | | 1,026,848 | | | | 864,003 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 1,650,155 | | | | 1,408,795 | |
Less treasury stock at cost (10,763,086 and 7,759,234 shares at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively) | | | (403,996 | ) | | | (243,158 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total stockholders’ equity | | | 1,246,159 | | | | 1,165,637 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | | $ | 2,459,449 | | | $ | 2,283,388 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premium | | $ | 1,600,502 | | | $ | 1,489,884 | | | $ | 4,659,730 | | | $ | 4,285,530 | |
Investment income and other | | | 4,149 | | | | 5,020 | | | | 12,270 | | | | 18,536 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 1,604,651 | | | | 1,494,904 | | | | 4,672,000 | | | | 4,304,066 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Health benefits | | | 1,342,648 | | | | 1,199,706 | | | | 3,881,370 | | | | 3,517,723 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 130,785 | | | | 106,815 | | | | 369,533 | | | | 332,427 | |
Premium tax | | | 41,188 | | | | 40,317 | | | | 122,075 | | | | 104,961 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 9,322 | | | | 8,737 | | | | 27,744 | | | | 26,352 | |
Interest | | | 4,194 | | | | 3,991 | | | | 12,543 | | | | 12,000 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 1,528,137 | | | | 1,359,566 | | | | 4,413,265 | | | | 3,993,463 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 76,514 | | | | 135,338 | | | | 258,735 | | | | 310,603 | |
Income tax expense | | | 28,440 | | | | 50,990 | | | | 95,890 | | | | 116,860 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 48,074 | | | $ | 84,348 | | | $ | 162,845 | | | $ | 193,743 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 1.01 | | | $ | 1.72 | | | $ | 3.39 | | | $ | 3.88 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | | | 47,643,648 | | | | 49,083,164 | | | | 48,107,159 | | | | 49,971,559 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.96 | | | $ | 1.68 | | | $ | 3.14 | | | $ | 3.81 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding | | | 50,253,757 | | | | 50,197,740 | | | | 51,850,978 | | | | 50,895,807 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTOF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Common Stock | | | Additional Paid-in Capital | | | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | | | Retained Earnings | | | Treasury Stock | | | Total Stockholders’ Equity | |
| | Shares | | | Amount | | | | | | Shares | | | Amount | | |
Balances at December 31, 2010 | | | 48,167,229 | | | $ | 554 | | | $ | 543,611 | | | $ | 627 | | | $ | 864,003 | | | | 7,759,234 | | | $ | (243,158 | ) | | $ | 1,165,637 | |
Common stock issued upon exercise of stock options,vesting of restricted stock grants and purchases under the employee stock purchase plan | | | 1,604,346 | | | | 14 | | | | 43,119 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 43,133 | |
Compensation expense related to share-based payments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,743 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,743 | |
Tax benefit related to share-based payments | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,357 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,357 | |
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes | | | (55,040 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 55,040 | | | | (3,621 | ) | | | (3,621 | ) |
Common stock repurchases | | | (2,948,812 | ) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,948,812 | | | | (157,217 | ) | | | (157,217 | ) |
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,282 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,282 | |
Net income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 162,845 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 162,845 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balances at September 30, 2011 | | | 46,767,723 | | | $ | 568 | | | $ | 616,830 | | | $ | 5,909 | | | $ | 1,026,848 | | | | 10,763,086 | | | $ | (403,996 | ) | | $ | 1,246,159 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTSOF CASH FLOWS
(Dollars in thousands)
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Cash flows from operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 162,845 | | | $ | 193,743 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | | | | | | | | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 27,744 | | | | 26,352 | |
Loss on disposal or abandonment of property, equipment and software | | | 410 | | | | 17 | |
Deferred tax expense (benefit) | | | 29 | | | | (1,222 | ) |
Compensation expense related to share-based payments | | | 16,743 | | | | 14,594 | |
Convertible debt non-cash interest | | | 8,523 | | | | 7,984 | |
Gain on sale of intangible assets | | | — | | | | (4,000 | ) |
Other | | | 11,165 | | | | 6,772 | |
Changes in assets and liabilities (decreasing) increasing cash flows from operations: | | | | | | | | |
Premium receivables | | | (49,933 | ) | | | (39,177 | ) |
Prepaid expenses, provider and other receivables and other current assets | | | (15,456 | ) | | | (8,144 | ) |
Other assets | | | (1,413 | ) | | | (396 | ) |
Claims payable | | | 33,851 | | | | (7,216 | ) |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, contractual refunds payable and other current liabilities | | | 41,721 | | | | 73,732 | |
Unearned revenue | | | 8,308 | | | | (59,999 | ) |
Other long-term liabilities | | | (1,205 | ) | | | (533 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by operating activities | | | 243,332 | | | | 202,507 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Proceeds from sale of trading securities | | | — | | | | 12,000 | |
Proceeds from sale or call of available-for-sale securities | | | 734,486 | | | | 690,740 | |
Purchase of available-for-sale securities | | | (952,312 | ) | | | (818,544 | ) |
Proceeds from redemption of investments on deposit for licensure | | | 111,432 | | | | 58,487 | |
Purchase of investments on deposit for licensure | | | (121,941 | ) | | | (66,073 | ) |
Purchase of property, equipment and software | | | (31,545 | ) | | | (19,397 | ) |
Proceeds from sale of intangible assets | | | — | | | | 4,000 | |
Purchase of contract rights and related assets | | | — | | | | (13,420 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in investing activities | | | (259,880 | ) | | | (152,207 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities: | | | | | | | | |
Repayment of convertible notes principal | | | (120 | ) | | | — | |
Payment of conversion premium on converted notes | | | (82 | ) | | | — | |
Proceeds from convertible notes hedge instruments | | | 82 | | | | — | |
Net (decrease) increase in bank overdrafts | | | (11,291 | ) | | | 33,870 | |
Customer funds administered | | | 3,164 | | | | (424 | ) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases | | | 43,133 | | | | 15,968 | |
Repurchase of common stock shares | | | (157,217 | ) | | | (114,135 | ) |
Tax benefit (expense) related to share-based payments | | | 13,414 | | | | (919 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net cash used in financing activities | | | (108,917 | ) | | | (65,640 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | | | (125,465 | ) | | | (15,340 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | | | 763,946 | | | | 505,915 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | | $ | 638,481 | | | $ | 490,575 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash information: | | | | | | | | |
Employee stock relinquished for payment of taxes | | $ | (3,621 | ) | | $ | (1,714 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | | $ | 5,282 | | | $ | 2,777 | |
| | | | | | | | |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
1. Interim Financial Reporting
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 2011 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 of AMERIGROUP Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) are unaudited and reflect all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2011 and operating results for the interim periods ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. The December 31, 2010 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto and management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2011. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year ending December 31, 2011.
2. Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted net income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus other potentially dilutive securities. Restricted shares and restricted share units subject to performance and/or market conditions are only included in the calculation of diluted net income per common share if all of the necessary performance and/or market conditions have been satisfied assuming the current reporting period were the end of the performance period and the impact is not anti-dilutive. All potential dilutive securities are determined by applying the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the calculations of basic and diluted net income per share:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Basic net income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 48,074 | | | $ | 84,348 | | | $ | 162,845 | | | $ | 193,743 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | | | 47,643,648 | | | | 49,083,164 | | | | 48,107,159 | | | | 49,971,559 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic net income per share | | $ | 1.01 | | | $ | 1.72 | | | $ | 3.39 | | | $ | 3.88 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 48,074 | | | $ | 84,348 | | | $ | 162,845 | | | $ | 193,743 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding | | | 47,643,648 | | | | 49,083,164 | | | | 48,107,159 | | | | 49,971,559 | |
Dilutive effect of stock options and non-vested stock awards | | | 1,400,337 | | | | 1,114,576 | | | | 1,668,364 | | | | 924,248 | |
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes | | | 1,209,772 | | | | — | | | | 1,629,832 | | | | — | |
Dilutive effect of warrants | | | — | | | | — | | | | 445,623 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Weighted average number of common shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding | | | 50,253,757 | | | | 50,197,740 | | | | 51,850,978 | | | | 50,895,807 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.96 | | | $ | 1.68 | | | $ | 3.14 | | | $ | 3.81 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
7
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Potential common stock equivalents representing 76,645 shares and 43,577 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive. Potential common stock equivalents representing 818,509 shares and 1,206,596 shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.
The shares issuable upon conversion of the Company’s 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes (the “2.0% Convertible Senior Notes”) (See Note 9) were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.
The Company’s warrants to purchase shares of its common stock (See Note 9) were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.
3. Recent Accounting Standards
Goodwill
In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance related to evaluating goodwill for impairment. The new guidance provides entities with the option to perform a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount before applying the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test. If an entity concludes that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it would not be required to perform the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test. Entities also have the option to bypass the assessment of qualitative factors for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the quantitative two-step goodwill impairment test, as was required prior to the issuance of this new guidance. An entity may begin or resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this new guidance will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Federal Premium-Based Assessment
In July 2011, the FASB issued new guidance related to accounting for the fees to be paid by health insurers to the federal government under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act (the “Affordable Care Act”). The Affordable Care Act imposes an annual fee on health insurers for each calendar year beginning on or after January 1, 2014 that is allocated to health insurers based on the ratio of the amount of an entity’s net premium revenues written during the preceding calendar year to the amount of health insurance for any U.S. health risk that is written during the preceding calendar year. The new guidance specifies that the liability for the fee should be estimated and recorded in full once the entity provides qualifying health insurance in the applicable calendar year in which the fee is payable with a corresponding deferred cost that is amortized to expense using a straight-line method of allocation unless another method better allocates the fee over the calendar year that it is payable. The new guidance is effective for calendar years beginning after December 31, 2013, when the fee initially becomes effective. As enacted, this federal premium-based assessment is non-deductible for income tax purposes and is anticipated to be significant. It is yet undetermined how this premium-based assessment will be factored into the calculation of the Company’s premium rates, if at all. Accordingly, adoption of this guidance and the enactment of this assessment as currently written could have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
8
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Comprehensive Income
In June 2011, the FASB issued new guidance related to the presentation of other comprehensive income. The new guidance provides entities with an option to either replace the income statement with a statement of comprehensive income which would display both the components of net income and comprehensive income in a combined statement, or to present a separate statement of comprehensive income immediately following the income statement. The new guidance does not affect the components of other comprehensive income or the calculation of earnings per share. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The new guidance is to be applied retrospectively with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this new guidance in 2012 will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Fair Value
In May 2011, the FASB issued new guidance related to fair value measurement and disclosure. The new guidance is a result of joint efforts by the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board to develop a single converged fair value framework. The new guidance expands existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and makes other amendments, mostly to eliminate wording differences between U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and international financial reporting standards. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011. The new guidance is to be applied prospectively and early adoption is not permitted. The adoption of this new guidance in 2012 will not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
4. Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments:
Cash, premium receivables, provider and other receivables, prepaid expenses, other current assets, cash surrender value of life insurance (included in other long-term assets), claims payable, unearned revenue, accrued payroll and related liabilities, contractual refunds payable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and deferred compensation (included in other long-term liabilities): The fair value of these financial instruments, except cash surrender value of life insurance and deferred compensation, approximates the historical cost because of the short maturity of these items. Cash surrender value of life insurance and deferred compensation are carried at the fair value of the underlying assets due to the nature of the life insurance policies and deferred compensation plan.
Cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments (other than auction rate securities and certificates of deposit), investments on deposit for licensure and long-term convertible debt:Fair value for these items is determined based upon quoted market prices.
Auction rate securities and certificates of deposit:Fair value is determined based upon discounted cash flow analyses.
Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are categorized based upon a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:
Level 1 — Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets: The Company’s Level 1 securities consist of debt securities of government sponsored entities, equity index funds, federally insured
9
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
corporate bonds, money market funds and U.S. Treasury securities. Level 1 securities are classified as cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and investments on deposit for licensure in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These securities are actively traded and therefore the fair value for these securities is based on quoted market prices on one or more securities exchanges.
Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable: The Company's Level 2 securities consist of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds and municipal bonds and are classified as cash equivalents, short-term investments, long-term investments and investments on deposit for licensure in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company's investments in securities classified as Level 2 are traded frequently though not necessarily daily. Fair value for these securities, except certificates of deposit, is determined using a market approach based on quoted prices for similar securities in active markets or quoted prices for identical securities in inactive markets. Fair value of certificates of deposit is determined using a discounted cash flow model comparing the stated rates of the certificates of deposit to current market interest rates for similar instruments.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions: The Company's Level 3 securities consist of auction rate securities issued by student loan corporations established by various state governments. The auction events for these securities failed during early 2008 and have not resumed. Therefore, the estimated fair values of these securities have been determined utilizing an income approach, specifically discounted cash flow analyses. These analyses consider among other items, the creditworthiness of the issuer, the timing of the expected future cash flows, including the final maturity associated with the securities, and an assumption of when the next time the security is expected to have a successful auction. These securities were also compared, when possible, to other observable and relevant market data. As the timing of future successful auctions, if any, cannot be predicted, auction rate securities are classified as long-term investments in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company has not elected to apply the fair value option available under current guidance for any financial assets and liabilities that are not required to be measured at fair value. Transfers between levels, as a result of changes in the inputs used to determine fair value, are recognized as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the transfer occurs. There were no transfers between levels for the periods ended September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010.
10
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Assets
The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2011 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | |
| | Fair Value of Cash Equivalents | | | Fair Value of Available-for- Sale Securities | | | Total Fair Value | | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,944 | | | $ | 14,944 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 14,944 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 127,151 | | | | 7,003 | | | | 134,154 | | | | — | | | | 134,154 | | | | — | |
Commercial paper | | | 9,500 | | | | 22,000 | | | | 31,500 | | | | — | | | | 31,500 | | | | — | |
Corporate bonds | | | — | | | | 440,240 | | | | 440,240 | | | | — | | | | 440,240 | | | | — | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | 2,125 | | | | 304,800 | | | | 306,925 | | | | 306,925 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Equity index funds | | | — | | | | 29,666 | | | | 29,666 | | | | 29,666 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Federally insured corporate bonds | | | — | | | | 21,095 | | | | 21,095 | | | | 21,095 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Money market funds | | | 484,223 | | | | 14,879 | | | | 499,102 | | | | 499,102 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Municipal bonds | | | — | | | | 320,607 | | | | 320,607 | | | | — | | | | 320,607 | | | | — | |
U.S. Treasury securities | | | — | | | | 34,414 | | | | 34,414 | | | | 34,414 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets measured at fair value | | $ | 622,999 | | | $ | 1,209,648 | | | $ | 1,832,647 | | | $ | 891,202 | | | $ | 926,501 | | | $ | 14,944 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2010 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using | |
| | Fair Value of Cash Equivalents | | | Fair Value of Available-for- Sale Securities | | | Total Fair Value | | | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | | | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | | | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,293 | | | $ | 21,293 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 21,293 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 137,215 | | | | 13,651 | | | | 150,866 | | | | — | | | | 150,866 | | | | — | |
Commercial paper | | | 34,742 | | | | 14,793 | | | | 49,535 | | | | — | | | | 49,535 | | | | — | |
Corporate bonds | | | 1,002 | | | | 237,916 | | | | 238,918 | | | | — | | | | 238,918 | | | | — | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | — | | | | 332,051 | | | | 332,051 | | | | 332,051 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Federally insured corporate bonds | | | — | | | | 21,454 | | | | 21,454 | | | | 21,454 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Money market funds | | | 564,112 | | | | 20,315 | | | | 584,427 | | | | 584,427 | | | | — | | | | — | |
Municipal bonds | | | 3,764 | | | | 300,817 | | | | 304,581 | | | | — | | | | 304,581 | | | | — | |
U.S. Treasury securities | | | 1,000 | | | | 21,721 | | | | 22,721 | | | | 22,721 | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets measured at fair value | | $ | 741,835 | | | $ | 984,011 | | | $ | 1,725,846 | | | $ | 960,653 | | | $ | 743,900 | | | $ | 21,293 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
11
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
The following table presents the changes in the Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Balance at beginning of period | | $ | 15,672 | | | $ | 31,044 | | | $ | 21,293 | | | $ | 58,003 | |
Total net realized loss included in investment income and other | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (290 | ) |
Total net unrealized (loss) gain included in other comprehensive income | | | (178 | ) | | | 918 | | | | 101 | | | | 2,459 | |
Sales | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (12,000 | ) |
Calls by issuers | | | (550 | ) | | | (4,400 | ) | | | (6,450 | ) | | | (20,610 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance at end of period | | $ | 14,944 | | | $ | 27,562 | | | $ | 14,944 | | | $ | 27,562 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, proceeds from the sale or call of certain investments in auction rate securities, the net realized gains and the amount of prior period net unrealized losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income on a specific-identification basis were as follows (excludes the impact of the forward contract discussed below):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Proceeds from sale or call of auction rate securities | | $ | 550 | | | $ | 4,400 | | | $ | 6,450 | | | $ | 32,610 | |
Total net realized gain included in investment income and other | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 875 | |
Net unrealized loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, included in realized gain above | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (290 | ) |
During the fourth quarter of 2008, the Company entered into a forward contract with a registered broker-dealer, at no cost, which provided the Company with the ability to sell certain auction rate securities to the registered broker-dealer at par within a defined timeframe, beginning June 30, 2010. These securities were classified as trading securities because the Company did not intend to hold these securities until final maturity. Trading securities are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The value of the forward contract was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis taking into consideration the creditworthiness of the counterparty to the agreement. The forward contract was included in other long-term assets. As of June 30, 2010, all of the remaining trading securities under the terms of this forward contract were repurchased by the broker-dealer; therefore, the forward contract expired and a realized loss of $1,165 was recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2010, which was largely offset by recovery of the related auction rate securities at par.
Liabilities
The 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes are carried at cost plus the value of the accrued discount in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, or $254,155 and $245,750 as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes is determined based upon a quoted market price. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the fair value of the borrowings under the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes was $277,864 and $303,550, respectively, compared to the face value of $259,880 and $260,000, respectively.
12
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
5. Short- and Long-Term Investments and Investments on Deposit for Licensure
The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value for available-for-sale short- and long-term investments and investments on deposit for licensure held at September 30, 2011 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized Cost | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Fair Value | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | 16,200 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,256 | | | $ | 14,944 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 7,003 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,003 | |
Commercial paper | | | 22,000 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 22,000 | |
Corporate bonds | | | 439,592 | | | | 2,380 | | | | 1,732 | | | | 440,240 | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | 304,138 | | | | 813 | | | | 151 | | | | 304,800 | |
Equity index funds | | | 32,673 | | | | 19 | | | | 3,026 | | | | 29,666 | |
Federally insured corporate bonds | | | 21,020 | | | | 75 | | | | — | | | | 21,095 | |
Money market funds | | | 14,879 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 14,879 | |
Municipal bonds | | | 308,345 | | | | 12,320 | | | | 58 | | | | 320,607 | |
U.S. Treasury securities | | | 34,326 | | | | 88 | | | | — | | | | 34,414 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,200,176 | | | $ | 15,695 | | | $ | 6,223 | | | $ | 1,209,648 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The amortized cost, gross unrealized holding gains, gross unrealized holding losses and fair value for available-for-sale short- and long-term investments and investments on deposit for licensure held at December 31, 2010 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized Cost | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Gains | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Fair Value | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | 22,650 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,357 | | | $ | 21,293 | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 13,651 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 13,651 | |
Commercial paper | | | 14,797 | | | | — | | | | 4 | | | | 14,793 | |
Corporate bonds | | | 235,775 | | | | 2,327 | | | | 186 | | | | 237,916 | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | 331,893 | | | | 623 | | | | 465 | | | | 332,051 | |
Federally insured corporate bonds | | | 21,097 | | | | 360 | | | | 3 | | | | 21,454 | |
Money market funds | | | 20,315 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 20,315 | |
Municipal bonds | | | 301,234 | | | | 1,145 | | | | 1,562 | | | | 300,817 | |
U.S. Treasury securities | | | 21,592 | | | | 130 | | | | 1 | | | | 21,721 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 983,004 | | | $ | 4,585 | | | $ | 3,578 | | | $ | 984,011 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
13
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
The amortized cost and fair value of investments in debt securities, by contractual maturity, for available-for-sale short- and long-term investments and investments on deposit for licensure held at September 30, 2011 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Amortized Cost | | | Fair Value | |
Maturing within one year | | $ | 344,316 | | | $ | 344,804 | |
Maturing between one year and five years | | | 581,432 | | | | 583,384 | |
Maturing between five years and ten years | | | 182,166 | | | | 191,201 | |
Maturing in greater than ten years | | | 59,589 | | | | 60,593 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | $ | 1,167,503 | | | $ | 1,179,982 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Investments in equity index funds with a cost of $32,673 and a fair value of $29,666 are excluded from the table above because they do not have contractual maturities.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, the net unrealized (loss) gain recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of changes in fair value for investments classified as available-for-sale were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Net unrealized (loss) gain recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income | | $ | (118 | ) | | $ | 2,874 | | | $ | 8,465 | | | $ | 4,319 | |
The following table shows the fair value of the Company's available-for-sale investments with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Investments are aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 Months | | | 12 Months or Greater | |
| | Fair Value | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Total Number of Securities | | | Fair Value | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Total Number of Securities | |
September 30, 2011: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 14,944 | | | $ | 1,256 | | | | 4 | |
Corporate bonds | | | 188,991 | | | | 1,724 | | | | 77 | | | | 8,987 | | | | 8 | | | | 1 | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | 83,785 | | | | 151 | | | | 24 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Equity index funds | | | 27,424 | | | | 3,026 | | | | 6 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Municipal bonds | | | 10,421 | | | | 58 | | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total temporarily impaired securities | | $ | 310,621 | | | $ | 4,959 | | | | 110 | | | $ | 23,931 | | | $ | 1,264 | | | | 5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
14
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Less than 12 Months | | | 12 Months or Greater | |
| | Fair Value | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Total Number of Securities | | | Fair Value | | | Gross Unrealized Holding Losses | | | Total Number of Securities | |
December 31, 2010: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Auction rate securities | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | — | | | $ | 21,293 | | | $ | 1,357 | | | | 6 | |
Commercial paper | | | 19,495 | | | | 4 | | | | 8 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Corporate bonds | | | 71,278 | | | | 186 | | | | 37 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities | | | 86,881 | | | | 465 | | | | 29 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Federally insured corporate bond | | | 4,036 | | | | 3 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Municipal bonds | | | 160,860 | | | | 1,562 | | | | 64 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
U.S. Treasury securities | | | 9,564 | | | | 1 | | | | 3 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total temporarily impaired securities | | $ | 352,114 | | | $ | 2,221 | | | | 142 | | | $ | 21,293 | | | $ | 1,357 | | | | 6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The Company typically invests in highly-rated debt securities and its investment policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Company’s investment policy requires investments to generally be investment grade, primarily rated single-A or better, with the objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss and maintaining appropriate liquidity for the Company’s operations. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating investments for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer, general market conditions and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovery of a security’s amortized cost basis. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011, the Company did not record any charges for other-than-temporary impairment of its available-for-sale securities.
As of September 30, 2011, the Company’s investments in debt securities in an unrealized loss position all hold investment grade ratings by various credit rating agencies. Additionally, the issuers have been current on all interest payments. The temporary declines in value at September 30, 2011 are primarily due to fluctuations in short-term market interest rates and the lack of liquidity of auction rate securities. Auction rate securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months have experienced losses due to the lack of liquidity for these instruments, not as a result of impairment of the underlying debt securities. The unrealized loss positions on equity index funds as of September 30, 2011 are primarily due to recent market losses in the corresponding equity indices that these funds are designed to replicate. These equity index funds have been trading below cost for less than three months. The Company does not intend to sell the debt and equity securities in an unrealized loss position prior to maturity or recovery and it is not likely that the Company will be required to sell these securities prior to maturity or recovery; therefore, there is no indication of other-than-temporary impairment for these securities.
6. Market Updates
Georgia
In June 2011, the Company received notification from the Georgia Department of Community Health (“GA DCH”) that the GA DCH was exercising its option to renew, effective July 1, 2011, the Company’s Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”) and Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”) contract between the Company’s Georgia health plan and GA DCH. The contract renewal typically includes revised premium rates
15
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
that are effected through an amendment to the existing contract. As of September 30, 2011, the premium rates are not final and therefore no amounts related to the rate change have been reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The revised premium rates will be recognized in the period in which the rates become final. The time lag between the effective date of the premium rate changes and the final contract can and has in the past been delayed one quarter or more. The value of the impact could be significant in the period in which it is recognized dependent on the magnitude of the premium rate change, the membership to which it applies and the length of the delay between the effective date of the rate increase and the contract date. The effect of the premium rate changes, if any, is anticipated to be recorded in the fourth quarter of 2011 or later. The contract, as renewed, will terminate on June 30, 2012. Additionally, the State has indicated its intent to begin reprocurement of the contract through a competitive bidding process sometime in the forthcoming twelve months.
Louisiana
On July 25, 2011, the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (“DHH”) announced that the Company was one of five managed care organizations selected through a competitive procurement to offer healthcare coverage to Medicaid recipients in Louisiana through its Louisiana health plan. The State indicated that the managed care organizations will enroll collectively approximately 900,000 members statewide, including children and families served by Medicaid’s TANF as well as people with disabilities. It is not known at this time what portion of the statewide membership will be covered by the Company’s Louisiana health plan. Of the five managed care organizations selected, the Company is one of three providers that will offer services on a full-risk basis. The Company and DHH executed the contract for these services in October 2011. Two managed care organizations that bid in the procurement but were not selected have protested the award of the contract to the Company and the other successful bidders. While the Company believes that the award of the contract to us was proper, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the state court challenge that has been filed and can give no assurances that the award will be upheld. Assuming that the award is upheld, the Company anticipates beginning operations in early 2012.
Medicare Advantage
During the third quarter of 2011, the Company received approval from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) to begin operating a Medicare Advantage plan for dual eligible beneficiaries in Chatham and Fulton counties in the State of Georgia, in addition to the renewal of each of the Medicare Advantage contracts in the states of Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Tennessee and Texas. Each of these contracts are annually renewing with effective dates of January 1, 2012.
New Jersey
On July 1, 2011, the Company’s New Jersey health plan renewed its managed care contract with the State of New Jersey Department of Human Services Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services (“NJ DMAHS”) under which it provides managed care services to eligible members of the State’s New Jersey Medicaid/NJ FamilyCare program. The renewed contract revised the premium rates and expanded certain healthcare services provided to eligible members. These new healthcare services include personal care assistant services, medical day care (adult and pediatric), outpatient rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech pathology services), dual eligible pharmacy benefits and aged, blind and disabled (“ABD”) expansion. The managed care contract renewal also includes participation by the Company’s New Jersey health plan in a three-year medical home demonstration project with NJ DMAHS. This project requires the provision of services to participating enrollees under the Medical Home Model Guidelines. As of September 30, 2011, the Company’s New Jersey health plan served approximately 140,000 members.
16
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Tennessee
The Company’s Tennessee health plan and the State of Tennessee TennCare Bureau are in the process of finalizing an amendment to the existing contract, which includes a revision to the premium rates at which the Company’s Tennessee health plan provides Medicaid managed care services to eligible Medicaid members for the contract period that began July 1, 2011. The amendment revises premium rates resulting in a decrease of approximately 4.7%, effective July 1, 2011. Additionally, the Tennessee contract employs an adjustment model to reflect the estimated risk profile of the participating managed care organizations’ membership, or a “risk adjustment factor”. This risk adjustment factor is determined annually subsequent to the determination of the premium rates established for the contract year. Based on information provided by the State, the Company has determined that premium rates will be further reduced by 1.7% retroactively effective July 1, 2011 due to the most recent risk adjustment factor calculation. The revised premium rates have been recognized for the period subsequent to the effective date in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Company can provide no assurance that the decrease in premium rates will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
Texas
One of the Company’s Texas health plans and the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (“HHSC”) are in the process of finalizing an amendment to the existing Medicaid and CHIP Managed Care Services Contract for the contract period that began September 1, 2011. The amendment revises premium rates resulting in a net decrease of approximately 5.4%, effective September 1, 2011. The revised premium rates have been recognized for the period subsequent to the effective date in accordance with GAAP. The Company can provide no assurance that the impact of the decrease in premium rates will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
On August 1, 2011, HHSC announced that the Company’s Texas health plans were awarded contracts to continue to provide Medicaid managed care services to its existing service areas of Austin, Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston (including the September 1, 2011 expansion into the Jefferson service area) and San Antonio. The Company will no longer participate in the Corpus Christi area, for which it served approximately 10,000 members as of September 30, 2011. In addition to the existing service areas, the Company will begin providing Medicaid managed care services in the Lubbock and El Paso service areas and in the 164 counties defined by HHSC as the rural service areas. Additionally, the Company will begin providing prescription drug benefits for all of the Company’s Texas members and, pending final approval of the State’s waiver filed with CMS, inpatient hospital services for the STAR+PLUS program. As of September 30, 2011, the Company’s Texas health plans served approximately 611,000 members. Pending completion of a final agreement, the Company anticipates beginning operations for new markets and populations in early 2012.
In February 2011, one of the Company’s Texas health plans began serving ABD members in the six-county service area surrounding Fort Worth, Texas through an expansion contract awarded by HHSC. As of September 30, 2011, approximately 28,000 members were served by the Company’s Texas health plan under this contract. Previously, the Company served approximately 14,000 ABD members in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas under an administrative services only contract that terminated on January 31, 2011.
7. Summary of Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
During the nine months ended September 30, 2010, the Company sold certain trademarks for $4,000. The carrying value, net of accumulated amortization of these trademarks, was zero.
17
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
On March 1, 2010, the Company’s New Jersey health plan acquired the Medicaid contract rights and rights under certain provider agreements of University Health Plans, Inc. for strategic reasons. The purchase price of $13,420 was financed through available cash. The entire purchase price was allocated to goodwill and other intangibles, which includes $2,200 of specifically identifiable intangibles allocated to the rights to the Medicaid service contract and the assumed provider contracts.
Other acquired intangible assets, included in other long-term assets in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, 2011 | | | December 31, 2010 | |
| | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | | | Gross Carrying Amount | | | Accumulated Amortization | |
Membership rights and provider contracts | | $ | 28,171 | | | $ | (26,486 | ) | | $ | 28,171 | | | $ | (26,106 | ) |
Non-compete agreements and trademarks | | | 946 | | | | (946 | ) | | | 946 | | | | (946 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 29,117 | | | $ | (27,432 | ) | | $ | 29,117 | | | $ | (27,052 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
8. Claims Payable
The following table presents the components of the change in claims payable for the periods presented:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Claims payable, beginning of period | | $ | 510,675 | | | $ | 529,036 | |
Health benefits expense incurred during the period: | | | | | | | | |
Related to current year | | | 3,965,890 | | | | 3,615,124 | |
Related to prior years | | | (84,520 | ) | | | (97,401 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 3,881,370 | | | | 3,517,723 | |
Health benefits payments during the period: | | | | | | | | |
Related to current year | | | 3,461,910 | | | | 3,151,419 | |
Related to prior years | | | 385,609 | | | | 373,520 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | 3,847,519 | | | | 3,524,939 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Claims payable, end of period | | $ | 544,526 | | | $ | 521,820 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Health benefits expense incurred during both periods was reduced for amounts related to prior years. The amounts related to prior years include the impact of amounts previously included in the liability to establish it at a level sufficient under moderately adverse conditions that were not needed and the reduction in health benefits expense due to revisions to prior estimates.
9. Convertible Senior Notes
As of September 30, 2011, the Company had $259,880 outstanding in aggregate principal amount of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes issued March 28, 2007 and due May 15, 2012, the carrying amount of which was $254,155. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had $260,000 outstanding in aggregate principal amount of
18
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
2.0% Convertible Senior Notes with a carrying amount of $245,750. The unamortized discount of $5,725 at September 30, 2011 will continue to be amortized over the remaining eight months until maturity unless accelerated due to early conversions initiated by the bondholders.
Upon conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will pay cash up to the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes converted. With respect to any conversion value in excess of the principal amount, the Company has the option to settle the excess with cash, shares of its common stock, or a combination thereof, based on a daily conversion value, as defined in the indenture. The initial conversion rate for the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes is 23.5114 shares of common stock per one thousand dollars of principal amount of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, which represents a 32.5% conversion premium based on the closing price of $32.10 per share of the Company’s common stock on March 22, 2007 and is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $42.53 per share of common stock. Consequently, under the provisions of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if the market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $42.53, the Company will be obligated to settle, in cash and/or shares of its common stock at its option, an amount equal to approximately $6,100 for each dollar in share price that the market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $42.53, or the conversion value in excess of the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. In periods prior to conversion, the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes would also have a dilutive impact to earnings if the average market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $42.53 for the period reported. As of September 30, 2011, the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes had a dilutive impact to earnings per share as the average market price of the Company’s common stock of $53.03 and $58.00 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, exceeded the conversion price of $42.53.
Concurrent with the issuance of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company purchased convertible note hedges, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, covering 6,112,964 shares of its common stock. The convertible note hedges allow the Company to receive, at its option, shares of its common stock and/or cash equal to the amounts of common stock and/or cash related to the excess conversion value that the Company would pay to the holders of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes upon conversion. The convertible note hedges are expected to offset the potential dilution upon conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes in the event that the market value per share of the Company’s common stock, as measured under the convertible note hedges, at the time of exercise is greater than the strike price of the convertible note hedges, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes and is subject to certain customary adjustments. If, however, the market value per share of the Company’s common stock exceeds the strike price of the warrants (discussed below) when such warrants are exercised, the Company will be required to issue common stock. Both the convertible note hedges and warrants provide for net-share settlement at the time of any exercise for the amount that the market value of the common stock exceeds the applicable strike price.
Also concurrent with the issuance of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, the Company sold warrants to acquire, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, 6,112,964 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $53.77 per share. If the average market price of the Company’s common stock during a defined period ending on or about the settlement date exceeds the exercise price of the warrants, the warrants will be settled in shares of its common stock. Consequently, under the provisions of the warrant instruments, if the market price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $53.77 at exercise, the Company will be obligated to settle in shares of its common stock an amount equal to approximately $6,100 for each dollar that the market price of its common stock exceeds $53.77 resulting in a dilutive impact to its earnings. As of September 30, 2011, the warrant instruments had a dilutive impact to earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 of $58.00 exceeded the $53.77 exercise price of the warrants. The warrant instruments did not have a dilutive impact to
19
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as the average market price of the Company’s common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2011 of $53.03 did not exceed the $53.77 exercise price of the warrants.
The convertible note hedges and warrants are separate instruments which do not affect holders’ rights under the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes.
During the three months ended September 30, 2011, certain bondholders converted $120 in aggregate principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes with a conversion value in excess of the principal amount of $82. The Company paid the consideration for the conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes using cash on hand and the conversion value in excess of the principal amount converted was recouped through cash received from the counterparty pursuant to the convertible note hedge instruments.
As of September 30, 2011, the Company’s common stock was last traded at a price of $39.01 per share. Based on this value, if the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes had been converted or matured at September 30, 2011, the Company would have been obligated to pay only the principal of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes as the per share price of the Company’s common stock did not exceed the conversion price of $42.53 per share. At this per share value, no shares would be delivered under the warrant instruments as the per share value is less than the exercise price of the warrants.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Agreements
The Company leases office space and office equipment under operating leases which expire at various dates through 2021. Future minimum payments under operating leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year are as follows at September 30, 2011:
| | | | |
| | Operating Leases | |
Remainder of 2011 | | $ | 4,110 | |
2012 | | | 15,657 | |
2013 | | | 12,173 | |
2014 | | | 10,192 | |
2015 | | | 9,282 | |
2016 | | | 8,620 | |
Thereafter | | | 28,212 | |
| | | | |
Total minimum lease payments | | $ | 88,246 | |
| | | | |
These leases have various escalations, abatements and tenant improvement allowances that have been included in the total cost of each lease and amortized on a straight-line basis. For the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, total rent expense for all office space and office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases was $4,611 and $4,132, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, total rent expense for all office space and office equipment under non-cancelable operating leases was $13,312 and $12,620, respectively. Rent expense is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Income Statements. The Company had no capital lease obligations at September 30, 2011.
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AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Florida Premium Recoupment
As previously reported in the Company’s Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011, AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. received written notices from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”) on March 14, 2011 regarding an audit, conducted by a third party, of Medicaid claims paid under contracts between AHCA and Florida Medicaid managed care organizations for the period October 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010.
On October 5, 2011, AHCA notified AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. that the recovery project associated with the audit, which sought recoupment of premium payments made to AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. attributable to purportedly ineligible members, had been cancelled. As a result, the Company does not anticipate further premium recoupment activity relating to this audit. The resolution of this matter did not have a material impact on the financial position, results of operations or cash flows as of or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.
Letter of Credit
Effective July 1, 2011, the Company renewed a collateralized irrevocable standby letter of credit, initially issued on July 1, 2009, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $17,366, to meet certain obligations under its Medicaid contract in the State of Georgia through its Georgia subsidiary, AMGP Georgia Managed Care Company, Inc. The letter of credit is collateralized through cash and investments held by AMGP Georgia Managed Care Company, Inc.
Legal Proceedings
Employment Litigation
As previously reported in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, on November 22, 2010, Hamel Toure, a former AMERIGROUP New York, LLC marketing representative, filed a putative collective and class action complaint against AMERIGROUP Corporation and AMERIGROUP New York, LLC in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York. Subsequently, another lawsuit, styledAndrea Burch, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. AMERIGROUP Corporation and AMERIGROUP New York, LLC, was consolidated with the Toure case.
The Second Amended Class Action Complaint with respect to these consolidated cases alleges, inter alia, that the plaintiffs and certain other employees should have been classified as non-exempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and during the course of their employment should have received overtime and other compensation under the FLSA from October 22, 2007 until the entry of judgment and under the New York Labor Law (“NYLL”) from October 22, 2004 until the entry of judgment. The Complaint requests certification of the NYLL claims as a class action under Rule 23, designation of the FLSA claims as a collective action, a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, an award of unpaid overtime compensation, an award of liquidated damages under the FLSA and NYLL, pre-judgment interest, as well as costs, attorneys’ fees, and other relief.
At this early stage of the aforementioned case, the Company is unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome because, among other things, the scope and size of the potential class has not been determined and no specific amount of monetary damages has been alleged. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims against it and intends to defend itself vigorously.
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AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
Other Litigation
The Company is involved in various other legal proceedings in the normal course of business. Based upon its evaluation of the information currently available, the Company believes that the ultimate resolution of any such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect, either individually or in the aggregate, on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
11. Share Repurchase Program
On August 4, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized a $250,000 increase to the Company’s ongoing share repurchase program, bringing the total authorization to $650,000. The $650,000 authorization is for repurchases made from and after August 5, 2009. Pursuant to this share repurchase program, the Company repurchased 1,693,879 shares of its common stock and placed them into treasury during the three months ended September 30, 2011 at an aggregate cost of $77,220. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the Company repurchased and placed into treasury 2,948,812 shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $157,217. As of September 30, 2011, the Company had remaining authorization to purchase up to an additional $317,090 of shares of its common stock under the share repurchase program.
12. Long-Term Incentive Plan
In March 2011, under the terms of existing compensation plans, the Company granted performance-based restricted stock units and performance-based cash awards to certain of its senior executives. These awards are earned based upon the Company’s performance against pre-established targets, including return on equity, net income margin and revenue growth over the three-year performance period. In addition to the performance conditions, these awards also include a market condition, which under certain performance conditions, may ultimately impact the number of restricted stock units and total cash awarded. The market condition is satisfied if the Company’s total shareholder return is above the median total shareholder return of the Company’s peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Under the terms of the awards, participants have the ability to earn between 0% and 200% of their target award based upon the attainment of performance and/or market conditions as defined.
Performance-based restricted stock units are classified as equity awards. The fair value of the awards subject to the market condition is calculated using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Expense associated with the performance-based restricted stock units subject to the market condition, if and when the market condition is applicable, is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is met. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, a target of 78,131 performance-based restricted stock units were granted with the ability for participants to earn between 0 and 156,262 units.
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AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
The following details of performance-based restricted stock units outstanding as of September 30, 2011 are provided based on current assumptions of future performance:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Shares (#) | | | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value ($) | |
Outstanding units at December 31, 2010 | | | — | | | | — | |
Granted at target level | | | 78,131 | | | | 58.83 | |
Adjustments above/(below) target level | | | 15,626 | | | | 58.83 | |
Expired | | | — | | | | — | |
Forfeited | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | |
Outstanding units at September 30, 2011 | | | 93,757 | | | | 58.83 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Vested units at September 30, 2011 | | | — | | | | | |
Unvested units at September 30, 2011 | | | 93,757 | | | | | |
Unrecognized compensation expense | | $ | 4,662 | | | | | |
Weighted average remaining period (years) | | | 2.42 | | | | | |
Performance-based cash awards are classified as liability awards because they are settled in cash. The fair value of the performance-based cash liability is re-evaluated using the Monte Carlo valuation model at each reporting date, if and when the market condition is in effect. A target of $4,448 performance-based cash awards were granted with the ability for participants to earn between $0 and $8,896.
The performance-based awards vest over a three-year performance period if certain performance and/or market conditions are achieved. Compensation costs for the performance-based awards are recognized by the Company over the requisite service period based on the probable outcome of the application of the performance and/or market conditions. The Company estimates the possible outcome of the performance and/or market conditions at each reporting period. The Company recognizes compensation costs based upon this estimate of the shares and cash that are expected to ultimately vest. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, a total of $910 and $2,188, respectively, was recognized related to grants of performance-based restricted stock units and performance-based cash and is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Income Statements.
23
AMERIGROUP CORPORATIONAND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTESTO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (CONTINUED)
13. Comprehensive Income
Differences between net income and total comprehensive income resulted from net unrealized (losses) gains on the investment portfolio as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Net income | | $ | 48,074 | | | $ | 84,348 | | | $ | 162,845 | | | $ | 193,743 | |
Other comprehensive income: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | | | (73 | ) | | | 1,833 | | | | 5,282 | | | | 2,777 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | $ | 48,001 | | | $ | 86,181 | | | $ | 168,127 | | | $ | 196,520 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
14. Georgia Duplicate Premium Payments
GA DCH routinely assigns more than one Medicaid enrollment number to an individual, resulting in multiple enrollment records and duplicate premium payments for the same member. The occurrence of duplicate member records is common in Georgia and is generally corrected in a timely manner. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, it became apparent to the Company that GA DCH was not current in its processing of merging duplicate member records. The Company notified GA DCH of the potential issues, and GA DCH completed a comprehensive review of their membership files and merged duplicate member records, identifying premium overpayments impacting periods as far back as the start of the Medicaid managed care program in 2006. The Company accrued $28,200 as an estimate of premium overpayments during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the majority of which was accrued in periods prior to June 30, 2011 and approximately $25,500 has been recouped by GA DCH as of September 30, 2011.
Previously GA DCH had used these duplicate members in the determination of premium rates. GA DCH revisited the premium rate calculations using a revised count of membership to account for the cumulative effect of previously uncorrected duplicate members for state fiscal years 2007 through 2011. As a result of this activity, the Company and GA DCH have agreed in principle to the value of a premium adjustment due to the Company in recognition of revised premium rates. Based on this agreement in principle, the Company recorded premium revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 of approximately $14,000.
15. Subsequent Event
On October 25, 2011, the Company signed an agreement to purchase substantially all of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, one of the largest Medicaid prepaid health services plans in New York, for $85,000. Health Plus currently serves approximately 320,000 members in New York State’s Medicaid, Family Health Plus and Child Health Plus programs, as well as the federal Medicare Advantage program. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions and is expected to close in the first half of 2012; although, there can be no assurance as to the timing of the consummation of this transaction or that this transaction will be consummated at all.
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Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Forward-looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other information we provide from time-to-time, contains certain “forward-looking” statements as that term is defined by Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements regarding our expected future financial position, membership, our results of operations or cash flows, our growth strategy, our competition, our ability to service our debt obligations, our ability to finance growth opportunities, our ability to respond to changes in government regulations and similar statements including, without limitation, those containing words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans” and other similar expressions are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from those projected or contemplated in the forward-looking statements as a result of, but not limited to, the following factors:
| • | | our inability to manage medical costs; |
| • | | our inability to operate new products and markets at expected levels, including, but not limited to, profitability, membership and targeted service standards; |
| • | | local, state and national economic conditions, including their effect on the periodic premium rate change process and timing of payments; |
| • | | the effect of laws and regulations governing the healthcare industry, including the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, and any regulations enacted thereunder (the “Affordable Care Act”); |
| • | | changes in Medicaid and Medicare payment levels and methodologies; |
| • | | increased use of services, increased cost of individual services, pandemics, epidemics, the introduction of new or costly treatments and technology, new mandated benefits, insured population characteristics and seasonal changes in the level of healthcare use; |
| • | | our ability to maintain and increase membership levels; |
| • | | our ability to enter into new markets or remain in our existing markets; |
| • | | changes in market interest rates or any disruptions in the credit markets; |
| • | | our ability to maintain compliance with all minimum capital requirements; |
| • | | liabilities and other claims asserted against us; |
| • | | the competitive environment in which we operate; |
| • | | the availability and terms of capital to fund acquisitions, capital improvements and maintain capitalization levels required by regulatory agencies; |
| • | | our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel; |
| • | | the unfavorable resolution of new or pending litigation; and |
| • | | catastrophes, including acts of terrorism or severe weather. |
Investors should also refer to Part II –Other Information – Item 1A. – “Risk Factors,” herein, for a discussion of risk factors. Given these risks and uncertainties, we can give no assurances that any forward-looking statements will, in fact, transpire, and therefore caution investors not to place undue reliance on them.
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Overview
We are a multi-state managed healthcare company focused on serving people who receive healthcare benefits through publicly funded healthcare programs, including Medicaid, Children’s Health Insurance Program (“CHIP”), Medicaid expansion programs and Medicare Advantage. We believe that we are better qualified and positioned than many of our competitors to meet the unique needs of our members and the government agencies with whom we contract because of our focus solely on recipients of publicly funded healthcare, medical management programs and community-based education and outreach programs. We design our programs to address the particular needs of our members, for whom we facilitate access to healthcare benefits pursuant to agreements with applicable state and federal government agencies. We combine medical, social and behavioral health services to help our members obtain quality healthcare in an efficient manner. Our success in establishing and maintaining strong relationships with government agencies, healthcare providers and our members has enabled us to retain existing contracts, obtain new contracts and establish and maintain a leading market position in many of the markets we serve. We continue to believe that managed healthcare remains the only proven mechanism to improve health outcomes for individuals while helping our government agencies manage the fiscal viability of their healthcare programs. We are dedicated to offering real solutions that improve healthcare access and quality for our members, while proactively working to reduce the overall cost of care to taxpayers.
Summary highlights include:
| • | | Membership increase of 64,000 members, or 3.3%, to 1,997,000 members as of September 30, 2011 compared to 1,933,000 members as of September 30, 2010; |
| • | | Total revenues of $1.6 billion for the third quarter of 2011, a 7.3% increase over the third quarter of 2010; |
| • | | Health benefits ratio (“HBR”) of 83.9% of premium revenues for the third quarter of 2011 compared to 80.5% for the third quarter of 2010; |
| • | | Selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) ratio of 8.2% of total revenues for the third quarter of 2011 compared to 7.1% in the third quarter of 2010; |
| • | | Cash provided by operations of $243.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011; |
| • | | Unregulated cash and investments of $298.0 million as of September 30, 2011; |
| • | | Repurchase of 1,693,879 shares of common stock for an aggregate cost of approximately $77.2 million during the third quarter of 2011; |
| • | | On August 1, 2011, the Texas Health and Human Services Commission (“HHSC”) announced that we won our bid to expand our business in Texas through a state-wide competitive bidding process. Pending final contract negotiations, we anticipate beginning operations for the new business in early 2012; and |
| • | | On October 25, 2011, we signed an agreement to purchase substantially all of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, one of the largest Medicaid prepaid health services plans (“PHSP”) in New York, for $85.0 million. Health Plus currently serves approximately 320,000 members in New York State’s Medicaid, Family Health Plus and Child Health Plus programs, as well as the federal Medicare Advantage program. We intend to fund the purchase price through available cash, which may include a portion of the proceeds from our proposed senior unsecured notes offering. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash and Investments.” The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions and is expected to close in the first half of 2012; although, there can be no assurance as to the timing of consummation of this transaction or that this transaction will be consummated at all. |
Our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the same periods in the prior year reflect the impact of modest membership growth. Additionally, increases in premium revenue reflect a contract award through competitive procurement to expand healthcare coverage to seniors and people with disabilities in the six-county service area surrounding Fort Worth, Texas, which began on February 1, 2011, as
26
well as the impact of premium rate changes from the prior year, commensurate with annual contract renewals. The three months ended September 30, 2011 also benefited from unusually high retroactive premium revenue including an estimate of $14.0 million of retroactive premium rate adjustments in Georgia in recognition of duplicate member counts previously used in calculations by the State for state fiscal years 2007 through 2011. The increase in premium revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 also reflects the impact of a full period of a benefit expansion to provide long-term care (“LTC”) services to eligible members in Tennessee, which began in March 2010. Health benefits expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 reflects moderate increases in cost trends compared to the unusually low levels in the prior year. Additionally, current periods reflect lower favorable development related to prior periods than that of recent quarters.
Healthcare Reform
In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law. The Affordable Care Act provides for comprehensive changes to the U.S. healthcare system, which will be phased in at various stages over the next several years. Among other things, the Affordable Care Act is intended to provide health insurance to approximately 32 million uninsured individuals of whom approximately 16 to 20 million are expected to obtain health insurance through the expansion of the Medicaid program beginning in 2014. Funding for the expanded coverage will initially come largely from the federal government.
To date, the Affordable Care Act has not had a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows; however, we continue to evaluate the provisions of the Affordable Care Act and believe that the Affordable Care Act may provide us with significant opportunities for membership growth in our existing markets and, potentially, in new markets in the future. There can be no assurances that we will realize this growth, or that this growth will be profitable. There have been several federal lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act, and various federal appeals courts have reached inconsistent decisions on constitutionality. The parties in those suits are now seeking review by the U.S. Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Court could hear arguments in the first half of 2012, although even if it schedules oral arguments for next year, there is no guarantee that it will hear and review the substantive questions raised about the Affordable Care Act’s constitutionality. Congress has also proposed a number of legislative initiatives including possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act. There are no assurances that the Affordable Care Act will take effect as originally enacted, or at all, or that the Affordable Care Act, as currently enacted or as amended in the future, will not adversely affect our business and financial results.
There are numerous steps required to implement the Affordable Care Act, including promulgating a substantial number of new and potentially more onerous regulations that may affect our business. A number of federal regulations have been proposed for public comment by a handful of federal agencies, but these proposals have raised additional issues and uncertainties that will need to be addressed in additional regulations yet to be proposed or in the final version of the proposed regulations eventually adopted. Further, there has been resistance to expansion at the state level, largely due to the budgetary pressures faced by the states. Because of the unsettled nature of these reforms and numerous steps required to implement them, we cannot predict what additional requirements will be implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect that any future legislation or regulations, or the pending litigation challenging the Affordable Care Act will have on our business or our growth opportunities. There is also considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of the Affordable Care Act and the other reforms on the health insurance market as a whole. In addition, we cannot predict our competitors’ reactions to the changes. A number of states have challenged the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Affordable Care Act, and many of these challenges are still pending final adjudication in several jurisdictions. Congress has also proposed a number of legislative initiatives, including possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act. Although we believe the Affordable Care Act will provide us with significant opportunity, the enacted reforms, as well as future regulations, legislative changes and judicial decisions may in fact have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. If we fail to effectively implement our operational and strategic initiatives with respect to the implementation of healthcare reform, or do not do so as effectively as our competitors, our business may be materially adversely affected.
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The Affordable Care Act also imposes a significant new non-deductible federal premium-based assessment and other assessments on health insurers. If this federal premium-based assessment is imposed as enacted, and if the cost of the federal premium-based assessment is not factored into the calculation of our premium rates, or if we are unable to otherwise adjust our business to address this new assessment, our financial position, results of operations or cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. Most recently, on August 2, 2011, the President signed into law the Budget Control Act of 2011, which, among other things, creates the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction to recommend proposals for spending reductions to Congress. In the event that the Joint Select Committee is unable to achieve a targeted deficit reduction of at least $1.2 trillion for the years 2013 through 2021, or Congress does not act on the committee’s recommendation, without amendment, by December 23, 2011, an automatic reduction is triggered. These automatic cuts would be made to several government programs and, with respect to Medicare, would include aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year, starting in 2013. There are no assurances that future federal or state legislative or administrative changes relating to healthcare reform will not adversely affect our business.
Market Updates
Georgia
In June 2011, we received notification from the Georgia Department of Community Health (“GA DCH”) that GA DCH was exercising its option to renew, effective July 1, 2011, our Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (“TANF”) and CHIP contract between our Georgia health plan and GA DCH. The contract renewal typically includes revised premium rates that are effected through an amendment to the existing contract. As of September 30, 2011, the premium rates are not final and therefore no amounts related to the rate change have been reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The revised premium rates will be recognized in the period in which the rates become final. The time lag between the effective date of the premium rate changes and the final contract can and has in the past been delayed one quarter or more. The value of the impact could be significant in the period in which it is recognized dependent on the magnitude of the premium rate change, the membership to which it applies and the length of the delay between the effective date of the rate increase and the contract date. The effect of the premium rate changes, if any, is anticipated to be recorded in the fourth quarter of 2011 or later. The contract, as renewed, will terminate on June 30, 2012. Additionally, the State has indicated its intent to begin reprocurement of the contract through a competitive bidding process sometime in the forthcoming twelve months.
Louisiana
On July 25, 2011, the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals (“DHH”) announced that we were one of five managed care organizations selected through a competitive procurement to offer healthcare coverage to Medicaid recipients in Louisiana through our Louisiana health plan. The State indicated that the managed care organizations will enroll collectively approximately 900,000 members statewide, including children and families served by Medicaid’s TANF as well as people with disabilities. It is not known at this time what portion of the statewide membership will be covered by our Louisiana health plan. Of the five managed care organizations selected, we are one of three providers that will offer services on a full-risk basis. We executed the contract with DHH for these services in October 2011. Two managed care organizations that bid in the procurement but were not selected have protested the award of the contract to us and the other successful bidders. While we believe that the award of the contract to us was proper, we are unable to predict the outcome of the state court challenge that has been filed and can give no assurances that our award will be upheld. Assuming that our award is upheld, we anticipate beginning operations in early 2012.
Medicare Advantage
During the third quarter of 2011, we received approval from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) to begin operating a Medicare Advantage plan for dual eligible beneficiaries in Chatham and Fulton
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counties in the state of Georgia, in addition to the renewal of each of our Medicare Advantage contracts in the states of Florida, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Tennessee and Texas. Each of these contracts are annually renewing with effective dates of January 1, 2012. We can give no assurance that our entry into the new service areas in Georgia will be favorable to our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
New Jersey
On July 1, 2011, our New Jersey health plan renewed its managed care contract with the State of New Jersey Department of Human Services Division of Medical Assistance and Health Services (“NJ DMAHS”) under which we provide managed care services to eligible members of the State’s New Jersey Medicaid/NJ FamilyCare program. The renewed contract revised the premium rates and expanded certain healthcare services provided to eligible members. These new healthcare services include personal care assistant services, medical day care (adult and pediatric), outpatient rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech pathology services), dual eligible pharmacy benefits and aged, blind and disabled (“ABD”) expansion. The managed care contract renewal also includes participation by our New Jersey health plan in a three-year medical home demonstration project with NJ DMAHS. This project requires the provision of services to participating enrollees under the Medical Home Model Guidelines. As of September 30, 2011, our New Jersey health plan served approximately 140,000 members.
New York
On October 25, 2011, we signed an agreement to purchase substantially all of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, one of the largest Medicaid PHSPs in New York, for $85.0 million. Health Plus currently serves approximately 320,000 members in New York State’s Medicaid, Family Health Plus and Child Health Plus programs, as well as the federal Medicare Advantage program. In connection with this acquisition, we will also be required to fund certain minimum statutory capital levels commensurate with the anticipated increase in the membership of our New York health plan. We intend to fund the purchase price through available cash, which may include a portion of the proceeds from our proposed senior unsecured notes offering. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Cash and Investments.” The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions and is expected to close in the first half of 2012; although, there can be no assurance as to the timing of the consummation of this transaction or if this transaction will be consummated at all.
Additionally, effective October 1, 2011, covered benefits under our contracts in New York were expanded to include pharmacy coverage and LTC/dual eligible members are expected to transition to mandatory managed care beginning in 2012, representing a significant change in the operations of our New York health plan.
Tennessee
Our Tennessee health plan and the State of Tennessee TennCare Bureau are in the process of finalizing an amendment to the existing contract, which includes a revision to the premium rates at which the health plan provides Medicaid managed care services to eligible Medicaid members for the contract period that began July 1, 2011. The amendment revises premium rates resulting in a decrease of approximately 4.7%, effective July 1, 2011. Additionally, the Tennessee contract employs an adjustment model to reflect the estimated risk profile of the participating managed care organizations’ membership, or a “risk adjustment factor”. This risk adjustment factor is determined annually subsequent to the determination of the premium rates established for the contract year. Based on information provided by the State, we have determined that premium rates will be further reduced by 1.7% retroactively effective July 1, 2011 due to the most recent risk adjustment factor calculation. The revised premium rates have been recognized for the period subsequent to the effective date in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). We can provide no assurance that the decrease in premium rates will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
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Texas
One of our Texas health plans and HHSC are in the process of finalizing an amendment to the existing Medicaid and CHIP Managed Care Services Contract for the contract period that began September 1, 2011. The amendment revises premium rates resulting in a net decrease of approximately 5.4% effective September 1, 2011. The revised premium rates have been recognized for the period subsequent to the effective date as required under GAAP. We can provide no assurance that the impact of the decrease in premium rates will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
On August 1, 2011, HHSC announced that we were awarded contracts to continue to provide Medicaid managed care services to its existing service areas of Austin, Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston (including the September 1, 2011 expansion into the Jefferson service area) and San Antonio. We will no longer participate in the Corpus Christi area, for which we served approximately 10,000 members as of September 30, 2011. In addition to the existing service areas, we will begin providing Medicaid managed care services in the Lubbock and El Paso service areas in the 164 counties defined by HHSC as the rural service areas. Additionally, we will begin providing prescription drug benefits for all of our Texas members and, pending final approval of the State’s waiver filed with CMS, inpatient hospital services for the STAR+PLUS program. As of September 30, 2011, our Texas health plans served approximately 611,000 members. Pending completion of a final agreement, we anticipate beginning operations for new markets and populations in early 2012.
In February 2011, we began serving ABD members in the six-county service area surrounding Fort Worth, Texas through an expansion contract awarded by HHSC. As of September 30, 2011, we served approximately 28,000 members under this contract. Previously, we served approximately 14,000 ABD members in the Dallas and Fort Worth areas under an administrative services only (“ASO”) contract that terminated on January 31, 2011.
Contingencies
Florida Premium Recoupment
As previously reported in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011, AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. received written notices from the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (“AHCA”) on March 14, 2011 regarding an audit, conducted by a third party, of Medicaid claims paid under contracts between AHCA and Florida Medicaid managed care organizations for the period October 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010.
On October 5, 2011, AHCA notified AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. that the recovery project associated with the audit, which sought recoupment of premium payments made to AMERIGROUP Florida, Inc. attributable to purportedly ineligible members, had been cancelled. As a result, we do not anticipate further premium recoupment activity relating to this audit. The resolution of this matter did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows as of or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011.
Georgia Letter of Credit
Effective July 1, 2011, we renewed a collateralized irrevocable standby letter of credit, initially issued on July 1, 2009, in an aggregate principal amount of approximately $17.4 million, to meet certain obligations under our Medicaid contract in the State of Georgia through our Georgia subsidiary, AMGP Georgia Managed Care Company, Inc. The letter of credit is collateralized through cash and investments held by AMGP Georgia Managed Care Company, Inc.
Employment Litigation
As previously reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 and our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011, on November 22, 2010, Hamel Toure, a former AMERIGROUP New York, LLC marketing representative, filed a putative collective and class action complaint against AMERIGROUP Corporation and AMERIGROUP New York, LLC in the United States District Court, Eastern District of New York. Subsequently, another lawsuit, styledAndrea Burch, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. AMERIGROUP Corporation and AMERIGROUP New York, LLC, was consolidated with the Toure case.
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The Second Amended Class Action Complaint with respect to these consolidated cases alleges,inter alia, that the plaintiffs and certain other employees should have been classified as non-exempt employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) and during the course of their employment should have received overtime and other compensation under the FLSA from October 22, 2007 until the entry of judgment and under the New York Labor Law (“NYLL”) from October 22, 2004 until the entry of judgment. The Complaint requests certification of the NYLL claims as a class action under Rule 23, designation of the FLSA claims as a collective action, a declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, an award of unpaid overtime compensation, an award of liquidated damages under the FLSA and NYLL, pre-judgment interest, as well as costs, attorneys’ fees, and other relief.
At this early stage of the aforementioned case, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the amount or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome because, among other things, the scope and size of the potential class has not been determined and no specific amount of monetary damages has been alleged. We believe we have meritorious defenses to the claims against us and intend to defend ourselves vigorously.
Other Litigation
We are involved in various other legal proceedings in the normal course of business. Based upon our evaluation of the information currently available, we believe that the ultimate resolution of any such proceedings will not have a material adverse effect, either individually or in the aggregate, on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth selected operating ratios for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010. All ratios, with the exception of the HBR, are shown as a percentage of total revenues:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Premium revenue | | | 99.7 | % | | | 99.7 | % | | | 99.7 | % | | | 99.6 | % |
Investment income and other | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.3 | | | | 0.4 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Health benefits(1) | | | 83.9 | % | | | 80.5 | % | | | 83.3 | % | | | 82.1 | % |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | | | 8.2 | % | | | 7.1 | % | | | 7.9 | % | | | 7.7 | % |
Income before income taxes | | | 4.8 | % | | | 9.1 | % | | | 5.5 | % | | | 7.2 | % |
Net income | | | 3.0 | % | | | 5.6 | % | | | 3.5 | % | | | 4.5 | % |
(1) | The HBR is shown as a percentage of premium revenue because there is a direct relationship between the premium received and the health benefits provided. |
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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
Summarized comparative financial information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 is as follows (dollars in millions, except per share data; totals in the table below may not equal the sum of individual line items as all line items have been rounded to the nearest decimal):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | 2011 | | | 2010 | | | % Change 2011-2010 | | | % Change 2011-2010 | |
Revenues: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premium | | $ | 1,600.5 | | | $ | 1,489.9 | | | $ | 4,659.7 | | | $ | 4,285.5 | | | | 7.4 | | | | 8.7 | |
Investment income and other | | | 4.1 | | | | 5.0 | | | | 12.3 | | | | 18.5 | | | | (17.4 | ) | | | (33.8 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total revenues | | | 1,604.7 | | | | 1,494.9 | | | | 4,672.0 | | | | 4,304.1 | | | | 7.3 | | | | 8.5 | |
Expenses: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Health benefits | | | 1,342.6 | | | | 1,199.7 | | | | 3,881.4 | | | | 3,517.7 | | | | 11.9 | | | | 10.3 | |
Selling, general and administrative | | | 130.8 | | | | 106.8 | | | | 369.5 | | | | 332.4 | | | | 22.4 | | | | 11.2 | |
Premium tax | | | 41.2 | | | | 40.3 | | | | 122.1 | | | | 105.0 | | | | 2.2 | | | | 16.3 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 9.3 | | | | 8.7 | | | | 27.7 | | | | 26.4 | | | | 6.7 | | | | 5.3 | |
Interest | | | 4.2 | | | | 4.0 | | | | 12.5 | | | | 12.0 | | | | 5.1 | | | | 4.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 1,528.1 | | | | 1,359.6 | | | | 4,413.3 | | | | 3,993.5 | | | | 12.4 | | | | 10.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 76.5 | | | | 135.3 | | | | 258.7 | | | | 310.6 | | | | (43.5 | ) | | | (16.7 | ) |
Income tax expense | | | 28.4 | | | | 51.0 | | | | 95.9 | | | | 116.9 | | | | (44.2 | ) | | | (17.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 48.1 | | | $ | 84.3 | | | $ | 162.8 | | | $ | 193.7 | | | | (43.0 | ) | | | (15.9 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Diluted net income per share | | $ | 0.96 | | | $ | 1.68 | | | $ | 3.14 | | | $ | 3.81 | | | | (42.9 | ) | | | (17.6 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Premium Revenue
Premium revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased $110.6 million, or 7.4%, to $1.6 billion from $1.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2010. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, premium revenue increased $374.2 million, or 8.7%, to $4.7 billion from $4.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in both periods was due in part to increases in full-risk membership across the majority of our existing products and markets, most significantly in the State of Texas which includes our Texas expansion into the Fort Worth STAR+PLUS program on February 1, 2011. Additionally, both periods reflect increased premium revenue from premium rate increases and yield increases resulting from changes in membership mix and benefits across many of our markets. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, this increase was largely from the expansion of benefits in our New Jersey market which include the carve-in of pharmacy benefits for ABD and the expansion of managed care to additional ABD populations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010, the increase in premium revenue was further attributable to our entry into the Tennessee TennCare CHOICES program in March 2010.
The three months ended September 30, 2011 was also positively impacted by retroactive premium adjustments including a premium adjustment due to us from the State of Georgia in an effort to account for the cumulative effect of previously uncorrected duplicate members for state fiscal years 2007 through 2011. GA DCH routinely assigns more than one Medicaid enrollment number to an individual, resulting in multiple enrollment records and duplicate premium payments for the same member. The occurrence of duplicate member records is common in Georgia and is generally corrected in a timely manner. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, it became apparent to us that GA DCH was not current in its processing of merging
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duplicate member records. We notified GA DCH of the potential issues, and GA DCH completed a comprehensive review of their membership files and merged duplicate member records, identifying premium overpayments impacting periods as far back as the start of the Medicaid managed care program in 2006. We accrued $28.2 million as an estimate of premium overpayments during the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the majority of which was accrued in periods prior to June 30, 2011 and approximately $25.5 million has been recouped by GA DCH as of September 30, 2011.
Previously GA DCH had used these duplicate members in the determination of premium rates. GA DCH revisited the premium rate calculations using a revised count of membership to account for the cumulative effect of previously uncorrected duplicate members for state fiscal years 2007 through 2011. As a result of this activity, we have agreed with GA DCH in principle to the value of a premium adjustment due to us in recognition of revised premium rates. Based on this agreement in principle, we recorded premium revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 of $14.0 million.
Additionally, premium revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2011 reflects the impact of an increase to newborn supplemental rates in Georgia retroactive to September 1, 2010 and a rate increase in New York retroactive to April 1, 2011.
Membership
The following table sets forth the approximate number of members we served in each state as of September 30, 2011 and 2010. Because we receive two premiums for members that are in both the Medicare Advantage and Medicaid products, these members have been counted twice in the states where we operate Medicare Advantage plans.
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Texas(1) | | | 611,000 | | | | 557,000 | |
Georgia | | | 263,000 | | | | 268,000 | |
Florida | | | 254,000 | | | | 263,000 | |
Tennessee | | | 207,000 | | | | 204,000 | |
Maryland | | | 207,000 | | | | 201,000 | |
New Jersey | | | 140,000 | | | | 138,000 | |
New York | | | 110,000 | | | | 109,000 | |
Nevada | | | 85,000 | | | | 76,000 | |
Ohio | | | 58,000 | | | | 58,000 | |
Virginia | | | 40,000 | | | | 38,000 | |
New Mexico | | | 22,000 | | | | 21,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,997,000 | | | | 1,933,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | Membership includes approximately 14,000 ABD members under an ASO contract as of September 30, 2010. This contract terminated on January 31, 2011. |
As of September 30, 2011, we served approximately 1,997,000 members, reflecting an increase of approximately 64,000 members, or 3.3%, compared to September 30, 2010. The increase is primarily due to membership growth in the majority of our products and markets, most significantly in Texas which includes the impact of the expansion in the Fort Worth, Texas STAR+PLUS program on February 1, 2011.
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The following table sets forth the approximate number of our members who receive benefits under our products as of September 30, 2011 and 2010. Because we receive two premiums for members that are in both the Medicare Advantage and Medicaid products, these members have been counted in each product.
| | | | | | | | |
| | September 30, | |
Product | | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
TANF (Medicaid) | | | 1,405,000 | | | | 1,373,000 | |
CHIP | | | 263,000 | | | | 274,000 | |
ABD and LTC (Medicaid)(1) | | | 231,000 | | | | 197,000 | |
FamilyCare (Medicaid) | | | 75,000 | | | | 70,000 | |
Medicare Advantage | | | 23,000 | | | | 19,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,997,000 | | | | 1,933,000 | |
| | | | | | | | |
(1) | Membership includes approximately 14,000 ABD members under an ASO contract in Texas as of September 30, 2010. This contract terminated on January 31, 2011. |
Investment income and other revenue
Investment income and other revenue was $4.1 million and $5.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and was $12.3 million and $18.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Included in other revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 is a $4.0 million gain on the sale of certain trademarks.
Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of fixed income securities and cash and cash equivalents. Our investment portfolio generated pre-tax income totaling $3.9 million and $11.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, compared to $4.4 million and $13.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively. The decrease in investment income is primarily a result of decreased rates of return on fixed income securities due to current market interest rates. Our effective yield could remain at or below our current rate of return for the foreseeable future, which would result in similar or reduced returns on our investment portfolio in future periods. The performance of our investment portfolio is predominately interest rate driven and, consequently, changes in interest rates affect our returns on, and the fair value of, our portfolio which can materially affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
Health benefits expenses
Expenses relating to health benefits for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased $142.9 million, or 11.9%, to $1.3 billion compared to $1.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2010. Our HBR increased to 83.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2011 compared to 80.5% for the same period of the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, expenses related to health benefits increased $363.6 million, or 10.3%, to $3.9 billion from $3.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. Our HBR increased to 83.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to 82.1% for the same period of the prior year. Health benefits expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 reflects moderate increases in cost trends and expansion into new markets and products with higher medical costs relative to premium revenues such as LTC services in Tennessee and the ABD expansion in Fort Worth, Texas. Additionally, current periods reflect lower favorable development related to prior periods than that of recent quarters. The combined impacts of these factors resulted in an increase in our HBR for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to that for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.
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The following table presents the components of the change in claims payable for the periods presented (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | |
| | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |
| | 2011 | | | 2010 | |
Claims payable, beginning of period | | $ | 510,675 | | | $ | 529,036 | |
Health benefits expense incurred during the period: | | | | | | | | |
Related to current year | | | 3,965,890 | | | | 3,615,124 | |
Related to prior years | | | (84,520 | ) | | | (97,401 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Total incurred | | | 3,881,370 | | | | 3,517,723 | |
Health benefits payments during the period: | | | | | | | | |
Related to current year | | | 3,461,910 | | | | 3,151,419 | |
Related to prior years | | | 385,609 | | | | 373,520 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Total payments | | | 3,847,519 | | | | 3,524,939 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Claims payable, end of period | | $ | 544,526 | | | $ | 521,820 | |
| | | | | | | | |
Health benefits expense incurred during both periods was reduced for amounts related to prior years. The amounts related to prior years include the impact of amounts previously included in the liability to establish it at a level sufficient under moderately adverse conditions that were not needed and the reduction in health benefits expense due to revisions to prior estimates.
Selling, general and administrative expenses
SG&A for the three months ended September 30, 2011 increased $24.0 million, or 22.4%, to $130.8 million from $106.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2010. The SG&A to total revenues ratio was 8.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2011 compared to 7.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2010. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, SG&A increased $37.1 million, or 11.2%, to $369.5 million from $332.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The SG&A to total revenues ratio was 7.9% and 7.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The increase in both periods is due in part to increased salary and benefit expenses as a result of moderate workforce, wage and benefits increases. The increase in both periods was further attributable to increases in advertising and marketing relating to our rebranding activities and purchased services related to corporate projects. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, the increase was partially offset by decreases in variable compensation accruals.
Premium tax expense
Premium taxes were $41.2 million and $40.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively and $122.1 million and $105.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010 is due in part to the reinstatement of a premium tax in the State of Georgia in July 2010 and premium revenue growth in the majority of the markets where premium tax is levied. The increase was further attributable to premium revenue growth in the State of Tennessee relating to our entry into the TennCare CHOICES program in March 2010 and premium revenue growth relating to our Texas expansion into the Fort Worth STAR+PLUS program in February 2011.
Provision for income taxes
Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $28.4 million and $51.0 million, respectively, with an effective tax rate of 37.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010 was $95.9 million and $116.9 million, respectively, with an
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effective tax rate of 37.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 decreased due to a reduction in the blended state income tax rate.
Net income
Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2011 was $48.1 million, or $0.96 per diluted share, compared to net income of $84.3 million, or $1.68 per diluted share for the three months ended September 30, 2010. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, net income was $162.8 million, or $3.14 per diluted share, compared to $193.7 million, or $3.81 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The decrease in net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 was primarily a result of moderate increases in medical cost trends and lower favorable reserve development in current periods compared to prior periods. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, these effects were partially offset by favorable retroactive premium adjustments greater than that in the prior period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We manage our cash, investments and capital structure so we are able to meet the short- and long-term obligations of our business while maintaining financial flexibility and liquidity. We forecast, analyze and monitor our cash flows to enable prudent investment management and financing within the confines of our financial strategy.
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, short- and long-term investments, and cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2011, we had cash and cash equivalents of $638.5 million, short- and long-term investments of $1.1 billion and restricted investments on deposit for licensure of $125.6 million. Cash, cash equivalents, and investments which are unregulated totaled $298.0 million at September 30, 2011.
Universal Automatic Shelf Registration
On December 15, 2008, we filed a universal automatic shelf registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which enables us to sell, in one or more public offerings, common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and other securities at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the applicable offering. The shelf registration provides us with the flexibility to publicly offer and sell securities at times we believe market conditions make such an offering attractive. Because we are a well-known seasoned issuer, the shelf registration statement was effective upon filing. No securities have been issued under the shelf registration. On November 1, 2011, we announced our intention to offer, subject to market and other conditions, $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes pursuant to the shelf registration statement. (See “Cash and Investments” below.)
Share Repurchase Program
On August 4, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized a $250.0 million increase to our ongoing share repurchase program, bringing the total authorization to $650.0 million. The $650.0 million authorization is for repurchases made from and after August 5, 2009. Pursuant to this share repurchase program, we repurchased 1,693,879 shares of our common stock and placed them into treasury during the three months ended September 30, 2011 at an aggregate cost of $77.2 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, we repurchased and placed into treasury 2,948,812 shares of our common stock at an aggregate cost of $157.2 million. As of September 30, 2011, we had remaining authorization to purchase up to an additional $317.1 million of shares of our common stock under the share repurchase program.
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Cash and Investments
Cash provided by operations was $243.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to $202.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in cash provided by operations primarily resulted from an increase in cash flows generated from working capital changes of $59.3 million partially offset by a decrease in net income adjusted for non-cash items of $16.8 million. The increase in cash provided by working capital changes was due, in part, to routine changes in the timing of receipts of premium from government agencies of $57.6 million and variability in claims payable, which is impacted by growth in our markets, of $41.1 million. The increase in cash provided by working capital changes was partially offset by a net decrease in cash provided through changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses, contractual refunds payable and other current liabilities of $32.0 million primarily due to fluctuations in variable compensation accruals as well as a net decrease in cash provided through changes in prepaid expenses, provider and other receivables and other current assets of $7.3 million primarily due to fluctuations in the timing of payments for premium taxes.
Cash used in investing activities was $259.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to $152.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in cash used in investing activities of $107.7 million is due primarily to an increase in the net purchases of investments and investments on deposit of $104.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2010, partially offset by the impact of our New Jersey health plan’s acquisition of the Medicaid contracts rights from University Health Plans, Inc. for $13.4 million in March 2010. We currently anticipate total capital expenditures for 2011 to be between approximately $45.0 million and $50.0 million related primarily to technological infrastructure development of new systems, as well as enhancement of our core systems, to further increase scalability and efficiency. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, total capital expenditures were $31.5 million.
Our investment policies are designed to preserve capital, provide liquidity and maximize total return on invested assets. As of September 30, 2011, our investment portfolio consisted primarily of fixed-income securities with a weighted average maturity of approximately twenty-four months. We utilize investment vehicles such as auction rate securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, debt securities of government sponsored entities, equity index funds, federally insured corporate bonds, money market funds, municipal bonds and U.S. Treasury securities. The states in which we operate prescribe the types of instruments in which our subsidiaries may invest their funds. As of September 30, 2011, we had total cash and investments of approximately $1.8 billion.
The following table shows the types and percentages of our holdings within our investment portfolio, as well as the average Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”) ratings, if applicable, for our investments in debt securities, at September 30, 2011:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Portfolio Percentage | | | Average S&P Rating | |
Auction rate securities | | | 0.8 | % | | | AAA | |
Cash, bank deposits and commercial paper | | | 2.6 | % | | | AAA | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 7.3 | % | | | AAA | |
Corporate bonds | | | 23.8 | % | | | A | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities, federally insured corporate bonds and U.S. Treasury securities | | | 19.7 | % | | | AA+ | |
Equity index funds | | | 1.6 | % | | | * | |
Money market funds | | | 26.9 | % | | | AAA | |
Municipal bonds | | | 17.3 | % | | | AA+ | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 100.0 | % | | | AA | |
| | | | | | | | |
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As of September 30, 2011, $14.9 million of our investments were comprised of securities with an auction reset feature (“auction rate securities”) issued by student loan corporations established by various state governments. Since early 2008, auctions for these auction rate securities have failed, significantly decreasing our ability to liquidate these securities prior to maturity. As we cannot predict the timing of future successful auctions, if any, our auction rate securities are classified as available-for-sale and are carried at fair value within long-term investments. The weighted average life of our auction rate securities portfolio, based on the final maturity, is approximately twenty-three years. We currently believe that the $1.3 million net unrealized loss position that remains at September 30, 2011 on our auction rate securities portfolio is primarily due to liquidity concerns and not the creditworthiness of the underlying issuers. We currently have the intent to hold our auction rate securities to maturity, if required, or if and when market stability is restored with respect to these investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, certain investments in auction rate securities were called at par for net proceeds of $6.5 million.
Cash used in financing activities was $108.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 compared to $65.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. The increase in cash used in financing activities of $43.3 million is primarily due to an increase in the change in bank overdrafts of $45.2 million and an increase in repurchases of our common stock of $43.1 million partially offset by an increase in proceeds from employee stock option exercises and stock purchases of $27.2 million and an increase in the tax benefit relating to share-based payments of $14.3 million.
We believe that existing cash and investment balances and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to support continuing operations, capital expenditures and our growth strategy for at least 12 months. Our debt-to-total capital ratio at September 30, 2011 was 16.9%. We utilize the debt-to-total capital ratio as a measure, among others, of our leverage and financial flexibility. We believe our current debt-to-total capital ratio allows us flexibility to access debt financing should the need or opportunity arise. On November 1, 2011, we announced our intention to offer to sell, subject to market and other conditions, $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes pursuant to the shelf registration statement. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay at or prior to maturity the outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes due May 15, 2012 (the “2.0% Convertible Notes”). The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, acquisitions and/or business development opportunities which may include the funding of statutory capital commensurate with growth and funding of our recently announced acquisition of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, a PHSP in New York. There can be no assurance that the offering will be consummated.
Our access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to our industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the possibility that lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us. If a combination of these factors were to occur, our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms.
Convertible Senior Notes
As of September 30, 2011, we had $259.9 million outstanding in aggregate principal amount of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. The 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes are governed by an indenture dated as of March 28, 2007 (the “Indenture”). The 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equal in right of payment with all of our existing and future senior debt and senior to all of
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our subordinated debt. The 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes bear interest at a rate of 2.0% per year, payable semiannually in arrears in cash on May 15 and November 15 of each year and mature on May 15, 2012, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with the Indenture.
Upon conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, we will pay cash up to the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes converted. With respect to any conversion value in excess of the principal amount, we have the option to settle the excess with cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof based on a daily conversion value, as defined in the Indenture. The initial conversion rate for the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes is 23.5114 shares of common stock per one thousand dollars of principal amount of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, which represents a 32.5% conversion premium based on the closing price of $32.10 per share of our common stock on March 22, 2007 and is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $42.53 per share of common stock. Consequently, under the provisions of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if the market price of our common stock exceeds $42.53 we will be obligated to settle, in cash and/or shares of our common stock at our option, an amount equal to approximately $6.1 million for each dollar in share price that the market price of our common stock exceeds $42.53, or the conversion value in excess of the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. In periods prior to conversion, the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes would also have a dilutive impact to earnings if the average market price of our common stock exceeds $42.53 for the period reported. At conversion, the dilutive impact would result if the conversion value in excess of the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if any, is settled in shares of our common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for accrued interest. In addition, if a “fundamental change” occurs prior to the maturity date, we will in some cases increase the conversion rate for a holder of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes that elects to convert their 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes in connection with such fundamental change. As of September 30, 2011, the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes had a dilutive impact to earnings per share as the average market price of our common stock of $53.03 and $58.00 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, respectively, exceeded the conversion price of $42.53.
Concurrent with the issuance of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, we purchased convertible note hedges, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, covering 6,112,964 shares of our common stock. The convertible note hedges are expected to offset the potential dilution upon conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes in the event that the market value per share of our common stock, as measured under the convertible note hedges, at the time of exercise is greater than the strike price of the convertible note hedges. Consequently, under the provisions of the convertible note hedges, we are entitled to receive, at our option, cash and/or shares of our common stock in an amount equal to the conversion value in excess of the principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes from the counterparty to the convertible note hedges.
Also concurrent with the issuance of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, we sold warrants to acquire, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, 6,112,964 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $53.77 per share. If the average market price of our common stock during a defined period ending on or about the settlement date exceeds the exercise price of the warrants, the warrants will be settled in shares of our common stock. Consequently, under the provisions of the warrant instruments, if the market price of our common stock exceeds $53.77 at exercise we will be obligated to settle in shares of our common stock an amount equal to approximately $6.1 million for each dollar that the market price of our common stock exceeds $53.77 resulting in a dilutive impact to our earnings. As of September 30, 2011, the warrant instruments had a dilutive impact to earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 as the average market price of our common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 of $58.00 exceeded the $53.77 exercise price of the warrants. The warrant instruments did not have a dilutive impact to earnings per share for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as the average market price of our common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2011 of $53.03 did not exceed the $53.77 exercise price of the warrants.
The convertible note hedges and warrants are separate instruments which do not affect holders’ rights under the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes.
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During the three months ended September 30, 2011, certain bondholders converted $120,000 in aggregate principal amount of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes with a conversion value in excess of the principal amount of $82,000. We paid the consideration for the conversion of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes using cash on hand and the conversion value in excess of the principal amount converted was recouped through cash received from the counterparty pursuant to the convertible note hedge instruments.
As of September 30, 2011, our common stock was last traded at a price of $39.01 per share. Based on this value, if the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes had been converted or matured at September 30, 2011, we would be obligated to pay only the principal of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes as the per share price of our common stock did not exceed the conversion price of $42.53 per share. At this per share value, no shares would be delivered under the warrant instruments as the per share value is less than the exercise price of the warrants.
On November 1, 2011, we announced our intention to offer to sell, subject to market and other conditions, $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes pursuant to the shelf registration statement. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay at or prior to maturity the outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. The remaining net proceeds will be used for general corporate purposes, acquisitions and/or business development opportunities which may include the funding of statutory capital commensurate with growth and funding of our recently announced acquisition of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, a PHSP in New York. There can be no assurance that the offering will be consummated. If we are unable to consummate the offering, we may choose to pay the principal of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes with unregulated cash and investments, proceeds from dividends from our subsidiaries or proceeds from debt or equity financing, or a combination thereof.
Further, to the extent the counterparties to the convertible note hedges are unwilling or unable to fulfill the obligations under the convertible note hedges, our financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
We may also choose to pursue additional capital through proceeds of debt financing in addition to the proposed offering described above to increase our liquidity. Our access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to our industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as lenders’ perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services counterparty credit and senior debt ratings on the Company is currently at BB+.
Similarly, our access to additional financing may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us or if lenders develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. If a combination of these factors were to occur, our internal sources of liquidity may prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all.
Regulatory Capital and Dividend Restrictions
Our operations are conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which include Health Maintenance Organizations (“HMOs”), two health insuring corporations (“HICs”) and one PHSP. HMOs, HICs and PHSPs are subject to state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital, as defined by each state, and regulate the timing, payment and amount of dividends and other distributions that may be paid to their stockholders. Additionally, certain state regulatory agencies may require individual regulated entities to maintain statutory capital levels higher than the minimum capital and surplus levels under state regulations. As of September 30, 2011, we believe our subsidiaries are in compliance with all minimum statutory capital requirements. The parent company may be required to fund minimum net worth shortfalls or choose to increase capital at its subsidiary health plans during the remainder of 2011 using unregulated cash, cash equivalents, investments or a combination thereof. We believe, as a result, that we will continue to be in compliance with these requirements at least through the end of 2011. Additionally, in
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connection with our acquisition of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, if consummated, we will also be required to fund certain minimum statutory capital levels commensurate with the anticipated increase in the membership of our New York health plan in 2012.
The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) has defined risk-based capital (“RBC”) standards for HMOs, insurers and other entities bearing risk for healthcare coverage that are designed to measure capitalization levels by comparing each company’s adjusted capital to its required capital (“RBC ratio”). The RBC ratio is designed to reflect the risk profile of HMOs and insurers by establishing the minimum amount of capital appropriate for an HMO or insurer to support its overall business operations in consideration of its size, structure and risk profile. Within certain ratio ranges, regulators have increasing authority to take action as the RBC ratio decreases. There are four levels of regulatory action based on the HMO or insurer’s financial condition, ranging from (a) requiring insurers to submit a comprehensive RBC plan to the state insurance commissioner containing proposals for corrective action, to (b) requiring the state insurance commissioner to place the insurer under regulatory control (e.g., rehabilitation or liquidation) pursuant to the state insurer receivership statute. Eight of the eleven states in which we currently operate have adopted RBC as the measure of required surplus. At September 30, 2011, our RBC ratio in each of these states exceeded the required thresholds at which regulatory action would be initiated. Although not all states had adopted these rules at September 30, 2011, at that date, each of our active health plans had a surplus that exceeded either the applicable state net worth requirements or, where adopted, the levels that would require regulatory action under the NAIC’s RBC rules.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations, including both on- and off-balance sheet arrangements, and our commitments at September 30, 2011 (in thousands):
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Contractual Obligations | | Total | | | Remainder of 2011 | | | 2012 | | | 2013 | | | 2014 | | | 2015 | | | 2016 | | | Thereafter | |
Long-term obligations, including interest | | $ | 265,078 | | | $ | 2,599 | | | $ | 262,479 | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | |
Operating lease obligations | | | 88,246 | | | | 4,110 | | | | 15,657 | | | | 12,173 | | | | 10,192 | | | | 9,282 | | | | 8,620 | | | | 28,212 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total contractual obligations | | $ | 353,324 | | | $ | 6,709 | | | | 278,136 | | | $ | 12,173 | | | $ | 10,192 | | | $ | 9,282 | | | $ | 8,620 | | | $ | 28,212 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Long-term Obligations. Long-term obligations include amounts due under our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes which mature May 15, 2012. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds of the unsecured notes offering discussed above to repay at or prior to maturity our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. (See “Convertible Senior Notes” on page 36, herein.)
Operating Lease Obligations. Our operating lease obligations are primarily for payments under non-cancelable office space and office equipment leases.
Commitments. On October 25, 2011, we and our New York health plan signed an agreement to purchase substantially all of the operating assets and contract rights of Health Plus, one of the largest Medicaid PHSPs in New York, for $85.0 million. Health Plus currently serves approximately 320,000 members in New York State’s Medicaid, Family Health Plus and Child Health Plus programs, as well as the federal Medicare Advantage program. We intend to fund the purchase price through available cash, which may include a portion of the proceeds from our proposed senior unsecured notes offering. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources – Cash and Investments.” The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and other closing conditions and is expected to close in the first half of 2012; although, there can be no assurance as to the timing of consummation of this transaction or if this transaction will be consummated at all.
As of September 30, 2011, the Company had no other material commitments.
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Recent Accounting Standards
Federal Premium-Based Assessment
In July 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued new guidance related to accounting for the fees to be paid by health insurers to the federal government under the Affordable Care Act. The Affordable Care Act imposes an annual fee on health insurers for each calendar year beginning on or after January 1, 2014 that is allocated to health insurers based on the ratio of the amount of an entity’s net premium revenues written during the preceding calendar year to the amount of health insurance for any U.S. health risk that is written during the preceding calendar year. The new guidance specifies that the liability for the fee should be estimated and recorded in full once the entity provides qualifying health insurance in the applicable calendar year in which the fee is payable with a corresponding deferred cost that is amortized to expense using a straight-line method of allocation unless another method better allocates the fee over the calendar year that it is payable. The new guidance is effective for calendar years beginning after December 31, 2013, when the fee initially becomes effective. As enacted, this federal premium-based assessment is non-deductible for income tax purposes and is anticipated to be significant. It is yet undetermined how this premium-based assessment will be factored into the calculation of our premium rates, if at all. Accordingly, adoption of this guidance and the enactment of this assessment as currently written could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk |
Our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include a number of assets whose fair values are subject to market risk. Due to our significant investment in fixed-income investments, interest rate risk represents a market risk factor affecting our consolidated financial position. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in fair values of those instruments. The financial markets have experienced periods of volatility and disruption, which have impacted liquidity and valuations of many financial instruments. While we do not believe we have experienced material adverse changes in the value of our cash equivalents and investments, disruptions could impact the value of these assets and other financial assets we may hold in the future. There can be no assurance that future changes in interest rates, creditworthiness of issuers, prepayment activity, liquidity available in the market and other general market conditions will not have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
As of September 30, 2011, substantially all of our investments were in investment grade securities that have historically exhibited good liquidity.
The fair value of our fixed-income investment portfolio is exposed to interest rate risk — the risk of loss in fair value resulting from changes in prevailing market rates of interest for similar financial instruments. However, we have the ability to hold fixed-income investments to maturity. We rely on the experience and judgment of senior management and experienced third-party investment advisors to monitor and mitigate the effects of market risk. The allocation among various types of securities is adjusted from time-to-time based on market conditions, credit conditions, tax policy, fluctuations in interest rates and other factors. In addition, we place the majority of our investments in high-quality, liquid securities and limit the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. As of September 30, 2011, an increase of 1% in interest rates on securities with maturities greater than one year would reduce the fair value of our fixed-income investment portfolio by approximately $26.3 million. Conversely, a reduction of 1% in interest rates on securities with maturities greater than one year would increase the fair value of our fixed-income investment portfolio by approximately $24.8 million. The above changes in fair value are impacted by securities in our portfolio that have a call provision. We believe this fair value presentation is indicative of our market risk because it evaluates each investment based on its individual characteristics. Consequently, the fair value presentation does not assume that each investment reacts identically based on a 1% change in interest rates.
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Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting. During the third quarter of 2011, in connection with our evaluation of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we concluded there were no changes in our internal control procedures that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
The information required under this Item 1 of Part II is contained in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q in Note 10 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and such information is incorporated herein by reference in this Item 1 of Part II.
Risks Related to our Business
Our inability to manage medical costs effectively could reduce our profitability.
Our profitability depends, to a significant degree, on our ability to predict and effectively manage medical costs. Changes in healthcare regulations and practices, level of use of healthcare services, hospital costs, pharmaceutical costs, major epidemics, pandemics, such as the H1N1 virus in 2009, new medical technologies and other external factors, including general economic conditions such as inflation levels or natural disasters, are beyond our control and could reduce our ability to predict and effectively control the costs of healthcare services. Although we attempt to manage medical costs through a variety of techniques, including various payment methods to PCPs and other providers, advance approval for hospital services and referral requirements, medical management and quality management programs, and our information systems and reinsurance arrangements, we may not be able to manage costs effectively in the future. In addition, new products or new markets, such as our expansion in Fort Worth, Texas to offer managed care services to ABD members in 2011 and our further planned expansion into Louisiana and rural service areas in Texas, among others, in 2012, could pose new and unexpected challenges to effectively manage medical costs. It is possible that there could be an increase in the volume or value of appeals for claims previously denied and claims previously paid to out-of-network providers could be appealed and subsequently reprocessed at higher amounts. This would result in an adjustment to health benefits expense. If our costs for medical services increase, our profits could be reduced, or we may not remain profitable.
We maintain reinsurance to help protect us against individually severe or catastrophic medical claims, but we can provide no assurance that such reinsurance coverage will be adequate or available to us in the future or that the cost of such reinsurance will not limit our ability to obtain appropriate levels of coverage.
Our limited ability to accurately predict our incurred but not reported medical expenses has in the past and could in the future materially impact our reported results.
Our health benefits expense includes estimates of the cost of claims for services rendered to our members that are yet to be received, or incurred but not reported IBNR including claims that have been received but not yet processed through our claims system. We estimate our IBNR health benefits expense based on a number of factors, including authorization data, prior claims experience, maturity of markets, complexity and mix of products and stability of provider networks. Adjustments, if necessary, are made to health benefits expense in the period during which the actual claim costs are ultimately determined or when underlying assumptions or factors used to estimate IBNR change. We cannot be sure that our current or future IBNR estimates are adequate or that any further adjustments to such IBNR estimates will not significantly harm or benefit our results of operations. Further, our inability to accurately estimate IBNR may also affect our ability to take timely corrective actions, further exacerbating the extent of the impact on our results of operations. Though we employ substantial efforts to estimate our IBNR at each reporting date, we can give no assurance that the ultimate results will not materially differ from our estimates resulting in a material increase or decrease in our health benefits expense in the period such difference is determined. New products or new markets, such as our recent and planned expansions in the Louisiana and Texas markets, or significant volatility in membership enrollment and healthcare service utilization patterns, could pose new and unexpected challenges to effectively predict health benefits expense.
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We derive a majority of our premium revenues and net income from a small number of states, in particular, the State of Texas, and if we fail to retain our contracts in those states, or if the conditions in those states change, our business and results of operations may suffer.
We earn substantially all of our revenues by serving members who receive healthcare benefits through contracts with government agencies in the jurisdictions in which we operate. For the year ended December 31, 2010, our Texas contract represented approximately 23% of our premium revenues and our Tennessee, Georgia and Maryland contracts represented approximately 15%, 12% and 11% of our premium revenues, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2011, our Texas contract represented approximately 24% of our premium revenues and our Tennessee, Georgia and Maryland contracts represented approximately 15%, 12% and 11% of our premium revenues, respectively. Our reliance on operations in a limited number of states could cause our revenue and profitability to change suddenly and unexpectedly as a result of significant premium rate reductions, a loss of a material contract, legislative actions, changes in Medicaid eligibility methodologies, catastrophic claims, an epidemic or pandemic, or an unexpected increase in medical service utilization, general economic conditions and similar factors in those states. Our inability to continue to operate in any of the states in which we currently operate, or a significant change in the nature of our existing operations, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations.
Some of our contracts are subject to a re-bidding or re-application process. For example, the Georgia Department of Community Health (“GA DCH”) expects to begin reprocurement of its entire managed care program in the State of Georgia sometime in the forthcoming year. If we lost a contract through the re-bidding process, or if an increased number of competitors were awarded contracts in a specific market, our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods could be materially and adversely affected.
Changes in the number of Medicaid eligible beneficiaries, or benefits provided to Medicaid eligible beneficiaries or a change in mix of Medicaid eligible beneficiaries could cause our operating results to suffer.
Historically, the number of persons eligible to receive Medicaid benefits has increased during periods of rising unemployment, corresponding to less favorable general economic conditions. This pattern has been consistent with our experience of significant membership growth during the recession that occurred during the past few years. However, during such economic downturns, available state budget dollars can and have decreased, causing states to attempt to cut healthcare programs, benefits and premium rates. If this were to happen while our membership was increasing, our results of operations could suffer. Macroeconomic conditions in recent years have resulted in such budget challenges in the states in which we operate, placing pressures on the premium rate-setting process. Conversely, the number of persons eligible to receive Medicaid benefits may grow more slowly or even decline as economic conditions improve, thereby causing our operating results to suffer. In either case, in the event that the Company experiences a change in product mix to less profitable product lines or the membership we serve becomes less profitable due to decreases in premium rates, our profitability could be negatively impacted.
Receipt of inadequate or significantly delayed premiums could negatively impact our revenues, profitability and cash flows.
Most of our revenues are generated by premiums consisting of fixed monthly payments per member. These premiums are fixed by contract and we are obligated during the contract period to facilitate access to healthcare services as established by the state governments. We have less control over costs related to the provision of healthcare services than we do over our selling, general and administrative expenses. Historically, our reported expenses related to health benefits as a percentage of premium revenue have fluctuated. For example, our expenses related to health benefits were 81.6%, 85.4% and 82.9% of our premium revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and 83.3% and 82.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. If health benefits expense increases at a higher rate than premium increases, our results of operations would be impacted negatively. In addition, if there is a significant delay in premium rate increases provided by states to offset increasing health benefits expense, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows could be negatively impacted.
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Premiums are generally contractually payable to us before or during the month for which we are obligated to provide services to our members. Our cash flow would be negatively impacted if premium payments are not made according to contract terms.
As participants in state and federal healthcare programs, we are subject to extensive fraud and abuse laws which may give rise to lawsuits and claims against us, and the outcome of these lawsuits and claims may have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and liquidity.
Our operations are subject to various state and federal healthcare laws commonly referred to as “fraud and abuse” laws, including the federal False Claims Act. Many states have false claims act statutes which mirror the provisions of the federal act. The federal False Claims Act prohibits any person from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented to the federal government, a false or fraudulent claim for payment. Suits filed under the federal False Claims Act, known as “qui tam” actions, can be brought by any individual (known as a “relator” or, more commonly, “whistleblower”) on behalf of the government. Qui tam actions have increased significantly in recent years, causing greater numbers of healthcare companies to have to defend a false claim action, pay fines or be excluded from the Medicaid, Medicare or other state or federal healthcare programs as a result of an investigation arising out of such action. In addition, the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (the “DRA”) encourages states to enact state- versions of the federal False Claims Act that establish liability to the state for false and fraudulent Medicaid claims and that provide for, among other things, claims to be filed byqui tamrelators.
In 2002, a former employee of our former Illinois subsidiary filed aqui tamaction alleging that the subsidiary had submitted false claims under the Medicaid program by maintaining a scheme to discourage or avoid the enrollment into the health plan of pregnant women and other recipients with special needs. Following trial, the jury returned a verdict in favor of the relator and the court entered a judgment against the Company and its subsidiary. In August 2008, we settled this matter and paid the aggregate amount of $225.0 million as a settlement plus approximately $9.2 million to the former employee for legal fees.
Although we believe we are in substantial compliance with applicable healthcare laws, we can give no assurances that we will not be subject to additional federal False Claims Act suits in the future. Any violations of any applicable fraud and abuse laws or any federal False Claims Act suit against us could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Failure to comply with the terms of our government contracts could negatively impact our profitability and subject us to fines, penalties and liquidated damages.
We contract with various state governmental agencies and CMS to provide managed healthcare services. These contracts contain certain provisions regarding data submission, provider network maintenance, quality measures, continuity of care, call center performance and other requirements specific to state and program regulations. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to fines, penalties and liquidated damages that could impact our profitability. Additionally, we could be required to file a corrective action plan with the state and we could be subject to fines, penalties and liquidated damages and additional corrective action measures if we did not comply with the corrective plan of action. Our failure to comply could also affect future membership enrollment levels. These limitations could negatively impact our revenues and operating results.
Changes in Medicaid or Medicare funding by the states or the federal government could substantially reduce our profitability.
Most of our revenues come from state government Medicaid premiums. The base premium rate paid by each state differs depending on a combination of various factors such as defined upper payment limits, a member’s health status, age, gender, county or region, benefit mix and member eligibility category. Future levels of Medicaid premium rates may be affected by continued government efforts to contain medical costs and may further be affected by state and federal budgetary constraints. Although it is not clear there is legislative support
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for any of the proposals, recent budget proposals for 2012 have suggested federal cuts to Medicaid funding (i.e. through block grants, modifications to the formula that calculates the federal Medical Assistance Percentage (“FMAP”) and other means) by as much as $1 trillion over 10 years. Changes to Medicaid programs could reduce the number of persons enrolled or eligible, reduce the amount of reimbursement or payment levels, or increase our administrative or healthcare costs under such programs. States periodically consider reducing or reallocating the amount of money they spend for Medicaid. We believe that additional reductions in Medicaid payments could substantially reduce our profitability. Further, our contracts with the states are subject to cancellation in the event of the unavailability of state funds. In some jurisdictions, such cancellation may be immediate and in other jurisdictions a notice period is required.
State governments generally are experiencing tight budgetary conditions within their Medicaid programs. Macroeconomic conditions in recent years have, and are expected to continue to, put pressure on state budgets as the Medicaid eligible population increases, creating more need and competing for funding with other state budget items. We anticipate this will require government agencies with whom we contract to find funding alternatives, which may result in reductions in funding for current programs and program expansions, contraction of covered benefits, limited or no premium rate increases or premium decreases. If any state in which we operate were to decrease premiums paid to us, or pay us less than the amount necessary to keep pace with our cost trends, it could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and operating results.
Additionally, a portion of our premium revenues comes from CMS through our Medicare Advantage contracts. As a consequence, our Medicare Advantage plans are dependent on federal government funding levels. The premium rates paid to Medicare health plans are established by contract, although the rates differ depending on a combination of factors, including upper payment limits established by CMS, a member’s health profile and status, age, gender, county or region, benefit mix, member eligibility categories, and the member’s risk scores. The Affordable Care Act included significant cuts in payments to Medicare Advantage plans and restructured payments to Medicare Advantage plans by setting payments to different percentages of Medicare fee-for-service rates. The Affordable Care Act also froze 2011 benchmark rates at 2010 levels so that in 2011, Medicare Advantage plans did not receive rate increases to account for recent healthcare cost increases or Medicare physician payment increases enacted since the implementation of 2010 Medicare Advantage benchmarks. Phase-in for this revised payment schedule will last for three years for plans in most areas, and last as long as four to six years for plans in other areas.
Through a combination of the Affordable Care Act and a CMS Demonstration Project, beginning in 2012, Medicare Advantage plans can earn a bonus payment if the plan receives three or more stars (based on that year’s applicable current five-star quality rating system for Medicare Advantage plans). Under proposed regulations that may become effective, beginning with the 2013 Star rating, plans that receive fewer than three stars in three consecutive years may be terminated from the Medicare Advantage program and will not be eligible to participate in the program again for 38 months. As of September 30, 2011, two of our seven Medicare Advantage plans had not received star ratings and the remaining five plans had received ratings of 2.5 out of five stars. Although we have implemented initiatives to improve the star ratings of the plans that have received them to at least three out of five stars, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in improving the star ratings for any or all of our Medicare Advantage plans.
In addition, continuing government efforts to contain healthcare related expenditures, including prescription drug costs, and other federal budgetary constraints that result in changes in the Medicare program, including with respect to funding, could lead to reductions in the amount of reimbursement, elimination of coverage for certain benefits or mandate additional benefits, and reductions in the number of persons enrolled in or eligible for Medicare, which in turn could reduce the number of beneficiaries enrolled in our health plans and have a material adverse effect on our revenues and operating results.
Lastly, CMS has conducted Risk Adjustment Data Validation (“RADV”) audits to review the diagnosis code information provided by managed care companies for medical records in support of the reported diagnosis
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codes. These audits were performed on a sample basis across all Medicare Advantage plans. In 2009, CMS announced an expansion of these audits to include targeted or contract specific audits. These audits will cover calendar year 2009 and 2010 contract years with the intent of determining an error rate from a selected sample and extrapolating that error to determine any overpayments made to the Medicare Advantage plan. The payment error calculation methodology is currently proposed and CMS has requested comments on the proposed methodology. To date, we have not been notified that any of our Medicare Advantage plans have been selected for audit. If we are selected for audit and the payment error calculation methodology is employed as proposed, we could be subject to an assessment for overpayment of premium for the years under audit due to the inherent judgment required when reviewing medical records and those assessments could be significant.
Delays in program expansions or contract changes could negatively impact our business.
In any program start-up, expansion, or re-bid, the implementation of the contract as designed may be affected by factors beyond our control. These include political considerations, network development, contract appeals, membership assignment (allocation for members who do not self-select) and errors in the bidding process, as well as difficulties experienced by other private vendors involved in the implementation, such as enrollment brokers. Our business, particularly plans for expansion or increased membership levels, could be negatively impacted by these delays or changes.
If a state fails to renew its federal waiver application for mandated Medicaid enrollment into managed care or such application is denied, our membership in that state will likely decrease.
States may only mandate Medicaid enrollment into managed care under federal waivers or demonstrations. Waivers and programs under demonstrations are approved for two-year periods and can be renewed on an ongoing basis if the state applies. We have no control over this renewal process. If a state does not renew its mandated program or the federal government denies the state’s application for renewal, our business could suffer as a result of a likely decrease in membership.
We rely on the accuracy of eligibility lists provided by state governments, and in the case of our Medicare Advantage members, by the federal government. Inaccuracies in those lists could negatively affect our results of operations.
Premium payments to us are based upon eligibility lists produced by government enrollment data. From time-to-time, governments require us to reimburse them for premiums paid to us based on an eligibility list that a government later determines contained individuals who were not in fact eligible for a government sponsored program, were enrolled twice in the same program or were eligible for a different premium category or a different program. Alternatively, a government could fail to pay us for members for whom we are entitled to receive payment. These reimbursements and recoupments can be significant in a given period and have occurred in periods that are significantly after the original date of eligibility. Our results of operations could be adversely affected as a result of such reimbursement to the government or inability to receive payments we are due if we had made related payments to providers and were unable to recoup such payments from the providers.
Our inability to operate new business opportunities at underwritten levels could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In underwriting new business opportunities we must estimate future health benefits expense. We utilize a range of information and develop numerous assumptions. The information we use can often include, but is not limited to, historical cost data, population demographics, experience from other markets, trend assumptions and other general underwriting factors. The information we utilize may be inadequate or not applicable and our assumptions may be incorrect. If our underwriting estimates are incorrect, our cost experience could be materially different than expected. If costs are higher than expected, our operating results could be adversely affected.
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Our inability to maintain good relations with providers could harm our profitability or subject us to material fines, penalties or sanctions.
We contract with providers as a means to assure access to healthcare services for our members, to manage healthcare costs and utilization, and to better monitor the quality of care being delivered. In any particular market, providers could refuse to contract with us, demand higher payments, or take other actions which could result in higher healthcare costs, disruption to provider access for current members, or difficulty in meeting regulatory or accreditation requirements.
Our profitability depends, in large part, upon our ability to contract on favorable terms with hospitals, physicians and other healthcare providers. Our provider arrangements with our primary care physicians and specialists usually are for two-year periods and automatically renew for successive one-year terms, subject to termination by us for cause based on provider conduct or other appropriate reasons. The contracts generally may be canceled by either party without cause upon 60 to 120 days prior written notice. Our contracts with hospitals are usually for one- to two-year periods and automatically renew for successive one-year periods, subject to termination for cause due to provider misconduct or other appropriate reasons. Generally, our hospital contracts may be canceled by either party without cause on 60 to 120 days prior written notice. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to renew such contracts or enter into new contracts enabling us to service our members profitably. We will be required to establish acceptable provider networks prior to entering new markets. Although we have established long-term relationships with many of our providers, we may be unable to enter into agreements with providers in new markets on a timely basis or under favorable terms. If we are unable to retain our current provider contracts, or enter into new provider contracts timely or on favorable terms, our profitability could be adversely affected. In some markets, certain providers, particularly hospitals, physician/hospital organizations and some specialists, may have significant market positions. If these providers refuse to contract with us or utilize their market position to negotiate favorable contracts to themselves, our profitability could be adversely affected.
Some providers that render services to our members have not entered into contracts with our health plans (out-of-network providers). In those cases, there is no pre-established understanding between the out-of-network provider and the health plan about the amount of compensation that is due to the provider. In some states, with respect to certain services, the amount that the health plan must pay to out-of-network providers for services provided to our members is defined by law or regulation, but in certain instances it is either not defined or it is established by a standard that is not clearly translatable into dollar terms. In such instances, we generally pay out-of-network providers based on our standard out-of-network fee schedule. Out-of-network providers may believe they are underpaid for their services and may either litigate or arbitrate their dispute with the health plan. The uncertainty of the amount to pay and the possibility of subsequent adjustment of the payment could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are required to establish acceptable provider networks prior to entering new markets and to maintain such networks as a condition to continued operation in those markets. If we are unable to retain our current provider networks, or establish provider networks in new markets in a timely manner or on favorable terms, our profitability could be harmed. Further if we are unable to retain our current provider networks, we may be subject to material fines, penalties or sanctions from state or federal regulatory authorities, including but not limited to monetary fines, enrollment freezes and/or termination of our state or federal contracts.
Our inability to integrate, manage and grow our information systems effectively could disrupt our operations.
Our operations are significantly dependent on effective information systems. The information gathered and processed by our information systems assists us in, among other things, monitoring utilization and other cost factors, processing provider claims and providing data to our regulators. Our providers also depend upon our information systems for membership verifications, claims status and other information.
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We operate our markets through integrated information technology systems for our financial, claims, customer service, care management, encounter management and sales/marketing systems. The ability to capture, process, enable local access to data and translate it into meaningful information is essential to our ability to operate across a multi-state service area in a cost efficient manner. Our information systems and applications require continual maintenance, upgrading and enhancement to meet our operational needs. Moreover, any acquisition activity requires migrations to our platform and the integration of, various information systems. We are continually upgrading and expanding our information systems capabilities. If we experience difficulties with the transition to or from information systems or are unable to properly maintain or expand our information systems, we could suffer, among other things, from operational disruptions, loss of existing members and difficulty in attracting new members, regulatory problems and increases in administrative expenses.
Failure of a business in a new state or market could negatively impact our results of operations.
Start-up costs associated with a new business can be substantial. For example, in order to obtain a certificate of authority and obtain a state contract in most jurisdictions, we must first establish a provider network, have systems in place and demonstrate our ability to process claims. If we are unsuccessful in obtaining the necessary license, winning the bid to provide service or attracting members in numbers sufficient to cover our costs, the new business would fail. We also could be obligated by the state to continue to provide services for some period of time without sufficient revenue to cover our ongoing costs or recover start-up costs. The costs associated with starting up the business could have a significant impact on our results of operations. In addition, if the new business does not operate at underwritten levels, our profitability could be adversely affected.
Difficulties in executing our acquisition strategy or integrating acquired business could adversely affect our business.
Historically, acquisitions, including the acquisition of publicly funded program contract rights and related assets of other health plans, both in our existing service areas and in new markets, have been a significant factor in our growth. Although we cannot predict our rate of growth as the result of acquisitions with complete accuracy, we believe that acquisitions similar in nature to those we have historically executed, or other acquisitions we may consider, will continue to contribute to our growth strategy. Many of the other potential purchasers of these assets have greater financial resources than we have. Furthermore, many of the sellers are interested in either (i) selling, along with their publicly funded program assets, other assets in which we do not have an interest; or (ii) selling their companies, including their liabilities, as opposed to just the assets of the ongoing business. Therefore, we cannot be sure that we will be able to complete acquisitions on terms favorable to us or that we can obtain the necessary financing for these acquisitions, particularly if the credit environment were to experience similar volatility and disruption to that over the last several years.
We are generally required to obtain regulatory approval from one or more state agencies when making these acquisitions. In the case of an acquisition of a business located in a state in which we do not currently operate, we would be required to obtain the necessary licenses to operate in that state. In addition, although we may already operate in a state in which we acquire new business, we would be required to obtain additional regulatory approval if, as a result of the acquisition, we will operate in an area of the state in which we did not operate previously. There can be no assurance that we would be able to comply with these regulatory requirements for an acquisition in a timely manner, or at all.
In addition to the difficulties we may face in identifying and consummating acquisitions, we will also be required to integrate our acquisitions with our existing operations. This may include the integration of:
| • | | additional employees who are not familiar with our operations, |
| • | | existing provider networks, which may operate on different terms than our existing networks, |
| • | | existing members, who may decide to switch to another health plan, and |
| • | | disparate information and record keeping systems. |
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We may be unable to successfully identify, consummate and integrate future acquisitions, including integrating the acquired businesses on to our technology platform, or to implement our operations strategy in order to operate acquired businesses profitably. There can be no assurance that incurring expenses to acquire a business will result in the acquisition being consummated. These expenses could adversely impact our selling, general and administrative expense ratio. If we are unable to effectively execute our acquisition strategy or integrate acquired businesses, our future growth will suffer and our results of operations could be harmed.
We are subject to competition that impacts our ability to increase our penetration of the markets that we serve.
We compete for members principally on the basis of size and quality of provider network, benefits provided and quality of service. We compete with numerous types of competitors, including other health plans and traditional fee-for-service programs, primary care case management programs and other commercial Medicaid or Medicare only health plans. Some of the health plans with which we compete have substantially larger enrollments, greater financial and other resources and offer a broader scope of products than we do.
While many states mandate health plan enrollment for Medicaid eligible participants, including all of those in which we do business, the programs are voluntary in other states. Subject to limited exceptions by federally approved state applications, the federal government requires that there be a choice for Medicaid recipients among managed care programs. Voluntary programs and mandated competition will impact our ability to increase our market share.
In addition, in most states in which we operate we are not allowed to market directly to potential members, and therefore, we rely on creating name brand recognition through our community-based programs. Where we have only recently entered a market or compete with health plans much larger than we are, we may be at a competitive disadvantage unless and until our community-based programs and other promotional activities create brand awareness.
Negative publicity regarding the managed care industry may harm our business and operating results.
In the past, the managed care industry and the health insurance industry in general have received negative publicity. This publicity has led to increased legislation, regulation, review of industry practices and private litigation in the commercial sector. These factors may adversely affect our ability to market our services, require us to change our services and increase the regulatory burdens under which we operate, further increasing the costs of doing business and adversely affecting our operating results.
We may be subject to claims relating to professional liability, which could cause us to incur significant expenses.
Our providers and employees involved in medical care decisions may be exposed to the risk of professional liability claims. Some states have passed, or may consider passing in the future, legislation that exposes managed care organizations to liability for negligent treatment decisions by providers or benefits coverage determinations and/or legislation that eliminates the requirement that certain providers carry a minimum amount of professional liability insurance. This kind of legislation has the effect of shifting the liability for medical decisions or adverse outcomes to the managed care organization. This could result in substantial damage awards against us and our providers that could exceed the limits of applicable insurance coverage. Therefore, successful professional liability claims asserted against us, our providers or our employees could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, we may be subject to other litigation that may adversely affect our business or results of operations. We maintain errors and omissions insurance and such other lines of coverage as we believe are reasonable in light of our experience to date. However, this insurance may not be sufficient or available at a reasonable cost to protect us from liabilities that might adversely affect our business or results of operations.
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Even if any claims brought against us were unsuccessful or without merit, we would still have to defend ourselves against such claims. Any such defenses may be time-consuming and costly, and may distract our management’s attention. As a result, we may incur significant expenses and may be unable to effectively operate our business.
An unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential member information could have an adverse effect on our business, reputation and profitability.
As part of our normal operations, we collect, process and retain confidential member information. We are subject to various state and federal laws and rules regarding the use and disclosure of confidential member information, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”) and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Despite the security measures we have in place to ensure compliance with applicable laws and rules, our facilities and systems, and those of our third party service providers, may be vulnerable to security breaches, acts of vandalism, computer viruses, misplaced or lost data, programming and/or human errors or other similar events. Any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss or other unauthorized disclosure or use of confidential member information, whether by us or a third party, could have a material adverse effect on our business, reputation and results of operations.
We are currently involved in litigation, and may become involved in future litigation, which may result in substantial expense and may divert our attention from our business.
In the normal course of business, we are involved in legal proceedings and, from time-to-time, we may be subject to additional legal claims of a non-routine nature including the Toure case which is described under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contingencies—Employment Litigation”. We may suffer an unfavorable outcome as a result of one or more claims, resulting in the depletion of capital to pay defense costs or the costs associated with any resolution of such matters. Depending on the costs of litigation and the amount and timing of any unfavorable resolution of claims against us, our financial position, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, we may be subject to securities class action litigation from time-to-time due to, among other things, the volatility of our stock price. When the market price of a stock has been volatile, regardless of whether such fluctuations are related to the operating performance of a particular company, holders of that stock have sometimes initiated securities class action litigation against such company. Any class action litigation against us could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert the time and attention of our management and other resources, or otherwise harm our business.
Acts of terrorism, natural disasters and medical epidemics or pandemics could cause our business to suffer.
Our profitability depends, to a significant degree, on our ability to predict and effectively manage health benefits expense. If an act or acts of terrorism or a natural disaster (such as a major hurricane) or a medical epidemic or pandemic, such as the H1N1 virus in 2009, were to occur in markets in which we operate, our business could suffer. The results of terrorist acts or natural disasters could lead to higher than expected medical costs, network and information technology disruptions, and other related factors beyond our control, which would cause our business to suffer. A widespread epidemic or pandemic in a market could cause a breakdown in the medical care delivery system which could cause our business to suffer.
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Risks Related to Being a Regulated Entity
Changes in government regulations designed to protect providers and members could force us to change how we operate and could harm our business and results of operations.
Our business is extensively regulated by the states in which we operate and by the federal government. These laws and regulations are generally intended to benefit and protect providers and health plan members rather than us and our stockholders. Changes in existing laws and rules, the enactment of new laws and rules and changing interpretations of these laws and rules could, among other things:
| • | | force us to change how we do business, |
| • | | restrict revenue and enrollment growth, |
| • | | increase our health benefits and administrative costs, |
| • | | impose additional capital requirements, and |
| • | | increase or change our claims liability. |
Regulations could limit our profits as a percentage of revenues.
Our Texas health plan is required to pay an experience rebate to the State of Texas in the event profits exceed established levels. We file experience rebate calculation reports with the State of Texas for this purpose. These reports are subject to audits and if the audit results in unfavorable adjustments to our filed reports, our financial position, results of operations or cash flows could be negatively impacted.
Our New Jersey and Maryland subsidiaries, as well as our CHIP product in Florida, are subject to minimum medical expense levels as a percentage of premium revenue. Our Florida subsidiary is subject to minimum behavioral health expense levels as a percentage of behavioral health premium revenues. In New Jersey, Maryland and Florida, premium revenue recoupment may occur if these levels are not met. In addition, our Ohio subsidiary is subject to certain limits on administrative costs and our Virginia subsidiary is subject to a limit on profits. These regulatory requirements, changes in these requirements and additional requirements by our other regulators could limit our ability to increase or maintain our overall profits as a percentage of revenues, which could harm our operating results. We have been required, and may in the future be required, to make payments to the states as a result of not meeting these expense levels.
Additionally, we could be required to file a corrective plan of action with the states and we could be subject to fines and additional corrective action measures if we did not comply with the corrective plan of action. Our failure to comply could also affect future rate determinations and membership enrollment levels. These limitations could negatively impact our revenues and operating results.
Recently enacted healthcare reform and the implementation of these laws could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and liquidity. In addition, if the new non-deductible federal premium-based assessment is imposed as enacted, or if we are unable to adjust our business model to address this new assessment, our results of operations, financial position and liquidity may be materially adversely affected.
In March 2010, the President signed into law the Affordable Care Act. Implementation of this new law varies from as early as six months from the date of enactment to as long as 2018.
There are numerous steps required to implement the Affordable Care Act, including promulgating a substantial number of new and potentially more onerous regulations that may affect our business. A number of federal regulations have been proposed for public comment by a handful of federal agencies, but these proposals have raised additional issues and uncertainties that will need to be addressed in additional regulations yet to be proposed or in the final version of the proposed regulations eventually adopted. Further, there has been resistance to expansion at the state level, largely due to the budgetary pressures faced by the states. Because of the unsettled
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nature of these reforms and numerous steps required to implement them, we cannot predict what additional health insurance requirements will be implemented at the federal or state level, or the effect that any future legislation or regulations or the pending litigation challenging the Affordable Care Act, will have on our business or our growth opportunities. There is also considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of the Affordable Care Act and the other reforms on the health insurance market as a whole. In addition, we cannot predict our competitors’ reactions to the changes. A number of states have challenged the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Affordable Care Act, and many of these challenges are still pending final adjudication in several jurisdictions. Congress has also proposed a number of legislative initiatives, including possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act. Although we believe the Affordable Care Act will provide us with significant opportunity, the enacted reforms, as well as future regulations, legislative changes and judicial decisions, may in fact have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. If we fail to effectively implement our operational and strategic initiatives with respect to the implementation of healthcare reform, or do not do so as effectively as our competitors, our business may be materially adversely affected.
The Affordable Care Act also imposes a significant new non-deductible federal premium-based assessment and other assessments on health insurers. If this federal premium-based assessment is imposed as enacted, and if the cost of the federal premium-based assessment is not factored into the calculation of our premium rates, or if we are unable to otherwise adjust our business model to address this new assessment, our results of operations, financial position or cash flows may be materially adversely affected.
Changes in healthcare laws could reduce our profitability.
Numerous proposals relating to changes in healthcare laws have been introduced, some of which have been passed by Congress and the states in which we operate or may operate in the future. These include mandated medical loss ratio thresholds as well as waivers requested by states for various elements of their programs. Changes in applicable laws and regulations are continually being considered and interpretations of existing laws and rules may also change from time-to-time. We are unable to predict what regulatory changes may occur or what effect any particular change may have on our business and results of operations. Although some changes in government regulations, such as the removal of the requirements on the enrollment mix between commercial and public sector membership, have encouraged managed care participation in public sector programs, we are unable to predict whether new laws or proposals will continue to favor or hinder the growth of managed healthcare.
We cannot predict the outcome of these legislative or regulatory proposals, nor the effect which they might have on us. Legislation or regulations that require us to change our current manner of operation, provide additional benefits or change our contract arrangements could seriously harm our operations and financial results.
If state regulators do not approve payments of dividends, distributions or administrative fees by our subsidiaries to us, it could negatively affect our business strategy and liquidity.
We principally operate through our health plan subsidiaries. These subsidiaries are subject to state insurance holding company system and other regulations that regulate the amount of dividends and distributions that can be paid to us without prior approval of, or notification to, state regulators. We also have administrative services agreements with our subsidiaries in which we agree to provide them with services and benefits (both tangible and intangible) in exchange for the payment of a fee. Some states limit the administrative fees which our subsidiaries may pay. If the regulators were to deny our subsidiaries’ requests to pay dividends to us or restrict or disallow the payment of the administrative fee or not allow us to recover the costs of providing the services under our administrative services agreement or require a significant change in the timing or manner in which we recover those costs, the funds available to our Company as a whole would be limited, which could harm our ability to implement our business strategy, expand our infrastructure, improve our information technology systems, make needed capital expenditures and service our debt as well as negatively impact our liquidity.
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If state regulatory agencies require a statutory capital level higher than existing state regulations we may be required to make additional capital contributions.
Our operations are conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiaries, which include health maintenance organizations (“HMOs”), health insuring corporations (“HICs”) and a Prepaid Health Services Plan (“PHSP”). HMOs, HICs, and PHSPs are subject to state regulations that, among other things, require the maintenance of minimum levels of statutory capital and the maintenance of certain financial ratios (which are referred to as risk based capital requirements), as defined by each state. Certain states also require performance bonds or letters of credit from our subsidiaries. Additionally, state regulatory agencies may require, at their discretion, individual regulated entities to maintain statutory capital levels higher than the minimum capital and surplus levels under state regulations. If this were to occur or other requirements change for one of our subsidiaries, we may be required to make additional capital contributions to the affected subsidiary. Any additional capital contribution made to one of the affected subsidiaries could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and our ability to grow.
Failure to comply with government laws and regulations could subject us to civil and criminal penalties and limitations on our profitability.
We are subject to numerous local, state and federal laws and regulations. Violation of the laws or regulations governing our operations could result in the imposition of sanctions, the cancellation of our contracts to provide services, or in the extreme case, the suspension or revocation of our licenses and/or exclusion from participation in state or federal healthcare programs. We can give no assurance that the terms of our contracts with the states or the manner in which we are directed to comply with our state contracts is in accordance with the CMS regulations.
We may be subject to material fines or other sanctions in the future. If we became subject to material fines, or if other sanctions or other corrective actions were imposed upon us, our ability to continue to operate our business could be materially and adversely affected. From time-to-time we have been subject to sanctions as a result of violations of marketing regulations. Although we train our employees with respect to compliance with local, state and federal laws of each of the states in which we do business, no assurance can be given that violations will not occur.
We are, or may become subject to, various state and federal laws designed to address healthcare fraud and abuse, including false claims laws. State and federal laws prohibit the submission of false claims and other acts that are considered fraudulent or abusive. The submission of claims to a state or federal healthcare program for items and services that are determined to be “not provided as claimed” may lead to the imposition of civil monetary penalties, criminal fines and imprisonment, and/or exclusion from participation in state and federal funded healthcare programs, including the Medicaid and Medicare programs.
The DRA requires all entities that receive $5.0 million or more in annual Medicaid funds to establish specific written policies for their employees, contractors, and agents regarding various false claims-related laws and whistleblower protections under such laws as well as provisions regarding their policies and procedures for detecting and preventing fraud, waste and abuse. These requirements are conditions of receiving all future payments under the Medicaid program. We believe that we have made appropriate efforts to meet the requirements of the compliance provisions of the DRA. However, if it is determined that we have not met the requirements appropriately, we could be subject to civil penalties and/or be barred from receiving future payments under the Medicaid programs in the states in which we operate thereby materially adversely affecting our business, results of operation and financial condition.
HIPAA broadened the scope of fraud and abuse laws applicable to healthcare companies. HIPAA created civil penalties for, among other things, billing for medically unnecessary goods or services. HIPAA establishes new enforcement mechanisms to combat fraud and abuse, including a whistleblower program. Further, HIPAA
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imposes civil and criminal penalties for failure to comply with the privacy and security standards set forth in the regulation. The Affordable Care Act created additional tools for fraud prevention, including increased oversight of providers and suppliers participating or enrolling in Medicare, Medicaid and CHIP. Those enhancements included mandatory licensure for all providers and site visits, fingerprinting and criminal background checks for higher risk providers. On September 23, 2010, CMS issued proposed regulations designed to implement these requirements. It is not clear at this time the degree to which managed care providers would have to comply with these new requirements.
The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (the “HITECH Act”), one part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”), modified certain provisions of HIPAA by, among other things, extending the privacy and security provisions to business associates, mandating new regulations around electronic medical records, expanding enforcement mechanisms, allowing the state Attorneys General to bring enforcement actions and increasing penalties for violations. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”), as required by the HITECH Act, has issued interim final rules that set forth the breach notification obligations applicable to covered entities and their business associates (the “HITECH Breach Notification Interim Final Rule”). The various requirements of the HITECH Act and the HITECH Breach Notification Interim Final Rule have different compliance dates, some of which have passed and some of which will occur in the future. With respect to those requirements whose compliance dates have passed, we believe that we are in compliance with these provisions. With respect to those requirements whose compliance dates are in the future, we are reviewing our current practices and identifying those which may be impacted by upcoming regulations. It is our intention to implement these new requirements on or before the applicable compliance dates.
The federal and state governments have and continue to enact other fraud and abuse laws as well. Our failure to comply with HIPAA or these other laws could result in criminal or civil penalties and exclusion from Medicaid or other governmental healthcare programs and could lead to the revocation of our licenses. These penalties or exclusions, were they to occur, would negatively impact our ability to operate our business.
Our business could be adversely impacted by adoption of the new ICD-10 standardized coding set for diagnoses.
HHS has released rules pursuant to HIPAA which mandate the use of standard formats in electronic healthcare transactions. HHS also has published rules requiring the use of standardized code sets and unique identifiers for providers. By October 2013, the federal government will require that healthcare organizations, including health insurers, upgrade to updated and expanded standardized code sets used for documenting health conditions. These new standardized code sets, known as ICD-10, will require substantial investments from healthcare organizations, including us. While use of the ICD-10 code sets will require significant administrative changes, we believe that the cost of compliance with these regulations has not had and is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, these changes may result in errors and otherwise negatively impact our service levels, and we may experience complications related to supporting customers that are not fully compliant with the revised requirements as of the applicable compliance date. Furthermore, if physicians fail to provide, appropriate codes for services provided as a result of the new coding set, we may be unable to process payments to providers properly or efficiently creating difficulties in adequately estimating our claims liability and negatively impacting our ability to be reimbursed, or adequately reimbursed through our premium rates, for such services.
Compliance with the terms and conditions of our Corporate Integrity Agreement requires significant resources and, if we fail to comply, we could be subject to penalties or excluded from participation in government healthcare programs, which could seriously harm our results of operations, liquidity and financial results.
In August 2008, in connection with the settlement of aqui tamaction, we voluntarily entered into a five-year Corporate Integrity Agreement with the Office of Inspector General of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (“OIG”). The Corporate Integrity Agreement provides that we shall, among other things, keep in place and continue our current compliance program, including employment of a corporate
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compliance officer and compliance officers at our health plans, a corporate compliance committee and compliance committees at our health plans, a compliance committee of our Board of Directors, a code of conduct, comprehensive compliance policies, training and monitoring, a compliance hotline, an open door policy and a disciplinary process for compliance violations. The Corporate Integrity Agreement further provides that we shall provide periodic reports to the OIG, appoint a benefits rights ombudsman responsible for addressing concerns raised by health plan members and potential enrollees and engage an independent review organization to assist us in assessing and evaluating our compliance with the requirements of the federal healthcare programs and other obligations under the Corporate Integrity Agreement and retain a compliance expert to provide independent compliance counsel to our Board of Directors.
Maintaining the broad array of processes, policies, and procedures necessary to comply with the Corporate Integrity Agreement is expected to continue to require a significant portion of management’s attention as well as the application of significant resources. Failing to meet the Corporate Integrity Agreement obligations could have material adverse consequences for us including monetary penalties for each instance of non-compliance. In addition, in the event of an uncured material breach or deliberate violation of the Corporate Integrity Agreement, we could be excluded from participation in federal healthcare programs and/or subject to prosecution, which could seriously harm our results of operations, liquidity and financial results.
Risks Related to Our Financial Condition
Ineffective management of rapid growth or our inability to grow could negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and business.
We have experienced rapid growth. In 2000, we had $642.6 million of premium revenue. In 2010, we had $5.8 billion in premium revenue. This increase represents a compounded annual growth rate of 24.6%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011 premium revenue increased 8.7% to $4.7 billion versus $4.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2010. Depending on acquisitions and other opportunities, as well as macroeconomic conditions that affect membership such as those conditions experienced recently, we expect to continue to grow rapidly. Continued growth could place a significant strain on our management and on other resources, and increased capital requirements of subsidiaries may require additional capital contributions. We anticipate that continued growth, if any, will require us to continue to recruit, hire, train and retain a substantial number of new and highly skilled medical, administrative, information technology, finance and other support personnel. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon our ability to implement and improve operational, financial and management information systems on a timely basis and to expand, train, motivate and manage our work force. If we continue to experience rapid growth, our personnel, systems, procedures and controls may be inadequate to support our operations, and our management may fail to anticipate adequately all demands that growth will place on our resources. In addition, due to the initial costs incurred upon the acquisition of new businesses, rapid growth could adversely affect our short-term profitability. Our inability to manage growth effectively or our inability to grow could have a negative impact on our business, operating results and financial condition.
Our debt service obligations may adversely affect our cash flows and our increased leverage as a result of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes may harm our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes and our warrants sold concurrent with the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes will be dilutive in current and future periods if the market price of our common stock exceeds certain thresholds.
As of September 30, 2011, we had $259.9 million outstanding in aggregate principal amount of 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes due May 15, 2012 (“2.0% Convertible Senior Notes”). Our debt service obligation on our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes is approximately $5.2 million per year in cash interest payments. Additionally, under the provisions of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if the market price of our common stock exceeds $42.53 we will be obligated to settle, in cash/or shares of our common stock at our option, an amount equal to approximately $6.1 million for each dollar in share price that the market price of our common
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stock exceeds $42.53, or the conversion value of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. In periods prior to conversion, the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes would also have a dilutive impact to earnings if the average market price of our common stock exceeds $42.53 for the period reported. At conversion, the dilutive impact would result if the conversion value of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if any, is settled in shares of our common stock.
Under the provisions of the convertible note hedges purchased concurrent with the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, we are entitled to receive, at our option, cash and/or shares of our common stock in an amount equal to the conversion value of the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes from the counterparty to the convertible note hedges. Additionally, under the provisions of the warrant instruments sold concurrent with the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, if the market price of our common stock exceeds $53.77 at exercise we will be obligated to settle in shares of our common stock an amount equal to approximately $6.1 million for each dollar in share price that the market price of our common stock exceeds $53.77 resulting in a dilutive impact to our earnings. In periods prior to exercise, the warrant instruments would also have a dilutive impact to earnings if the average market price of our common stock exceeds $53.77 for the period reported.
If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to meet these obligations through proceeds from debt or equity financing, or internally generated funds, or if the counterparty to the convertible note hedges is unwilling or unable to fulfill the obligations under the hedge instruments, our ability to pursue other activities of our business may be limited and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
On November 1, 2011, we announced our intention to offer to sell, subject to market and other conditions, $450.0 million in aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes pursuant to our shelf registration statement. We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to repay at or prior to maturity the outstanding aggregate principal amount of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. There can be no assurance that the offering will be consummated and any disruptions in the credit markets could further limit our flexibility in refinancing our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes. If we are unable to consummate the offering, we may choose to pay the principal of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes with unregulated cash and investments, proceeds from dividends from our subsidiaries or proceeds from debt or equity financing, or a combination thereof. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash to meet our obligations related to the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, including our debt service obligations, or if the counterparty to the convertible note hedges is unwilling or unable to fulfill the obligations under the hedge instruments, we could be in default under the Indenture governing our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Our investment portfolio may suffer losses from reductions in market interest rates and fluctuations in fixed income securities which could materially adversely affect our results of operations or liquidity.
As of September 30, 2011, we had total cash and investments of $1.8 billion. The following table shows the types, percentages and average Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”) ratings of our holdings within our investment portfolio at September 30, 2011:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Portfolio Percentage | | | Average S&P Rating | |
Auction rate securities | | | 0.8 | % | | | AAA | |
Cash, bank deposits and commercial paper | | | 2.6 | % | | | AAA | |
Certificates of deposit | | | 7.3 | % | | | AAA | |
Corporate bonds | | | 23.8 | % | | | A | |
Debt securities of government sponsored entities, federally insured corporate bonds and U.S. Treasury securities | | | 19.7 | % | | | AA+ | |
Equity index funds | | | 1.6 | % | | | * | |
Money market funds | | | 26.9 | % | | | AAA | |
Municipal bonds | | | 17.3 | % | | | AA+ | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | 100.0 | % | | | AA | |
| | | | | | | | |
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Our investment portfolio generated approximately $17.2 million, $22.4 million and $50.9 million of pre-tax income for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and $11.8 million and $13.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The performance of our investment portfolio is primarily interest rate driven, and consequently, changes in interest rates affect our returns on, and the fair value of our portfolio. This factor or any disruptions in the credit markets could materially adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
The value of our investments is influenced by varying economic and market conditions and a decrease in value could have an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Our investment portfolio is comprised of investments classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale investments are carried at fair value, and the unrealized gains or losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. If we experience a decline in value and we intend to sell such security prior to maturity, or if it is likely that we will be required to sell such security prior to maturity, the security is deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired and it is written down to fair value through a charge to earnings.
In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we review our investment securities to determine if declines in fair value below cost are other-than-temporary. This review is subjective and requires a high degree of judgment. We conduct this review on a quarterly basis, using both quantitative and qualitative factors, to determine whether a decline in value is other-than-temporary. Such factors considered include, the length of time and the extent to which market value has been less than cost, financial condition and near term prospects of the issuer, recommendations of investment advisors and forecasts of economic, market or industry trends. This review process also entails an evaluation of the likelihood that we will hold individual securities until they mature or full cost can be recovered.
The current economic environment and recent volatility of the securities markets increase the difficulty of assessing investment impairment and the same influences tend to increase the risk of potential impairment of these assets. During the year ended December 31, 2010 and nine months ended September 30, 2011, we did not record any charges for other-than-temporary impairment of our available-for-sale securities. Over time, the economic and market environment may further deteriorate or provide additional insight regarding the fair value of certain securities, which could change our judgment regarding impairment. This could result in realized losses relating to other-than-temporary declines to be recorded as an expense. Given the current market conditions and the significant judgments involved, there is continuing risk that further declines in fair value may occur and material other-than-temporary impairments may result in realized losses in future periods which could have an adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Adverse credit market conditions may have a material adverse affect on our liquidity or our ability to obtain credit on acceptable terms.
The financial markets have experienced periods of volatility and disruption. Future volatility and disruption is possible and unpredictable. In the event we need access to additional capital to pay our operating expenses, make payments on our indebtedness, such as the principal of our 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes, pay capital expenditures or fund acquisitions, our ability to obtain such capital may be limited and the cost of any such capital may be significantly higher than in past periods depending on the market conditions and our financial position at the time we pursue additional financing.
Our access to additional financing will depend on a variety of factors such as market conditions, the general availability of credit, the overall availability of credit to our industry, our credit ratings and credit capacity, as well as the possibility that lenders could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. Similarly, our access to funds may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against us. If a combination of these factors were to occur, our internal sources of liquidity may
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prove to be insufficient, and in such case, we may not be able to successfully obtain additional financing on favorable terms. This could restrict our ability to (i) acquire new business or enter new markets, (ii) service or refinance our existing debt, (iii) make necessary capital investments, (iv) maintain statutory net worth requirements in the states in which we do business and (v) make other expenditures necessary for the ongoing conduct of our business.
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |
Set forth below is information regarding our stock repurchases during the three months ended September 30, 2011:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Period | | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased (#) | | | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit) ($) | | | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(1) (#) | | | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares (or Units) that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(2) ($) | |
July 1 – July 31, 2011 | | | 58,697 | | | | 69.55 | | | | 58,697 | | | | 140,228,109 | |
August 1 – August 31, 2011 | | | 1,262,325 | | | | 45.09 | | | | 1,262,325 | | | | 83,307,188 | |
September 1 – September 30, 2011 | | | 372,857 | | | | 43.50 | | | | 372,857 | | | | 317,089,767 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 1,693,879 | | | | 45.59 | | | | 1,693,879 | | | | 317,089,767 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(1) | Shares purchased during the third quarter of 2011 were purchased as part of our existing authorized share repurchase program pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act as well as in open market purchases as permitted by Rule 10b5-18 of the Exchange Act. On August 30, 2011, we entered into a trading plan in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, to facilitate repurchases of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program (the “Rule 10b5-1 plan”). The Rule 10b5-1 plan effectively terminated the previous Rule 10b5-1 plan and became effective on November 1, 2011 and expires on November 1, 2013, unless terminated earlier in accordance with its terms. |
(2) | On August 4, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized a $250.0 million increase to the share repurchase program, bringing the total authorization to $650.0 million. The $650.0 million authorization is for repurchases made from and after August 5, 2009. No duration has been placed on the repurchase program and we reserve the right to discontinue the repurchase program at any time. |
On October 20, 2011, our Tennessee health plan, AMERIGROUP Tennessee, Inc., received an executed amendment, Amendment No. 9 (the “Amendment”), to the Contractor Risk Agreement (Contract Number: FA-07-16936-00) (“the CRA”) between the State of Tennessee and AMERIGROUP Tennessee, Inc. The Amendment, among other things, incorporates terms and conditions and establishes incentive payments relating to activities performed through participation in the Federal Money Follows the Person Rebalancing Demonstration Program for long-term care recipients.
The foregoing description does not purport to be a complete statement of the parties’ rights and obligations under the CRA or the Amendment. The above description is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Amendment filed as Exhibit 10.2 to this Form 10-Q.
The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index immediately following the Signatures page are incorporated by reference into this report.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| | | | | | |
| | | | AMERIGROUP Corporation |
| | | |
| | | | By: | | /S/ JAMES G. CARLSON |
| | | | | | James G. Carlson |
| | | | | | Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President |
Date: November 2, 2011
| | | | | | |
| | | | AMERIGROUP Corporation |
| | | |
| | | | By: | | /S/ JAMES W. TRUESS |
| | | | | | James W. Truess |
| | | | | | Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President |
Date: November 2, 2011
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EXHIBITS
Exhibits.
The following exhibits, which are furnished with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or incorporated herein by reference, are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
The agreements included or incorporated by reference as exhibits to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties were made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and (i) were not intended to be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate; (ii) may have been qualified in such agreement by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement; (iii) may apply contract standards of “materiality” that are different from “materiality” under the applicable securities laws; and (iv) were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement.
The Company acknowledges that, notwithstanding the inclusion of the foregoing cautionary statements, it is responsible for considering whether additional specific disclosures of material information regarding material contractual provisions are required to make the statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q not misleading.
| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| |
3.1 | | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Amendment No. 2 to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-108831) filed on October 9, 2003). |
| |
3.2 | | Amended and Restated By-Laws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-31574) filed on February 14, 2008). |
| |
4.1 | | Form of share certificate for common stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Amendment No. 3 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (No. 333-347410) filed on July 24, 2000). |
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4.2 | | Indenture related to the 2.0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2012 dated March 28, 2007, between AMERIGROUP Corporation and The Bank of New York, as trustee (including the form of 2.0% Convertible Senior Note due 2012) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-31574) filed on April 3, 2007). |
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4.3 | | Registration Rights Agreement dated March 28, 2007, between AMERIGROUP Corporation, Goldman Sachs, & Co., as representative of the initial purchasers (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K (No. 001-31574) filed on April 3, 2007). |
| |
10.1 | | Amendment No. 8 to the Contractor Risk Agreement between the State of Tennessee and AMERIGROUP Tennessee, Inc. effective July 1, 2011, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 8, 2011 (No. 001-31574)). |
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10.2 | | Amendment No. 9 to the Contractor Risk Agreement between the State of Tennessee and AMERIGROUP Tennessee, Inc. effective October 1, 2011, filed herewith. |
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31.1 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 2, 2011. |
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31.2 | | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 2, 2011. |
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32 | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated November 2, 2011. |
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| | |
Exhibit Number | | Description |
| |
*101.INS | | XBRL Instance Document |
| |
*101.SCH | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |
| |
*101.CAL | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |
| |
*101.DEF | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |
| |
*101.LAB | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |
| |
*101.PRE | | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
* | In accordance with Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the information in these exhibits is furnished and deemed not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act of 1934, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections and shall not be incorporated by reference into any registration statement or other document filed under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. |
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