Ribbit LEAP Limited 8K Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws | SEC 3 Dec 10

Exhibit 3.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

a Delaware corporation

Adopted on December 2, 2010


ARTICLE I. OFFICES			1

Section 1. Registered Office			1
Section 2. Other Offices			1

ARTICLE II. MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS			1

Section 1. Place of Meetings			1
Section 2. Annual Meeting			1
Section 3. Quorum			1
Section 4. Majority Vote			1
Section 5. Voting Rights			2
Section 6. Special Meetings			2
Section 7. Notice of Meetings			2
Section 8. Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations			3
Section 9. Adjournment and Notice of Adjourned Meetings			8
Section 10. List of Stockholders			8
Section 11. Action Without Meeting			9
Section 12. Organization			9

ARTICLE III. DIRECTORS			9

Section 1. Number and Term of Office			9
Section 2. Powers			10
Section 3. Vacancies			10
Section 4. Meetings of the Board of Directors			10
Section 5. Committees of Directors			11
Section 6. Compensation of Directors			12
Section 7. Resignation			12
Section 8. Organization			12

ARTICLE IV. INDEMNIFICATION			12

Section 1. Indemnification of Directors and Officers			12
Section 2. Employees and Other Agents			13
Section 3. Expenses			13
Section 4. Enforcement			13
Section 5. Non-Exclusivity of Rights			14
Section 6. Survival of Rights			14
Section 7. Insurance			14
Section 8. Amendments			14
Section 9. Saving Clause			14


Section 10. Definitions			15

ARTICLE V. OFFICERS			15

Section 1. Officers Designated			15
Section 2. Appointment of Officers			16
Section 3. Other Officers and Agents			16
Section 4. Salaries			16
Section 5. Term			16
Section 6. Chairman of the Board			16
Section 7. President			16
Section 8. Vice Presidents			16
Section 9. Secretary			17
Section 10. Assistant Secretary			17
Section 11. Treasurer			17
Section 12. Assistant Treasurer			17
Section 13. Delegation of Authority			17
Section 14. Resignations			18

ARTICLE VI. EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION			18

Section 1. Execution of Corporate Instruments			18
Section 2. Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation			18

ARTICLE VII. SHARES OF STOCK AND EXECUTION OF OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION			18

Section 1. Form of Executed Certificate			18
Section 2. Signatures			19
Section 3. Rights of Each Class of Stock			19
Section 4. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates			19
Section 5. Transfers of Stock			19
Section 6. Fixing Record Date			20
Section 7. Registered Stockholders			20
Section 8. Execution of Other Securities of the Corporation			20

ARTICLE VIII. GENERAL PROVISIONS			21

Section 1. Dividends			21
Section 2. Reserve Fund			21
Section 3. Fiscal Year			21
Section 4. Corporate Seal			21
Section 5. Notices			21
Section 6. Affidavit of Notice			21


Section 7. Time Notices Deemed Given			22
Section 8. Methods of Notice			22
Section 9. Failure to Receive Notice			22
Section 10. Notice to Person with Whom Communication is Unlawful			22
Section 11. Notice to Person with Undeliverable Address			22
Section 12. Notice to Stockholders Sharing an Address			23
Section 13. Waiver of Notice			23
Section 14. Annual Statement			23

ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS			23

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

LEAP WIRELESS INTERNATIONAL, INC.

ARTICLE I.
OFFICES

Section 1.Registered Office. The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, or such other place within the Sate of Delaware as the Board of Directors may determine.

Section 2.Other Offices. The corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the corporation may require.

ARTICLE II.
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.Place of Meetings. Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place within or outside the State of Delaware designated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not be held at any place, but instead shall be held solely by means of remote communication as provided under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. In the absence of any such designation, stockholders’ meetings shall be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.

Section 2.Annual Meeting. To the extent required by applicable law, an annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated by the Board of Directors. At each annual meeting, directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.

Section 3.Quorum. A majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, the holders of which are present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum and the votes present may continue to transact business until adjournment. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting or a majority of the voting stock represented in person or by proxy may adjourn the meeting from time to time until a quorum shall be present or represented, but no other business shall be transacted at such meeting.

Section 4.Majority Vote. Except as otherwise provided by applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or the rules and regulations of any stock exchange

applicable to the corporation or its securities, all action taken by the holders of a majority of the votes cast, excluding abstentions, at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and binding upon the corporation; provided, however, that directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors.

Section 5.Voting Rights. For the purpose of determining those stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date for such purpose shall be entitled to vote at such meeting of stockholders. At each meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder having the right to vote may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three (3) years prior to said meeting, unless said instrument provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the Secretary of the corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy bearing a later date. All proxies must be filed with the Secretary of the corporation at the beginning of each meeting in order to be counted in any vote at the meeting. Each stockholder shall have one (1) vote for each share of stock having voting power, registered in his name on the books of the corporation on the record date set by the Board of Directors as provided in Article VII, Section 6 hereof.

Section 6.Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose, or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called only by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President, or by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the total number of authorized directors (whether or not there exist any vacancies in previously authorized directorships at the time any such resolution is presented to the Board of Directors for adoption). Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice of such meeting.

Section 7.Notice of Meetings. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a notice of the meeting shall be given which notice shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting) and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. The notice of any meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting. The notice may specify the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at the meeting. Any previously scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and, unless otherwise prohibited by applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation, may be cancelled by the Board of Directors, upon public notice given prior to the date previously scheduled for the meeting of stockholders.

Section 8.Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.

(a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the corporation and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (A) pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (B) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or (C) by any stockholder of the corporation (i) who was a stockholder of record of the corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nominations or proposal of other business are made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the corporation) at the time the notice provided for in this Section 8 is delivered to the Secretary of the corporation and remains a stockholder of record (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, remains a beneficial owner) through the time of the meeting, (ii) who is entitled to vote at the meeting and (iii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 8.

(2) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 8, (x) the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the corporation, (y) any such proposed business (other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action and (z) the stockholder must have provided any updates or supplements to such notice at the times and in the form required by paragraph (a)(4) of this Section 8. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the seventieth (70th) day, nor earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the seventieth (70th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the corporation). In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

To be in proper form, such stockholder’s notice shall set forth:

(A) as to each Proposing Person (as defined below), (i) the name and address of such Proposing Person (including, if applicable, the name and address that appear on the corporation’s books and records) and (ii) the class or series and number of shares of the corporation that are, directly or indirectly, owned of record or beneficially owned (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (as so amended and inclusive of such rules and regulations, the “Exchange Act”)) by such Proposing Person, except that such Proposing Person shall in all events be deemed to beneficially own any shares of any class or series of the corporation as to which such Proposing Person has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future;

(B) as to each Proposing Person, (i) any derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to give such Proposing Person economic risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or series of the corporation, including due to the fact that the value of such derivative, swap or other transaction(s) is determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any shares of any class or series of the corporation, or which derivative, swap or other transaction(s) provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any increase in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the corporation (“Synthetic Equity Interests”), which Synthetic Equity Interests shall be disclosed without regard to whether (x) the derivative, swap or other transaction(s) conveys any voting rights in such shares to such Proposing Person, (y) the derivative, swap or other transaction(s) is required to be, or is capable of being, settled through delivery of such shares or (z) such Proposing Person may have entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such derivative, swap or other transaction(s), (ii) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such Proposing Person has or shares a right to vote any shares of any class or series of the corporation, (iii) any agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship, including any repurchase or similar so-called “stock borrowing” agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such Proposing Person, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of shares of any class or series of the corporation by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Proposing Person with respect to the shares of any class or series of the corporation, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the price or value of the shares of any class or series of the corporation (“Short Interests”), (iv) any performance related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such Proposing Person is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the price or value of shares of any class or series of the corporation, or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, (v) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (I) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the corporation’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominees and/or (II) otherwise to solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nominations and (vi) any other information relating to such Proposing Person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies or consents by such Proposing Person in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (the disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (i) through (vi) are referred to as “Disclosable Interests”); provided, however, that Disclosable Interests shall not include any such disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner;

(C) as to each item of business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting, (i) a reasonably brief description of (x) the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (y) the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting and (z) any material interest in such business of each Proposing Person, including without

limitation, any equity interests or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests held by such Proposing Person in any other person the value of which interests could reasonably be expected to be materially affected by the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, (ii) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration), (iii) a reasonably detailed description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings (x) between or among any of the Proposing Persons or (y) between or among any Proposing Person(s) and any other record or beneficial holder(s) or person(s) who have a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future of the shares of any class or series of the corporation (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and (iv) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act; provided, however, that the disclosures required by this paragraph (C) shall not include any disclosures with respect to any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a Proposing Person solely as a result of being the stockholder directed to prepare and submit the notice required by these Bylaws on behalf of a beneficial owner; and

(D) as to each person whom a Proposing Person proposes to nominate for election as a director, (i) all information with respect to such proposed nominee that would be required to be set forth in a stockholder’s notice pursuant to this Section 8 if such proposed nominee were a Proposing Person, (ii) all information relating to such proposed nominee that is required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act (including such proposed nominee’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected), (iii) if such proposed nominee or any Proposing Person nominating such proposed nominee expresses an intention or recommendation that the corporation enter into a strategic transaction, any material interest in such transaction of each such proposed nominee and Proposing Person, including without limitation, any equity interests or any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests held by such proposed nominee or Proposing Person in any other person the value of which interests could reasonably be expected to be materially affected by such transaction and (iv) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among any Proposing Person, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 under Regulation S-K if such Proposing Person were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant.

The corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information (i) as may reasonably be required by the corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the corporation in accordance with the corporation’s corporate governance guidelines or (ii) that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence or lack of independence of such proposed nominee.

For purposes of this Section 8, the term “Proposing Person”shall mean (x) the stockholder providing the notice provided for in this Section 8, (y) the beneficial owner or beneficial owners, if different, on whose behalf the notice is made and (z) any affiliate or associate (each within the meaning of Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act for purposes of these Bylaws) of such stockholder or beneficial owner.

(3) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 8 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the corporation is increased effective at the annual meeting and there is no public announcement by the corporation naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least eighty (80) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 8 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the corporation.

(4) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (C) of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 8, the stockholder must further update and supplement the notice required by this Section 8, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than five (5) business days prior to the date of the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(b)Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the corporation’s notice of meeting only (A) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereofor (B) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the corporation (i) who was a stockholder of record of the corporation (and, with respect to any beneficial owner, if different, on whose behalf such nominations are made, only if such beneficial owner was the beneficial owner of shares of the corporation) at the time the notice provided for in this Section 8 is delivered to the Secretary of the corporation and remains a stockholder of record (and, if applicable, a beneficial owner) through the time of the meeting, (ii) who is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election and (iii) who provides timely notice thereof in writing and in proper form to the Secretary of the corporation, which notice shall set forth the information otherwise required to be

included in a notice of a nomination to be made at an annual meeting in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 8, except that for the purposes of this paragraph (b), the term “special meeting” shall be substituted for the term “annual meeting” in all places it appears in paragraph (a)(2). In the event the corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, to be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not earlier than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the seventieth (70th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

The stockholder providing notice of nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors at a special meeting must further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice under this paragraph (b) of this Section 8 shall be true and correct as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and as of the date that is ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the Secretary of the corporation at the principal executive offices of the corporation not later than five (5) business days after the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of such record date), and not later than five (5) business days prior to the date of the meeting or, if practicable, any adjournment or postponement thereof (and, if not practicable, on the first practicable date prior to the date to which the meeting has been adjourned or postponed) (in the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of ten (10) business days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof).

(c) General. (1) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8 shall be eligible to be elected at the meeting of stockholders of the corporation to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8. Except as otherwise provided by law, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power (A) to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 8 and (B) if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Section 8, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 8, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not appear at the meeting of stockholders of the corporation to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the corporation. For purposes of this Section 8, to be considered a “qualified representative” of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such

stockholder as their proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders.

(2) For purposes of this Section 8, “public announcement” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(3) This Section 8 is expressly intended to apply to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting of stockholders other than any proposal made pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act. In addition to the requirements of this Section 8 with respect to any business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting, each Proposing Person shall comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act with respect to any such business. Nothing in this Section 8 shall be deemed to affect the rights of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.

Section 9.Adjournment and Notice of Adjourned Meetings. Any meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, may be adjourned from time to time either by the chairman of the meeting or by the vote of a majority of the shares casting votes, excluding abstentions. When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, if any, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place, if any, of such adjourned meeting, and the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall also fix a new record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at such adjourned meeting as of the record date for notice of such adjourned meeting.

Section 10.List of Stockholders. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth (10^th) day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, (a) on a reasonably accessible electronic network (provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting) or (b) during ordinary business hours either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting,

or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to gain access to such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholder required by this Section 10 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders.

Section 11.Action Without Meeting. No action shall be taken by the stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called in accordance with these Bylaws, and no action shall be taken by the stockholders by written consent.

Section 12.Organization.

(a) At every meeting of stockholders, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed, or is absent or otherwise unavailable, another director designated by the Board of Directors, of if such other director has not been appointed or is absent, the President, or if the President is absent, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority in interest of the stockholders entitled to vote, present in person or by proxy, shall act as chairman. The Secretary, or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary or other person directed to do so by the Chairman or the President, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

(b) The Board of Directors of the corporation shall be entitled, to the extent not prohibited by law, to make such reasonable rules or regulations for the conduct of meetings of stockholders as it shall deem necessary, appropriate or convenient. Subject to such rules and regulations of the Board of Directors, if any, the chairman of the meeting shall have the right and authority to prescribe such reasonable rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are necessary, appropriate or convenient for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, convening and (for any or no reason) adjourning the meeting, establishing an agenda or order of business for the meeting, rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present, limitations on attendance at or participation in such meeting to stockholders of record of the corporation entitled to vote at the meeting and their duly authorized and constituted proxies and such other persons as the chairman shall permit, restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof, limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants and regulation of the opening and closing of the polls for balloting on matters which are to be voted on by ballot. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with rules of parliamentary procedure.

ARTICLE III.
DIRECTORS

Section 1.Number and Term of Office. The authorized number of directors of the corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors from time to time. The directors need not be

stockholders. The directors shall be elected at the annual meeting of the stockholders, except as provided in Section 3 of this Article, and each director elected shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her death or until he or she resigns or is removed; provided, however, that unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or by law, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, from the Board of Directors at any meeting of stockholders by a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat.

Section 2.Powers. The property and business of the corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities by these Bylaws expressly conferred upon them, the Board may exercise all such powers of the corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 3.Vacancies. Vacancies on the Board of Directors by reason of death, resignation, removal from office or otherwise, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors shall be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, unless the Board of Director determines by resolution that any such vacancies or newly created directorships shall be filled by the stockholders. The directors so chosen shall hold office until the next annual election of directors and until their successors are duly elected and shall qualify, unless sooner displaced. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by statute. If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office shall constitute less than a majority of the whole Board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten percent (10%) of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office.

Section 4.Meetings of the Board of Directors.

(a) The directors may hold their meetings, have one or more offices and keep the books of the corporation outside of the State of Delaware.

(b) The annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after the annual meeting of stockholders and at the place where such meeting is held. No notice of an annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary, and such meeting shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it.

(c) Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board.

(d) Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or the President on twenty-four (24)

hours’ notice to each director, either orally or as provided in Article VIII, Section 5 hereof; special meetings shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written or electronic transmission request of two (2) directors unless the Board consists of only one (1) director; in which case special meetings shall be called by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary in like manner or on like notice on the written or electronic transmission request of the sole director.

(e) At all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the total number of directors shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present. If only one (1) director is authorized, such sole director shall constitute a quorum. The transaction of all business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof, however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though such transaction of business had occurred at a meeting duly held after regular call and notice, if a quorum be present and if, either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall sign a written waiver of notice or make an electronic transmission waiving notice. All such waivers shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting.

(f) Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and such writing or writings or transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.

(g) Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

Section 5.Committees of Directors.

(a) The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by the Board of Directors, designate one (1) or more committees, each such committee to consist of one (1) or more of the directors of the corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one (1) or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent permitted by the General Corporation

Law of the State of Delaware and the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware to be submitted to stockholders for approval or adopting, amending or repealing any Bylaw of the corporation.

(b) Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

Section 6.Compensation of Directors. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and/or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

Section 7.Resignation. Any director may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board of Directors, effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated and until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.

Section 8.Organization. At every meeting of the directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or, if a Chairman has not been appointed or is absent, the President, or if the President is absent, the most senior Vice President, or, in the absence of any such officer, a chairman of the meeting chosen by a majority of the directors present at the meeting, shall preside over the meeting. The Secretary, or in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary or other person directed to do so, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

ARTICLE IV.
INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1.Indemnification of Directors and Officers. The corporation shall indemnify its directors and officers to the fullest extent not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware; provided, however, that the corporation shall not be required to indemnify any director or officer in connection with any proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person unless (a) such indemnification is expressly required to be made by law,

(b) the proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors of the corporation, (c) such indemnification is provided by the corporation, in its sole discretion, pursuant to the powers vested in the corporation under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or (d) such indemnification is required to be made under Section 4 below.

Section 2.Employees and Other Agents. The corporation shall have power to indemnify its employees and other agents as set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Section 3.Expenses. The corporation shall advance to any person who is or was a director or officer of the corporation, and shall have the power to advance to any person who is or was an employee or other agent of the corporation, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, prior to the final disposition of the proceeding, promptly following request therefor, all expenses incurred by any such person in connection with such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such person to repay said amounts if it should be determined ultimately that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article IV or otherwise.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to Section 5 below, no advance shall be made by the corporation to an officer of the corporation (except by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of the corporation, in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to the proceeding, or (b) if such quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, that the facts known to the decision-making party at the time such determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation.

Section 4.Enforcement. Without the necessity of entering into an express contract, all rights to indemnification and advances to directors and officers under this Article IV shall be deemed to be contractual rights and be effective to the same extent as if provided for in a contract between the corporation and the director or officer. Any right to indemnification or advances granted by this Article IV to a director or officer shall be enforceable by or on behalf of the person holding such right in any court of competent jurisdiction if (a) the claim for indemnification or advances is denied, in whole or in part, or (b) no disposition of such claim is made within ninety (90) days of request therefor. The claimant in such enforcement action, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting his claim. In connection with any claim for indemnification, the corporation shall be entitled to raise as a defense to any such action that the claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware for the corporation to indemnify the claimant for the amount claimed. In connection with any claim by an officer of the corporation (except in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative

or investigative, by reason of the fact that such officer is or was a director of the corporation) for advances, the corporation shall be entitled to raise a defense as to any such action clear and convincing evidence that such person acted in bad faith or in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, or with respect to any criminal action or proceeding that such person acted without reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was lawful. Neither the failure of the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that indemnification of the claimant is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or its stockholders) that the claimant has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that the claimant has not met the applicable standard of conduct. In any suit brought by a director or officer to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, the burden of proving that the director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Article IV or otherwise shall be on the corporation.

Section 5.Non-Exclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Article IV shall not be exclusive of any other right which such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office. The corporation is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advances, to the fullest extent not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and without regard to the limitations otherwise contained in this Article IV.

Section 6.Survival of Rights. The rights conferred on any person by this Article IV shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

Section 7.Insurance. To the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the corporation, upon approval by the Board of Directors, may purchase insurance on behalf of any person required or permitted to be indemnified pursuant to this Article IV.

Section 8.Amendments. Any repeal or modification of this Article IV shall only be prospective and shall not affect the rights under this Article IV in effect at the time of the alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that is the cause of any proceeding against any agent of the corporation.

Section 9.Saving Clause. If this Article IV or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director and officer to the full extent not prohibited by any applicable portion of this Article IV that shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law.

Section 10.Definitions. For the purposes of this Article IV, the following definitions shall apply:

(a) The term “proceeding” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement, arbitration and appeal of, and the giving of testimony in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative.

(b) The term “expenses” shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, court costs, attorneys’ fees, witness fees, fines, amounts paid in settlement or judgment and any other costs and expenses of any nature or kind incurred in connection with any proceedings.

(c) The term the “corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

(d) References to a “director,” “executive officer,” “officer,” “employee” or “agent” of the corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request of the corporation as, respectively, a director, executive officer, officer, employee, trustee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.

(e) References to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the corporation” as referred to in this Section.

ARTICLE V.
OFFICERS

Section 1.Officers Designated. The officers of the corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and shall include a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The corporation may also have at the discretion of the Board of Directors such other officers as are desired, including a Chairman of the Board, one or

more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, and such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 3 hereof. In the event there are two (2) or more Vice Presidents, then one (1) or more may be designated as Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or other similar or dissimilar title. At the time of the election of officers, the directors may by resolution determine the order of their rank. Any number of offices may be held by the same person, unless the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws otherwise provide.

Section 2.Appointment of Officers. The Board of Directors, at its annual meeting, shall choose the officers of the corporation.

Section 3.Other Officers and Agents. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it shall deem necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 4.Salaries. The salaries of all officers and agents of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board of Directors.

Section 5.Term. Each officer of the corporation shall hold office until his or her successor is chosen and qualified, or until his or her death or until he or she resigns or is removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors or by the unanimous written consent of the directors in office at that time. If the office of any officer or officers becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy shall be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 6.Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if present, preside at all meetings of the Board of Directors and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Board of Directors or prescribed by these Bylaws. If there is no President, the Chairman of the Board shall in addition be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 7 of this Article V.

Section 7.President. Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the Board of Directors to the Chairman of the Board, if there be such an officer, unless some other officer has been elected Chief Executive Officer of the corporation, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and officers of the corporation. He or she shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, or if there be none, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. He or she shall be an ex-officio member of all committees and shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of President and Chief Executive Officer of corporations, and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws.

Section 8.Vice Presidents. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice Presidents in order of their rank as fixed by the Board of Directors, or if not ranked, the Vice

President designated by the Board of Directors, shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. The Vice Presidents shall have such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them, respectively, by the Board of Directors.

Section 9.Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all sessions of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all votes and the minutes of all proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose; and shall perform like duties for any committees of the Board of Directors when required by the Board of Directors. He or she shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws. He or she shall keep in safe custody the seal of the corporation, and when authorized by the Board of Directors, affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it shall be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her signature.

Section 10.Assistant Secretary. The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors, or if there be no such determination, the Assistant Secretary designated by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 11.Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the corporation and shall deposit all moneys, and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the corporation, in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. He or she shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the corporation. The Treasurer shall perform other duties commonly incident to his or her office and shall also perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time to time.

Section 12.Assistant Treasurer. The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors, or if there be no such determination, the Assistant Treasurer designated by the Board of Directors, shall, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 13.Delegation of Authority. The Board of Directors may from time to time delegate the powers or duties of any officer to any other officer or agent, notwithstanding any provision hereof.

Section 14.Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the Board of Directors or to the President or to the Secretary. Any such resignation shall be effective when received by the person or persons to whom such notice is given, unless a later time is specified therein, in which event the resignation shall become effective at such later time. Unless otherwise specified in such notice, the acceptance of any such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation shall be without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under applicable law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws or any contract with the resigning officer.

ARTICLE VI.
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION

Section 1.Execution of Corporate Instruments. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute on behalf of the corporation any corporate instrument or document, or to sign on behalf of the corporation the corporate name without limitation, or to enter into contracts on behalf of the corporation, except where otherwise provided by law or these Bylaws, and such execution or signature shall be binding upon the corporation.

All checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit of the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to do.

Unless authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.

Section 2.Voting of Securities Owned by the Corporation. All stock and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation for itself, or for other parties in any capacity, shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.

ARTICLE VII.
SHARES OF STOCK AND EXECUTION OF OTHER SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION

Section 1.Form of Executed Certificate. The corporation may issue shares of any class or series of stock in certificated or uncertificated form as determined by the Board of Directors. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law. Every holder of stock of the corporation represented by certificate shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Treasurer or an Assistant

Treasurer of the corporation, certifying the number of shares represented by the certificate owned by such stockholder in the corporation.

Section 2.Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if he were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

Section 3.Rights of Each Class of Stock. If the corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights. Upon request and within a reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of uncertificated stock, the corporation shall send to the registered owner thereof a notice containing the information required to be set forth or stated on certificates pursuant to this Section 3 or otherwise required by applicable law, or with respect to this Section 3 a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.

Section 4.Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to give the corporation a surety bond in such form and sum as it may reasonably direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

Section 5.Transfers of Stock. Upon surrender to the corporation, or the transfer agent of the corporation, of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon its books.

Section 6.Fixing Record Date.

(a) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, subject to applicable law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a record date, such record date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.

(b) In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolutions fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

Section 7.Registered Stockholders. The corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim or interest in such share on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by the laws of the State of Delaware.

Section 8.Execution of Other Securities of the Corporation. All bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other than stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President, or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature, or where permissible facsimile signature, of a trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other corporate security shall be issued, the signatures of the persons signing on such bond, debenture or other corporate security may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons. Interest coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate

security, authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the corporation or such other person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile signature shall appear thereon or on any such interest coupon, shall have ceased to be such officer before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the corporation.

ARTICLE VIII.
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1.Dividends. Dividends upon the capital stock of the corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.

Section 2.Reserve Fund. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interests of the corporation, and the directors may abolish any such reserve.

Section 3.Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 4.Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware.” Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

Section 5.Notices. Whenever, pursuant to applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, it shall be delivered personally, by mail or by electronic transmission (as such term is defined in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware); provided, however, that prior to giving notice to a stockholder by electronic transmission, the stockholder shall have consented to such delivery.

Section 6.Affidavit of Notice. An affidavit of notice, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the stock of the corporation, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the director or directors, or stockholder or stockholders, to whom any such notice or notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained.

Section 7.Time Notices Deemed Given. If delivered personally, notices shall be deemed to be given upon receipt. If delivered by mail, notices shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the recipient of such notice at such person’s address as it appears on the records of the corporation. Notice delivered by electronic transmission shall be deemed given (a) if by facsimile, when faxed to a number where the recipient of such notice has consented to receive notice, (b) if by electronic mail, when mailed electronically to an electronic mail address at which the recipient of such notice has consented to receive such notice, (c) if by posting on an electronic network together with a separate notice of such posting, upon the later to occur of (1) the posting or (2) the giving of separate notice of the posting or (d) if by other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the recipient in the manner consented to by the recipient.

Section 8.Methods of Notice. It shall not be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of all directors or stockholders, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one or more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in respect of any other or others.

Section 9.Failure to Receive Notice. The period or limitation of time within which any director may exercise any power or right, or enjoy any privilege, or within which any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or benefit, or be required to act, pursuant to any notice sent to such director or stockholder in the manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the failure of such director or such stockholder to receive such notice.

Section 10.Notice to Person with Whom Communication is Unlawful. Whenever, pursuant to applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.

Section 11.Notice to Person with Undeliverable Address. Whenever, pursuant to applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any stockholder to whom (a) notice of two consecutive annual meetings, and all notices of meetings to such person during the period between such two consecutive annual meetings, or (b) all, and at least two, payments (if sent by first-class mail) of dividends or interest on securities during a twelve-month period, have been mailed addressed to such person at his or her address as shown on the records of the corporation and have been returned undeliverable, the giving of such notice to such person shall not be required. Any meeting which shall be taken or held without notice to such person shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. If any such person shall deliver to the corporation a written notice setting forth his or her then current address, the requirement that notice be given to such person shall be reinstated. In the

event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the certificate need not state that notice was not given to persons to whom notice was not required to be given pursuant to this Section 11. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 11 shall not apply to notice given by means of electronic transmission.

Section 12.Notice to Stockholders Sharing an Address. Except as otherwise prohibited under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, any notice given under the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Such consent shall be deemed to have been given if such stockholder fails to object in writing to the corporation within sixty (60) days of having been given notice by the corporation of its intention to send the single notice. Any consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the corporation.

Section 13.Waiver of Notice. Whenever, pursuant to applicable law or the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder, a waiver thereof (a) in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, or (b) by electronic transmission by such person or persons, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed to be equivalent to giving notice. Notice will be waived by any director or stockholder by his, her or its attendance at a meeting of the Board of Directors or stockholders, as applicable, whether in person, by remote communication, if applicable, or by proxy in the case of a stockholder, except when the director or stockholder attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given.

Section 14.Annual Statement. The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.

ARTICLE IX.
AMENDMENTS

Subject to Section 8 of Article IV of these Bylaws, the Bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed or new Bylaws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66-2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation, voting together as a single class. The Board of Directors shall also have the power to alter, amend or repeal Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws.

Ribbit LEAP Limited Inactive 8-KAmendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws