Significant Accounting Policies | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of Centrus Energy Corp. (“Centrus” or the “Company”), which include the accounts of the Company, its principal subsidiary United States Enrichment Corporation (“Enrichment Corp.”) and its other subsidiaries, were prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated. Correction of Error In the second quarter of 2018, Management identified a classification error for $0.3 million of costs that had been previously included in Cost of Sales for the contract services segment in the consolidated statement of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2018. These costs are now included in Advanced Technology License and Decommissioning Costs in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company considered quantitative and qualitative factors in assessing the materiality of the classification error and determined that the classification error was not material. This revision had no impact to the Company’s net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2018, or the year ended December 31, 2018. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts presented and disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. Significant estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, asset valuations, pension and postretirement health and life benefit costs and obligations, the tax bases of assets and liabilities, the future recoverability of deferred tax assets, and determination of the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets. Actual results may differ from such estimates, and estimates may change if the underlying conditions or assumptions change. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include short-term or highly liquid assets with original maturities of three months or less. Inventories and Inventories Owed to Customers and Suppliers Low-enriched uranium (“LEU”) consists of two components: separative work units (“SWU”) and uranium. SWU is a standard unit of measurement that represents the effort required to transform a given amount of natural uranium into two components: enriched uranium having a higher percentage of U 235 and depleted uranium having a lower percentage of U 235 . The SWU contained in LEU is calculated using an industry standard formula based on the physics of enrichment. The amount of enrichment deemed to be contained in LEU under this formula is commonly referred to as its SWU component and the quantity of natural uranium deemed to be used in the production of LEU under this formula is referred to as its uranium or “feed” component. SWU and uranium inventory costs are determined using the average cost method. SWU and uranium purchase costs include shipping costs when applicable. Inventories of SWU and uranium are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value (“NRV”). NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The estimated selling price for SWU and uranium is based on the pricing terms of contracts in the Company’s sales order book, and, for uranium not under contract, the estimated selling price is based primarily on published price indicators at the balance sheet date. Inventories owed to customers and suppliers, included in current liabilities, consist primarily of SWU and uranium inventories owed to fabricators. Fabricators process LEU into fuel for use in nuclear reactors. Under inventory optimization arrangements between Centrus and domestic fabricators, fabricators order quantities of LEU from Centrus based on scheduled or anticipated orders from utility customers for deliveries in future periods. As delivery obligations under actual customer orders arise, Centrus satisfies these obligations by arranging for the transfer to the customer of title to the specified quantity of LEU at the fabricator. Centrus’ balances of SWU and uranium vary over time based on the timing and size of the fabricator’s LEU orders from Centrus and the fabricator’s needs for working stock of LEU. Balances can be positive or negative at the discretion of the fabricator. Fabricators have other inventory supplies and, where a fabricator has elected to order less material from Centrus than Centrus is required to deliver to its customers at the fabricator, the fabricator will use these other inventories to satisfy Centrus’ customer order obligations on Centrus’ behalf. In such cases, the transfer of title of LEU from Centrus to the customer results in quantities of SWU and uranium being owed by Centrus to the fabricator. The amounts of SWU and uranium owed to fabricators are satisfied as future deliveries of LEU to fabricators are made. Deferred Taxes Centrus follows the asset and liability approach to account for deferred taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the anticipated future tax consequences of temporary differences between the balance sheet carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred taxes are based on income tax rates in effect for the years in which temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in income tax rates is recognized in income when the change in rates is enacted in the law. A valuation allowance is provided if it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the deferred tax assets may not be realized. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at acquisition cost. Leasehold improvements and machinery and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the useful life of the assets or the lease term, if applicable. Refer also to Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets below. Intangible Assets Centrus has intangible assets resulting from fresh start accounting as a result of emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 30, 2014. The identifiable intangible assets relate to the sales order book and customer relationships. The order book intangible asset is amortized as the order book valued at emergence is reduced, principally as a result of deliveries to customers. The customer relationships intangible asset is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated average useful life of 15 years. Refer also to Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets below. Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates the carrying values of property, plant and equipment and identifiable intangible assets when events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of asset, or asset group, may not be fully recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset. An impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset, or asset group exceeds its fair value. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurement Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, consideration is given to the principal or most advantageous market and assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability. Pursuant to accounting standards, Centrus’ 8.0% paid-in-kind (“PIK”) toggle notes (the “8% PIK Toggle Notes”) and its 8.25% notes (the “8.25% Notes”) are recorded at face value and the fair value is disclosed. The estimated fair value of each of the 8% PIK Toggle Notes and the 8.25% Notes is based on the trading price nearest the balance sheet date observed on secondary markets. Debt issuance costs are deferred and amortized over the life of the instrument. The balance sheet carrying amounts for accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and payables under SWU purchase agreements approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of the instruments. Concentrations of Credit Risk Credit risk could result from the possibility of a customer failing to perform or pay according to the terms of a contract. Extension of credit is based on an evaluation of each customer’s financial condition. Centrus regularly monitors credit risk exposure and takes steps to mitigate the likelihood of such exposure resulting in a loss. Revenue On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method as applied to customer contracts that were not completed as of the adoption date. As a result, financial information for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, are presented under ASC 606, while comparative financial information has not been adjusted and continues to be reported in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting policy for revenue recognition prior to the adoption of ASC 606. There was no material impact of adopting ASC 606 for sales under the LEU segment. For sales under the contract services segment, revenue is now primarily recognized over time as control is transferred to the customer. Revenue for product and service sales is recognized when or as the Company transfers control of the promised products or services to the customer. Revenue is measured at the transaction price, which is based on the amount of consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring the promised goods or services to the customer. The transaction price will include estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. SWU and Uranium Revenue Revenue for the Company’s LEU segment is derived from sales of the SWU component of LEU, from sales of both the SWU and uranium components of LEU, and from sales of uranium. Contracts with customers are primarily long-term, fixed-commitment contracts under which its customers are obligated to purchase a specified quantity of the SWU component of LEU or the SWU and uranium components of LEU. The Company’s contracts for natural uranium are generally shorter-term, fixed-commitment contracts. Revenue is recognized at the time the customer obtains control of the LEU or uranium. Customers generally obtain control of LEU at nuclear fuel fabricators. Centrus ships LEU to nuclear fuel fabricators for scheduled or anticipated orders from utility customers. Based on customer orders, Centrus arranges for the transfer of title of LEU from Centrus to the customer for the specified quantity of LEU at the fuel fabricator. Each such delivery to a customer is accounted for as a distinct performance obligation under a contract, and a contract may call for multiple deliveries over a number of periods. The contract’s transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the observable standalone selling price of each distinct delivery of SWU or uranium. Utility customers in general have the option to defer receipt of LEU or uranium purchased from the Company beyond the contractual sale period. In such cases, title to LEU or uranium is transferred to the customer and a performance obligation for Centrus is created and a receivable is recorded. Cash is collected for the receivable under normal credit terms. The performance obligation is represented as Deferred Revenue on the consolidated balance sheet and the customer-titled product is classified as Deferred Costs Associated with Deferred Revenue on the consolidated balance sheet. Risk of loss remains with Centrus until the customer obtains control of LEU or uranium. The recognition of revenue and related cost of sales occurs at the point in time at which the customer obtains control of LEU or uranium and risk of loss of the product transfers to the customer, which may occur beyond one year. The timing of the transfer of control, subject to notice period requirements, is at the option of the customer. As such, deferred costs and deferred revenue are classified within current assets and current liabilities, respectively. On occasion, the Company will accept payment in the form of uranium. Revenue from the sale of SWU under such contracts is recognized at the time transfer of control of LEU occurs and is based on the fair value of the uranium at contract inception or as the quantity of uranium is finalized, if variable. The Company may also borrow SWU from customers, in which case the Company will record the SWU and the related liability for the borrowing using a projected average purchase price over the borrowing period. Amounts billed to customers for handling costs are included in sales. Handling costs are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales. The Company does not have shipping costs associated with outbound freight after control over a product has transferred to a customer. The Company’s contracts with customers do not provide for significant payment terms or financing components. Contract Services Revenue Revenue for the contract services segment, principally representing engineering and testing activities performed by the Company, as well as technical and resource support, is recognized over the contractual period as services are rendered. The Company recognizes revenue over time as it performs on these contracts because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. With control transferring over time, revenue is recognized based on the extent of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. A contract may contain one or more performance obligations. Two or more promises to transfer goods or services to a customer may be considered a single performance obligation if the goods or services are highly interdependent or highly interrelated such that utility of the promised goods or services to the customer includes integration services provided by the Company. The Company generally uses the cost-to-cost input method of progress for fixed-price contracts because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer that occurs as the Company incurs costs. Under the cost-to-cost method, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the proportion of direct costs incurred to date to the total estimated direct costs at completion of the performance obligation. Revenues are recorded proportionally as costs are incurred. If transaction prices are not stated in the contract for each performance obligation, contractual prices are allocated to performance obligations based on estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised services. For contracts that are not accounted for under the percentage of completion method, the Company records revenue as services are provided. The Company recognizes time-and-material contract revenue at negotiated, fixed, contractually billable rates as it delivers labor hours and incurs other direct expenses. The Company has applied the practical expedient in paragraph ASC 606-10-50-14 and does not provide t he value of r emaining performance obligations under service contracts having original expected terms of one year or less. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers. Progress on satisfying performance obligations under contracts with customers and the related billings and cash collections are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet as contract assets or contract liabilities. Contract balances are classified as assets or liabilities on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period. Unbilled receivables (contract assets) are included in Accounts Receivable on the consolidated balance sheet and arise when the timing of cash collected from customers differs from the timing of revenue recognition, such as when contract provisions require specific milestones to be met before a customer can be billed. Those assets are recognized when the revenue associated with the contract is recognized prior to billing and derecognized when billed in accordance with the terms of the contract. To the extent billings to the customer precede the recognition of contract services revenue, the Company recognizes a liability included in Deferred Revenue and Advances from Customers on the consolidated balance sheet. Results for prior periods were reported in accordance with ASC 605. Revenue derived from sales of the SWU component of LEU, from sales of both the SWU and uranium components of LEU, and from sales of uranium was recognized at the time LEU or uranium was delivered under the terms of contracts with domestic and international electric utility customers. Most customers took title and delivery of LEU at fuel fabricators and revenue was recognized when delivery of LEU to the customer occurred at the fuel fabricator. In cases when utility customers deferred receipt of LEU or uranium purchased from the Company beyond the contractual sale period, title to LEU or uranium was transferred to the customer and risk of loss remained with Centrus until delivery occurred. The recognition of revenue and related cost of sales occurred at the time delivery occurred and risk of loss transferred to the customer. In cases where Centrus accepted payment in the form of uranium, revenue was recognized at the time LEU was delivered and was based on the fair value of the uranium received in exchange for the SWU. Contract services revenue in prior periods included billings for fees and payments for allowable costs that were determined in accordance with the terms of the underlying contracts. For contracts that provided fixed payments for monthly reports, revenue was recognized as deliverables are completed and as fees are earned. For contracts that provided fixed payments for completion of milestones, revenue was recognized as each milestone is completed. Advanced Technology License and Decommissioning Costs American Centrifuge expenses that are outside of our contracts with UT-Battelle are included in Advanced Technology License and Decommissioning Costs , including ongoing costs to maintain the demobilized Piketon facility and our licenses from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (“NRC”) at that location. Refer to Note 16, Commitments and Contingencies, for further details regarding the American Centrifuge project. Pension and Postretirement Health and Life Benefit Plans The Company provides retirement benefits to certain employees and retirees under defined benefit pension plans and postretirement health and life benefit plans. The valuation of benefit obligations and costs is based on provisions of the plans and actuarial assumptions that involve judgments and estimates. Plan assets and benefit obligations are remeasured each year as of the balance sheet date, or when lump sum payments exceed certain levels, resulting in differences between actual and projected results. The Company has elected to recognize these actuarial gains and losses immediately in the statement of operations to provide transparency regarding the impacts of changes in plan assets and benefit obligations. Stock-Based Compensation Centrus has a stock-based compensation plan which authorizes the issuance of common stock to the Company’s employees, officers, directors and other individuals providing services to the Company or its affiliates pursuant to options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance awards, dividend equivalent rights and other stock based awards. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The cost is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. New Accounting Standards Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires revenue to be recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods and services at an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods and services. In addition, ASU 2014-09 and subsequent amendments, collectively known as Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 (“ASC 606”) require certain additional disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The Company adopted ASC 606 on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective method. The new standard was applied to contracts that were not completed as of the adoption date. The Company recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying ASC 606 of $0.1 million as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be presented according to accounting standards in effect for those periods. Refer to Note 2, Revenue and Contracts with Customers, for additional information. The following table summarizes the cumulative effect of the changes to the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018, from the adoption of ASC 606 (in millions): Balance at December 31, 2017 Adjustment for ASC 606 Balance at January 1, 2018 Assets: Unbilled contract revenue $ — $ 0.1 $ 0.1 Stockholders’ Deficit: Accumulated Deficit (284.5 ) 0.1 (284.4 ) The following table summarizes the impact of adopting ASC 606 on revenue and net loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2018 As Reported Under Previous Accounting Effect of Adoption Revenue $ 193.0 $ 193.1 $ (0.1 ) Net loss (104.1 ) (104.0 ) (0.1 ) The effect of adoption for the year ended December 31, 2018, includes the opening balance adjustment of $0.1 million. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, Compensation-Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost . ASU 2017-07 requires changes to the presentation of the components of net periodic benefit cost on the statement of operations by requiring service cost to be presented with other employee compensation costs and other components of net periodic benefit cost to be presented outside of any subtotal of operating income. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018, on a retrospective basis for all periods presented, and certain prior period amounts have been recast to conform with the current presentation as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Adjustments Current Presentation Cost of sales - separative work units and uranium $ 136.1 $ 26.6 $ 162.7 Selling, general and administrative 43.1 0.6 43.7 Nonoperating components of net periodic benefit expense (income) — (27.2 ) (27.2 ) Refer to Note 11, Pension and Postretirement Health and Life Benefits, for additional information. In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments . ASU 2016-15 addresses the presentation and classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows. It is intended to reduce diversity in practice by providing guidance on eight specific cash flow issues. ASU 2016-15 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company reclassified $9.0 million of transaction costs incurred in the first quarter of 2017 related to the note exchange (see Note 9, Debt ) in the statement of cash flows as follows (in millions): Year Ended December 31, 2017 As Previously Reported Adjustments Current Presentation Cash used in operating activities $ (25.1 ) $ 9.0 $ (16.1 ) Cash used in financing activities (31.0 ) (9.0 ) (40.0 ) In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash . ASU 2016-18 requires that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. ASU 2016-18 is to be applied retrospectively for each period presented. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018. Upon adoption, the Company added its restricted cash balances to the consolidated statement of cash flows, and the prior period amounts have been recast to conform with the current presentation. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, requiring the recognition of the current and deferred income taxes resulting from an intra-entity transfer of assets other than inventory when the transfer occurs. The Company adopted the new standard on January 1, 2018, on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2016-16 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements, including the cumulative effect adjustment required upon adoption. Accounting Standards Effective in Future Periods In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting expense recognition in the statement of operations. The standard is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The new guidance, as amended in July 2018 by ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, requires a transition adoption election using either 1) a modified retrospective approach with periods prior to the adoption date being recast or 2) a prospective adoption approach with a cumulative-effect adjustment recognized to the opening balance of retained earnings on the adoption date with prior periods not recast. The Company is finalizing its evaluation of the impact of adoption and anticipates adopting this standard as of January 1, 2019, using the prospective adoption approach. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income . The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cut and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). However, because the amendments only relate to the reclassification of the income tax effects of the Tax Act, the underlying guidance that requires that the effect of a change in tax laws or rates be included in income from continuing operations is not affected. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of the standard on its Consolidated Financial Statements. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General (Subtopic 715-20), which modifies the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement plans. ASU 2018-14 is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The standard is to be applied on a retrospective basis to all periods presented and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effect that the provisions of ASU 2018-14 will have on its consolidated financial statements. |