THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | THE COMPANY AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES The Company NIC is a leading provider of digital government services that help governments use technology to provide a higher level of service to businesses and citizens and increase efficiencies. The Company accomplishes this currently through two channels: its primary outsourced portal businesses and its software & services businesses. In its primary outsourced portal businesses, the Company generally designs, builds, and operates internet-based portals on an enterprise-wide basis on behalf of state and local governments desiring to provide access to government information and to complete secure government-based transactions through multiple online channels, including mobile devices. These portals consist of websites and applications the Company has built that allow businesses and citizens to access government information online and complete transactions, such as applying for a permit, retrieving government records, or filing a government-mandated form or report. Typically operating under multiple-year contracts (See Note 2), NIC markets the services and solicits users to complete government-based transactions and to enter into subscriber contracts permitting users to access the portal and the government information contained therein in exchange for transactional and/or subscription user fees. The Company typically manages operations for each contractual relationship through separate local subsidiaries that operate as decentralized businesses with a high degree of autonomy. NIC’s business model allows the Company to generate revenues by sharing in the fees the Company collects from online transactions. The Company is typically responsible for funding the up-front investments and ongoing operations and maintenance costs of the outsourced government portals. The Company’s software & services businesses primarily include its subsidiaries that provide software development and digital government services, other than outsourced portal services, to state and local governments as well as federal agencies (See Note 2). Basis of presentation The Company classifies its revenues and cost of revenues into two categories: (1) portal and (2) software & services. The portal category generally includes revenues and cost of revenues from the Company’s subsidiaries operating outsourced portals on behalf of state and local governments. The software & services category primarily includes revenues and cost of revenues from the Company’s subsidiaries that provide software development and services, other than outsourced portal services, to state and local governments as well as federal agencies. The primary categories of operating expenses include: cost of portal revenues, cost of software & services revenues, selling & administrative and depreciation & amortization. Cost of portal revenues consists of all direct costs associated with operating government portals on an outsourced basis including employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation), fees required to process credit/debit card and automated clearinghouse transactions, subcontractor labor costs, telecommunications, provision for losses on accounts receivable, and all other costs associated with the provision of dedicated client service such as dedicated facilities. Cost of software & services revenues consists of all direct project costs to provide software development and services such as employee compensation and benefits (including stock-based compensation), subcontractor labor costs, and all other direct project costs including hardware, software, materials, travel and other out-of-pocket expenses. Selling & administrative expenses consist primarily of corporate-level expenses relating to human resource management, administration, information technology, security, legal, finance and accounting, internal audit and all non-customer service related costs from the Company’s software & services businesses, including compensation and benefits, information systems and office rent. Selling & administrative expenses also consist of management incentive compensation, including stock-based compensation, and corporate-level expenses for market development and public relations. Certain amounts included in the unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine- month period ended September 30, 2016 were reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassifications had no effect on total cash flows for the nine- month period ended September 30, 2016 . Adoption of accounting standard In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new authoritative literature, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2016-09”), which simplifies several aspects of accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted the standard on January 1, 2017, which is effective for the annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Adoption of the standard resulted in a decrease in retained earnings of approximately $0.4 million and a corresponding increase in additional paid-in capital in the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2017, reflecting a cumulative-effect adjustment associated with the Company’s policy election to account for forfeitures of awards as they occur. Previously, the Company estimated and excluded compensation cost related to awards not expected to vest based on estimated forfeitures. Furthermore, changes in presentation as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09 increased both cash provided by operating activities and cash used in financing activities by approximately $2.5 million in the Company’s unaudited consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine- month period ended September 30, 2016 . Upon adoption of ASU 2016-09, excess tax benefits or deficiencies from share-based award activity are reflected in the consolidated statement of income prospectively as a component of the provision for income taxes, whereas previously such benefits or deficiencies were recognized in additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet. Excess tax benefits resulted in a reduction of the Company’s provision for income taxes of approximately $0.5 million for the nine- month period ended September 30, 2017 . Earnings per share Unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method for all periods presented. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to undistributed earnings that would otherwise have been available to common stockholders. The Company’s service-based restricted stock awards contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends and are participating securities. Accordingly, service-based restricted stock awards were included in the calculation of earnings per share using the two-class method for all periods presented. Unvested service-based restricted shares totaled approximately 0.6 million for each of the periods ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 . Basic earnings per share is calculated by first allocating earnings between common stockholders and participating securities. Earnings attributable to common stockholders are divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by giving effect to dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of shares related to the Company’s employee stock purchase plan is determined based on the treasury stock method. The dilutive effect of service-based restricted stock awards is based on the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or the two-class method assuming a reallocation of undistributed earnings to common stockholders after considering the dilutive effect of potential common shares other than the participating unvested restricted stock awards. The dilutive effect of performance-based restricted stock awards is based on the treasury stock method. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts): Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30, 2017 2016 2017 2016 Numerator: Net income $ 14,020 $ 16,235 $ 40,774 $ 42,190 Less: Income allocated to participating securities (129 ) (141 ) (381 ) (376 ) Net income available to common stockholders $ 13,891 $ 16,094 $ 40,393 $ 41,814 Denominator: Weighted average shares - basic 66,267 65,978 66,188 65,890 Performance-based restricted stock awards — 27 — 25 Weighted average shares - diluted 66,267 66,005 66,188 65,915 Basic net income per share: Net income $ 0.21 $ 0.24 $ 0.61 $ 0.63 Diluted net income per share: Net income $ 0.21 $ 0.24 $ 0.61 $ 0.63 Concentration of credit risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and accounts receivable. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by depositing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions and monitoring the financial stability of those institutions. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) provides deposit insurance coverage up to $250,000 per depositor for deposit accounts at each FDIC-insured depository institution. At September 30, 2017 , the amount of cash covered by FDIC deposit insurance was approximately $8.4 million , and approximately $143.9 million of cash was above the FDIC deposit insurance limit. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally requires no collateral to secure accounts receivable. Recently issued accounting pronouncements Credit Losses In June 2016, the FASB issued a new standard to replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For trade and other receivables, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. The new standard will be effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted beginning January 1, 2019. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. The Company is currently evaluating the new standard and the estimated impact it will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Leases In February 2016, the FASB issued a new standard related to leases to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by requiring the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Most prominent among the amendments is the recognition of assets and liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under current U.S. GAAP. Under the new standard, disclosures are required to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The standard is effective for the annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company will be required to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects that the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements, which the Company anticipates could be significant, due mainly to its non-cancellable leases for office space. As further described in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 , filed with the SEC on February 22, 2017, as of December 31, 2016 , the Company had minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases totaling $17.9 million . Revenue from Contracts with Customers In May 2014, the FASB issued a new standard related to revenue recognition (“ASC 606”). Under the new standard, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires expanded disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The FASB has issued several amendments to the standard, including clarification on accounting for licenses of intellectual property and identifying performance obligations. The guidance permits two methods of adoption: retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective method), or retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the guidance recognized in retained earnings on the Company’s balance sheet at the date of initial application (the modified retrospective approach). The standard is effective for the annual reporting period beginning January 1, 2018, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company currently anticipates that it will adopt the standard using the modified retrospective approach in the first quarter of 2018. The Company has established an implementation team that has completed an initial impact assessment of the new standard. The percentages of revenue noted below are based on the Company’s last full fiscal year (2016), and the Company does not currently expect these percentages to significantly change in fiscal years 2017 and 2018. Based upon its initial assessment, the Company identified three primary revenue sources: • Transaction-based: this source primarily consists of transaction-based fees from interactive government services (“IGS”), driver history records (“DHR”) and other revenues streams. Transaction-based fees accounted for approximately 94% of the Company’s total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. • Portal software development and services: this source primarily consists of the performance of project-based, application development and other time & materials services for the Company’s government partners. These services accounted for approximately 4% of the Company’s total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. • Portal management and other fixed fee services: this source primarily consists of recurring fixed fee portal management services for the Company’s government partner in Indiana and subscription-based fees. These services accounted for approximately 2% of the Company’s total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company is in the process of completing contract reviews for each of its three primary revenue sources and currently expects that its revenue recognition policies for all transaction-based fees and portal management and other fixed fees will remain substantially unchanged under ASC 606. Based on the varying terms of the Company’s portal software development and services contracts, revenue may be recognized under the new standard either over time using an input or output method as services are provided or upon completion of a project, depending upon the terms of the specific contract. Recognizing such revenue over time (as opposed to at a point in time upon customer acceptance or completion of a project-based milestone) will represent a change under ASC 606. However, because the Company’s portal software development and services projects are typically short-term in nature and represent a relatively small portion of its total consolidated revenues, the Company does not currently expect any changes to its revenue recognition policy to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements in any annual or quarterly period. Currently, the population of software development and services contracts that will not be complete as of the January 1, 2018 adoption date of ASC 606 is not yet known. Should the Company have any existing or new software development and services agreements not substantially complete as of December 31, 2017, there is a possibility that the revenue under such agreements could be reflected in the cumulative adjustment to retained earnings on the Company’s balance sheet upon adoption of ASC 606 as of January 1, 2018 and not reflected as revenue in the Company’s consolidated statements of income in either 2017 or 2018. Based on its initial assessment of the standard, the Company does not currently expect changes to the accounting treatment for costs to obtain contracts or principal versus agent considerations. The Company continues to finalize its analysis of the new standard and is also in the process of quantifying the impact of the expected changes in accounting policy to the portal software development and services revenue stream and implementing changes to processes (including the determination of which practical expedients may be used, if any), disclosures and internal controls in preparation for adoption of the new standard. The Company will continue to monitor the work of standard setters, including any impacts from the recently issued amendments, and consider the interpretive efforts of non-authoritative groups. |