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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2006
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 0-25837
HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)
Delaware | 36-2681268 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
233 South Wacker Drive-Suite 4200
Chicago, Illinois
60606-6303
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(312) 496-1200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of November 1, 2006, there were 17,529,596 shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding.
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HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
PAGE | ||||
PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||
Item 1. | Consolidated Financial Statements | |||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2006 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2005 | 1 | |||
3 | ||||
4 | ||||
5 | ||||
6 | ||||
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18 | ||
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 30 | ||
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30 | ||
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | |||
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31 | ||
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 32 | ||
Item 6. | Exhibits | 33 | ||
SIGNATURE | 34 |
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Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
September 30, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||
Current assets: | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 137,399 | $ | 203,689 | ||
Short-term investments | 60,000 | — | ||||
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,996 and $2,668 at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | 84,570 | 53,334 | ||||
Other receivables | 5,181 | 4,463 | ||||
Prepaid expenses | 10,614 | 8,178 | ||||
Income taxes recoverable, net | 5,777 | 3,536 | ||||
Deferred income taxes, net | 7,090 | 8,579 | ||||
Total current assets | 310,631 | 281,779 | ||||
Non-current assets: | ||||||
Property and equipment, net | 18,413 | 21,104 | ||||
Assets designated for retirement and pension plans | 29,807 | 26,727 | ||||
Investments | 3,173 | 1,839 | ||||
Other non-current assets | 6,465 | 5,216 | ||||
Goodwill | 47,717 | 46,655 | ||||
Other intangible assets, net | 5,831 | 6,239 | ||||
Deferred income taxes, net | 22,001 | 21,363 | ||||
Total non-current assets | 133,407 | 129,143 | ||||
Total assets | $ | 444,038 | $ | 410,922 | ||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
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HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
September 30, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||||
(Unaudited) | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 5,293 | $ | 6,019 | ||||
Accrued salaries and employee benefits | 111,516 | 84,169 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities | 28,996 | 25,314 | ||||||
Current portion of accrued restructuring charges | 3,279 | 6,313 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 149,084 | 121,815 | ||||||
Non-current liabilities: | ||||||||
Retirement and pension plans | 35,442 | 31,446 | ||||||
Non-current portion of accrued restructuring charges | 10,287 | 12,297 | ||||||
Other non-current liabilities | 8,231 | 7,879 | ||||||
Total non-current liabilities | 53,960 | 51,622 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 203,044 | 173,437 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) | — | — | ||||||
Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 | — | — | ||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 19,585,777 shares issued, 17,517,814 and 18,577,991 shares outstanding at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | 196 | 196 | ||||||
Treasury stock at cost, 2,067,963 and 1,007,786 shares at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, respectively | (66,174 | ) | (28,156 | ) | ||||
Additional paid in capital | 257,976 | 263,228 | ||||||
Retained earnings | 42,098 | 14,631 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 6,898 | 2,955 | ||||||
Deferred stock-based compensation | — | (15,369 | ) | |||||
Total stockholders’ equity | 240,994 | 237,485 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 444,038 | $ | 410,922 | ||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
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HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) | $ | 124,636 | $ | 109,605 | $ | 346,290 | $ | 311,560 | ||||||||
Reimbursements | 6,268 | 4,339 | 16,835 | 15,735 | ||||||||||||
Total revenue | 130,904 | 113,944 | 363,125 | 327,295 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Salaries and employee benefits | 83,697 | 71,291 | 234,841 | 207,257 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 23,525 | 23,732 | 69,529 | 70,375 | ||||||||||||
Reimbursed expenses | 6,268 | 4,393 | 16,835 | 15,735 | ||||||||||||
Restructuring charges | (149 | ) | 1,580 | 406 | 22,417 | |||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 113,341 | 100,996 | 321,611 | 315,784 | ||||||||||||
Operating income | 17,563 | 12,948 | 41,514 | 11,511 | ||||||||||||
Non-operating income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 1,412 | 1,539 | 4,666 | 3,960 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | (39 | ) | (359 | ) | ||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on equity and warrant portfolio, net of the consultants’ share of the gains | 319 | 426 | 434 | 230 | ||||||||||||
Other, net | (83 | ) | 43 | (534 | ) | 1,161 | ||||||||||
Net non-operating income | 1,630 | 1,990 | 4,527 | 4,992 | ||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 19,193 | 14,938 | 46,041 | 16,503 | ||||||||||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 8,042 | (15,458 | ) | 18,574 | (15,786 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income | $ | 11,151 | $ | 30,396 | $ | 27,467 | $ | 32,289 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.64 | $ | 1.63 | $ | 1.52 | $ | 1.70 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.60 | $ | 1.58 | $ | 1.45 | $ | 1.62 | ||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||||
Basic | 17,462 | 18,694 | 18,024 | 18,957 | ||||||||||||
Diluted | 18,455 | 19,269 | 18,957 | 19,886 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional | Retained | Accumulated Other Compre- hensive Income | Deferred sation | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Issued Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 | 19,586 | $ | 196 | 1,008 | $ | (28,156 | ) | $ | 263,228 | $ | 14,631 | $ | 2,955 | $ | (15,369 | ) | $ | 237,485 | ||||||||||||
Net income | — | — | — | — | — | 27,467 | — | — | 27,467 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on available for sale investments | — | — | — | — | — | — | 78 | — | 78 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — | — | — | — | — | — | 3,865 | — | 3,865 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income | — | — | — | — | — | 27,467 | 3,943 | — | 31,410 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Treasury and common stock transactions: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reclassify deferred stock-based compensation upon adoption of SFAS No. 123R | — | — | — | — | (15,369 | ) | — | — | 15,369 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of forfeitures | — | — | — | — | (351 | ) | — | — | — | (351 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock units previously classified as liabilities | — | — | — | — | 4,370 | — | — | — | 4,370 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 13,459 | — | — | — | 13,459 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options | — | — | (231 | ) | 6,890 | (2,867 | ) | — | — | — | 4,023 | |||||||||||||||||||
Vesting of restricted stock units, net of tax withholdings | — | — | (164 | ) | 4,552 | (6,667 | ) | — | — | — | (2.115 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Purchases of treasury stock | — | — | 1,455 | (49,460 | ) | — | — | — | (49,460 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tax benefits related to stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | 2,173 | — | — | — | 2,173 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2006 | 19,586 | $ | 196 | 2,068 | $ | (66,174 | ) | $ | 257,976 | $ | 42,098 | $ | 6,898 | $ | — | $ | 240,994 | |||||||||||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
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HEIDRICK & STRUGGLES INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
2006 | 2005 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
Net income | $ | 27,467 | $ | 32,289 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 7,361 | 8,628 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes | 850 | (16,366 | ) | |||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on equity and warrant portfolio | (434 | ) | (230 | ) | ||||
Stock-based compensation expense, net | 18,271 | 10,074 | ||||||
Restructuring charges | 406 | 22,417 | ||||||
Cash paid for restructuring charges | (5,450 | ) | (28,625 | ) | ||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
Trade and other receivables | (29,932 | ) | (23,680 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable | (849 | ) | (5,182 | ) | ||||
Accrued expenses | 25,485 | 31,188 | ||||||
Income taxes recoverable and payable, net | (2,393 | ) | (11,485 | ) | ||||
Other assets and liabilities, net | (1,409 | ) | (5,043 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 39,373 | 13,985 | ||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
Capital expenditures | (3,556 | ) | (4,468 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from sales of equity securities | 929 | 1,769 | ||||||
Payments to consultants related to sales of equity securities | (625 | ) | (18,202 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from sales of short-term investments | 72,500 | 176,925 | ||||||
Purchases of short-term investments | (132,500 | ) | (112,600 | ) | ||||
Other, net | 64 | 112 | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (63,188 | ) | 43,536 | |||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
Proceeds from stock options exercised | 4,023 | 8,050 | ||||||
Purchases of treasury stock | (49,460 | ) | (27,498 | ) | ||||
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation | 2,289 | — | ||||||
Other | 247 | — | ||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (42,901 | ) | (19,448 | ) | ||||
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | 426 | (2,590 | ) | |||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (66,290 | ) | 35,483 | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents: | ||||||||
Beginning of period | 203,689 | 98,428 | ||||||
End of period | $ | 137,399 | $ | 133,911 | ||||
The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.
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Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(All tables in thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation of Interim Financial Information
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc., and subsidiaries (the “Company”), included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In the opinion of management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position, results of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows. These financial statements and notes are to be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2006.
2. Stock-based Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”). This statement requires that the costs of all employee share-based payments be measured at fair value on the award’s grant date and be recognized in the financial statements over the requisite service period. SFAS No. 123R supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” (“APB No. 25”) and its related interpretations, and eliminates the alternative use of the intrinsic value method of accounting under APB No. 25, which the Company previously used.
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective method. Upon adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company recognized income of $0.4 million ($0.2 million net of tax, or $0.01 per diluted share) resulting from the application of an estimated forfeiture rate to its existing unvested awards, which was recorded as a component of salaries and employee benefits expense in the first quarter of 2006. The Company previously recognized forfeitures as they were incurred. Additionally, under SFAS No. 123R, the Company has elected to recognize compensation expense for all share-based awards with service periods beginning subsequent to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award, unless the award has a performance condition, in which case compensation expense will be recognized using a graded vesting attribution method. Also, under SFAS No. 123R the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost are now reported as a financing cash flow instead of as an operating cash flow as required under previous accounting literature.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, the Company applied the intrinsic-value-based method of accounting prescribed by APB No. 25 and related interpretations to account for its fixed-plan stock options. Under this method, compensation expense was recorded on the date of grant only if the current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price. The adoption of SFAS No. 123R results in compensation expense being recorded for stock options based on the grant date fair value of the options.
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The following table shows the effect of adopting SFAS No. 123R on selected reported items (“As Reported”) and what those items would have been under previous guidance under APB No. 25:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 | |||||||||||||||
As Reported | Under APB No. 25 | As Reported | Under APB No. 25 | |||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 19,193 | $ | 19,866 | $ | 46,041 | $ | 47,901 | ||||||||
Net income | 11,151 | 11,561 | 27,467 | 28,602 | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | 44,302 | 44,740 | 39,373 | 41,909 | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | (2,246 | ) | (2,684 | ) | (42,901 | ) | (45,437 | ) | ||||||||
Basic earnings per share | $ | 0.64 | $ | 0.66 | $ | 1.52 | $ | 1.59 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.60 | $ | 0.63 | $ | 1.45 | $ | 1.51 |
Results for 2005 have not been restated to reflect the adoption of SFAS No.123R. Had compensation expense been determined based upon fair value at the grant date for all awards in accordance with SFAS No. 123R, the Company’s pro forma net income and basic and diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005 would have been as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2005 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005 | |||||||
Net income: | ||||||||
As reported | $ | 30,396 | $ | 32,289 | ||||
Add: Stock-based compensation expense already included in net income | 3,276 | 8,371 | ||||||
Deduct: Pro forma employee compensation cost related to stock options, restricted stock units and the performance share program | (4,142 | ) | (11,819 | ) | ||||
Pro forma | $ | 29,530 | $ | 28,841 | ||||
Basic earnings per share: | ||||||||
As reported | $ | 1.63 | $ | 1.70 | ||||
Pro forma | 1.58 | 1.52 | ||||||
Diluted earnings per share: | ||||||||
As reported | $ | 1.58 | $ | 1.62 | ||||
Pro forma | 1.55 | 1.46 |
Note: | Net income does not include a tax benefit related to stock-based compensation for the first two quarters in 2005. See Note 10,Income Taxes, for information about the factors that affected the provision for income taxes in that quarter. |
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A summary of information with respect to share-based compensation is as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Total share-based compensation expense included in net income | $ | 7,100 | $ | 3,947 | $ | 18,271 | $ | 10,074 | ||||
Income tax benefit to share-based compensation included in net income | 2,769 | 671 | 7,126 | 1,704 |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, the excess tax benefit of $2.3 million was reflected as a cash flow from financing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested restricted stock and stock options that are not yet vested as of September 30, 2006 was approximately $25.6 million pre-tax, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average of 1.8 years.
GlobalShare Program
The 1998 Heidrick & Struggles GlobalShare Program I and the 1998 Heidrick & Struggles GlobalShare Program II (collectively, the “Plan”), administered by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, permits the grant of awards in the form of options, which may be incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, or other awards, such as restricted stock units, that are valued based upon the fair market value of shares. Awards may be paid in shares, cash or a combination thereof, at the discretion of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. No incentive option can be for a term of greater than ten years and the option price per share of common stock cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The maximum number of underlying shares of common stock authorized or reserved for issuance under the Plan is based on a formula which shall not exceed an aggregate amount equal to forty percent of the highest number of shares of the Company’s common stock which are issued and outstanding from time to time during the term of the Plan, provided, however, that in no event will the sum of the total number of shares authorized or reserved for issuance upon the exercise or issuance of all awards granted under the Plan plus the total amount of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock exceed the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
The Plan further provides that the total number of shares with respect to which incentive stock options may be granted shall not exceed 2,000,000. No incentive stock options have been granted under the Plan as of September 30, 2006.
Under the Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock for which awards may be granted during a calendar year to any participant is 400,000. The maximum amount of a cash award received by any participant under the Plan may not exceed $3.0 million in any one fiscal year.
The Company has the ability to settle equity awards by issuing shares held in treasury or through the issuance of authorized but unissued common stock.
During the 2006 third quarter, the Company revised its policy relating to the vesting of certain restricted stock units upon the eligible retirement of employees that hold such awards. According to SFAS No. 123R, this policy revision constitutes a modification of those equity awards. As a result, the Company is required to recognize the original grant date fair value compensation cost over an accelerated service period (i.e., through the earliest date each equity award holder is eligible to retire) for those awards affected by the modification. During the 2006 third quarter, the Company recorded an additional $1.2 million of compensation expense related to this modification.
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Restricted Stock Units
Under the Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Plan (the “RSU Plan”), the total number of restricted stock units and the underlying shares of the Company’s common stock which may be issued or delivered under the RSU Plan shall be approved by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on an annual basis. Under the RSU Plan, the maximum number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance is subject to adjustment for certain anti-dilution provisions. Under the RSU Plan, the restricted stock units include both ratable and cliff vesting ranging between 3 to 5 years from the date of grant beginning on the first anniversary after the date of grant. Compensation expense related to service-based restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. For awards requiring satisfaction of both service and performance conditions, compensation expense is recognized using a graded vesting attribution method.
Restricted stock unit activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2006:
Number of Restricted Stock Units | Weighted- Average Grant-date Fair Value | |||||
Outstanding on December 31, 2005 | 821,500 | $ | 32.46 | |||
Granted | 735,463 | $ | 33.11 | |||
Vested and converted to common stock | (220,203 | ) | $ | 26.61 | ||
Forfeited | (25,438 | ) | $ | 33.57 | ||
Outstanding on September 30, 2006 | 1,311,322 | $ | 33.78 | |||
As of September 30, 2006, there was $22.7 million pre-tax of total restricted stock unit compensation expense related to nonvested awards not yet recognized, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.9 years.
Non-qualified Stock Options
Stock options granted under the Plan have an exercise price that is equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date. Options under the Plan are subject to ratable vesting over a 3 to 5 year period or a cliff vest of 3 to 5 years from the date of grant, and generally have a contractual term of 5 years. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.
Activity for non-qualified stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2006:
Number of Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||
Outstanding on December 31, 2005 | 2,045,545 | $ | 24.25 | 3.3 | |||||||
Granted | 111,000 | $ | 33.19 | ||||||||
Exercised | (230,371 | ) | $ | 17.29 | |||||||
Expired | (86,170 | ) | $ | 35.87 | |||||||
Forfeited | (10,100 | ) | $ | 31.03 | |||||||
Outstanding on September 30, 2006 | 1,829,904 | $ | 25.09 | 2.9 | $ | 24,067 | |||||
Exercisable on September 30, 2006 | 1,401,739 | $ | 24.49 | 2.7 | $ | 18,876 |
As of September 30, 2006, there was $2.9 million pre-tax of total stock option compensation expense related to nonvested awards not yet recognized, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.9 years.
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Additional information pertaining to non-qualified stock options:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Weighted average grant-date fair value of stock options granted | $ | — | $ | 149 | $ | 1,293 | $ | 2,209 | ||||
Total grant-date fair value of stock options vested | 265 | 338 | 5,115 | 7,728 | ||||||||
Total intrinsic value of stock options exercised | 1,115 | 2,415 | 4,050 | 9,149 |
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions.
Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||
2006 | 2005 | |||||
Expected life (in years) | 3.4 | 4.5 | ||||
Risk-free interest rate | 4.7 | % | 4.0 | % | ||
Expected volatility | 40.8 | % | 48.0 | % | ||
Expected dividend yield | 0 | % | 0 | % |
The expected term input is based on a forward-looking stock price lattice model incorporating the Company’s historical exercise data and projected post-vest turnover rate. Expected volatility is based on a simple average of the historical volatility of the Company’s stock corresponding to the expected term of the option and the implied volatility provided by its traded options pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107. The risk-free interest rate is based on the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with remaining term equal to the expected life.
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Performance-based Compensation
In the second quarter of 2005, the Company adopted a new compensation policy in order to better align consultants’ interests with those of the shareholders and increase consultant share ownership. Under the new policy, between 10% and 20% of consultant and management bonuses (plus a premium of 10% on the shares received) are paid in the form of restricted stock units that vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. The restricted stock units are issued in the month of March following the year in which the bonus was earned. Compensation expense related to these restricted stock units is recognized over the service period which, for this year, is considered to have begun at the start of 2006 as bonuses are earned. Compensation expense recognized prior to the date of grant is considered stock-based compensation expense. A corresponding amount is classified as a current liability until the date of grant, at which time the liability is reclassified as a component of stockholders’ equity.
Other Significant Accounting Policies
A complete listing of the Company’s significant accounting policies is discussed in Note 2,Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the SEC on March 10, 2006.
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Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN No. 48 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of FIN No. 48 will have on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for annual periods beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”, an amendment to FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132 (R). This Statement requires a company to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its financial statements, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2006. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 158 will have on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
4. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are as follows:
Americas | Europe | Asia Pacific | Total | |||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 | $ | 31,117 | $ | 13,904 | $ | 1,634 | $ | 46,655 | ||||
Exchange rate fluctuations | — | 1,035 | 27 | 1,062 | ||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2006 | $ | 31,117 | $ | 14,939 | $ | 1,661 | $ | 47,717 | ||||
Other Intangible Assets
The carrying amount of amortizable intangible assets and the related accumulated amortization are as follows:
September 30, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Life | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | Gross Carrying Amount | Accumulated Amortization | Net Carrying Amount | ||||||||||||||||
Client relationships | 15.7 | $ | 13,851 | $ | (8,020 | ) | $ | 5,831 | $ | 13,370 | $ | (7,131 | ) | $ | 6,239 |
Intangible amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 was $228 thousand and $219 thousand, respectively. Intangible amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 was $680 thousand and $656 thousand, respectively. The estimated intangible amortization expense is approximately $916 thousand per year for fiscal years 2006 through 2009 and approximately $522 thousand in fiscal year 2010, excluding any potential additional expense related to the acquisition of Highland Partners.
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5. Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The Company maintains a pension plan for certain employees in Germany. The pensions are individually fixed euro amounts that vary depending on the function and the eligible years of service of the employee. The components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
Service cost | $ | 73 | $ | 92 | $ | 214 | $ | 286 | ||||||
Interest cost | 268 | 276 | 785 | 863 | ||||||||||
Amortization of net gain | — | (80 | ) | — | (249 | ) | ||||||||
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 341 | $ | 288 | $ | 999 | $ | 900 | ||||||
The pension benefits are fully reinsured through a group insurance contract with Victoria Lebensversicherung AG. The change in the fair value of these assets approximates the net periodic benefit cost for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006.
6. Comprehensive Income
The components of comprehensive income are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 11,151 | $ | 30,396 | $ | 27,467 | $ | 32,289 | |||||||
Change in foreign currency translation adjustments | (344 | ) | 207 | 3,865 | (3,148 | ) | |||||||||
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on available- for-sale investments | 78 | (210 | ) | 78 | (339 | ) | |||||||||
Comprehensive income | $ | 10,885 | $ | 30,393 | $ | 31,410 | $ | 28,802 | |||||||
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7. Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
A reconciliation of the basic and diluted earnings per common share, and the shares used in the computation, are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Net income | $ | 11,151 | $ | 30,396 | $ | 27,467 | $ | 32,289 | ||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 17,462 | 18,694 | 18,024 | 18,957 | ||||||||
Dilutive common shares | 993 | 575 | 933 | 929 | ||||||||
Weighted average diluted common shares outstanding | 18,455 | 19,269 | 18,957 | 19,886 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 0.64 | $ | 1.63 | $ | 1.52 | $ | 1.70 | ||||
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 0.60 | $ | 1.58 | $ | 1.45 | $ | 1.62 |
8. Restructuring Charges
In the second quarter of 2005, the Company announced initiatives to improve operating margin in order to meet company-wide profitability objectives. During 2005, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $22.5 million. SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when a liability is incurred rather than when a company commits to an exit or disposal plan. As such, certain costs associated with the restructuring initiatives that began in the second quarter of 2005 are recognized in subsequent periods when a liability is incurred.
During the first nine months of 2006, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $0.4 million related to the final determination of certain severance accruals and the refinement of cost estimates concerning certain previously restructured sublet properties.
Changes in the accrual for restructuring charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 are as follows:
Employee- related | Office- related | Total | ||||||||||
Accrual balance at December 31, 2005 | $ | 2,861 | $ | 15,749 | $ | 18,610 | ||||||
Restructuring charges (credits) | (45 | ) | 451 | 406 | ||||||||
Cash payments | (2,252 | ) | (3,198 | ) | (5,450 | ) | ||||||
Accrual balance at September 30, 2006 | $ | 564 | $ | 13,002 | $ | 13,566 | ||||||
The Company expects that cash outlays over the next twelve months related to restructuring charges accrued at September 30, 2006 will be $3.3 million. The remaining accrued restructuring charges of $10.3 million, principally for contractual lease obligations net of sublease income, are expected to be paid over the remaining lease terms of vacated properties, which extend through 2016.
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9. Realized and Unrealized Gains on Equity and Warrant Portfolio
The realized and unrealized gains, net of consultants’ share of the gains and other costs, arising from the equity and warrant portfolio are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||||||||
Realized gains on investments | $ | 433 | $ | 329 | $ | 598 | $ | 911 | |||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments | (114 | ) | 97 | (164 | ) | (681 | ) | ||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on equity and warrant portfolio | $ | 319 | $ | 426 | $ | 434 | $ | 230 | |||||||
10. Income Taxes
In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate based on expected annual income by jurisdiction, statutory tax rates, and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The impact of significant discrete items is separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur.
In the third quarter of 2006, the Company reported income before taxes of $19.2 million and recorded an income tax provision of $8.0 million, resulting in an effective tax rate of 41.9%.
In the third quarter of 2005, the Company reported income before tax of $14.9 million and recorded an income tax benefit of $15.4 million. The effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2005 was 17.0% which excluded discrete items of $18.0 million, primarily related to the partial reduction in the valuation allowance related to a change in judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets in future years. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2005, excluding discrete items, was significantly lower than the statutory rate because the valuation allowance was reduced throughout the year as tax deductions related to deferred tax assets were used to reduce current taxable income, resulting in a zero federal and state income tax provision for the prior year.
For the first nine months of 2006, the Company reported income before taxes of $46.0 million and recorded an income tax provision of $18.6 million. An annual effective tax rate of 37.3% was used to record the income tax provision for the first nine months of 2006. The income tax provision includes $1.4 million of expense related to certain non-cash tax adjustments recorded in the first nine months of 2006 that were not considered in the annual effective tax rate. Such items include transitioning from deducting foreign income taxes to claiming them as credits and adjustments to tax accruals.
For the first nine months of 2005, the Company reported income before taxes of $16.5 million and recorded an income tax benefit of $15.8 million. An annual effective tax rate of 16.9% was used to record the income tax provision for the first nine months of 2005. In addition, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of $18.6 million related to certain significant discrete tax items during the first nine months of 2005 that were not considered in the estimate of the annual effective tax rate. Such items included a partial reduction of $18.1 million in the valuation allowance related to certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” in the third quarter of 2005 the Company concluded it was more likely than not that a majority of its U.S. deferred tax assets would be recoverable and, as a result, reversed $24.6 million of the valuation allowance related to the U.S. deferred tax assets. Of this amount, $18.1 million was recognized as income and $6.5 million was credited to additional paid in capital as it related to the income tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation that had not been previously recorded.
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11. Segment Information
The Company operates its executive search and leadership consulting services in three geographic regions: the Americas, which includes the United States, Canada, Mexico and Latin America; Europe, which includes the Middle East and Africa; and Asia Pacific.
For segment purposes, reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenses classified as revenue are reported separately and therefore are not included in the net revenue by geographic region. The Company believes that analyzing trends in revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) and analyzing operating expenses as a percentage of net revenue more appropriately reflects the Company’s core operations.
The revenue, operating income, depreciation and amortization, and capital expenditures, by segment, are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 67,855 | $ | 65,181 | $ | 191,766 | $ | 179,060 | ||||||||
Europe | 42,278 | 34,267 | 118,141 | 102,679 | ||||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 14,503 | 10,157 | 36,383 | 29,821 | ||||||||||||
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) | 124,636 | 109,605 | 346,290 | 311,560 | ||||||||||||
Reimbursements | 6,268 | 4,339 | 16,835 | 15,735 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 130,904 | $ | 113,944 | $ | 363,125 | $ | 327,295 | ||||||||
Operating income: | ||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 14,919 | $ | 14,511 | $ | 40,775 | $ | 39,174 | ||||||||
Europe | 5,852 | 3,718 | 12,614 | 5,789 | ||||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 4,456 | 2,648 | 9,926 | 7,389 | ||||||||||||
Total regions | 25,227 | 20,877 | 63,315 | 52,352 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | (7,813 | ) | (6,349 | ) | (21,395 | ) | (18,424 | ) | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 149 | (1,580 | ) | (406 | ) | (22,417 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | 17,563 | $ | 12,948 | $ | 41,514 | $ | 11,511 | ||||||||
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Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization: | ||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 950 | $ | 1,155 | $ | 3,027 | $ | 3,703 | ||||
Europe | 881 | 956 | 2,626 | 3,316 | ||||||||
Asia Pacific | 202 | 196 | 605 | 589 | ||||||||
Total regions | 2,033 | 2,307 | 6,258 | 7,608 | ||||||||
Corporate | 255 | 365 | 1,103 | 1,020 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 2,288 | $ | 2,672 | $ | 7,361 | $ | 8,628 | ||||
Capital expenditures: | ||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 814 | $ | 432 | $ | 1,357 | $ | 1,649 | ||||
Europe | 753 | 524 | 1,200 | 1,466 | ||||||||
Asia Pacific | 421 | 263 | 588 | 910 | ||||||||
Total regions | 1,988 | 1,219 | 3,145 | 4,025 | ||||||||
Corporate | 239 | 124 | 411 | 443 | ||||||||
Total | $ | 2,227 | $ | 1,343 | $ | 3,556 | $ | 4,468 | ||||
The identifiable assets, and goodwill and other intangible assets, by segment, are as follows:
September 30, 2006 | December 31, 2005 | |||||
Identifiable assets: | ||||||
Americas | $ | 99,017 | $ | 84,076 | ||
Europe | 145,695 | 112,079 | ||||
Asia Pacific | 47,443 | 37,285 | ||||
Total regions | 292,155 | 233,440 | ||||
Corporate | 151,883 | 177,482 | ||||
Total | $ | 444,038 | $ | 410,922 | ||
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net: | ||||||
Americas | $ | 33,231 | $ | 33,674 | ||
Europe | 18,656 | 17,586 | ||||
Asia Pacific | 1,661 | 1,634 | ||||
Total | $ | 53,548 | $ | 52,894 | ||
12. Guarantees
The Company has issued guarantees supporting the payment of obligations of certain subsidiaries in Europe and Asia Pacific for office leases. The guarantees were made to secure the respective lease agreements and are for the term of the lease agreements, which extend through 2013. For each guarantee issued, should the subsidiary default on a lease payment, the Company would have to perform under the guarantee. The maximum amount of undiscounted payments the Company would be required to make in the event of default on all outstanding guarantees is $1.5 million as of September 30, 2006. No amount has been accrued for the Company’s obligation under these guaranty arrangements as no event of default exists.
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13. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company has contingent liabilities from various pending claims and litigation matters arising in the course of its business, some of which involve claims for damages that are substantial in amount. Some of these matters are covered by insurance. Although the Company’s ultimate liability in these matters cannot be determined, based upon information currently available, the Company believes the ultimate resolution of such claims and litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In December 2002, Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Miami filed suit against the Company regarding a search for a chief executive officer the Company performed in 1998. The suit sought damages, including between $59 million and $75 million, based primarily upon the operating loss incurred by Mt. Sinai in 2001, the chief executive officer’s last year at the hospital. On June 30, 2004, the judge presiding over this case in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida granted summary judgment in favor of the Company, dismissing all the claims made by Mt. Sinai. Mt. Sinai then filed an appeal with respect to this decision. On July 12, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit Court affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida to dismiss all claims made against the Company. On July 31, 2006, Mt. Sinai filed a petition for re-hearing with the 11th Circuit Court, which petition was denied on August 16, 2006. This denial represents a final disposition of Mt. Sinai’s appeal. Subsequently, on October 2, 2006, the parties entered into a release agreement, pursuant to which Mt. Sinai agreed to forgo any action whatsoever to continue the litigation against the Company.
Contingencies
During the fourth quarter of 2005, a European country commenced a tax audit that is ongoing for the years 2001 through 2004, including an examination of the Company’s arrangements with certain professional service companies that provided consulting services to the Company. On October 19, 2006, the examining tax authority furnished the Company a draft of its audit report for review and comment. This draft report contained a preliminary assessment in the amount of $5.4 million. The Company expects that the examining tax authority will provide a definitive report in the near future. The Company is currently evaluating the premises and conclusions of the audit report and on the basis of that evaluation would expect to appeal the assessment set forth in the definitive audit report when delivered. As a result, the Company believes the potential amount of any final assessment cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The Company also believes that the amount of a final assessment, if any, would not be material to the Company’s financial condition.
14. Subsequent Events
On October 2, 2006, the Company completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Highland Partners, a leading retained executive search boutique and a division of Hudson Highland Group, Inc., through an asset purchase funded from existing cash for $36.6 million in initial consideration to Hudson Highland Group. Hudson Highland Group will also be eligible to receive earnout payments of up to $15 million based on the acquired consultants achieving certain revenue metrics in 2007 and 2008. The total purchase price, including the $36.6 million paid at closing and the 2007 and 2008 earnout payments will not exceed $51.6 million. All 48 of the Highland Partners consultants who were offered employment by the Company have accepted and joined the Company.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as well as other sections of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements. The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry in which we operate, and management’s beliefs and assumptions. Forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “projects,” “forecasts,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, forecasted or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that may affect the outcome of the forward-looking statements include, among other things, our ability to attract and retain qualified executive search consultants; the condition of the economies in the United States, Europe, or elsewhere; social or political instability in markets in which we operate; the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; price competition; the ability to forecast, on a quarterly basis, variable compensation accruals that ultimately are determined based on the achievement of annual results; delays or difficulties in integrating Highland Partners search operations; our ability to achieve the planned cost savings from our cost reduction initiatives; our ability to sublease or assign unused office space; our ability to realize our tax loss carryforwards; the timing of any deferred tax asset valuation allowance reversals; the mix of profit or loss by country; an impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets; and delays in the development and/or implementation of new technology and systems. For more information on the factors that could affect the outcome of forward-looking statements, refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 under Risk Factors in Item 1. We caution the reader that the list of factors may not be exhaustive. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Executive Overview
Our Business
We are a premier provider of senior-level executive search and leadership consulting services. We help our clients build leadership teams by facilitating the recruitment, management and deployment of personnel for their executive management and board positions. In addition to executive search, we provide a range of leadership consulting services, including succession planning, executive development and top team effectiveness. Focusing on top-level services offers us several advantages, including access to, and influence with, key decision makers, increased potential for recurring search consulting engagements, higher fees per search, enhanced brand visibility, and added barriers to entry. Working at the top also allows us to attract and retain high-caliber consultants.
We provide our services to a broad range of clients through the expertise of 343 consultants located in 26 countries throughout the world. Our executive search services are provided on a retained basis. Revenue before reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenses (“net revenue”) consists of retainers and indirect expenses billed to clients. Typically, we are paid a retainer for our executive search services equal to approximately one-third of the estimated first year compensation for the position to be filled. In addition, if the actual compensation of a placed candidate exceeds the estimated compensation, we often are authorized to bill the client for one-third of the excess. Indirect expenses are calculated as a percentage of the retainer with certain dollar limits per search.
Key Performance Indicators
We manage and assess Heidrick & Struggles’ performance through various means, with the primary financial and operational measures including net revenue growth, operating income, operating margin, consultant headcount, new search confirmation trends, consultant productivity, and average fee per executive search.
Revenue growth is driven by a combination of additional consultants, an increase in executive searches, higher productivity levels and higher average fees per search or service. With the exception of compensation expense, incremental increases in revenue do not necessarily result in proportionate increases in costs, particularly operating and administrative expenses, thus potentially improving operating margins.
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The number of consultants, confirmation trends, number of searches completed, productivity levels and the average fee per search will vary from quarter to quarter, affecting revenue growth and operating margin.
Our Compensation Model
Our compensation model closely aligns the interests of our consultants, our Company and our shareholders. Consultants are rewarded for individual performance based on a system that directly ties compensation to the amount of net revenue for which the consultant is responsible. Each quarter, we review and update the expected annual performance and compensation accruals for our consultants. At the group and company level, variable compensation is based on our performance against company-wide and regional profitability targets approved by the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors and recorded based on the performance of the respective region and the Company as a whole. As a result, the variable portion of compensation expense may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter.
In the second quarter of 2005, we adopted a new compensation policy in order to better align consultants’ interests with those of the shareholders and increase consultant share ownership. Under this policy, a portion of consultant and management bonuses are paid in the form of restricted stock units that vest ratably over a three-year period from the date of grant. The amount paid in the form of restricted stock units varies between 10% and 20% (plus a premium of 10% on the shares received) depending on the employee’s position. The restricted stock units are issued in the quarter following the year in which the performance portion of the awards is earned. Compensation expense related to awards requiring satisfaction of both service and performance conditions is recognized using a graded vesting attribution method over the requisite service period which for 2006, began January 1 and continues through the final vesting date, which is generally three years from the date of grant.
2006 Developments
In the 2006 third quarter, our Board of Directors elected L. Kevin Kelly as Chief Executive Officer and appointed him as a director of the Company. Mr. Kelly will also assume the responsibility of Regional Managing Partner of the Americas. Mr. Kelly has held various positions within the Company since 1997, most recently as President of EMEA and Asia-Pacific. The prior Chairman and CEO Thomas J. Friel, who previously announced in June his intention to transition out of the CEO role, has become non-executive Chairman of the Board.
David Peters will assume the role of Regional Managing Partner of EMEA and Gerry Davis will assume the role of Regional Managing Partner of Asia Pacific. In conjunction with having named the two regional managing partners, Jeff R. Scherb, our Chief Technology and Operations Officer, who has been assisting Mr. Kelly in running both EMEA and Asia Pacific, will be leaving the Company to retire at the end of the year. We further announced that Amanda Alexander has been appointed to a new position as Global Head of Talent.
On October 2, 2006, we completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Highland Partners, a leading retained executive search boutique and a division of Hudson Highland Group, Inc., through an asset purchase funded from existing cash for $36.6 million in initial consideration to Hudson Highland Group. Hudson Highland Group will also be eligible to receive earnout payments of up to $15.0 million based on the acquired consultants achieving certain revenue metrics in 2007 and 2008. The total purchase price, including the $36.6 million paid at closing and the 2007 and 2008 earnout payments will not exceed $51.6 million. All 48 of the Highland Partners consultants who were offered employment by us have accepted and joined our Company.
2006 Outlook
In our 2005 fourth quarter, we announced a change in our policy for providing financial guidance, and starting in 2006, we changed from providing quarterly net revenue and operating margin guidance to providing annual net revenue and operating margin guidance. We revised our 2006 annual guidance to reflect the integration of Highland Partners’ operations. For
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2006, we expect net revenue of between $465 million and $475 million, representing growth over 2005 net revenue of between 12.8 percent and 15.2 percent. We expect the 2006 full-year operating margin to be in the range of 11 percent and 12 percent, reflecting the timing of spending associated with the integration, and the amortization of cash and equity retention bonuses for the former Highland consultants. Net income and earnings per share are expected to reflect a full-year effective tax rate of approximately 40 percent, including discrete items. The quarterly and full-year income tax rate estimates can be significantly impacted by country-level results and can vary significantly by reporting period, as well as by discrete items that require immediate recognition in a particular quarter.
Results of Operations
We operate our executive search and leadership consulting services in three geographic regions: the Americas, Europe, and Asia Pacific.
For segment purposes, reimbursements of out-of-pocket expenses classified as revenue are reported separately and therefore are not included in the net revenue by geographic region. We believe that analyzing trends in revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) and analyzing operating expenses as a percentage of net revenue more appropriately reflect our core operations.
The following table summarizes, for the periods indicated, the results of our operations as a percentage of revenue before reimbursements (net revenue):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||
Reimbursements | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 5.1 | ||||||||
Total revenue | 105.0 | 104.0 | 104.9 | 105.1 | ||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
Salaries and employee benefits | 67.2 | 65.0 | 67.8 | 66.5 | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 18.9 | 21.7 | 20.1 | 22.6 | ||||||||
Reimbursements | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 5.1 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | (0.1 | ) | 1.4 | 0.1 | 7.2 | |||||||
�� | ||||||||||||
Total operating expenses | 90.9 | 92.1 | 92.9 | 101.4 | ||||||||
Operating income | 14.1 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 3.7 | ||||||||
Non-operating income (expense): | ||||||||||||
Interest income | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ||||||||
Interest expense | — | — | — | (0.1 | ) | |||||||
Net realized and unrealized gains on equity and warrant portfolio, net of the consultants’ share of the gains | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | ||||||||
Other, net | (0.1 | ) | — | (0.2 | ) | 0.4 | ||||||
Net non-operating income | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.6 | ||||||||
Income before income taxes | 15.4 | 13.6 | 13.3 | 5.3 | ||||||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 6.5 | (14.1 | ) | 5.4 | (5.1 | ) | ||||||
Net income | 8.9 | % | 27.7 | % | 7.9 | % | 10.4 | % | ||||
Note: | Totals and sub-totals may not equal the sum of individual line items due to rounding. |
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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our revenue and operating income by segment (in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2006 | 2005 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 67,855 | $ | 65,181 | $ | 191,766 | $ | 179,060 | ||||||||
Europe | 42,278 | 34,267 | 118,141 | 102,679 | ||||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 14,503 | 10,157 | 36,383 | 29,821 | ||||||||||||
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue) | 124,636 | 109,605 | 346,290 | 311,560 | ||||||||||||
Reimbursements | 6,268 | 4,339 | 16,835 | 15,735 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 130,904 | $ | 113,944 | $ | 363,125 | $ | 327,295 | ||||||||
Operating income: | ||||||||||||||||
Americas | $ | 14,919 | $ | 14,511 | $ | 40,775 | $ | 39,174 | ||||||||
Europe | 5,852 | 3,718 | 12,614 | 5,789 | ||||||||||||
Asia Pacific | 4,456 | 2,648 | 9,926 | 7,389 | ||||||||||||
Total regions | 25,227 | 20,877 | 63,315 | 52,352 | ||||||||||||
Corporate | (7,813 | ) | (6,349 | ) | (21,395 | ) | (18,424 | ) | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 149 | (1,580 | ) | (406 | ) | (22,417 | ) | |||||||||
Total | $ | 17,563 | $ | 12,948 | $ | 41,514 | $ | 11,511 | ||||||||
Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2005
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue). Consolidated net revenue increased $15.0 million, or 13.7%, to $124.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $109.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Strong results from the Consumer, Industrial and Financial Services industry groups contributed to the year-over-year growth. The number of confirmed executive searches increased 7.2% compared to the third quarter of 2005. The number of executive search consultants increased to 343 as of September 30, 2006, compared to 315 as of December 31, 2005 and 306 as of September 30, 2005. Productivity, as measured by annualized revenue per executive search consultant, remained at $1.4 million and the average fee per executive search increased to $108,100. The positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations, primarily in Europe, resulted in an increase in net revenue of 1.8 percentage points in the 2006 third quarter.
Net revenue in the Americas was $67.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $2.7 million, or 4.1%, from $65.2 million in the third quarter of 2005. Strong results from the Consumer and Industrial industry groups contributed to the year-over-year growth in this region. The positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations contributed to less than one percentage point of revenue growth in the 2006 third quarter. Net revenue in Europe was $42.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $8.0 million, or 23.4%, from $34.3 million in the third quarter of 2005 and increased $6.2 million or approximately 18% on a constant currency basis. The increase in net revenue over last year’s third quarter was driven by strong results in the Financial Services, Consumer and Industrial industry groups. In Asia Pacific, net revenue was $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $4.3 million, or 42.8%, from $10.2 million in the third quarter of 2005. The positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations contributed to less than one percentage point of revenue growth in the 2006 third quarter. Net revenue growth was especially strong in the Financial Services, Industrial and Consumer industry groups.
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Salaries and employee benefits. Consolidated salaries and employee benefits expense increased $12.4 million, or 17.4%, to $83.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $71.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Fixed salaries and employee benefits expense increased $10.1 million and performance-based compensation expense increased $2.3 million. Fixed salaries and employee benefits expense includes stock-based compensation expense earned under prior year equity awards requiring satisfaction of both service and performance conditions.
During the 2006 third quarter, we revised our policy relating to the vesting of certain restricted stock units upon the eligible retirement of employees that hold such awards. According to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (“SFAS No. 123R”), this policy revision constitutes a modification of those equity awards. As a result, we are required to recognize the original grant date fair value compensation cost over an accelerated service period (i.e., through the earliest date each equity award holder is eligible to retire) for those awards affected by the modification. During the 2006 third quarter, we recorded an additional $1.2 million of compensation expense related to this modification.
The increase in fixed salaries and employee benefits expense of $10.1 million was primarily attributable to an 8% increase in headcount since the third quarter of 2005 and a $2.0 million increase in stock-based compensation expense. The increase in stock-based compensation expense is primarily due to additional expense of $0.7 million related to stock option expense now required to be recorded in earnings under a new accounting standard, $0.7 million related to prior year equity awards containing both service and performance conditions, and $0.6 million related to accelerated recognition of expense due to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards during the third quarter of 2006 that allows for continued vesting upon retirement if certain age and service requirements have been met by the equity award holder.
Performance-based compensation expense increased $2.3 million in the third quarter of 2006 compared to the third quarter of 2005 primarily as a result of the increase in the number of consultants added during the last year and the improved operating metrics on which the compensation is based. Also, performance-based compensation expense was increased by $0.6 million related to the accelerated recognition of expense due to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards. These increases were partially offset by the reduction in compensation expense of $0.9 million resulting from a greater percentage of compensation being paid in equity awards as opposed to cash awards in the third quarter of 2006 compared to the third quarter of 2005, as the expense related to equity awards is recognized over a longer period of time (i.e., over the vesting period).
General and administrative expenses. Consolidated general and administrative expenses decreased $0.2 million, or 0.9%, to $23.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from $23.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Discretionary spending, primarily related to fees for professional services and business development, increased $0.2 million, and was offset by decreases of $0.2 million in bad debt expense and $0.2 million in infrastructure expense.
As a percentage of net revenue, general and administrative expenses were 18.9% in the third quarter of 2006, compared to 21.7% in the third quarter of 2005. This improvement reflects efforts undertaken to reduce operating expenses in 2005, a continued focus on cost control and higher net revenue levels.
Restructuring charges. In the second quarter of 2005, we announced initiatives to improve operating margin in order to meet company-wide profitability objectives. During 2005, we recorded restructuring charges of $22.5 million. SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when a liability is incurred rather than when a company commits to an exit or disposal plan. As such, certain costs associated with the restructuring initiatives that began in the second quarter of 2005 are recognized in subsequent periods when a liability is incurred.
In the third quarter of 2006, we revised estimates of previously announced restructuring initiatives and reversed previous restructuring charges by $0.1 million, primarily related to the final determination of certain severance accruals and the refinement of cost estimates concerning certain sublet properties. We may record additional changes to cost estimates during the remainder of 2006 primarily related to the final determination of certain accruals; however, these amounts are not expected to be material.
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We expect that cash outlays over the next twelve months related to restructuring charges accrued at September 30, 2006 will be $3.3 million. The remaining accrued restructuring charges of $10.3 million, principally for contractual lease obligations net of sublease income, are expected to be paid over the remaining lease terms of vacated properties, which extend through 2016.
Operating income. Our consolidated operating income was $17.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 compared to operating income of $12.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005.
The increase in operating income of $4.7 million was due to a decrease in restructuring charges of $1.7 million in the third quarter of 2006, the decrease in general and administrative expenses of $0.2 million, and the increase in net revenue of $15.0 million, offset by increases of $12.4 million in salaries and employee benefits expense.
In the Americas, operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2006 increased $0.4 million to $14.9 million from $14.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The increase in net revenue of $2.7 million was offset by an increase in salaries and employee benefits expense of $3.1 million while general and administrative expenses decreased by $0.8 million primarily related to decreased discretionary spending. The year over year growth in operating income was negatively impacted by the planned increase in consultant and support staff headcount and stock-based compensation expense.
Salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $3.1 million primarily as a result of a 13% increase in headcount since the third quarter of 2005 and higher stock-based compensation expense. Stock-based compensation expense increased by $2.0 million due to a $0.9 million increase in the number of outstanding restricted stock units, $0.3 million expense related to stock options now recorded in earnings under a new accounting standard and $0.8 million related to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards. In 2006, the amount of performance-based compensation to be paid in the form of restricted stock units increased from 10% to 15% for certain individuals, which resulted in an additional deferral of $0.3 million in the third quarter of 2006.
In Europe, operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2006 increased $2.1 million to $5.9 million from $3.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005 as a result of increased net revenue combined with cost savings associated with restructuring initiatives that began in the third quarter of 2005. The increase in net revenue of $8.0 million was offset by an increase in salary and employee benefits expenses of $6.1 million. Fixed salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $1.8 million in the third quarter of 2006 compared to the third quarter of 2005. Performance-based compensation expense increased $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2006 compared to the third quarter of 2005 primarily as result of improved operating metrics on which the compensation is based. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2006 compared to the third quarter of 2005 primarily as a result of a decrease in bad debt expense.
In Asia Pacific, operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2006 was $4.5 million, an increase of $1.9 million, compared to operating income of $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The increase in net revenue of $4.3 million was offset by increases of $2.2 million in salaries and employee benefits expense and $0.2 million of general and administrative expenses.
Unallocated corporate expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2006 were $7.8 million compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The increase of $1.5 million in unallocated corporate expenses was the result $0.9 million of severance recorded in the 2006 third quarter, $0.2 million in integration costs related to the acquisition of Highland Partners, $0.2 million in increased stock option expense and $0.2 million of increased expense related to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards.
In the third quarter of 2006, we revised estimates of previously announced restructuring initiatives and reversed previous restructuring charges of $0.1 million. The restructuring charges are explained in the preceding section captionedRestructuring charges.
Net non-operating income. Net non-operating income was $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005.
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Net interest income in the third quarter of 2006 decreased $0.1 million to $1.4 million primarily due to lower cash balances and lower investment returns on more liquid securities in anticipation of the Highland Partners acquisition.
During the three months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized $0.4 million of realized gains and $0.1 million of unrealized losses, net of the consultants’ share of the gains and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio. During the three months ended September 30, 2005, we recognized $0.3 million of realized gains and $0.1 million of unrealized gains, net of the consultants’ share of the gains and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio.
Income taxes.In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate based on expected annual income by jurisdiction, statutory tax rates, and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. The impact of significant discrete items is separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur.
In the third quarter of 2006, we reported income before taxes of $19.2 million and recorded an income tax provision of $8.0 million resulting in an effective tax rate of 41.9%.
In the third quarter of 2005, we reported income before taxes of $14.9 million and recorded an income tax benefit of $15.4 million. The effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2005 was 17.0%, which excluded discrete items of $18.0 million, primarily related to the partial reduction in the valuation allowance related to a change in judgment about the realizability of deferred tax assets in future years. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2005, excluding discrete items, was significantly lower than the statutory rate because the valuation allowance was reduced throughout the year as tax deductions related to deferred tax assets were used to reduce current taxable income, resulting in a zero federal and state provision for the prior year.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005
Revenue before reimbursements (net revenue). Consolidated net revenue increased $34.7 million, or 11.1%, to $346.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $311.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Net revenue increased in the Financial Services, Consumer, Industrial, Health Care and Higher Education/Nonprofit industry groups in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The number of confirmed executive searches increased 4.9% compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The number of executive search consultants increased to 343 as of September 30, 2006, compared to 315 as of December 31, 2005 and 306 as of September 30, 2005. We maintained annualized revenue per consultant of $1.3 million, which is consistent with the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The negative impact of exchange rate fluctuations was less than one percentage point for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
Net revenue in the Americas was $191.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $12.7 million, or 7.1%, from $179.1 million in the first nine months of 2005. Net revenue increased in the Consumer, Financial Services, Health Care, Industrial and Higher Education/Nonprofit industry groups in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations was less than one percentage point for the nine months ended September 30, 2006. Net revenue in Europe was $118.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $15.4 million, or 15.1%, from $102.7 million in the first nine months of 2005, and increased $17.2 million or approximately 17%, on a constant currency basis driven by strong growth in the Financial Services industry group. In Asia Pacific, net revenue was $36.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, an increase of $6.6 million, or 22.0%, from $29.8 million in the first nine months of 2005, and increased $6.9 million, or approximately 23%, on a constant currency basis. Most industry groups experienced significant net revenue growth in comparison to the 2005 third quarter.
Salaries and employee benefits. Consolidated salaries and employee benefits expense increased $27.5 million, or 13.3%, to $234.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $207.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Fixed salaries and employee benefits expense increased $17.6 million primarily
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attributable to an 8% net increase in headcount since the third quarter of 2005. Also, stock-based compensation expense was higher by $6.3 million in the first nine months of 2006 as compared to the first nine months of 2005 primarily as a result of additional expense of $2.1 million related to stock options now recorded in earnings under a new accounting standard, $0.6 million related to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards and $3.6 million related to an increase in the number of outstanding restricted stock unit awards.
Performance-based compensation expense increased $9.9 million in the first nine months of 2006 compared to the first nine months of 2005 primarily as a result of the increase in the number of consultants added during the last year and the improved operating metrics on which the compensation is based. Also, performance-based compensation expense was increased by $0.6 million related to the accelerated recognition of expense due to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards. These increases were partially offset by the reduction in compensation expense of $2.4 million resulting from a greater percentage of compensation being paid in equity awards as opposed to cash awards in the first nine months of 2006 compared to the first nine months of 2005, as the expense related to equity awards is recognized over a longer period of time (i.e., over the vesting period).
The negative impact of exchange rates on consolidated salaries and employee benefits was less than one percentage point for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to the same period in 2005.
General and administrative expenses. Consolidated general and administrative expenses decreased $0.9 million, or 1.2%, to $69.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from $70.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 primarily as a result of decreases of $0.5 million in bad debt expenses, $0.3 million in discretionary spending and $1.2 million related to depreciation and other infrastructure costs. Also, the 2005 period included a $0.6 million rebate of property taxes paid in prior years and a $0.5 million favorable settlement of an insurance claim.
Restructuring charges. In the second quarter of 2005, we announced initiatives to improve operating margin in order to meet company-wide profitability objectives. During the first nine months of 2005, we recorded restructuring charges of $22.4 million. SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when a liability is incurred rather than when a company commits to an exit or disposal plan. As such, certain costs associated with the restructuring initiatives that began in the second quarter of 2005 are recognized in subsequent periods when a liability is incurred.
In the first nine months of 2006, we revised estimates of previously announced restructuring initiatives and recorded restructuring charges of $0.4 million, primarily related to the final determination of certain severance accruals and the refinement of cost estimates concerning certain sublet properties. We may record additional changes to cost estimates during the remainder of 2006 primarily related to the final determination of certain accruals; however, these amounts are not expected to be material.
We expect that cash outlays over the next twelve months related to restructuring charges accrued at September 30, 2006 will be $3.3 million. The remaining accrued restructuring charges of $10.3 million, principally for contractual lease obligations net of sublease income, are expected to be paid over the remaining lease terms of vacated properties, which extend through 2016.
Operating income. Our consolidated operating income was $41.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to operating income of $11.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.
The increase in operating income of $30.0 million was due to the decrease in restructuring charges of $22.0 million in the 2006 period, the increase in net revenue of $34.7 million, the decrease of $0.9 million in general and administrative expenses offset by an increase of $27.6 million in salaries and employee benefits expense.
In the Americas, operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 increased $1.6 million to $40.8 million from $39.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. As net revenue increased by $12.7 million, salaries and employee benefits expense increased by $12.3 million and general and administrative expenses decreased by $1.2 million. The increase in salaries and employee benefits expense is primarily as a result of a 13% increase in headcount since the third quarter of 2005 and higher stock-based compensation expense related to the
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number of restricted stock units granted in the first quarter of 2006 as compared to the first quarter of 2005. The decrease in general and administrative expenses of $1.2 million is a result of lower discretionary spending of $0.2 million, and decreases of $0.3 million in bad debt expense and $0.7 million in infrastructure expenses.
In Europe, operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 increased $6.8 million to $12.6 million from $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 as a result of increased net revenue combined with cost savings associated with restructuring initiatives that began in the second quarter of 2005. The increase in net revenue of $15.5 million along with a decrease of $0.2 million in general and administrative expenses were partially offset by an increase of $8.9 million of salaries and employee benefits expense.
In Asia Pacific, operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $9.9 million, an increase of $2.5 million, compared to operating income of $7.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase in net revenue of $6.6 million was partially offset by an increase of $3.6 million in salaries and employee benefits expense and an increase of $0.5 million of general and administrative expenses.
Unallocated corporate expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 were $21.4 million compared to $18.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The increase of $3.0 million in unallocated corporate expenses was primarily the result of increased salaries and employee benefits expense of $1.1 million due to increased headcount and an increase in the number of outstanding restricted stock units since the third quarter of 2005. Also, the 2006 third quarter includes $0.9 million of severance costs, $0.2 million in integration costs related to the acquisition of Highland Partners, $0.6 million of stock option expense now recorded in earnings under a new accounting standard and $0.2 million related to the modification of certain restricted stock unit awards.
Restructuring charges were $0.4 million in the first nine months of 2006, down from $22.4 million in the first nine months of 2005. The restructuring charges are explained in the preceding section captionedRestructuring charges.
Net non-operating income. Net non-operating income was $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $5.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005.
Net interest income in the first nine months of 2006 increased $0.7 million to $4.7 million primarily due to higher cash balances and higher investment returns on the invested cash.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized $0.6 million of realized gains and $0.2 million of unrealized losses, net of the consultants’ share of the gains (losses) and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we recognized $0.9 million of realized gains and $0.7 million of unrealized losses, net of the consultants’ share of the gains (losses) and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio.
Net other non-operating expense was $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to net other non-operating income of $1.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Other non-operating income (expense) consists primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses, including those related to intercompany balances not considered permanent in nature, which are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency.
Income taxes.In determining the quarterly provision for income taxes, we use an estimated annual effective tax rate based on expected annual income by jurisdiction, statutory tax rates, and tax planning opportunities available in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The impact of significant discrete items is separately recognized in the quarter in which they occur.
For the first nine months of 2006, the Company reported income before taxes of $46.0 million and recorded an income tax provision of $18.6 million. An annual effective tax rate of 37.3% was used to record the income tax provision for the first nine months of 2006. The income tax provision includes $1.4 million of expense related to certain non-cash tax adjustments recorded in the first nine months of 2006 that were not considered in the annual effective tax rate. Such items include transitioning from deducting foreign income taxes to claiming them as credits and adjustments to tax accruals.
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For the first nine months of 2005, we reported income before taxes of $16.5 million and recorded an income tax benefit of $15.8 million. An annual effective tax rate of 16.9% was used to record an income tax provision for the first nine months of 2005. In addition, we recorded an income tax benefit of $18.6 million related to certain significant discrete tax items during the first nine months of 2005 that were not considered in the estimate of the annual effective tax rate. Such items included a partial reduction of $18.1 million in the valuation allowance related to certain deferred tax assets in the U.S. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” in the third quarter of 2005, we concluded it was more likely than not that a majority of our U.S. deferred tax assets would be recoverable and, as a result, reversed $24.6 million of the valuation allowance related to our U.S. deferred tax assets. Of this amount, $18.1 million was recognized as income and $6.5 million was credited to additional paid in capital as it related to the income tax benefit associated with stock-based compensation that had not been previously recorded.
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, excluding discrete items, was significantly lower than the statutory rate because the valuation allowance was reduced throughout the year as tax deductions related to deferred tax assets were used to reduce current taxable income, resulting in zero federal and state income tax provisions for the prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General. We continually evaluate our liquidity requirements, capital needs and availability of capital resources based on our operating needs. We believe that our existing cash balances and short-term investments together with the funds expected to be generated from operations and funds available under our committed revolving credit facility will be sufficient to finance our operations for the foreseeable future, as well as to finance the cash payments associated with our restructuring charges and stock repurchase program. Our ability to undertake acquisitions may depend, in part, on access to additional funds.
We historically have paid a portion of our bonuses in December and the remainder in March. For the 2006 bonus year and going forward, we expect to pay the majority of bonuses in the first quarter following the year in which they were earned. Employee bonuses are accrued throughout the year and are based on our performance and the performance of the individual employee.
We do not have material off-balance sheet arrangements, special purpose entities, trading activities of non-exchange traded contracts or transactions with related parties. In the ordinary course of business, we have at times performed executive search services for certain related parties that are considered immaterial in nature and amount and have been consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arms-length transactions.
Lines of credit. In December 2003, we entered into a $60.0 million, three year, committed unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Facility”). Under the Facility, we may borrow U.S. dollars, euros, sterling and other major traded currencies, as agreed by the banks. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at the existing Alternate Base Rate plus a margin or LIBOR plus a margin as determined by our compliance with certain tests of financial condition. The Facility sets limits on our ability to make acquisitions above a designated amount without bank approval and to incur additional debt outside of the Facility. We pay a facility fee even if no portion of the Facility is used. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Facility at either September 30, 2006 or December 31, 2005. At September 30, 2006, we were in compliance with the financial covenants of the Facility.
This facility was terminated by us in October 2006 and it was replaced with a $100 million committed unsecured revolving facility (the “New Facility”). Under the New Facility, we may borrow U.S. dollars, euros, or other major traded currencies, as agreed by the banks. Borrowings under the Facility bear interest at the existing Alternate Base Rate or LIBOR plus a margin as determined by our compliance with certain tests of financial condition. The New Facility sets limits on our ability to incur additional debt outside of the Facility. The New Facility generally has more favorable terms, including increased flexibility with regard to potential acquisitions, and lower costs than the terminated facility. A facility fee is charged even if no portion of the New Facility is used. The New Facility expires in October 2011.
Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were $197.4 million and $193.9 million at September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The amount of cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2005 was $203.7 million. In October 2006, we paid $36.6 million to Hudson Highland Group to acquire substantially all of the assets of Highland Partners.
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Cash flows from operating activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, cash provided by operating activities was $39.4 million, principally reflecting our net income plus an increase in bonus related accruals and other non-cash charges, offset by cash outlays for previously accrued restructuring charges and an increase in trade receivables related to higher third quarter revenues and typical seasonal collection trends.
As a result of the new compensation policy adopted in the second quarter of 2005, a portion of consultant and management bonuses paid in March 2006 was settled in the form of restricted stock units and not in cash. The March 2006 bonus payments of approximately $46 million would have resulted in greater cash outlays of approximately $9 million had they been paid entirely in cash.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2005, cash provided by operating activities was $14.0 million, principally reflecting our net income and an increase in bonus-related accruals partially offset by cash outlays for previously accrued restructuring charges and income taxes and an increase in trade receivables related to typical seasonal collection trends.
Cash flows from investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $63.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 primarily as a result of the net purchases of short-term investments.
Cash provided by investing activities was $43.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, primarily as a result of the net proceeds from the sale of short-term investments, partially offset by payments to consultants related to sales of equity securities. During the second quarter of 2005, we paid $17.6 million of deferred compensation to Thomas J. Friel, representing his share of the net proceeds from the September 2004 monetization of our Google warrants. At the date of the payment, Mr. Friel was Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. Friel’s share of the net proceeds is related to his work as an executive search consultant in 2001, prior to the time he was appointed our Chief Executive Officer.
Capital expenditures were $3.6 million and $4.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Cash flows from financing activities. Cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was $42.9 million, as a result of the repurchase of $49 million of our common stock offset by proceeds from stock options exercised during the period. Cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 also includes $2.3 million of tax benefits associated with the exercise or vesting of equity awards.
Cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was $19.4 million as a result of the repurchase of $27 million of our common stock offset by proceeds from stock options exercised during the period.
On October 22, 2004, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of our common stock with an aggregate total amount up to $30 million. Also at that date, the previous authorization to purchase up to $20 million through May 21, 2005 was cancelled. We purchased 1,115,375 shares of our common stock for $30 million under the October 2004 authorization, which was completed during the second quarter of 2005.
On September 16, 2005, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of our common stock with an aggregate total amount up to $50 million. We purchased 1,476,809 shares of our common stock for $50 million under the September 2005 authorization, which was completed during the second quarter of 2006.
On May 24, 2006, our Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of our common stock with an aggregate total amount up to $50 million. We intend, from time to time and as business conditions warrant, to purchase shares of our common stock on the open market or in negotiated or block trades. No time limit has been set for completion of this program. We purchased 271,889 shares of our common stock for $9.1 million under the May 2006 authorization. As of September 30, 2006, $40.9 million remains authorized under the current program. We were prohibited from repurchasing any of our common stock during the third quarter due to the discussions with Hudson Highland Group to acquire Highland Partners.
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Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is based upon our Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2,Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2006 and in Note 3,Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. If actual amounts are ultimately different from previous estimates, the revisions are included in our results of operations for the period in which the actual amounts become known.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made, and if different estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur periodically, could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes its critical accounting policies that reflect its significant estimates and assumptions relate to revenue recognition, variable compensation, accruals for the consolidation and closing of offices recorded as part of our restructuring charges, valuation of income taxes, goodwill and other intangible assets and the allowance for doubtful accounts. SeeApplication of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in Item 7,Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 10, 2006.
Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” FIN No. 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN No. 48 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2006. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of FIN No. 48 will have on the financial condition and results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 is effective for annual periods beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 157 will have on our financial condition and results of operations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”, an amendment to FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132 (R). This Statement requires a company to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its financial statements, and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 is effective for annual periods ending after December 15, 2006. We are currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 158 will have on our financial condition and results of operations.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Derivative instruments.We receive warrants for equity securities in our client companies, in addition to our cash fee, for services rendered on some searches. Some of the warrants meet the definition of a derivative instrument under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and its subsequent amendments. SFAS No. 133 establishes accounting and reporting standards requiring that every derivative instrument be recorded in the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. These derivative instruments are initially recorded at their fair value using a Black-Scholes model, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with a corresponding amount recorded as net revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Bonus expense related to this net revenue is also recorded. Subsequent changes in the fair value of these derivative instruments are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as unrealized gains (losses), net of the consultants’ share of the gains (losses). Upon a value event such as an initial public offering or an acquisition, the warrants are monetized, resulting in a realized gain, net of the consultants’ share of the gain and other costs.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we recognized $0.6 million of realized gains and $0.2 million of unrealized losses, net of the consultants’ share of the gains (losses) and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, we recognized $0.9 million of realized gains and $0.7 million of unrealized losses, net of the consultants’ share of the gains (losses) and other costs, related to our equity and warrant portfolio.
Currency market risk. With our operations in the Americas, Europe and Asia Pacific, we conduct business using various currencies. Revenue earned in each country is generally matched with the associated expenses incurred, thereby reducing currency risk to earnings. However, because certain assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, changes in currency rates may cause fluctuations in the valuation of such assets and liabilities. As the local currencies of our subsidiaries have been designated as the functional currencies, we are affected by the translation of foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars. Outside the Americas, Europe is our largest region in terms of net revenue. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, a 1% change in the average exchange rate of the British pound and the euro would have increased or decreased our net income by approximately $0.3 million. For financial information by geographic segment, see Note 11,Segment Information, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required.
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(b) Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
We have contingent liabilities from various pending claims and litigation matters arising in the course of our business, some of which involve claims for damages that are substantial in amount. Some of these matters are covered by insurance. Although our ultimate liability in these matters cannot be determined, based upon information currently available, we believe the ultimate resolution of such claims and litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
In December 2002, Mt. Sinai Medical Center of Miami filed suit against us regarding a search for a chief executive officer we performed in 1998. The suit sought damages, including between $59 million and $75 million, based primarily upon the operating loss incurred by Mt. Sinai in 2001, the chief executive officer’s last year at the hospital. On June 30, 2004, the judge presiding over this case in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida granted summary judgment in favor of the Company, dismissing all the claims made by Mt. Sinai. Mt. Sinai then filed an appeal with respect to this decision. On July 12, 2006, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit Court affirmed the decision of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida to dismiss all claims made against us. On July 31, 2006, Mt. Sinai filed a petition for re-hearing with the 11th Circuit Court, which petition was denied on August 16, 2006. This denial represents a final disposition of Mt. Sinai’s appeal. Subsequently, on October 2, 2006, the parties entered into a release agreement, pursuant to which Mt. Sinai agreed to forgo any action whatsoever to continue the litigation against us.
Contingencies
During the fourth quarter of 2005, a European country commenced a tax audit that is ongoing for the years 2001 through 2004, including an examination of the Company’s arrangements with certain professional service companies that provided consulting services to the Company. On October 19, 2006, the examining tax authority furnished the Company a draft of its audit report for review and comment. This draft report contained a preliminary assessment in the amount of $5.4 million. The Company expects that the examining tax authority will provide a definitive report in the near future. The Company is currently evaluating the premises and conclusions of the audit report and on the basis of that evaluation would expect to appeal the assessment set forth in the definitive audit report when delivered. As a result, the Company believes the potential amount of any final assessment cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The Company also believes that the amount of a final assessment, if any, would not be material to the Company’s financial condition.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
On September 16, 2005, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock with an aggregate total amount up to $50 million. The Company purchased 1,476,809 shares of its common stock for $50 million under the September 2005 authorization, which was completed during the second quarter of 2006.
On May 24, 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under an open market share repurchase authorization with an aggregate purchase price up to $50 million. The Company was limited from repurchasing any of its common stock during the third quarter due to the discussions with Hudson Highland Group to acquire Highland Partners. We purchased 271,889 shares of our common stock for $9.1 million under the May 2006 authorization. As of September 30, 2006, $40.9 million remains authorized under the current program.
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Exhibit No. | Description | |
*31.1 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
*31.2 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
*32.1 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
*32.2 | Certification of the Company’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |
* | Filed herewith. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 6, 2006
Heidrick & Struggles International, Inc. | ||
(Registrant) | ||
By: | /s/ Eileen A. Kamerick | |
Eileen A. Kamerick | ||
Chief Financial Officer |
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