There were 370 Executive Search consultants at March 31, 2019 compared to 349 at March 31, 2018 and 353 at December 31, 2018. Productivity, as measured by annualized Executive Search net revenue per consultant, was $1.7 million compared to $1.6 million in the 2018 first quarter. The number of confirmed searches increased 1.4% compared to the 2018 first quarter, and the average revenue per executive search increased to $123,700 compared to $115,600 in the 2018 first quarter.
Heidrick Consulting net revenue decreased 6.7%, or $1.0 million, to $13.3 million from $14.2 million in the 2018 first quarter. Excluding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations which negatively impacted results by $0.3 million, or 2.3%, Consulting net revenue declined 4.5% or $0.6 million. The decline in revenue is primarily related to the completion of several large projects in Europe. There were 67 Heidrick Consulting consultants at March 31, 2019 compared to 68 at March 31, 2018 and 66 at December 31, 2018.
Consolidated salaries and employee benefits expense increased 8.4%, or $9.4 million,to $120.8 million from $111.4 million in the 2018 first quarter. Fixed compensation expense increased $4.5 million, largely reflecting higher costs for talent acquisition and retention of consultants. Variable compensation expense rose $4.9 million, primarily reflecting higher bonus accruals for Executive Search consultant performance. Salaries and employee benefits expense was 70.4% of net revenue for the quarter compared to 69.6% in the 2018 first quarter.
General and administrative expenses declined 3.3%, or $1.2 million, to $34.4 million from$35.5 million in the 2018 first quarter. Savings were achieved in several expense categories, but the largest year-over-year improvement was a reduction in professional services fees. As a percentage of net revenue, general and administrative expenses were 20.0% compared to 22.2% in the 2018 first quarter.
Operating income grew 24.9%, or $3.3 million, to $16.4 million from $13.1 million in the 2018 first quarter, and the operating margin improved to 9.6% from 8.2%. Adjusted EBITDA in the 2019 first quarter increased 11.8%, or $2.2 million, to $20.6 million from $18.4 million in the 2018 first quarter. The Adjusted EBITDA marginwas 12.0% compared to 11.5% in the 2018 first quarter. The improvements in operating income and Adjusted EBITDA were primarily driven revenue growth from Executive Search.
Net income increased to $12.1 million and diluted earnings per share was $0.62 with an effective tax rate of 35.9% in the quarter. This compares favorably to net income of $10.2 million and diluted earnings per share of $0.53 with an effective tax rate of 21.3% in last year’s first quarter, which reflected the benefit of severalone-time items. The full-year projected tax rate is in themid- 30% range excluding anyone-time items.
Primarily reflecting annual bonus payments, net cash used by operating activities was $155.3 million in the 2019 first quarter, compared to $137.5 million in the 2018 first quarter. Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2019 were $114.4 million, compared to $279.9 million at December 31, 2018, and $73.4 million ($61.4 million net of debt) at March 31, 2018. The company’s cash position typically builds throughout the year as bonuses are accrued, mostly to be paid out in the first quarter.
Page 2