Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Consolidation and Basis of Presentation: Park-Ohio Industries, Inc. (“ParkOhio,” “we” or the “Company”) is a diversified international company providing world-class customers with a supply chain management outsourcing service, capital equipment used on their production lines, and manufactured components used to assemble their products. The Company operates through three reportable segments: Supply Technologies, Assembly Components and Engineered Products. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not have off-balance sheet arrangements or financings with unconsolidated entities or other persons. The Company leases certain real properties owned by related parties as described in Note 10. Transactions with related parties are not material to the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Accounting Estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents: The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts: Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value. Accounts receivable are reduced by an allowance for amounts that may become uncollectable in the future. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $4.5 million and $4.0 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectfully. The Company’s policy is to identify and reserve for specific collectability concerns based on customers’ financial condition and payment history, as well as a general reserve based on historical trends and other information. During 2017 and 2016 , we sold approximately $80.0 million and $81.6 million , respectively, of accounts receivable to mitigate accounts receivable concentration risk and to provide additional financing capacity. In compliance with ASC 860, “Transfers and Servicing”, sales of accounts receivable are reflected as a reduction of accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the proceeds are included in cash flows from operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. In 2017 and 2016 , an expense in the amount of $0.6 million and $0.5 million , respectively, related to the discount on sale of accounts receivable is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Inventories: Inventories are stated at the lower of first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) cost or net realizable value. Major Classes of Inventories December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016 (In millions) Finished goods $ 171.3 $ 131.4 Work in process 43.9 43.4 Raw materials and supplies 67.6 65.8 Inventories, net $ 282.8 $ 240.6 Other inventory items Inventory reserves $ (29.8 ) $ (30.2 ) Consigned Inventory $ 9.8 $ 12.2 Property, Plant and Equipment: Property, plant and equipment is carried at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized and expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred. Depreciation and amortization of fixed assets, including capital leases, is computed principally by the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from five to 40 years for buildings, and one to 20 years for machinery and equipment (with the majority in the range of three to ten years). The following table summarizes property, plant and equipment: December 31, December 31, (In millions) Property, plant and equipment: Land and land improvements $ 11.5 $ 11.3 Buildings 76.1 77.0 Machinery and equipment 348.6 316.1 Leased property under capital leases 24.1 20.4 Total property, plant and equipment 460.3 424.8 Less accumulated depreciation 280.8 255.2 Property, plant and equipment, net $ 179.5 $ 169.6 Information regarding depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment follows: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Depreciation expense $ 24.9 $ 23.5 $ 21.5 Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Assets: In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350, “ Intangibles — Goodwill and Other ” (“ASC 350”), goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are not amortized, but rather are tested annually for impairment as of October 1, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate there may be an indicator of impairment in accordance with ASC 350 . Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level and is based on the net assets for each reporting unit, including goodwill and intangible assets, compared to the fair value. Our reporting units have been identified at the component level. The Company completed its annual goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles impairment testing as of October 1 of each year, noting no impairment. The Company uses an income approach, utilizing a discounted cash flow model based on forecasted cash flows and weighted average cost of capital, and other valuation techniques to determine fair value. See Notes 4 and 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles. Impairment of Other Long-Lived Assets: Other long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Upon indications of impairment, assets and liabilities are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. The asset group would be considered impaired when the estimated future net undiscounted cash flows generated by the asset group are less than its carrying value. Fair Values of Financial Instruments: Certain financial instruments are required to be recorded at fair value. The Company measures financial assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels of inputs. The three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies, is: Level 1 — Valuations based on quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets. Level 2 — Valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 — Valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants. These valuations require significant judgment. Changes in assumptions or estimation methods could affect the fair value estimates; however, we do not believe any such changes would have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and borrowings under the Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 6) approximate fair value at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair values of long-term debt and pension plan assets are disclosed in Note 6 and Note 11, respectively. The Company has not changed its valuation techniques for measuring fair value during 2017 , and there were no transfers between levels during the periods presented. Income Taxes: The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and the tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the current enacted tax rates. In determining these amounts, management determined the probability of realizing deferred tax assets, taking into consideration factors including historical operating results, cumulative earnings and losses, expectations of future earnings, taxable income and the extended period of time over which the postretirement benefits will be paid and accordingly records valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will not be realized as required by ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Share-Based Compensation: The Company follows the provisions of ASC 718, “Compensation — Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”), which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their grant date fair values. Compensation expense for awards with service conditions only that are subject to graded vesting is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the vesting period. Compensation expense of performance-based awards is recognized as an expense over the vesting periods of the awards using the accelerated attribution method once performance is deemed probable. Park-Ohio Holdings Corp. (“Holdings”) grants share-based compensation awards to Industries' employees. In accordance with ASC 718, such costs are allocated to Industries. Under the provisions of Holdings’ 2015 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (“2015 Plan”), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of Holdings' Board of Directors, incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), restricted share units, performance shares or stock awards may be awarded to directors and all employees of the Company and its subsidiaries. The 2015 Plan replaces in its entirety the 1998 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (“1998 Plan”), but shares that remained available under the 1998 Plan were added to the aggregate share limit under that 2015 Plan. Stock options will be exercisable in whole or in installments as may be determined provided that no options will be exercisable more than ten years from date of grant. The exercise price will be the fair value at the date of grant. The aggregate number of shares of Holdings' common stock that may be awarded under the 2015 Plan is 98,586 . Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue, other than from long-term contracts, when title is transferred to the customer, typically upon shipment. Revenue from long-term contracts is accounted for under the percentage of completion method, and recognized on the basis of the percentage each contract’s cost to date bears to the total estimated contract cost. We follow this method since reasonably reliable estimates of revenue and costs of a contract can be made. Revenue earned on contracts in process that are in excess of billings is classified as unbilled contract revenues in Other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $40.1 million and $35.6 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Billings in excess of revenues earned on contracts in process are classified in Other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet and totaled $23.0 million and $22.7 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Cost of Sales : Cost of sales is primarily comprised of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacture of product; manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and direct overhead expense; and shipping and handling costs. Concentration of Credit Risk: The Company sells its products to customers in diversified industries. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition but does not require collateral to support customer receivables. The Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical trends and other information. As of December 31, 2017 , the Company had uncollateralized receivables with six customers in the automotive industry, each with several locations, aggregating $ 42.7 million , which represented approximately 18% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable. During 2017 , sales to these customers amounted to approximately $ 291.3 million , which represented approximately 21% of the Company’s net sales. Environmental: The Company expenses environmental costs related to existing conditions resulting from past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernible. Costs that extend the life of the related property or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination are capitalized. The Company records a liability when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The estimated liability of the Company is not reduced for possible recoveries from insurance carriers and is undiscounted. Foreign Currency Translation: The functional currency for a majority of subsidiaries outside the United States is the local currency. Financial statements for these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and weighted-average exchange rates for revenues and expenses. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholder's equity. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translations, including intercompany transactions that are not considered permanent investments, are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Warranties: The Company estimates the amount of warranty claims on sold products that may be incurred based on current and historical data. The actual warranty expense could differ from the estimates made by the Company based on product performance. The following table presents the changes in the Company’s product warranty liability: Year Ended December 31, 2017 2016 2015 (In millions) Balance at January 1, $ 7.1 $ 6.1 $ 6.9 Claims paid during the year (4.0 ) (3.7 ) (4.7 ) Warranty expense 4.7 2.0 4.0 Acquired warranty liabilities 0.1 2.8 — Other — (0.1 ) (0.1 ) Balance at December 31, $ 7.9 $ 7.1 $ 6.1 Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-09, “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.” The ASU simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification of related amounts within the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2017. ASU 2016-09 requires prospective recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies resulting from share-based compensation awards vesting and exercises be recognized as a discrete income tax adjustment in the income statement. Previously, these amounts were recognized in Additional paid-in capital. In 2017, the Company recognized income tax expense of $0.2 million for excess tax deficiencies upon vesting of awards. In addition, ASU 2016-09 requires excess tax benefits and shortfalls to be prospectively excluded from the assumed future proceeds in the calculation of diluted shares. ASU 2016-09 also requires that excess tax benefits from share-based compensation awards be reported as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Previously, this activity was included in financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company has elected to apply this change on a prospective basis. This change has an immaterial impact on our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Also, we elected to continue to estimate forfeitures rather than account for them as they occur. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill impairment." The amendments in the ASU simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance for its October 1, 2017 impairment test. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, a comprehensive new revenue recognition standard that will supersede existing guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of the new standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Our implementation efforts included the identification of revenue within the scope of the standard, the evaluation of revenue contracts under the guidance, and assessing the impacts of the new standard on our financial statements. The new standard is effective for the Company for the first quarter of 2018, and we will utilize the modified retrospective method of adoption. This method allows companies to record a one-time adjustment to beginning retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 for the cumulative effect that the standard will have on open contracts at the date of adoption. During our implementation, we identified certain contracts which will require over time recognition under the new standard, either as goods are manufactured or services are performed, rather than at the time of shipment or completion as we do under existing guidance. Upon adoption, we expect to accelerate approximately $13 million to $17 million of revenue, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment of approximately $2 million to $4 million to our 2018 beginning retained earnings. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, "Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." The amendments in this update address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. The Board also is addressing measurement of credit losses on financial assets in a separate project. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted. The new guidance will be applied prospectively and is expected to have an immaterial impact on the financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The amendment establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. The new standard: (a) clarifies the definition of a lease; (b) requires a dual approach to lease classification similar to current lease classifications; and (c) causes lessees to recognize leases on the balance sheet as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use asset for leases with a lease-term of more than twelve months. This ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The new standard requires a modified retrospective transition for capital or operating leases existing at or entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, but it does not require transition accounting for leases that expire prior to the date of initial application. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715), Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” The ASU requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The Company will adopt this standard on the required date of January 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance. No other recently issued ASUs are expected to have a material impact on our results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. |