Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses | 5. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The loan portfolio consists of various types of loans and is categorized by major type as follows: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Residential mortgage loans held for sale $ 65,035 $ 80,959 Commercial and industrial 3,218,763 3,205,595 Real estate: Construction, land development and other land loans 2,051,021 2,064,167 1-4 family residential (includes home equity) 4,444,106 4,306,452 Commercial real estate (includes multi-family residential) 6,576,213 6,556,285 Farmland 467,372 495,558 Agriculture 167,923 185,297 Consumer and other 423,000 398,271 Total loans held for investment, excluding Warehouse Purchase Program 17,348,398 17,211,625 Warehouse Purchase Program 1,713,762 1,552,762 Total loans, including Warehouse Purchase Program $ 19,127,195 $ 18,845,346 Concentrations of Credit. Most of the Company’s lending activity occurs within the states of Texas and Oklahoma. Commercial real estate loans, 1-4 family residential loans and construction, land development and other land loans make up 68.3% of the Company’s total loan portfolio at March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no concentrations of loans related to any single industry in excess of 10% Related Party Loans. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, loans outstanding to directors, officers and their affiliates totaled $4.1 million and $4.2 million, respectively. All transactions between the Company and such related parties are conducted in the ordinary course of business and made on the same terms and conditions as similar transactions with unaffiliated persons. An analysis of activity with respect to these related party loans is as follows: As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 As of and for the year ended December (Dollars in thousands) Beginning balance on January 1 $ 4,152 $ 1,923 New loans — 1 Transfers — 2,500 Repayments (79 ) (272 ) Ending balance $ 4,073 $ 4,152 Nonperforming Assets and Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans. The Company has several procedures in place to assist it in maintaining the overall quality of its loan portfolio. The Company has established underwriting guidelines to be followed by its officers, including requiring appraisals on loans collateralized by real estate. The Company also monitors its delinquency levels for any negative or adverse trends. Nevertheless, the Company’s loan portfolio could become subject to increasing pressures from deteriorating borrower credit due to general economic conditions. The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status and ceases accruing interest when the payment of principal or interest is delinquent for 90 days, or earlier in some cases, unless the loan is in the process of collection and the underlying collateral fully supports the carrying value of the loan. With respect to potential problem loans, an evaluation of the borrower’s overall financial condition is made to determine the need, if any, for possible writedowns or appropriate additions to the allowance for credit losses. An aging analysis of past due loans, segregated by category of loan, is presented below: March 31, 2020 Loans Past Due and Still Accruing 30-89 Days 90 or More Days Total Past Due Loans Nonaccrual Loans Current Loans Total Loans (Dollars in thousands) Construction, land development and other land loans $ 70,850 $ — $ 70,850 $ 1,125 $ 1,979,046 $ 2,051,021 Warehouse Purchase Program loans — — — — 1,713,762 1,713,762 Agriculture and agriculture real estate (includes farmland) 3,017 868 3,885 28 631,382 635,295 1-4 family (includes home equity) (1) 39,525 2,213 41,738 26,632 4,440,771 4,509,141 Commercial real estate (includes multi-family residential) 15,284 169 15,453 14,685 6,546,075 6,576,213 Commercial and industrial 7,653 2 7,655 15,720 3,195,388 3,218,763 Consumer and other 11,059 3 11,062 4 411,934 423,000 Total $ 147,388 $ 3,255 $ 150,643 $ 58,194 $ 18,918,358 $ 19,127,195 December 31, 2019 Loans Past Due and Still Accruing 30-89 Days 90 or More Days Total Past Due Loans Nonaccrual Loans Current Loans Total Loans (Dollars in thousands) Construction, land development and other land loans $ 16,470 $ — $ 16,470 $ 1,142 $ 2,046,555 $ 2,064,167 Warehouse Purchase Program loans — — — — 1,552,762 1,552,762 Agriculture and agriculture real estate (includes farmland) 466 — 466 103 680,286 680,855 1-4 family (includes home equity) (1) 43,884 441 44,325 24,413 4,318,673 4,387,411 Commercial real estate (includes multi-family residential) 10,669 — 10,669 12,714 6,532,902 6,556,285 Commercial and industrial 7,249 — 7,249 16,809 3,181,537 3,205,595 Consumer and other 1,708 — 1,708 62 396,501 398,271 Total $ 80,446 $ 441 $ 80,887 $ 55,243 $ 18,709,216 $ 18,845,346 (1) Includes $65.0 million and $81.0 million of residential mortgage loans held for sale at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The following table presents information regarding nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated: March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Nonaccrual loans (1) (2) $ 58,194 $ 55,243 Accruing loans 90 or more days past due 3,255 441 Total nonperforming loans 61,449 55,684 Repossessed assets 278 323 Other real estate 5,452 6,936 Total nonperforming assets $ 67,179 $ 62,943 Nonperforming assets to total loans and other real estate 0.35 % 0.33 % Nonperforming assets to total loans, excluding Warehouse Purchase Program loans, and other real estate 0.39 % 0.36 % (1) Includes troubled debt restructurings of $13.0 million and $13.6 million as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. (2) There were no nonperforming or troubled debt restructurings of warehouse lines of credit or Warehouse Purchase Program loans for the periods presented. The Company had $67.2 million in nonperforming assets at March 31, 2020 compared with $62.9 million at December 31, 2019. Nonperforming assets were 0.35% of total loans and other real estate at March 31, 2020 compared with 0.33% of total loans and other real estate at December 31, 2019. If interest on nonaccrual loans had been accrued under the original loan terms, approximately $869 thousand and $602 thousand would have been recorded as income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company had $58.2 million in nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2020 compared with $37.5 million at March 31, 2019. Acquired Loans. Acquired loans were preliminarily recorded at fair value based on a discounted cash flow valuation methodology that considers, among other things, interest rates, projected default rates, loss given default, and recovery rates. During the valuation process, the Company identified purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) and Non-PCD loans in the acquired loan portfolios. Loans acquired with evidence of credit quality deterioration at acquisition for which it was probable that the Company would not be able to collect all contractual amounts due were accounted for as PCD. PCD loan identification considers the following factors: payment history and past due status, debt service coverage, loan grading, collateral values and other factors that may indicate deterioration of credit quality since origination. Non-PCD loan identification considers the following factors: account types, remaining terms, annual interest rates or coupons, current market rates, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, loan to value ratios, loss exposures and remaining balances. Accretion of purchased yield discounts on PCD loans will be based on future cash flows, taking into account contractual maturities. Accretion of purchased discounts on Non-PCD loans will be recognized on a level-yield basis based on contractual maturity of individual loans. PCD Loans. The recorded investment in PCD loans included in the consolidated balance sheet and the related outstanding balance as of the dates indicated are presented in the table below. The outstanding balance represents the total amount owed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 . March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) PCD loans: Outstanding balance $ 355,160 $ 410,785 Discount (1) (29,460 ) (167,320 ) (2) Recorded investment $ 325,700 $ 243,465 (1) ASU 2016-13 became effective for the Company on January 1, 2020. (2) Includes $131.8 million in PCD loans credit discount. Changes in the accretable yield for acquired PCD loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 35,654 $ 1,534 Adjustments (175 ) 19 Accretion (6,019 ) (319 ) Balance at March 31, $ 29,460 $ 1,234 Income recognition on PCD loans is subject to the timing and amount of future cash flows. PCD loans for which the Company is accruing interest income are not considered non-performing or impaired. The adoption of ASU 2016-13, “ Financial Instruments-Credit-Losses (ASC Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments Non-PCD Loans. The recorded investment in Non-PCD loans included in the consolidated balance sheet and the related outstanding balance as of the dates indicated are presented in the table below. The outstanding balance represents the total amount owed as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. March 31, 2020 December 31, 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Non-PCD loans: Outstanding balance $ 5,744,368 $ 6,102,540 Discount (87,613 ) (110,130 ) Recorded investment $ 5,656,755 $ 5,992,410 Changes in the discount accretion for Non-PCD loans for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 (Dollars in thousands) Balance at beginning of period $ 110,130 $ 14,833 Accretion charge-offs (54 ) — Accretion (22,463 ) (1,474 ) Balance at March 31, $ 87,613 $ 13,359 Credit Quality Indicators. As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio and methodology for calculating the allowance for credit losses, management assigns and tracks loan grades to be used as credit quality indicators. The following is a general description of the loan grades used: Grade 1— Credits in this category have risk potential that is virtually nonexistent. These loans may be secured by insured certificates of deposit, insured savings accounts, U.S. Government securities and highly rated municipal bonds. Grade 2— Credits in this category are of the highest quality. These borrowers represent top rated companies and individuals with unquestionable financial standing with excellent global cash flow coverage, net worth, liquidity and collateral coverage. Grade 3— Credits in this category are not immune from risk but are well protected by the collateral and paying capacity of the borrower. These loans may exhibit a minor unfavorable credit factor, but the overall credit is sufficiently strong to minimize the possibility of loss. Grade 4— Credits in this category are considered to be of acceptable credit quality with moderately greater risk than Grade 3 and receiving closer monitoring. Loans in this category have sources of repayment that remain sufficient to preclude a larger than normal probability of default and secondary sources are likewise currently of sufficient quantity, quality, and liquidity to protect the Company against loss of principal and interest. These borrowers have specific risk factors, but the overall strength of the credit is acceptable based on other mitigating credit and/or collateral factors and can repay the debt in the normal course of business. Grade 5— Credits in this category constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk; however, the factors do not rise to a level of substandard. These credits have potential weaknesses and/or declining trends that, if not corrected, could expose the Company to risk at a future date. These loans are monitored on the Company’s internally-generated watch list and evaluated on a quarterly basis. Grade 6— Credits in this category are considered “substandard” but “non-impaired” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines. Loans in this category have well-defined weakness that, if not corrected, could make default of principal and interest possible. Loans in this category are still accruing interest and may be dependent upon secondary sources of repayment and/or collateral liquidation. Grade 7— Credits in this category are deemed “substandard” and “impaired” pursuant to regulatory guidelines. As such, the Company has determined that it is probable that less than 100% of the contractual principal and interest will be collected. These loans are individually evaluated for a specific reserve and will typically have the accrual of interest stopped. Grade 8— Credits in this category include “doubtful” loans in accordance with regulatory guidance. Such loans are no longer accruing interest and factors indicate a loss is imminent. These loans are also deemed “impaired.” While a specific reserve may be in place while the loan and collateral is being evaluated, these loans are typically charged down to an amount the Company estimates is collectible. Grade 9— Credits in this category are deemed a “loss” in accordance with regulatory guidelines and have been charged off or charged down. The Company may continue collection efforts and may have partial recovery in the future. The following table presents loans by risk grade and category of loan at March 31, 2020. Impaired loans include loans in risk grades 7, 8 and 9, as well as any PCD loan that has deteriorated since the acquisition date. Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total (Dollars in thousands) Construction, Land Development and Other Land Loans Grade 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 29 $ — $ — $ 29 Grade 2 — 1,119 — 90 135 362 — — 1,706 Grade 3 215,615 818,291 437,168 125,916 28,173 64,486 132,231 624 1,822,504 Grade 4 3,829 28,601 31,715 122,176 3,763 9,340 12,566 — 211,990 Grade 5 — — 2,564 — — 363 — — 2,927 Grade 6 — — — — 602 1,688 — — 2,290 Grade 7 — — — — — 390 734 — 1,124 Grade 8 — — — — — — — — — Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans — 7,875 129 447 — — — — 8,451 Total $ 219,444 $ 855,886 $ 471,576 $ 248,629 $ 32,673 $ 76,658 $ 145,531 $ 624 $ 2,051,021 Agriculture and Agriculture Real Estate (includes Farmland) Grade 1 $ 167 $ 2,099 $ 298 $ 258 $ — $ 1 $ 9,019 $ — $ 11,842 Grade 2 — — 13 358 8 1,756 — — 2,135 Grade 3 26,553 100,074 78,662 62,508 59,832 126,263 82,030 4 535,926 Grade 4 5,561 10,223 4,704 2,555 6,860 23,985 17,707 1,158 72,753 Grade 5 637 4,190 329 — — 990 2,929 — 9,075 Grade 6 1,331 — — — 186 188 — — 1,705 Grade 7 — — 28 — — — — — 28 Grade 8 — — — — — — — — — Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans 978 223 — — — 312 318 — 1,831 Total $ 35,227 $ 116,809 $ 84,034 $ 65,679 $ 66,886 $ 153,495 $ 112,003 $ 1,162 $ 635,295 1-4 Family (includes Home Equity) (1) Grade 1 $ 100 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 204 $ — $ 304 Grade 2 292 775 1,018 895 265 9,918 1,136 — 14,299 Grade 3 255,393 1,011,615 715,736 589,506 556,826 1,097,425 146,389 1,470 4,374,360 Grade 4 724 14,698 7,402 12,131 10,200 33,866 1,636 521 81,178 Grade 5 — 224 2,052 1,282 111 2,112 — — 5,781 Grade 6 — 29 — 333 138 1,948 24 — 2,472 Grade 7 — 1,787 1,173 2,501 1,159 13,834 3,509 — 23,963 Grade 8 — — — — 10 93 — — 103 Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans — — — — 264 5,366 1,051 — 6,681 Total $ 256,509 $ 1,029,128 $ 727,381 $ 606,648 $ 568,973 $ 1,164,562 $ 153,949 $ 1,991 $ 4,509,141 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total (Dollars in thousands) Commercial Real Estate (includes Multi-Family Residential) Grade 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,385 $ — $ — $ 1,385 Grade 2 5,862 935 — 7,948 209 4,986 — — 19,940 Grade 3 127,368 1,161,018 1,183,252 1,106,578 653,077 1,362,652 120,075 — 5,714,020 Grade 4 9,140 34,890 67,523 129,964 164,600 246,546 17,749 — 670,412 Grade 5 — — 2,259 12,909 4,251 14,463 — — 33,882 Grade 6 — 3,745 1,250 196 3,239 11,153 1,500 — 21,083 Grade 7 — 6 — 17 14,412 224 — — 14,659 Grade 8 — — — — — — — — — Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans 27,593 21,709 5,476 27,168 578 18,308 — — 100,832 Total $ 169,963 $ 1,222,303 $ 1,259,760 $ 1,284,780 $ 840,366 $ 1,659,717 $ 139,324 $ — $ 6,576,213 Commercial and Industrial Grade 1 $ 9,544 $ 19,031 $ 5,023 $ 1,221 $ 921 $ 46,114 $ 22,818 $ 35 $ 104,707 Grade 2 341 221 1,280 1,697 1,497 1,534 85,570 — 92,140 Grade 3 66,617 428,024 246,098 125,966 97,689 164,771 1,337,870 518 2,467,553 Grade 4 17,653 56,789 24,562 24,629 11,193 32,869 132,853 483 301,031 Grade 5 2,087 18,781 840 241 376 21 4,298 — 26,644 Grade 6 25 581 2,828 — 122 2,509 27,007 — 33,072 Grade 7 — 758 12,577 872 929 284 99 — 15,519 Grade 8 — — — — 13 — — — 13 Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans 996 22,175 9,685 11,769 3,750 1,140 128,569 — 178,084 Total $ 97,263 $ 546,360 $ 302,893 $ 166,395 $ 116,490 $ 249,242 $ 1,739,084 $ 1,036 $ 3,218,763 Consumer and Other Grade 1 $ 6,476 $ 20,300 $ 6,398 $ 3,273 $ 1,913 $ 1,192 $ 1,393 $ — $ 40,945 Grade 2 1,707 10,878 1,011 41,282 1,676 — 1,467 — 58,021 Grade 3 13,862 80,824 39,194 27,396 9,741 19,122 72,968 147 263,254 Grade 4 1,293 4,925 31 5 120 174 21,057 — 27,605 Grade 5 — — 72 18 — — 1,717 — 1,807 Grade 6 — 1,534 — — — — 1 — 1,535 Grade 7 — 1 7 — — 1 3 — 12 Grade 8 — — — — — — — — — Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans 4,385 8,947 — — — — 16,489 — 29,821 Total $ 27,723 $ 127,409 $ 46,713 $ 71,974 $ 13,450 $ 20,489 $ 115,095 $ 147 $ 423,000 Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total (Dollars in thousands) Warehouse Purchase Program Grade 1 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Grade 2 — — — — — — — — — Grade 3 1,713,762 — — — — — — — 1,713,762 Grade 4 — — — — — — — — — Grade 5 — — — — — — — — — Grade 6 — — — — — — — — — Grade 7 — — — — — — — — — Grade 8 — — — — — — — — — Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans — — — — — — — — — Total $ 1,713,762 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 1,713,762 Total Grade 1 $ 16,287 $ 41,430 $ 11,719 $ 4,752 $ 2,834 $ 48,721 $ 33,434 $ 35 $ 159,212 Grade 2 8,202 13,928 3,322 52,270 3,790 18,556 88,173 — 188,241 Grade 3 2,419,170 3,599,846 2,700,110 2,037,870 1,405,338 2,834,719 1,891,563 2,763 16,891,379 Grade 4 38,200 150,126 135,937 291,460 196,736 346,780 203,568 2,162 1,364,969 Grade 5 2,724 23,195 8,116 14,450 4,738 17,949 8,944 — 80,116 Grade 6 1,356 5,889 4,078 529 4,287 17,486 28,532 — 62,157 Grade 7 — 2,552 13,785 3,390 16,500 14,733 4,345 — 55,305 Grade 8 — — — — 23 93 — — 116 Grade 9 — — — — — — — — — PCD Loans 33,952 60,929 15,290 39,384 4,592 25,126 146,427 — 325,700 Total $ 2,519,891 $ 3,897,895 $ 2,892,357 $ 2,444,105 $ 1,638,838 $ 3,324,163 $ 2,404,986 $ 4,960 $ 19,127,195 (1) Includes $65.0 million of residential mortgage loans held for sale at March 31, 2020. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans. The allowance for credit losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for credit losses. Management has established an allowance for credit losses which it believes is adequate as of March 31, 2020 for estimated losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The amount of the allowance for credit losses is affected by the following: (1) charge-offs of loans that occur when loans are deemed uncollectible and decrease the allowance, (2) recoveries on loans previously charged off that increase the allowance and (3) provisions for credit losses charged to earnings that increase the allowance. Based on an evaluation of the loan portfolio and consideration of the factors listed below, management presents a quarterly review of the allowance for credit losses to the Bank’s Board of Directors, indicating any change in the allowance since the last review and any recommendations as to adjustments in the allowance. Although management believes it uses the best information available to make determinations with respect to the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions or the borrower’s performance differ from the assumptions used in making the initial determinations. The Company’s allowance for credit losses on loans consists of two components: (1) a specific valuation allowance based on probable losses on specifically identified loans and (2) a general valuation allowance based on historical loan loss experience, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. In setting the specific valuation allowance, the Company follows a loan review program to evaluate the credit risk in the total loan portfolio and assigns risk grades to each loan. Through this loan review process, the Company maintains an internal list of impaired loans, which along with the delinquency list of loans, helps management assess the overall quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. All loans that have been identified as impaired are reviewed on a quarterly basis in order to determine whether a specific reserve is required. For certain impaired loans, the Company allocates a specific loan loss reserve primarily based on the value of the collateral securing the impaired loan in accordance with ASC Topic 326-20, “ Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. In connection with this review of the loan portfolio, the Company considers risk elements attributable to particular loan types or categories in assessing the quality of individual loans. Some of the risk elements include: • for 1-4 family residential mortgage loans, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan, including a consideration of the debt to income ratio and employment and income stability, the loan to value ratio, and the age, condition and marketability of collateral; • for commercial real estate loans and multifamily residential loans, the debt service coverage ratio (income from the property in excess of operating expenses compared to loan payment requirements), operating results of the owner in the case of owner-occupied properties, the loan to value ratio, the age and condition of the collateral and the volatility of income, property value and future operating results typical of properties of that type; • for construction, land development and other land loans, the perceived feasibility of the project including the ability to sell developed lots or improvements constructed for resale or the ability to lease property constructed for lease, the quality and nature of contracts for presale or prelease, if any, experience and ability of the developer and loan to value ratio; • for commercial and industrial loans, the operating results of the commercial, industrial or professional enterprise, the borrower’s business, professional and financial ability and expertise, the specific risks and volatility of income and operating results typical for businesses in that category and the value, nature and marketability of collateral; • for the Warehouse Purchase Program, the capitalization and liquidity of the mortgage banking client, the operating experience, the client’s satisfactory underwriting of purchased loans and the consistent timeliness by client of loan resale to investors; • for agriculture real estate loans, the experience and financial capability of the borrower, projected debt service coverage of the operations of the borrower and loan to value ratio; and • for non-real estate agriculture loans, the operating results, experience and financial capability of the borrower, historical and expected market conditions and the value, nature and marketability of collateral. In addition, for each category, the Company considers secondary sources of income and the financial strength and credit history of the borrower and any guarantors. In determining the amount of the general valuation allowance, management considers factors such as historical lifetime loan loss experience, concentration risk of specific loan types, the volume, growth and composition of the Company’s loan portfolio, current economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasted economic conditions that may affect the borrower’s ability to pay and the value of collateral, the evaluation of the Company’s loan portfolio through its internal loan review process, general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company and other relevant factors in accordance with ASC Topic 326, “ Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” The following table details activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans by category of loan for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. Construction, Land Development and Other Land Loans Agriculture and Agriculture Real Estate (includes Farmland) 1-4 Family (includes Home Equity) Commercial Real Estate (includes Multi-Family Residential) Commercial and Industrial Consumer and Other Total (Dollars in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Three Months Ended Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASC 326 $ 14,654 $ 2,971 $ 15,277 $ 12,332 $ 40,445 $ 1,790 $ 87,469 Impact of adoption ASC 326 14,075 2,797 8,267 48,990 139,624 26,785 240,538 Provision for credit losses — — — — — — — Charge-offs — (31 ) (29 ) — (611 ) (1,316 ) (1,987 ) Recoveries 12 32 24 81 639 398 1,186 Net charge-offs 12 1 (5 ) 81 28 (918 ) (801 ) Balance March 31, 2020 $ 28,741 $ 5,769 $ 23,539 $ 61,403 $ 180,097 $ 27,657 $ 327,206 Three Months Ended Balance December 31, 2018 $ 15,582 $ 3,693 $ 14,135 $ 11,220 $ 40,223 $ 1,587 $ 86,440 Provision for credit losses 610 (1,687 ) 317 369 555 536 700 Charge-offs (44 ) (10 ) (6 ) — (1,957 ) (892 ) (2,909 ) Recoveries 44 1,288 9 1 238 280 1,860 Net charge-offs — 1,278 3 1 (1,719 ) (612 ) (1,049 ) Balance March 31, 2019 $ 16,192 $ 3,284 $ 14,455 $ 11,590 $ 39,059 $ 1,511 $ 86,091 Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures. The allowance also includes estimates of expected credit losses over the contractual period in which there is exposure to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on the commitments expected to fund. The estimate of commitments expected to fund is informed by historical analysis looking at utilization rates. The expected credit loss rates applied to the commitments expected to fund is informed by the general valuation allowance utilized for outstanding balances with the same underlying assumptions and drivers. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $29.9 million in allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure, compared with $5.6 million as of December 31, 2019. This allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposure is a separate line item on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. As of March 31, 2020, the Company had $1.82 billion in commitments expected to fund. Troubled Debt Restructurings. The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (1) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (2) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. Under ASC Topic 310-40 “ the Company evaluates all loan modifications to identify whether the restructuring constitutes a troubled debt restructuring. As of March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, the Company had $13.0 million and $14.8 million, in outstanding troubled debt restructurings. The following table presents information regarding the recorded investment of loans modified as troubled debt restructurings during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019. Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 2019 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Number of Loans Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (Dollars in thousands) Troubled Debt Restructurings Construction, land development and other land loans — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Agriculture and agriculture real estate (includes farmland) — — — — — — 1-4 Family (includes home equity) — — — — — — Commercial real estate (includes multi-family residential) — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — 1 14,783 14,783 Consumer and other — — — — — — Total — $ — $ — 1 $ 14,783 $ 14,783 As of March 31, 2020, there have been no defaults on any loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings during the preceding twelve months. Default is determined at 90 or more days past due. The modifications generally relate to extending the amortization periods of the loans, which includes loans modified during bankruptcy. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company did not add any loans as new troubled debt restructurings. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company added one loan totaling $14.8 million as a new troubled debt restructuring, of which $14.8 million remained outstanding at March 31, 2019. The Company did not grant principal reductions on any restructured loans at the time of modification. These modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s determination of the allowance for credit losses. Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), banks may elect to deem that loan modifications do not result in troubled debt restructurings if they are (1) related to the novel strain of coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”); (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the COVID-19 national emergency declaration by the President of the United States or (B) December 31, 2020. Additionally, other short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not troubled debt restructurings under ASC Subtopic 310-40 and federal banking agencies’ interagency guidance. These modifications include short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The Company's troubled debt restructurings noted above do not include loans that are short-term modifications related to COVID-19. |