Axon Enterprise (AXON) 10-Q 2020 Q3 Quarterly report

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 or
☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                   

Commission File Number: 001-16391

Axon Enterprise, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	86-0741227
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
17800 North 85th Street	85255
Scottsdale,  Arizona
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(480) 991-0797

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.00001 Par Value	AAXN	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).   Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐     No  ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 30, 2020 was 63,549,898.

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

INDEX TO QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020

			Page
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			ii
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION			1
	Item 1. Financial Statements		1
		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2020 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2019	1
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	2
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	3
		Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019	5
		Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
	Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		29
	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		44
	Item 4. Controls and Procedures		45
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION			46
	Item 1. Legal Proceedings		46
	Item 1A. Risk Factors		46
	Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		46
	Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities		47
	Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures		47
	Item 5. Other Information		47
	Item 6. Exhibits		48
	SIGNATURES		49

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions and strategies regarding the future. We intend that such forward-looking statements be subject to the safe-harbor provided by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. From time to time, we also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public as well as verbal forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding: the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; proposed products and services and related development efforts and activities; expectations about the market for our current and future products and services; expected costs relating to the FTC litigation; the impact of pending litigation; strategies and trends relating to subscription plan programs and revenues; our anticipation that contracts with governmental customers will be fulfilled; strategies and trends, including the benefits of, research and development investments; the sufficiency of our liquidity and financial resources; that we may repurchase our common stock; expectations about customer behavior; the impact on our investment portfolio of changes in interest rates; our potential use of foreign currency forward and option contracts; statements concerning projections, predictions, expectations, estimates or forecasts as to our business, financial and operational results and future economic performance; statements of management’s strategies, goals and objectives and other similar expressions; as well as the ultimate resolution of financial statement items requiring critical accounting estimates, including those set forth in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Such statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” and similar expressions, as well as statements in future tense, identify forward-looking statements. However, not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.

We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized, although we believe we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and potentially inaccurate assumptions. The following important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements: the potential global impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; our exposure to cancellations of government contracts due to appropriation clauses, exercise of a cancellation clause, or non-exercise of contractually optional periods; our ability to design, introduce and sell new products or features; our ability to defend against litigation and protect our intellectual property, and the resulting costs of this activity; our ability to manage our supply chain and avoid production delays, shortages, and impacts to expected gross margins; the impact of stock compensation expense, impairment expense, and income tax expense on our financial results; customer purchase behavior, including adoption of our software as a service delivery model; negative media publicity regarding our products; the impact of product mix on projected gross margins; defects in our products; changes in the costs of product components and labor; loss of customer data, a breach of security, or an extended outage, including our reliance on third party cloud-based storage providers; exposure to international operational risks; delayed cash collections and possible credit losses due to our subscription model; changes in government regulations in the U.S. and in foreign markets, especially related to the classification of our products by the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and to evolving regulations surrounding privacy and data protection; our ability to integrate acquired businesses; our ability to attract and retain key personnel; and counter-party risks relating to cash balances held in excess of FDIC insurance limits. Many events beyond our control may determine whether results we anticipate will be achieved. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected. You should bear this in mind as you consider forward-looking statements. The Annual Report on Form 10-K that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 28, 2020 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q list various important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. These factors are intended as cautionary statements for investors within the meaning of Section 21E of the Exchange Act and Section 27A of the Securities Act. Readers can find them under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Report on Form 10-K and in this Report on Form 10-Q, and investors should refer to them. You should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all such factors. Consequently, you should not consider any such list to be a complete set of all potential risks or uncertainties.

Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Form 10-Q, 8-K and 10-K reports to the SEC. Our filings with the SEC may be accessed at the SEC’s web site at www.sec.gov.

ii

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	176,000	$	172,250
Short-term investments		330,914		178,534
Accounts and notes receivable, net of allowance of $1,787 and $1,567 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		172,803		146,878
Contract assets, net		63,105		38,102
Inventory		97,610		38,845
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		35,421		34,866
Total current assets		875,853		609,475
Property and equipment, net		102,718		43,770
Deferred tax assets, net		39,773		27,688
Intangible assets, net		10,260		12,771
Goodwill		25,012		25,013
Long-term investments		120,615		45,499
Long-term notes receivable, net of current portion		22,611		31,598
Long-term contract assets, net		15,019		9,644
Other assets		67,288		40,181
Total assets	$	1,279,149	$	845,639
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	22,441	$	25,874
Accrued liabilities		74,114		45,001
Current portion of deferred revenue		154,731		117,864
Customer deposits		2,132		2,974
Other current liabilities		5,137		3,853
Total current liabilities		258,555		195,566
Deferred revenue, net of current portion		87,733		87,936
Liability for unrecognized tax benefits		4,406		3,832
Long-term deferred compensation		4,150		3,936
Deferred tax liability, net		560		354
Other long-term liabilities		28,592		10,520
Total liabilities		383,996		302,144
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.00001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		—		—
Common stock, $0.00001 par value; 200,000,000 shares authorized; 63,548,081 and 59,497,759 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		1		1
Additional paid-in capital		908,584		528,272
Treasury stock at cost, 20,220,227 shares as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		(155,947)		(155,947)
Retained earnings		144,067		172,265
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,552)		(1,096)
Total stockholders’ equity		895,153		543,495
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,279,149	$	845,639

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net sales from products	$	120,091	$	96,497	$	326,134	$	264,977
Net sales from services		46,351		34,340		128,729		94,032
Net sales		166,442		130,837		454,863		359,009
Cost of product sales		57,798		42,445		150,507		120,265
Cost of service sales		10,404		8,223		29,331		24,098
Cost of sales		68,202		50,668		179,838		144,363
Gross margin		98,240		80,169		275,025		214,646
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative		74,443		48,424		209,763		134,678
Research and development		29,246		25,129		85,187		71,976
Total operating expenses		103,689		73,553		294,950		206,654
Income (loss) from operations		(5,449)		6,616		(19,925)		7,992
Interest and other income, net		2,040		1,820		4,594		5,978
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(3,409)		8,436		(15,331)		13,970
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		(2,536)		2,332		12,227		709
Net income (loss)	$	(873)	$	6,104	$	(27,558)	$	13,261
Net income (loss) per common and common equivalent shares:
Basic	$	(0.01)	$	0.10	$	(0.45)	$	0.22
Diluted	$	(0.01)	$	0.10	$	(0.45)	$	0.22
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic		63,496		59,278		61,159		59,128
Diluted		63,496		60,059		61,159		59,938
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Net income (loss)	$	(873)	$	6,104	$	(27,558)	$	13,261
Foreign currency translation adjustments		1,238		(227)		(456)		(285)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	365	$	5,877	$	(28,014)	$	12,976

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except share data)

											Accumulated
				Additional							Other		Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Treasury Stock			Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Shares	Amount		Earnings		Loss		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019	59,497,759	$	1	$	528,272	20,220,227	$	(155,947)	$	172,265	$	(1,096)	$	543,495
Cumulative effect of applying a change in accounting principle, net of tax	—		—		—	—		—		(640)		—		(640)
Issuance of common stock under employee plans, net	315,404		—		(5,162)	—		—		—		—		(5,162)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		20,195	—		—		—		—		20,195
Net income	—		—		—	—		—		4,074		—		4,074
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—	—		—		—		(2,372)		(2,372)
Balance, March 31, 2020	59,813,163		1		543,305	20,220,227		(155,947)		175,699		(3,468)		559,590
Issuance of common stock	3,450,000		—		306,779	—		—		—		—		306,779
Issuance of common stock under employee plans, net	134,571		—		(310)	—		—		—		—		(310)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		33,835	—		—		—		—		33,835
Issuance of common stock for business combination contingent consideration	70,613		—		—	—		—		—		—		0
Net income (loss)	—		—		—	—		—		(30,759)		—		(30,759)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—	—		—		—		678		678
Balance, June 30, 2020	63,468,347		1		883,609	20,220,227		(155,947)		144,940		(2,790)		869,813
Issuance of common stock under employee plans, net	79,734		—		(1,119)	—		—		—		—		(1,119)
Stock-based compensation	—		—		26,094	—		—		—		—		26,094
Net income (loss)	—		—		—	—		—		(873)		—		(873)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—		—	—		—		—		1,238		1,238
Balance, September 30, 2020	63,548,081	$	1	$	908,584	20,220,227	$	(155,947)	$	144,067	$	(1,552)	$	895,153

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONT’D)

(in thousands, except share data)

												Accumulated
					Additional							Other		Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Treasury Stock			Retained		Comprehensive		Stockholders’
	Shares	Amount			Capital		Shares	Amount		Earnings		Loss		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2018	58,810,637	$	1		$	453,400	20,220,227	$	(155,947)	$	171,383	$	(1,513)	$	467,324
Issuance of common stock under employee plans, net	298,649		—			(1,159)	—		—		—		—		(1,159)
Stock-based compensation	—		—			7,905	—		—		—		—		7,905
Net income	—		—			—	—		—		6,419		—		6,419
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—	—		—		—		50		50
Balance, March 31, 2019	59,109,286		1			460,146	20,220,227		(155,947)		177,802		(1,463)		480,539
Issuance of common stock under employee plans, net	71,832		—			(869)	—		—		—		—		(869)
Issuance of common stock for business combination contingent consideration	70,613		—			—	—		—		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—		—			8,627	—		—		—		—		8,627
Net income	—		—			—	—		—		738		—		738
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—			—	—		—		—		(108)		(108)
Balance, June 30, 2019	59,251,731		1			467,904	20,220,227		(155,947)		178,540		(1,571)		488,927
Issuance of common stock under employee plans	69,062		—			(1,134)	—		—		—		—		(1,134)
Stock-based compensation	—		—			13,977	—		—		—		—		13,977
Net income	—		—			—	—		—		6,104		—		6,104
Foreign currency translation adjustments	—		—	���		—	—		—		—		(227)		(227)
Balance, September 30, 2019	59,320,793	$	1		$	480,747	20,220,227	$	(155,947)	$	184,644	$	(1,798)	$	507,647

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	(27,558)	$	13,261
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		8,944		8,196
Loss on disposal and abandonment of intangible assets		252		51
Loss on disposal and impairment of property and equipment, net		1,429		2,408
Stock-based compensation		80,124		30,195
Deferred income taxes		(11,670)		(3,946)
Unrecognized tax benefits		573		594
Other noncash, net		4,573		2,923
Provision for expected credit losses		776		0
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts and notes receivable and contract assets		(48,551)		(30,497)
Inventory		(59,371)		(6,302)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(4,822)		(11,967)
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities		25,365		(13,528)
Deferred revenue		34,099		28,476
Net cash provided by operating activities		4,163		19,864
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments		(516,687)		(242,693)
Proceeds from call / maturity of investments		287,199		92,207
Purchases of property and equipment		(66,023)		(12,111)
Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment		94		0
Purchases of intangible assets		(177)		(328)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate		(4,700)		0
Net cash used in investing activities		(300,294)		(162,925)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from equity offering		306,779		0
Proceeds from options exercised		295		106
Income and payroll tax payments for net-settled stock awards		(6,886)		(3,268)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		300,188		(3,162)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(303)		(678)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		3,754		(146,901)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		172,355		351,027
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	176,109	$	204,126
Supplemental disclosures:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	176,000	$	202,551
Restricted cash (Note 1)		109		1,575
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the statements of cash flows	$	176,109	$	204,126
Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds	$	7,678	$	2,422
Non-cash transactions
Property and equipment purchases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,734	$	1,047
Commission converted to stock-based award	$	0	$	314

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Axon Enterprise, Inc. (“Axon,” the “Company,” "we," or "us") is a market-leading provider of law enforcement technology solutions. Our core mission is to protect life. We fulfill that mission through developing hardware and software products that advance the long term objectives of a) obsoleting the bullet, b) reducing social conflict, and c) enabling a fair and effective justice system.

Our headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona houses our executive management, sales, marketing, certain engineering, manufacturing, and other administrative support functions. We also have a software engineering development center located in Seattle, Washington, and subsidiaries located in Australia, Canada, Finland, Hong Kong, Germany, India, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Axon Enterprise, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts, transactions, and profits have been eliminated.

Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates

These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Certain information related to our organization, significant accounting policies and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) has been condensed or omitted. The accounting policies followed in the preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are consistent with those followed in our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed on Form 10-K, with the exception of our adoption of certain accounting pronouncements which we describe below. In the opinion of management, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all material adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented and the presentations and disclosures herein are adequate when read in conjunction with our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. The results of operations for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year (or any other period). Significant estimates and assumptions in these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include:

● product warranty reserves,

● inventory valuation,

● revenue recognition,

● expected credit loss reserves,

● valuation of goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets,

● recognition, measurement and valuation of current and deferred income taxes,

● stock-based compensation,

● recognition and measurement of lease liabilities,

● recognition and measurement of contingencies and accrued litigation expense, and

● fair values of identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations.

Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Segment Information

Our operations are comprised of 2 reportable segments: the manufacture and sale of conducted electrical devices ("CEDs"), batteries, accessories, extended warranties and other products and services (the “TASER” segment);

6

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

and the development, manufacture, and sale of software and sensors, which includes the sale of devices, wearables, applications, cloud and mobile products, and services (collectively, the “Software and Sensors” segment). In both segments, we report sales of products and services. Service revenue in both segments includes sales related to Axon Evidence. In the Software and Sensors segment, service revenue also includes other recurring cloud-hosted software revenue and related professional services. Collectively, this revenue is sometimes referred to as "Axon Cloud revenue."  

Reportable segments are determined based on discrete financial information reviewed by our Chief Executive Officer who is our chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). We organize and review operations based on products and services, and currently there are no operating segments that are aggregated. We perform an analysis of our reportable segments at least annually. Additional information related to our business segments is summarized in Note 15.

Geographic Information and Major Customers / Suppliers

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 0 individual country outside the U.S. represented more than 10% of total net sales. Individual sales transactions in the international market are generally larger and occur more intermittently than in the domestic market due to the profile of our customers. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 0 customer represented more than 10% of total net sales. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 0 customer represented more than 10% of the aggregate balance of accounts and notes receivable and contract assets.

We currently purchase both off the shelf and custom components, including, but not limited to, finished circuit boards, injection-molded plastic components, small machined parts, custom cartridge components, electronic components, and off the shelf sub-assemblies from suppliers located in the U.S., Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, Mexico, and Taiwan. Although we currently obtain many of these components from single source suppliers, we own the injection molded component tooling, most of the designs, and the test fixtures used in their production for all custom components. As a result, we believe we could obtain alternative suppliers in most cases without incurring significant production delays. We also strategically hold safety stock levels on custom components to further reduce this risk. For off the shelf components, we believe that in most cases there are readily available alternative suppliers who can consistently meet our needs for these components. We acquire most of our components on a purchase order basis and do not have any significant long-term contracts with component suppliers.

Income per Common Share

Basic income per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the periods presented. Diluted income per share reflects the potential dilution from outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units. The calculation of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and earnings per share are as follows (in thousands except per share data):

7

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share:
Net income (loss)	$	(873)	$	6,104	$	(27,558)	$	13,261
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding		63,496		59,278		61,159		59,128
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards		—		781		—		810
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		63,496		60,059		61,159		59,938
Anti-dilutive stock-based awards excluded		12,793		12,477		12,904		12,546
Net income (loss) per common share:
Basic	$	(0.01)	$	0.10	$	(0.45)	$	0.22
Diluted	$	(0.01)	$	0.10	$	(0.45)	$	0.22

Standard Warranties

We warranty our CEDs, Axon cameras and certain related accessories from manufacturing defects on a limited basis for a period of one year after purchase and, thereafter, will repair or replace any defective unit for a fee. Estimated costs for the standard warranty are charged to cost of products sold when revenue is recorded for the related product. Future warranty costs are estimated based on historical data related to warranty claims and this rate is applied to current product sales. Historically, reserve amounts have been increased if management becomes aware of a component failure or other issue that could result in larger than anticipated warranty claims from customers. The warranty reserve is reviewed quarterly to verify that it sufficiently reflects the remaining warranty obligations based on the anticipated expenditures over the balance of the warranty obligation period, and adjustments are made when actual warranty claim experience differs from estimates. The warranty reserve is included in accrued liabilities on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Changes in our estimated product warranty liabilities were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,476	$	898
Utilization of reserve		(539)		(718)
Warranty expense (benefit)		(192)		891
Balance, end of period	$	745	$	1,071

Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

We use the fair value framework that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques for measuring financial assets and liabilities measured on a recurring basis and for non-financial assets and liabilities when these items are re-measured. Fair value is considered to be the exchange price in an orderly transaction between market participants, to sell an asset or transfer a liability at the measurement date. The hierarchy below lists three levels of fair value based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. We categorize each of our fair value measurements in one of these three levels based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. These levels are:

● Level 1 – Valuation techniques in which all significant inputs are unadjusted quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are identical to the assets or liabilities being measured.

● Level 2 – Valuation techniques in which significant inputs include quoted prices from active markets for assets or liabilities that are similar to the assets or liabilities being measured and/or quoted prices for assets

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or liabilities that are identical or similar to the assets or liabilities being measured from markets that are not active. Also, model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets are Level 2 valuation techniques.

● Level 3 – Valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Unobservable inputs are valuation technique inputs that reflect our own assumptions about inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

We have cash equivalents and investments, which at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were comprised of money market funds, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, corporate bonds, municipal bonds, U.S. Government agency bonds, U.S. Treasury bills, U.S. Treasury inflation-protected securities, and U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements. See additional disclosure regarding the fair value of our cash equivalents and investments in Note 3. Included in the balance of other assets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $4.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively, related to corporate-owned life insurance policies which are used to fund our deferred compensation plan. We determine the fair value of insurance contracts by obtaining the cash surrender value of the contracts from the issuer, a Level 2 valuation technique. In March 2020, we made an investment of $4.7 million in preferred stock and recorded preferred stock warrants at a fair value of $2.6 million, which is also included in the balance of other assets as of September 30, 2020. The estimated fair value of the investments was determined based on Level 3 inputs. As of September 30, 2020, management estimated that the fair value of the investment equaled its carrying value.

Our financial instruments also include accounts and notes receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of these instruments, their fair values approximate their carrying values on the balance sheet.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash balances as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included $0.1 million primarily related to funds held in an international bank account for a country in which we are required to maintain a minimum balance to operate. Approximately half of the balance was included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, with the remainder included in other assets.

Valuation of Goodwill, Intangibles and Long-lived Assets

We evaluate whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of long-lived assets and identifiable intangible assets, excluding goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of these assets may not be recoverable. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to, a change in the product mix, a change in the way products are created, produced or delivered, or a significant change in the way products are branded and marketed. In performing the review for recoverability, we estimate the future undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. The amount of the impairment loss, if impairment exists, is calculated based on the excess of the carrying amounts of the assets over their estimated fair value computed using discounted cash flows.

We do not amortize goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives; rather such assets are required to be tested for impairment at least annually or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. We perform our annual goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests in the fourth quarter of each year.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial

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Instruments. ASU 2016-13 includes an impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss model) on financial instruments and other commitments that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses, which the FASB believes will result in more timely recognition of such losses. The use of forecasted information is intended to incorporate more timely information in the estimate of expected credit loss. This ASU also requires enhanced disclosures relating to significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as credit quality. Upon adoption, we recorded a noncash cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings of $0.6 million, net of $0.2 million of income taxes, on the opening consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2020,  reflecting an overall increase to the allowance for expected credit losses. See Notes 3 and 4 for further disclosures related to Topic 326.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. ASU 2018-13 eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The amendments apply to the disclosures of changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. Adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2020 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Effective the first quarter of 2021:

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The amendments in the ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods therein. Early adoption of the standard is permitted, including adoption in interim or annual periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments – Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Clarifying the Interactions Between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815 (a Consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force). The guidance clarifies the interaction between ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities and the ASU on equity method investments. ASU 2016-01 provides companies with an alternative to measure certain equity securities without a readily determinable fair value at cost, minus impairment, if any, unless an observable transaction for an identical or similar security occurs. ASU 2020-01 clarifies that for purposes of applying the Topic 321 measurement alternative, an entity should consider observable transactions that require it to either apply or discontinue the equity method of accounting under Topic 323, immediately before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method. In addition, the new ASU provides direction that a company should not consider whether the underlying securities would be accounted for under the equity method or the fair value option when it is determining the accounting for certain forward contracts and purchased options, upon either settlement or exercise. The amendments in this update become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments are to be applied prospectively. Adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation

Certain prior year amounts, including the long-term portion of contract assets, have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications are not material and had no effect on the reported results of operations.

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2. Revenues

Nature of Products and Services

The following tables present our revenues by primary product and service offering (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020						Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
			Software and						Software and
	TASER		Sensors		Total		TASER		Sensors		Total
TASER 7	$	21,702	$	0	$	21,702	$	20,214	$	0	$	20,214
TASER X26P		9,766		0		9,766		11,578		0		11,578
TASER X2		14,494		0		14,494		13,241		0		13,241
TASER Pulse		2,981		0		2,981		1,132		0		1,132
Cartridges		26,335		0		26,335		18,901		0		18,901
Axon Body		0		15,978		15,978		0		6,763		6,763
Axon Flex		0		1,589		1,589		0		1,670		1,670
Axon Fleet		0		4,215		4,215		0		4,341		4,341
Axon Dock		0		5,708		5,708		0		3,358		3,358
Axon Evidence and cloud services		692		45,450		46,142		218		34,022		34,240
Extended warranties		5,265		6,514		11,779		4,543		4,714		9,257
Other		3,171		2,582		5,753		1,916		4,226		6,142
Total	$	84,406	$	82,036	$	166,442	$	71,743	$	59,094	$	130,837

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
			Software and						Software and
	TASER		Sensors		Total		TASER		Sensors		Total
TASER 7	$	48,616	$	—	$	48,616	$	39,466	$	—	$	39,466
TASER X26P		30,338		—		30,338		37,832		—		37,832
TASER X2		45,401		—		45,401		40,413		—		40,413
TASER Pulse		6,374		—		6,374		2,920		—		2,920
Cartridges		76,732		—		76,732		57,354		—		57,354
Axon Body		—		40,645		40,645		—		18,820		18,820
Axon Flex		—		3,452		3,452		—		4,517		4,517
Axon Fleet		—		13,088		13,088		—		10,977		10,977
Axon Dock		—		14,714		14,714		—		9,401		9,401
Axon Evidence and cloud services		1,776		126,495		128,271		363		93,461		93,824
Extended warranties		15,340		17,707		33,047		13,341		14,064		27,405
Other		6,214		7,971		14,185		6,017		10,063		16,080
Total	$	230,791	$	224,072	$	454,863	$	197,706	$	161,303	$	359,009

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019				2020				2019
United States	$	143,380	86	%	$	110,809	85	%	$	368,390	81	%	$	298,736	83	%
Other countries		23,062	14			20,028	15			86,473	19			60,273	17
Total	$	166,442	100	%	$	130,837	100	%	$	454,863	100	%	$	359,009	100	%

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Contract Balances

The following table presents our contract assets, contract liabilities and certain information related to these balances as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020
Contract assets, net	$	78,124
Contract liabilities (deferred revenue)		242,464
Revenue recognized in the period from:
Amounts included in contract liabilities at the beginning of the period		113,422

Contract liabilities (deferred revenue) consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Current		Long-Term		Total		Current		Long-Term		Total
Warranty:
TASER	$	13,267	$	14,824	$	28,091	$	12,716	$	16,378	$	29,094
Software and Sensors		12,328		3,983		16,311		9,852		5,156		15,008
		25,595		18,807		44,402		22,568		21,534		44,102
Hardware:
TASER		15,621		12,124		27,745		9,569		15,468		25,037
Software and Sensors		27,225		40,443		67,668		22,235		33,759		55,994
		42,846		52,567		95,413		31,804		49,227		81,031
Services:
TASER		722		1,091		1,813		293		765		1,058
Software and Sensors		85,568		15,268		100,836		63,199		16,410		79,609
		86,290		16,359		102,649		63,492		17,175		80,667
Total	$	154,731	$	87,733	$	242,464	$	117,864	$	87,936	$	205,800

	September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Current		Long-Term		Total		Current		Long-Term		Total
TASER	$	29,610	$	28,039	$	57,649	$	22,578	$	32,611	$	55,189
Software and Sensors		125,121		59,694		184,815		95,286		55,325		150,611
Total	$	154,731	$	87,733	$	242,464	$	117,864	$	87,936	$	205,800

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $1.51 billion of remaining performance obligations, which included both recognized contract liabilities as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized in future periods. The remaining performance obligations are limited only to arrangements that meet the definition of a contract under Topic 606 as of September 30, 2020. We expect to recognize between 20% - 25% of this balance over the next twelve months, and generally expect the remainder to be recognized over the following five to seven years, subject to risks related to delayed deployments, budget appropriation or other contract cancellation clauses.

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3. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Investments

The following tables summarize our cash, cash equivalents, and held-to-maturity investments at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	As of September 30, 2020
			Gross		Gross				Cash and
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized				Cash		Short-Term		Long-Term
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments
Cash	$	91,499	$	—	$	0	$	91,499	$	91,499	$	0	$	—
Level 1:
Money market funds		31,298		—		0		31,298		31,298		0		—
Agency bonds		68,111		141		0		68,252		0		24,610		43,501
Treasury bills		57,284		3		0		57,287		5,499		51,785		—
Subtotal		156,693		144		0		156,837		36,797		76,395		43,501
Level 2:
State and municipal obligations		63,363		49		(14)		63,398		1,001		49,441		12,921
Certificates of deposit		1,900		—		0		1,900		0		1,400		500
Corporate bonds		222,817		389		(166)		223,040		2,908		156,178		63,731
U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements		43,800		—		0		43,800		43,800		0		—
Treasury inflation-protected securities		3,270		24		0		3,294		0		3,270		—
Commercial paper		44,356		—		0		44,356		0		44,356		—
Subtotal		379,506		462		(180)		379,788		47,709		254,645		77,152
Total	$	627,698	$	606	$	(180)	$	628,124	$	176,005	$	331,040	$	120,653

We adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2020, and applied the credit loss guidance related to held-to-maturity securities prospectively. Because we do not have any history of losses for our held-to-maturity investments, our expected loss allowance methodology for held-to-maturity investments is developed using published or estimated credit default rates for similar investments and current and future economic and market conditions. At January 1 and September 30, 2020, our credit loss reserve for held-to-maturity investments was approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we increased the frequency of review for our investment portfolio in order to more closely monitor potential impacts of the novel coronavirus ("COVID-19”) pandemic.

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	As of December 31, 2019
			Gross		Gross				Cash and
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized				Cash		Short-Term		Long-Term
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value		Equivalents		Investments		Investments
Cash	$	103,319	$	—	$	0	$	103,319	$	103,319	$	0	$	—
Level 1:
Money market funds		8,845		—		0		8,845		8,845		0		—
Agency bonds		32,869		14		(4)		32,879		0		15,131		17,738
Subtotal		41,714		14		(4)		41,724		8,845		15,131		17,738
Level 2:
State and municipal obligations		25,038		8		0		25,046		0		21,560		3,478
Certificates of deposit		1,400		—		0		1,400		0		1,400		—
Corporate bonds		135,175		71		(30)		135,216		886		113,241		21,048
U.S. Treasury repurchase agreements		57,200		—		0		57,200		57,200		0		—
Treasury inflation-protected securities		3,235		14		0		3,249		0		0		3,235
Commercial paper		29,202		—		0		29,202		2,000		27,202		—
Subtotal		251,250		93		(30)		251,313		60,086		163,403		27,761
Total	$	396,283	$	107	$	(34)	$	396,356	$	172,250	$	178,534	$	45,499

4. Expected Credit Losses

We are exposed to credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. Our expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable, notes receivable, and contract assets is developed using historical collection experience, published or estimated credit default rates for entities that represent our customer base, current and future economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of customers' trade accounts receivables. Additionally, specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. Our monitoring activities include account reconciliation, dispute resolution, payment confirmation, consideration of customers' financial condition and macroeconomic conditions. Balances are written off when determined to be uncollectible.

We considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and recorded additional credit loss expense of approximately $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

We review receivables for U.S. and international customers separately to better reflect different published credit default rates and economic and market conditions.

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The following table provides a roll-forward of the allowance for expected credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of accounts receivable, notes receivable, and contract assets to present the net amount expected to be collected (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
		United States		Other countries		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,395	$	172	$	1,567
Adoption of Topic 326, cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings		767		1		768
Provision for expected credit losses		578		115		693
Amounts written off charged against the allowance		(61)		(2)		(63)
Other, including dispositions and foreign currency translation		-		(3)		(3)
Balance, end of period	$	2,679	$	283	$	2,962

As of September  30, 2020, the allowance for expected credit losses for each type of customer receivable was as follows:

	September 30,
	2020
Accounts receivable and notes receivable, current	$	1,787
Contract assets, net		711
Long-term notes receivable, net of current portion		464
Total allowance for expected credit losses on customer receivables	$	2,962

5. Inventory

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average cost of raw materials, which approximates the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method and includes allocations of manufacturing labor and overhead. Included in finished goods at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $2.1 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of trial and evaluation hardware units. Provisions are made to reduce excess, obsolete or slow-moving inventories to their net realizable value. Inventory consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Raw materials	$	43,082	$	20,789
Finished goods		54,528		18,056
Total inventory	$	97,610	$	38,845

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6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

	Estimated
	Useful Life	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Land	N/A	$	57,052	$	2,900
Building and leasehold improvements	3-39 years		20,330		20,089
Production equipment	3-7 years		32,919		29,961
Computers, equipment and software	3-5 years		7,839		8,126
Furniture and office equipment	5-7 years		6,014		6,514
Vehicles	5 years		1,782		1,753
Website development costs	3 years		204		204
Capitalized internal-use software development costs	3 years		3,670		3,670
Construction-in-process	N/A		17,546		12,385
Total cost			147,356		85,602
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(44,638)		(41,832)
Property and equipment, net		$	102,718	$	43,770

In September 2020, we purchased a parcel of land located in Scottsdale, Arizona at auction from the Arizona State Land Department, on which we intend to construct our new manufacturing and office facility. The purchase price of the land was $49.1 million, plus selling fees, administrative fees, and certain other costs and expenses incurred by the Arizona State Land Department pursuant to the auction, for a total of approximately $50.6 million. We also capitalized legal and broker fees related to the purchase totaling approximately $1.3 million. Additionally, we capitalized approximately $2.2 million paid to the City of Scottsdale under a separate public infrastructure reimbursement development agreement; we are eligible for a refund of this and other infrastructure and development costs to be paid by Axon up to a total of approximately $9.4 million if certain milestones in the agreement are achieved.  

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

			Software and
	TASER		Sensors		Total
Balance, beginning of period	$	1,354	$	23,659	$	25,013
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		(1)		(1)
Balance, end of period	$	1,354	$	23,658	$	25,012

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Intangible assets (other than goodwill) consisted of the following (in thousands):

		September 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
		Gross				Net		Gross				Net
	Useful	Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying		Carrying		Accumulated		Carrying
	Life	Amount		Amortization		Amount		Amount		Amortization		Amount
Amortizable (definite-lived) intangible assets:
Domain names	5‑10 years	$	3,161	$	(1,263)	$	1,898	$	3,161	$	(1,035)	$	2,126
Issued patents	5‑25 years		3,216		(1,510)		1,706		3,271		(1,339)		1,932
Issued trademarks	3‑15 years		1,200		(573)		627		1,166		(678)		488
Customer relationships	4‑8 years		3,712		(1,784)		1,928		3,721		(1,416)		2,305
Non-compete agreements	3‑4 years		452		(419)		33		450		(404)		46
Developed technology	3‑5 years		10,660		(8,167)		2,493		10,660		(6,528)		4,132
Re-acquired distribution rights	2 years		2,042		(2,042)		0		2,009		(2,009)		—
Total amortizable			24,443		(15,758)		8,685		24,438		(13,409)		11,029
Non-amortizable (indefinite-lived) intangible assets:
TASER trademark			900				900		900				900
Patents and trademarks pending			675				675		842				842
Total non-amortizable			1,575				1,575		1,742				1,742
Total intangible assets		$	26,018	$	(15,758)	$	10,260	$	26,180	$	(13,409)	$	12,771

Amortization expense of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Amortization expense of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.8 million and $2.7 million, respectively. Estimated amortization for intangible assets with definite lives for the remaining three months of 2020, the next five years ended December 31, and thereafter, is as follows (in thousands):

2020 remaining	$	831
2021		2,879
2022		1,277
2023		982
2024		899
2025		632
Thereafter		1,185
Total	$	8,685

8. Other Long-Term Assets

Other long-term assets consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance policies	$	4,225	$	4,214
Deferred commissions (1)		27,263		22,068
Restricted cash		59		56
Operating lease assets		22,368		9,653
Investment in unconsolidated affiliate (2)(4)		4,700		—
Warrants for unconsolidated affiliate (3)(4)		2,588		—
Prepaid expenses, deposits and other		6,085		4,190
Total other long-term assets	$	67,288	$	40,181

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(1) Represents the incremental costs of obtaining contracts with customers, which consist primarily of sales commissions. These costs are ascribed to or allocated to the underlying performance obligations in the contracts and amortized consistent with the recognition timing of the revenue for the underlying performance obligations.

(2) In March 2020, we made an investment in and entered into a commercial partnership agreement with Flock Group Inc., a provider of advanced security for neighborhoods and law enforcement. Our $4.7 million investment resulted in our ownership of approximately 5% of the outstanding equity interests of this company. We account for this investment under the ASC 321 measurement alternative for equity securities without readily determinable fair values, as there are no quoted market prices for the investment. The investment is measured at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes and is assessed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. As of September 30, 2020, 0 impairment was recorded for the investment.

(3) In conjunction with the equity investment in and commercial partnership with Flock Group Inc., we have the ability to commit additional capital over time through warrants where the exercisability and exercise prices are conditional on the achievement of certain partnership performance metrics. The fair value of the preferred stock warrants was estimated at $2.6 million using Monte Carlo simulation.

(4) In October 2020, we made an additional $2.1 million investment in Flock Group Inc. After this incremental investment, we hold approximately 4% of the outstanding equity interests. The issuance of new equity by Flock Group Inc. to us and other investors represents an observable price change for our existing investment and related warrants which will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements for the period ending December 31, 2020.

9. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued salaries, benefits and bonus	$	25,365	$	24,737
Accrued professional, consulting and lobbying fees		11,483		3,235
Accrued warranty expense		745		1,476
Accrued income and other taxes		18,086		3,362
Accrued inventory in transit		10,185		4,156
Other accrued expenses		8,250		8,035
Accrued liabilities	$	74,114	$	45,001

10. Income Taxes

We file income tax returns for federal purposes and in many states, as well as in multiple foreign jurisdictions. Our tax filings remain subject to examination by applicable tax authorities for a certain length of time, generally three to four years, following the tax year to which these filings relate. In July 2020, we received notification from the Internal Revenue Service that the audit of  our U.S. federal income tax return for fiscal year 2016 was completed. During the second quarter we began an audit with the State of California for our fiscal year 2016 and 2017 state tax returns, which is currently ongoing. Additionally, we have been notified that an audit will commence for Axon Public Safety Southeast Asia LLC, our entity in Vietnam. The tax period has not yet been defined.

On March 27, 2020, the U.S. federal government enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”). The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the coronavirus outbreak which, among other things, contains numerous income tax provisions. Some of these tax provisions are expected to be effective retroactively for years ending before the date of enactment. We are continuing to evaluate the implications of the CARES Act, but its impact on our financial statements and related disclosures is not expected to be material.

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In April 2020, recent interpretations of a German law relating to withholding taxes on intellectual property rights emerged.  We have evaluated this law and do not expect a material impact to our financial position or results of operations.

The issuance of new equity in October 2020 by Flock Group Inc. to us and other investors represents an observable price change for our existing investment and related warrants which will be reflected in the consolidated financial statements for the period ending December 31, 2020. The taxability of any unrealized gain recognized will be deferred, creating a deferred tax liability in the period in which it is recognized.

Deferred Tax Assets

Net deferred income tax assets at September 30, 2020, primarily include R&D tax credits, stock-based compensation expense, deferred revenue, accruals and reserves, and net operating losses, partially offset by accelerated depreciation expense and valuation allowance reserve. Our total net deferred tax assets at September 30, 2020 were $39.2 million.

In preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, management assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred income tax assets, management considers all available positive and negative evidence, including our operating results, ongoing tax planning and forecasts of future taxable income on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. A valuation allowance is established if it is determined that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. Management exercises significant judgment in determining our provisions for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities, and our future taxable income for purposes of assessing our ability to utilize any future tax benefit from our deferred tax assets.

As of September 30, 2020, we continue to demonstrate three-year cumulative pre-tax income in the U.S. federal and state tax jurisdictions; however, we have Arizona R&D Tax Credits expiring unutilized each year. Therefore, management has concluded that it is more likely than not that our Arizona R&D deferred tax asset will not be realized.

We have certain foreign net operating loss carryovers, which have previously been fully offset with a valuation allowance. As of September 30, 2020, we now have cumulative pre-tax income in the U.K. and Canada, as measured over a three year rolling period, along with positive evidence from projections of future taxable income growth for both jurisdictions. Therefore, we have released the full valuation allowances against net operating loss carryovers in the U.K. and Canada of $1.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in the third quarter of 2020.

In Australia, we have determined that sufficient deferred tax liabilities will reverse in order to realize all assets except one long-lived intangible where there is not an expectation that the asset may be realized. Therefore, we have recorded a partial valuation allowance for Australia.

We complete R&D tax credit studies for each year that an R&D tax credit is claimed for federal, Arizona, and California income tax purposes. Management has made the determination that it is more likely than not that the full benefit of the R&D tax credit will not be sustained on examination and recorded a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $7.0 million as of September 30, 2020. Should the unrecognized benefit of $7.0 million be recognized, our effective tax rate would be favorably impacted. Approximately $2.8 million of the unrecognized tax benefit associated with R&D credits has been netted against the R&D deferred tax asset.

Effective Tax Rate

Our overall effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, after discrete period adjustments, was (79.8%). Before discrete adjustments, the tax rate was (137.0%), which differs from the federal statutory rate, primarily due to the impact of the executive compensation limitation under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 162(m) on a projected pre-tax loss for the year. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted by a $6.6 million discrete tax benefit

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primarily associated with windfalls related to stock-based compensation for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that vested or stock options that were exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

11. Stockholders’ Equity

Follow-on offering

In June 2020, we sold 3,450,000 shares of our common stock, which included 450,000 shares pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares, in an underwritten public offering at a price of $92.00 per share, which resulted in gross proceeds of $317.4 million. Net proceeds to us after deducting fees, commissions, and other expenses related to the offering were $306.8 million.

Performance-based stock awards

We have issued performance-based stock options and performance-based RSUs, the vesting of which is generally contingent upon the achievement of certain performance criteria related to our operating performance, as well as successful and timely development and market acceptance of future product introductions. In addition, certain of the performance RSUs have additional service requirements subsequent to the achievement of the performance criteria. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period based on management’s estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date. For both service-based and performance-based RSUs, we account for forfeitures as they occur as a reduction to stock-based compensation expense and additional paid-in-capital.

For performance-based options with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both performance and market conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized for each pair of performance and market conditions over the longer of the expected achievement period of the performance and market conditions, beginning at the point in time that the relevant performance condition is considered probable of achievement. The fair value of such awards is estimated on the grant date using Monte Carlo simulations.

CEO Performance Award

On May 24, 2018, our stockholders approved the Board of Directors’ grant of 6,365,856 stock option awards to Patrick W. Smith, our CEO (the “CEO Performance Award”). The CEO Performance Award consists of 12 vesting tranches with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both operational goals (performance conditions) and market capitalization goals (market conditions), assuming continued employment either as the CEO or as both Executive Chairman and Chief Product Officer and service through each vesting date. Each of the 12 vesting tranches of the CEO Performance Award have a 10-year contractual term and will vest upon certification by the Board of Directors that both (i) the market capitalization goal for such tranche, which begins at $2.5 billion for the first tranche and increases by increments of $1.0 billion thereafter, and (ii) any one of the following 8 operational goals focused on revenue or 8 operational goals focused on Adjusted EBITDA have been met for the previous four consecutive fiscal quarters. Adjusted EBITDA for purposes of the CEO Performance Award ("Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance

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Award)") is defined as net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders before interest expense,  investment interest income, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation expense.

	Eight Separate Adjusted EBITDA (CEO
Eight Separate Revenue Goals (1)	Performance Award) Goals
(in thousands)	(in thousands)
Goal #1, $710,058	Goal #9, $125,000
Goal #2, $860,058	Goal #10, $155,000
Goal #3, $1,010,058	Goal #11, $175,000
Goal #4, $1,210,058	Goal #12, $190,000
Goal #5, $1,410,058	Goal #13, $200,000
Goal #6, $1,610,058	Goal #14, $210,000
Goal #7, $1,810,058	Goal #15, $220,000
Goal #8, $2,010,058	Goal #16, $230,000

(1) In connection with the business acquisition that was completed during the three months ended June 30, 2018, the revenue goals were adjusted for the acquiree’s Target Revenue, as defined in the CEO Performance Award agreement.

As of September 30, 2020, the following operational goals were considered probable of achievement:

● Total revenue of $710.1 million, $860.1 million, and $1,010.1 million; and

● Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) of $125.0 million, $155.0 million, $175.0 million, $190.0 million, $200.0 million, $210.0 million, $220.0 million, and $230.0 million.

The first three market capitalization goals have been achieved as of September 30, 2020, and the fourth market capitalization goal was achieved in October 2020. However, none of the stock options granted under the CEO Performance Award have vested thus far as the operational goals have not yet been achieved as of September 30, 2020. As there are eleven operational goals considered probable of achievement, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $69.5 million related to the CEO Performance Award from the Grant Date through September 30, 2020. The number of stock options that would vest related to the eleven tranches is approximately 5.8 million shares.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $158.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for the performance goals that were considered probable of achievement, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 5.09 years. As of September 30, 2020, we had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $17.6 million for the performance goals that were considered not probable of achievement.

eXponential Stock Performance Plan

On February 12, 2019, our shareholders approved the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”), which was adopted by the Board of Directors to reserve a sufficient number of shares to facilitate our eXponential Stock Performance Plan (“XSPP”) and grants of eXponential Stock Units (“XSUs”) under the plan. Initial awards under the plan were granted in January 2019, with additional employee awards granted since that date. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we granted an additional 0.1 million and 0.3 million XSUs, respectively.

The XSUs are grants of RSUs, each with a term of approximately nine years, that vest in 12 equal tranches. Each of the 12 tranches will vest upon certification by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors that both (i) the market capitalization goal for such tranche, which begins at $2.5 billion for the first tranche and increases by increments of $1.0 billion thereafter, and (ii) any one of 8 operational goals focused on revenue or 8 operational goals focused on Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) have been met for the previous four consecutive fiscal quarters.

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The XSPP contains an anti-dilution provision incorporated into the plan based on shareholder feedback, which affects the calculation of the market capitalization goals in the plan. The plan defines a maximum number of shares outstanding that may be used in the calculation of the market capitalization goals (the “XSU Maximum”). If the actual number of shares outstanding exceeds the XSU Maximum guardrail, then the lower pre-defined number of shares in the XSU Maximum, rather than the higher actual number of shares outstanding, is used to calculate market capitalization for the determination of the market capitalization goals in the XSPP, which, together with the operational goals, determines whether XSUs vest for participating employees.

The XSU Maximum is defined as the actual number of shares outstanding on the original XSU grant date of January 2, 2019, increased by a 3% annual rate over the term of the XSPP and by shares issued upon the exercise of CEO Performance Award options. The XSU Maximum is also adjusted for acquisitions, spin-offs or other changes in the number of outstanding shares of common stock, if such changes have a corresponding adjustment on the market capitalization goals.

New shares issued for any other reasons, including shares issued upon vesting of XSUs, RSUs, and PSUs as well as shares issued to raise capital through equity issuances or in other transactions, do not increase the XSU Maximum.

The market capitalization and operational goals are identical to the CEO Performance Award, but a different number of shares is used to calculate the market capitalization goals if shares outstanding exceed the XSU Maximum. Additionally, because the grant date is different than that of the CEO Performance Award, the measurement period for market capitalization is not identical.

As of September 30, 2020, actual shares outstanding exceeded the XSU Maximum as a result of the common stock offering completed in June 2020. Accordingly, market capitalization as calculated for the purposes of achieving additional goals uses the lower XSU Maximum share amount rather than actual shares outstanding. The first three market capitalization goals have been achieved as of September 30, 2020, and the fourth market capitalization goal was achieved in November 2020. However, none of the XSU tranches have vested thus far as the operational goals have not yet been achieved as of September 30, 2020. As there are eleven operational goals considered probable of achievement, we recorded stock-based compensation expense of $42.0 million related to the XSU awards from their respective grant dates through September 30, 2020. The number of XSU awards that would vest related to the eleven tranches is approximately 5.0 million shares.

As of September 30, 2020, we had $139.9 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense for the performance goals that were considered probable of achievement, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.91 years. As of September 30, 2020, we had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense of $11.4 million for the performance goals that were considered not probable of achievement.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Number of	Weighted Average		Aggregate
	Units	Grant-Date Fair Value		Intrinsic Value
Units outstanding, beginning of year	1,249	$	45.47
Granted	279		78.86
Released	(394)		39.00
Forfeited	(85)		50.82
Units outstanding, end of period	1,049		56.34	$	95,112

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Aggregate intrinsic value represents our closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $90.70 per share, multiplied by the number of RSUs outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, there was $41.7 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to RSUs under our stock plans for shares that are expected to vest. We expect to recognize the cost related to the RSUs over a weighted average period of 1.99 years. RSUs are released when vesting requirements are met.

Certain RSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were net-share settled such that we withheld shares to cover the employees’ tax obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. Total shares withheld related to RSUs were approximately 13 thousand and had a value of $1.1 million on their respective vesting dates as determined by the closing stock price on such dates. Payments for the employees’ tax obligations are reflected as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We record a liability for the tax withholding to be paid by us as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

Performance Stock Units

The following table summarizes Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) activity, inclusive of XSUs, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

	Number of	Weighted Average		Aggregate
	Units	Grant-Date Fair Value		Intrinsic Value
Units outstanding, beginning of year	6,033	$	34.47
Granted	380		55.94
Released	(160)		25.20
Forfeited	(474)		43.09
Units outstanding, end of period	5,779		35.43	$	524,180

Aggregate intrinsic value represents our closing stock price on the last trading day of the period, which was $90.70 per share, multiplied by the number of PSUs outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, there was $143.9 million in unrecognized compensation costs related to PSUs under our stock plans for shares that are expected to vest. We expect to recognize the cost related to the PSUs over a weighted average period of 4.82 years. PSUs are released when vesting requirements are met.

As of September 30, 2020, the performance criteria had been met for approximately 0.1 million of the 5.8 million PSUs outstanding. Certain of the PSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2020 can vest with a range of shares earned being between 0% and 200% of the targeted shares granted, depending on the final achievement of pre-determined performance criteria as of the vesting date. The amount of PSUs included in the table above related to such grants is the target level. The maximum additional number of PSUs that could be earned is 0.2 million, which are not included in the table above.

On November 3, 2020, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved a modification to the definition of a metric for certain of our outstanding PSU awards. We will account for this change as a Type III modification under ASC 718 since the expectation of the attainment for this metric changed from improbable to probable. We expect to recognize additional stock-based compensation of approximately $3.5 million over the remaining requisite service period, beginning from the modification date.

Certain PSUs that vested in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were net-share settled such that we withheld shares to cover the employees’ tax obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. Total shares withheld related to PSUs were less than 1 thousand and had a value of $0.1 million on their respective vesting dates as determined by the closing stock price on such dates. Payments for the employees’ tax obligations are reflected as a financing activity within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We record a liability for the tax withholding to be paid by us as a reduction to additional paid-in capital.

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Stock Option Activity

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (number of units and aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):

				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
	Number	Average		Remaining
	of	Exercise		Contractual	Aggregate
	Options	Price		Life (years)	Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding, beginning of year	6,431	$	28.34
Granted	0		0
Exercised	(65)		4.52
Expired / terminated	0		0
Options outstanding, end of period	6,366		28.58	7.41	$	395,449
Options exercisable, end of period	1		4.70	0.26		2

Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the exercise price of the underlying stock option awards and the closing market price of our common stock of $90.70 on September 30, 2020. The intrinsic value of options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $5.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2020, total options outstanding included 6.4 million unvested performance-based stock options. Of this total, 5.8 million options relate to tranches of the CEO Performance Award considered probable of achievement and 0.5 million relate to the tranche of the CEO Performance Award not considered probable of achievement.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The following table summarizes the composition of stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of products sold and services delivered	$	744	$	312	$	2,170	$	775
Sales, general and administrative expenses		19,117		9,508		60,853		19,130
Research and development expenses		6,233		3,843		17,101		10,290
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	26,094	$	13,663	$	80,124	$	30,195

Stock Incentive Plan

In February 2019, our shareholders approved the 2019 Plan authorizing an additional 6.0 million shares, plus remaining available shares under prior plans, for issuance under the new plan. Combined with the legacy stock incentive plans, there are 2.0 million shares available for grant as of September 30, 2020.

Stock Repurchase Plan

In February 2016, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $50.0 million of our outstanding common stock subject to stock market conditions and corporate considerations. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, 0 common shares were purchased under the program. As of September 30, 2020, $16.3 million remains available under the plan for future purchases. Any future purchases will be discretionary.

12. Line of Credit

We have a $50.0 million unsecured revolving line of credit with a domestic bank, of which $10.0 million is available for letters of credit. The credit agreement matures on December 31, 2021 and has an accordion feature which

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allows for an increase in the total line of credit up to $100.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including the availability of additional bank commitments.

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were 0 borrowings under the line. Under the terms of the line of credit, available borrowings are reduced by outstanding letters of credit. As of September 30, 2020, we had letters of credit outstanding of approximately $6.1 million under the facility and available borrowing of $43.9 million, excluding amounts available under the accordion feature. Advances under the line of credit bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.0 to 1.5% per year determined in accordance with a pricing grid based on our funded debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") ratio.

We are required to comply with a maximum funded debt to EBITDA ratio of no greater than 2.50 to 1.00 based upon a trailing four fiscal quarter period. At September 30, 2020, our funded debt to EBITDA ratio was 0.00 to 1.00.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Product Litigation

As a manufacturer of weapons and other law enforcement tools used in high-risk field environments, we are often the subject of products liability litigation concerning the use of our products.  We are currently named as a defendant in 12 lawsuits (2 pending dismissal) in which the plaintiffs allege either wrongful death or personal injury in situations in which a TASER CED was used by law enforcement officers in connection with arrests or training. While the facts vary from case to case, these product liability claims typically allege defective product design, manufacturing, and/or failure to warn.  They seek compensatory and sometimes punitive damages, often in unspecified amounts.

We continue to aggressively defend all product litigation. As a general rule, it is our policy not to settle suspect injury or death cases. Exceptions are sometimes made where the settlement is strategically beneficial to us. Due to the confidential nature of our litigation strategy and the confidentiality agreements that are executed in the event of a settlement, we do not identify or comment on specific settlements by case or amount. Based on current information, we do not believe that the outcome of any such legal proceeding will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. We are self-insured for the first $5.0 million of any product claim made after 2014. No judgment or settlement has ever exceeded this amount in any products case. We continue to maintain product liability insurance coverage, including an insurance policy fronting arrangement, above our self-insured retention with various limits depending on the policy period.

The litigation information in this note is current through the date of these financial statements.

U.S. Federal Trade Commission Litigation

The U.S. Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) filed an enforcement action on January 3, 2020 regarding Axon’s May 2018 acquisition of Vievu LLC from Safariland LLC. The FTC alleges the merger was anticompetitive and adversely affected the body worn camera (“BWC”) and digital evidence management systems (“DEMS”) market for “large metropolitan police departments.” The stay of the administrative proceedings due to the COVID-19 pandemic lifted July 7, 2020 and fact and expert discovery is now complete. On October 2, 2020, the Ninth Circuit stayed the administrative hearing scheduled for October 13, 2020 pending decision on Axon’s appeal in the related matter discussed below. If ultimately successful, the FTC may require us to divest Vievu and other assets or take other remedial measures, any of which could be material to Axon. We are vigorously defending the matter. At this time, we cannot predict the eventual scope, duration, or outcome of the proceeding and accordingly we have not recorded any liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Separately, on January 3, 2020, Axon sued the FTC in federal court in the District of Arizona for declaratory and injunctive relief alleging the FTC’s structure and administrative processes violate Article II of the U.S. Constitution and

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our Fifth Amendment rights to due process and equal protection. On April 8, 2020, the district court dismissed the action, without prejudice, for lack of jurisdiction, requiring Axon to first bring its constitutional claims in the administrative case. Axon appealed that ruling to the Ninth Circuit (No. 20-15662), which granted expedited consideration and heard oral argument on July 17, 2020.  The matter is now under advisement.

In parallel to these matters, we are evaluating strategic alternatives to litigation, which we might pursue if determined to be in the best interests of shareholders and customers. This could include a divestiture of the Vievu entity and/or related assets and the licensure of certain intellectual and other intangible property. While we continue to believe the acquisition of Vievu was lawful and a benefit to Vievu’s customers, the cost, risk and distraction of protracted litigation merit consideration of settlement if achievable on terms agreeable to the FTC and us.

General

From time to time, we are notified that we may be a party to a lawsuit or that a claim is being made against us. It is our policy to not disclose the specifics of any claim or threatened lawsuit until the summons and complaint are actually served on us. After carefully assessing the claim, and assuming we determine that we are not at fault or we disagree with the damages or relief demanded, we vigorously defend any lawsuit filed against us. We record a liability when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. When losses are deemed reasonably possible but not probable, we determine whether it is possible to provide an estimate of the amount of the loss or range of possible losses for the claim, if material for disclosure. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood of our prevailing, the availability of insurance, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update accruals as matters progress over time.

Based on our assessment of outstanding litigation and claims as of September 30, 2020, we have determined that it is not reasonably possible that these lawsuits will individually, or in the aggregate, materially affect our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. However, the outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain and there can be no assurance that any expense, liability or damages that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will be covered by our insurance or will not be in excess of amounts recognized or provided by insurance coverage and will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition or cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Under certain circumstances, we use letters of credit and surety bonds to guarantee our performance under various contracts, principally in connection with the installation and integration of Axon cameras and related technologies. Certain of our letters of credit and surety bonds have stated expiration dates with others being released as the contractual performance terms are completed. At September 30, 2020, we had outstanding letters of credit of $6.1 million that are expected to expire in June 2021 and September 2021. We also had outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees of $2.0 million that do not draw against our credit facility. The outstanding letters of credit are expected to expire in June 2021. Additionally, we had $24.0 million of outstanding surety bonds at September 30, 2020, with $0.1 million expiring in 2020, $2.7 million expiring in 2021, $3.2 million expiring in 2022, $7.5 million expiring in 2023 and the remaining $10.5 million expiring in 2024.

14. Employee Benefit Plans

We have a defined contribution 401(k) plan for eligible employees, which is qualified under Sections 401(a) and 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Employees are entitled to make tax-deferred contributions of up to the maximum amount allowed by law of their eligible compensation.

We also have a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for certain executives, employees and non-employee directors through which participants may elect to postpone the receipt and taxation of a portion of their compensation,

26

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

including stock-based compensation, received from us. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan allows eligible participants to defer up to 80% of their base salary and up to 100% of other types of compensation. The plan also allows for matching and discretionary employer contributions. Employee deferrals are deemed 100% vested upon contribution. Distributions from the plan are made upon retirement, death, separation of service, specified date or upon the occurrence of an unforeseeable emergency. Distributions can be paid in a variety of forms from lump sum to installments over a period of years. Participants in the plan are entitled to select from a wide variety of investments available under the plan and are allocated gains or losses based upon the performance of the investments selected by the participant. All gains or losses are allocated fully to plan participants and we do not guarantee a rate of return on deferred balances. Assets related to this plan consist of corporate-owned life insurance contracts and are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets; see Note 8 for balances. Participants have no rights or claims with respect to any plan assets and any such assets are subject to the claims of our general creditors.

Contributions to the plans are made by both the employee and us. Our contributions to the 401(k) plan are based on the level of employee contributions and are immediately vested. Future matching contributions to the plans are at our sole discretion.

We also sponsor defined contribution plans in Australia, Finland, and the United Kingdom.

Our matching contributions for all defined contribution plans were $1.3 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and $4.1 million and $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

15. Segment Data

Our operations are comprised of 2 reportable segments: the manufacture and sale of CEDs, batteries, accessories, extended warranties and other products and services (the “TASER” segment); and the software and sensors business, which includes the sale of devices, wearables, applications, cloud and mobile products, and services (collectively, the “Software and Sensors” segment). In both segments, we report sales of products and services. Service revenue in both segments includes sales related to Axon Evidence. In the Software and Sensors segment, service revenue also includes other recurring cloud-hosted software revenue and related professional services. Collectively, this revenue is sometimes referred to as "Axon Cloud revenue." Our Chief Executive Officer, who is the CODM, is not provided asset information or sales, general, and administrative expense by segment.

Information relative to our reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020						Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
			Software and						Software and
	TASER		Sensors		Total		TASER		Sensors		Total
Net sales from products	$	83,517	$	36,574	$	120,091	$	71,424	$	25,073	$	96,497
Net sales from services		889		45,462		46,351		319		34,021		34,340
Net sales		84,406		82,036		166,442		71,743		59,094		130,837
Cost of product sales		31,297		26,501		57,798		26,504		15,941		42,445
Cost of service sales		0		10,404		10,404		0		8,223		8,223
Cost of sales		31,297		36,905		68,202		26,504		24,164		50,668
Gross margin	$	53,109	$	45,131	$	98,240	$	45,239	$	34,930	$	80,169
Research and development	$	3,355	$	25,891	$	29,246	$	3,485	$	21,644	$	25,129

27

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – (Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
			Software and						Software and
	TASER		Sensors		Total		TASER		Sensors		Total
Net sales from products	$	228,569		97,565	$	326,134	$	197,148	$	67,829	$	264,977
Net sales from services		2,222		126,507		128,729		558		93,474		94,032
Net sales		230,791		224,072		454,863		197,706		161,303		359,009
Cost of product sales		88,787		61,720		150,507		74,044		46,221		120,265
Cost of service sales		—		29,331		29,331		—		24,098		24,098
Cost of sales		88,787		91,051		179,838		74,044		70,319		144,363
Gross margin	$	142,004	$	133,021	$	275,025	$	123,662	$	90,984	$	214,646
Research and development	$	10,149	$	75,038	$	85,187	$	10,284	$	61,692	$	71,976

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition as of September 30, 2020, and results of operations For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2020. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those described under “Risk Factors” in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" on page ii of this Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

Axon is a global network of devices, apps, training and people that helps public safety personnel become smarter and safer. Our technologies give law enforcement the confidence, focus and time they need to protect their communities. Our products impact every aspect of an officer's day-to-day experience. Our core mission is to protect life. We fulfill that mission through developing hardware and software products that advance our long term vision of a) obsoleting the bullet, b) reducing social conflict, and c) enabling a fair and effective justice system.

Our revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were $166.4 million, an increase of $35.6 million, or 27.2%, from the comparable period in the prior year. We had a loss from operations of $5.4 million compared to income from operations of $6.6 million for the same period in the prior year. Gross margin declined compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019 primarily as a result of product mix and the fulfillment of several large shipments of lower-to-negative-margin body camera hardware to our largest customers. Increased operating expenses to support continued and future growth also contributed to the decline in operating results. Expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2020 also reflected an increase of $10.1 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the CEO Performance Award and XSPP. An increase in litigation costs also contributed to the higher selling, general and administrative expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a net loss of $0.9 million, which reflected an income tax benefit of $2.5 million, compared to net income of $6.1 million for the comparable period in the prior year.

Our revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $454.9 million, an increase of $95.9 million, or 26.7%, from the comparable period in the prior year. We had a loss from operations of $19.9 million compared to income from operations of $8.0 million for the same period in the prior year. Gross margin improved compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as a result of the mix of higher-margin software revenues, with improvement partially offset by the fulfillment of several large shipments of lower-to-negative-margin body camera hardware to our largest customers. Increased operating expenses to support continued and future growth also contributed to the decline in operating results. Expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 also reflected an increase of $44.8 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the CEO Performance Award and XSPP. An increase in litigation costs also contributed to the higher selling, general and administrative expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded a net loss of $27.6 million, which reflected income tax expense of $12.2 million, compared to net income of $13.3 million for the comparable period in the prior year.

COVID-19

In late 2019, COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread throughout the United States and world, has adversely affected workforces, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn. As an essential provider of products and services for law enforcement and other first responders, we remain focused on protecting the health and wellbeing of our employees while assuring the continuity of our business operations.

In response to the pandemic, Axon has taken a number of actions:

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Customer support:

● Free access to Axon Citizen cloud software to all public law enforcement agencies for the remainder of 2020 to enable social distancing;

● A partnership with the National Police Foundation to provide personal protective equipment (“PPE”) for first responders;

● An online support center for our customers, www.axon.com/covid-19-support-center; and

● Our annual Axon Accelerate user conference was held virtually in late August 2020.

Employee safety and manufacturing:

● Curbed all non-essential travel at the beginning of March;

● We continue to allow for a remote work model for office staff, with medical screening for any employees who do work in our offices; and

● Mitigating contamination risk in our facilities through staggered shifts, the use of PPE, increased distancing, cleaning standards that exceed CDC guidance, access to an onsite registered nurse, and paying or subsidizing certain high-risk employees while they stay at home.

Supply chain:

● We previously took steps to diversify our supply chain and global manufacturing footprint, which have positioned us well to manage through the pandemic. Thus far, we have been able to produce and ship our critical core products with little to no interruption.

● We have proactively built up a safety stock of inventory to help meet strong product demand while also preparing us to stagger factory work schedules.

● We are continuously monitoring our supply chain to manage through potential impacts, finding alternate sources when available or working with foreign regulators to ensure that our suppliers can provide parts.

Shareholder engagement:

● We have pivoted our shareholder engagement to a virtual format.

o Our annual meeting was held virtually on May 29, 2020;

o We completed a follow-on equity offering in June 2020 for which all related marketing was conducted virtually; and

o We will continue to participate in several upcoming investor conferences utilizing video conferencing. All investor materials and events are available at investor.axon.com.

We are in a strong liquidity position, with substantial cash and investments on hand, which are discussed in more detail under Liquidity and Capital Resources. We believe that our existing liquidity and other sources of funding will be sufficient to satisfy our currently anticipated cash requirements including capital expenditures, working capital requirements, potential acquisitions and other liquidity requirements through at least the next 12 months. Our expenses for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased by approximately $0.4 million and $4.1 million, respectively, for costs related to the pandemic. We expect ongoing increased costs related to the mitigation of contamination risk at our facilities. We expect these incremental costs will continue to be partially offset by savings on travel and events and other cost-savings measures.  

We have elected to participate in the social security deferral program offered under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, whereby we can defer payment of the employer portion of all social security taxes that would otherwise be payable from March 27, 2020 through December 31, 2020. Payment of the deferred amount is due 50% on December 31, 2021 and 50% on December 31, 2022.

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Results of Operations

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents data from our condensed consolidated statements of operations as well as the percentage relationship to total net sales of items included in our statements of operations (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019
Net sales from products	$	120,091	72.2	%	$	96,497	73.8	%
Net sales from services		46,351	27.8			34,340	26.2
Net sales		166,442	100.0			130,837	100.0
Cost of product sales		57,798	34.7			42,445	32.4
Cost of service sales		10,404	6.3			8,223	6.3
Cost of sales		68,202	41.0			50,668	38.7
Gross margin		98,240	59.0			80,169	61.3
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative		74,443	44.7			48,424	37.0
Research and development		29,246	17.6			25,129	19.2
Total operating expenses		103,689	62.3			73,553	56.2
Income (loss) from operations		(5,449)	(3.3)			6,616	5.1
Interest and other income, net		2,040	1.3			1,820	1.4
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(3,409)	(2.0)			8,436	6.5
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		(2,536)	(1.5)			2,332	1.8
Net income (loss)	$	(873)	(0.5)	%	$	6,104	4.7	%

The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019
United States	$	143,380	86	%	$	110,809	85	%
Other countries		23,062	14			20,028	15
Total	$	166,442	100	%	$	130,837	100	%

International revenue increased compared to the prior year comparable period, driven primarily by increased sales in the Americas, Asia Pacific, and Europe regions.

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Net Sales

Net sales by product line were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,								Dollar		Percent
	2020				2019				Change		Change
TASER segment:
TASER 7	$	21,702	13.0	%	$	20,214	15.4	%	$	1,488	7.4	%
TASER X26P		9,766	5.9			11,578	8.8			(1,812)	(15.7)
TASER X2		14,494	8.7			13,241	10.1			1,253	9.5
TASER Pulse		2,981	1.8			1,132	0.9			1,849	163.3
Cartridges		26,335	15.8			18,901	14.4			7,434	39.3
Axon Evidence and cloud services		692	0.4			218	0.2			474	217.4
Extended warranties		5,265	3.2			4,543	3.5			722	15.9
Other		3,171	1.9			1,916	1.5			1,255	65.5
Total TASER segment		84,406	50.7			71,743	54.8			12,663	17.7
Software and Sensors segment:
Axon Body		15,978	9.6			6,763	5.2			9,215	136.3
Axon Flex		1,589	1.0			1,670	1.3			(81)	(4.9)
Axon Fleet		4,215	2.5			4,341	3.3			(126)	(2.9)
Axon Dock		5,708	3.4			3,358	2.6			2,350	70.0
Axon Evidence and cloud services		45,450	27.3			34,022	26.0			11,428	33.6
Extended warranties		6,514	3.9			4,714	3.6			1,800	38.2
Other		2,582	1.6			4,226	3.2			(1,644)	(38.9)
Total Software and Sensors segment		82,036	49.3			59,094	45.2			22,942	38.8
Total net sales	$	166,442	100.0	%	$	130,837	100.0	%	$	35,605	27.2	%

Net unit sales for TASER segment products and Software and Sensors segment products were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,		Unit	Percent
	2020	2019	Change	Change
TASER 7	15,908	17,674	(1,766)	(10.0)
TASER X26P	8,119	10,766	(2,647)	(24.6)
TASER X2	10,078	9,819	259	2.6
TASER Pulse	12,811	3,923	8,888	226.6
Cartridges	852,980	566,347	286,633	50.6
Axon Body	62,873	22,037	40,836	185.3
Axon Flex	3,175	5,409	(2,234)	(41.3)
Axon Fleet	2,396	2,967	(571)	(19.2)
Axon Dock	9,165	3,724	5,441	146.1

Net sales for the TASER segment increased 17.7% primarily due to an increase of $7.4 million in cartridge revenue and a net increase of $2.8 million in TASER device sales. The increase in cartridge revenue was due to increased units and was partially offset by a decline in average selling prices. Revenue from consumer TASER Pulse devices increased due to a substantial increase in volume, partially offset by lower average selling prices. We continue to see a shift to purchases of our latest generation device, TASER 7, from legacy devices, especially X26P devices. Revenue was also impacted by higher average selling prices for TASER 7, X2, and X26P.

Net sales for the Software and Sensors segment increased 38.8% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 as we continued to add users and associated devices to our network. The increase in the aggregate number of users resulted in increased Axon Evidence revenue of $11.4 million. Sales of our newest generation body camera, Axon Body 3, which began shipping in September 2019, drove the increase of $9.2 million in Axon Body revenue and the increase of $2.4 million in Axon Dock revenue. The increase was partially due to the shipment of contractual hardware upgrades.

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We consider total company future contracted revenues a forward-looking performance indicator. As of September 30, 2020, we had approximately $1.51 billion of total company future contracted revenue, which included both recognized contract liabilities as well as amounts that will be invoiced and recognized in future periods. We expect to recognize between 20% - 25% of this balance over the next twelve months, and expect the remainder to be recognized over the following five to seven years, subject to risks related to delayed deployments, budget appropriation or other contract cancellation clauses. The continuing increase in future contracted revenues were driven by continued North American demand for body cameras and cloud software and TASER demand driven by the U.S. Federal and corrections markets.

Cost of Product and Service Sales

Within the TASER segment, cost of product sales increased to $31.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $26.5 million for the same period in 2019. Cost as a percentage of sales increased slightly to 37.1% from 36.9%. The increase was primarily a result of product mix during the quarter, as well as an increase of approximately $0.4 million in response to COVID-19, primarily related to costs for employee quarantines and paying or subsidizing certain high-risk employees while they stayed at home.

Within the Software and Sensors segment, cost of product and service sales increased to $36.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from $24.2 million for the same period in 2019. Cost as a percentage of sales increased to 45.0% from 40.9%. The decrease was driven by the fulfillment of several large shipments of lower-margin body camera hardware to our largest customers.

Gross Margin

As a percentage of net sales, gross margin for the TASER segment decreased slightly to 62.9% from 63.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily a result of product mix during the quarter.

As a percentage of net sales, gross margin for the Software and Sensors segment decreased to 55.0% from 59.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Within the Software and Sensors segment, hardware gross margin was 27.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 36.4% for the same period in 2019, while the service margins were 77.1% and 75.8% during those same periods, respectively. Hardware gross margin was impacted by the fulfillment of several large shipments of lower-margin body camera hardware to our largest customers, but was higher than previously anticipated for the quarter due to overall product mix.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were comprised as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Dollar		Percent
	2020			2019			Change		Change
Total sales, general and administrative expenses	$	74,443		$	48,424		$	26,019	53.7
Sales, general, and administrative as a percentage of net sales		44.7	%		37.0	%

Stock-based compensation expense increased $9.6 million in comparison to the prior year comparable period, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $4.4 million in expense related to the CEO Performance Award and an increase of $4.2 million related to our XSPP. As of September 30, 2020, eleven operational goals for the CEO Performance Award and XSPP are considered probable of attainment; during the prior year comparable period, only three operational goals were considered probable. Stock-based compensation expense also increased over the prior year comparable period due to an increase in headcount.

Professional, consulting and lobbying expenses increased $9.3 million, driven by an increase of $8.6 million in expenses related to the FTC litigation. As discussed in Note 13 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements within this Report on Form 10-Q, on January 3, 2020, we sued the FTC in the District of Arizona, and the FTC filed an enforcement action regarding our May 2018 acquisition of Vievu LLC. This litigation has resulted in an increase

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in legal expenses during the year ending December 31, 2020. While the amount and timing of such expenses is unknown and will vary depending on the progression of litigation, we currently anticipate expenses in the range of $19.0 million to $21.0 million for the year.

Salaries, benefits and bonus expense increased $5.4 million primarily due to an increase in headcount.

Partially offsetting the noted increases were decreases resulting from actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel expenses decreased $1.6 million following the suspension of all non-essential travel in mid-March 2020. Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.0 million compared to the prior year period, reflecting increased commissions tied to higher revenues.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development ("R&D") expenses were comprised as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Dollar		Percent
	2020			2019			Change		Change
Total research and development expenses	$	29,246		$	25,129		$	4,117	16.4
Research and development as a percentage of net sales		17.6	%		19.2	%

The increase in R&D expense was primarily attributable to our Software and Sensors segment. Within the TASER segment, R&D expense was flat, reflecting increased consulting expense in the current quarter, which was partially offset by lower compensation and benefits resulting from decreased headcount. R&D expense for the Software and Sensors segment increased $4.2 million, reflecting an increase of $2.1 million in salaries, benefits and bonus expense and an increase of $2.4 million in stock-based compensation expense.

Stock-based compensation expense increased in comparison to the prior year comparable period, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $1.4 million in expense related to our XSPP. As of September 30, 2020, eleven operational goals for the XSPP are considered probable of attainment; during the prior year comparable period, only three operational goals were considered probable. Stock-based compensation expense also increased over the prior year comparable period due to an increase in headcount. The remaining increase in salaries, benefits and bonus was primarily a result of increased headcount. Additionally, professional and consulting expenses increased $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 related to development of next generation products. The increases were partially offset by a decrease of $0.6 million in travel expense following the suspension of all non-essential travel in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We expect R&D expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we focus on growing the Software and Sensors segment as we add headcount and additional resources to develop new products and services to further advance our scalable cloud-connected device platform. We are investing in technologies that include our conducted energy devices, body cameras, in-car cameras and other sensors, artificial intelligence, digital evidence management, productivity software, communications software, and technologies that enable real-time situational awareness for public safety. We believe that these investments will result in an increase in our subscription revenue base, which over time will result in revenue increasing faster than the increase in SG&A expenses as we reach economies of scale.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest and other income (expense), net was $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $1.8 million for the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $1.0 million in realized gains on foreign currency. The increase was partially offset by a decrease of $0.9 million in interest income as a result of decreased interest rates during the current period.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was a benefit of $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an effective tax rate of 74.4%. Our estimated full year effective income tax rate for 2020, before discrete period adjustments, is (137.0%), which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the executive compensation limitation under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 162(m) on a projected pre-tax loss for the year. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted by a $0.7 million discrete tax benefit primarily associated with windfalls related to stock-based compensation for RSUs that vested or stock options that were exercised during the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $7.0 million to a loss of $0.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net income of $6.1 million for the same period in 2019. Net loss per basic and diluted share was $0.01 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $0.10 net income per basic and diluted share for the same period in 2019.

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020

Net Sales

Net sales by product line were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended				Three Months Ended				Dollar		Percent
	September 30, 2020				June 30, 2020				Change		Change
TASER segment:
TASER 7	$	21,702	13.0	%	$	11,588	8.2	%	$	10,114	87.3	%
TASER X26P		9,766	5.9			9,511	6.7			255	2.7
TASER X2		14,494	8.7			16,832	11.9			(2,338)	(13.9)
TASER Pulse		2,981	1.8			2,193	1.6			788	35.9
Cartridges		26,335	15.8			23,772	16.8			2,563	10.8
Axon Evidence and cloud services		692	0.4			586	0.4			106	18.1
Extended warranties		5,265	3.2			5,098	3.6			167	3.3
Other		3,171	1.9			910	0.5			2,261	248.5
TASER segment		84,406	50.7			70,490	49.7			13,916	19.7
Software and Sensors segment:
Axon Body		15,978	9.6			11,844	8.4			4,134	34.9
Axon Flex		1,589	1.0			680	0.5			909	133.7
Axon Fleet		4,215	2.5			4,098	2.9			117	2.9
Axon Dock		5,708	3.4			4,055	2.9			1,653	40.8
Axon Evidence and cloud services		45,450	27.3			41,891	29.7			3,559	8.5
Extended warranties		6,514	3.9			5,735	4.1			779	13.6
Other		2,582	1.6			2,466	1.8			116	4.7
Software and Sensors segment		82,036	49.3			70,769	50.3			11,267	15.9
Total net sales	$	166,442	100.0	%	$	141,259	100.0	%	$	25,183	17.8	%

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Net unit sales for TASER segment products and Software and Sensors segment products were as follows:

	Three Months Ended
			Unit	Percent
	September 30, 2020	June 30, 2020	Change	Change
TASER 7	15,908	9,014	6,894	76.5	%
TASER X26P	8,119	7,658	461	6.0	%
TASER X2	10,078	13,100	(3,022)	(23.1)	%
TASER Pulse	12,811	5,429	7,382	136.0	%
Cartridges	852,980	715,268	137,712	19.3	%
Axon Body	62,873	35,066	27,807	79.3	%
Axon Flex	3,175	1,964	1,211	61.7	%
Axon Fleet	2,396	2,327	69	3.0	%
Axon Dock	9,165	4,634	4,531	97.8	%

Net sales within the TASER segment increased by approximately $13.9 million or 19.7% as compared to the prior quarter. The largest driver of the increase was increased revenue from TASER 7 devices driven by higher unit sales and an increase in average selling prices. Additionally, cartridge revenue increased $2.6 million due to increased units, partially offset by a decline in average selling prices. The increases were partially offset by a decrease in revenue from X2 devices driven by a decrease in units.

Within the Software and Sensors segment, net sales increased $11.3 million or 15.9% during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior quarter. Revenue from Axon devices increased a combined $6.8 million primarily due to higher unit sales. Higher average selling prices for Axon Flex also contributed to the increase, while lower average selling prices for Axon Body cameras and docks partially offset the increase. Axon Evidence revenues increased $3.6 million primarily based on an increase in the aggregate number of users on our Axon network. The increase was partially due to the shipment of contractual hardware upgrades.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019

The following table presents data from our condensed consolidated statements of operations as well as the percentage relationship to total net sales of items included in our statements of operations (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019
Net sales from products	$	326,134	71.7	%	$	264,977	73.8	%
Net sales from services		128,729	28.3			94,032	26.2
Net sales		454,863	100.0			359,009	100.0
Cost of product sales		150,507	33.1			120,265	33.5
Cost of service sales		29,331	6.4			24,098	6.7
Cost of sales		179,838	39.5			144,363	40.2
Gross margin		275,025	60.5			214,646	59.8
Operating expenses:
Sales, general and administrative		209,763	46.1			134,678	37.6
Research and development		85,187	18.7			71,976	20.0
Total operating expenses		294,950	64.8			206,654	57.6
Income (loss) from operations		(19,925)	(4.3)			7,992	2.2
Interest and other income, net		4,594	0.9			5,978	1.7
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		(15,331)	(3.4)			13,970	3.9
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		12,227	2.7			709	0.2
Net income (loss)	$	(27,558)	(6.1)	%	$	13,261	3.7	%

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The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by geography (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020				2019
United States	$	368,390	81	%	$	298,736	83	%
Other Countries		86,473	19			60,273	17
Total	$	454,863	100	%	$	359,009	100	%

International revenue increased compared to the prior year comparable period, driven primarily by increased sales in the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe regions.

Net Sales

Net sales by product line were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,								Dollar		Percent
	2020				2019				Change		Change
TASER segment:
TASER 7	$	48,616	10.7	%	$	39,466	11.0	%	$	9,150	23.2	%
TASER X26P		30,338	6.7			37,832	10.5			(7,494)	(19.8)
TASER X2		45,401	10.0			40,413	11.3			4,988	12.3
TASER Pulse		6,374	1.4			2,920	0.8			3,454	118.3
Cartridges		76,732	16.8			57,354	16.0			19,378	33.8
Axon Evidence and cloud services		1,776	0.4			363	0.1			1,413	389.3
Extended warranties		15,340	3.4			13,341	3.7			1,999	15.0
Other		6,214	1.3			6,017	1.7			197	3.3
TASER segment		230,791	50.7			197,706	55.1			33,085	16.7
Software and Sensors segment:
Axon Body		40,645	8.9			18,820	5.2			21,825	116.0
Axon Flex		3,452	0.8			4,517	1.3			(1,065)	(23.6)
Axon Fleet		13,088	2.9			10,977	3.1			2,111	19.2
Axon Dock		14,714	3.2			9,401	2.6			5,313	56.5
Axon Evidence and cloud services		126,495	27.8			93,461	26.0			33,034	35.3
Extended warranties		17,707	3.9			14,064	3.9			3,643	25.9
Other		7,971	1.8			10,063	2.8			(2,092)	(20.8)
Software and Sensors segment		224,072	49.3			161,303	44.9			62,769	38.9
Total net sales	$	454,863	100.0	%	$	359,009	100.0	%	$	95,854	26.7	%

Net unit sales for TASER segment products and Software and Sensors segment products were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,		Unit	Percent
	2020	2019	Change	Change
TASER 7	36,352	34,644	1,708	4.9	%
TASER X26P	26,780	35,244	(8,464)	(24.0)	%
TASER X2	33,656	29,439	4,217	14.3	%
TASER Pulse	21,501	8,807	12,694	144.1	%
Cartridges	2,441,612	1,789,084	652,528	36.5	%
Axon Body	137,803	68,231	69,572	102.0	%
Axon Flex	8,213	12,508	(4,295)	(34.3)	%
Axon Fleet	7,399	7,143	256	3.6	%
Axon Dock	19,096	12,126	6,970	57.5	%

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Net sales for the TASER segment increased $33.1 million, or 16.7%, primarily due to an increase of $19.4 million in cartridge revenue, as well as a net increase of $10.1 million in TASER device sales. The increase in cartridge revenue was due to increased units and was partially offset by a decrease in average selling prices. TASER device unit sales increased for all TASER devices except X26P. Revenue was also impacted by higher average selling prices for TASER 7 and X26P devices, while average selling prices were lower for X2 and consumer Pulse devices.

Net sales for the Software and Sensors segment increased $62.8 million, or 38.9%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as we continued to add users and associated devices to our network. The increase in the aggregate number of users resulted in increased Axon Evidence revenue of $33.0 million. Sales of our newest generation body camera, Axon Body 3, which began shipping in September 2019, drove the increase of $21.8 million in Axon Body revenue and the increase of $5.3 million in Axon Dock revenue.

Cost of Product and Service Sales

Within the TASER segment, cost of product sales increased to $88.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $74.0 million for the same period in 2019. Cost as a percentage of sales increased to 38.5% from 37.5%. The increase in cost of product sales was primarily attributable to the mix of products, with higher cost per unit for TASER 7 handles and cartridges as well as higher depreciation on new production equipment for the TASER 7. Additionally, we incurred expense of approximately $2.0 million in response to COVID-19, primarily related to a two week manufacturing shutdown where we continued to pay nonworking employees, as well as costs for employee quarantines and paying or subsidizing certain high-risk employees while they stayed at home. The increases were partially offset by non-recurring costs incurred during the prior year comparable period of approximately $2.3 million for TASER 7 ramp-up and optimization costs related to scrap, obsolete inventory, and higher labor costs.

Within the Software and Sensors segment, cost of product and service sales increased to $91.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from $70.3 million for the same period in 2019. Cost as a percentage of sales decreased to 40.6% from 43.6%. Cost of product sales increased $15.5 million, but decreased as a percentage of sales as a result of product mix and the higher average selling price for Axon Body 3 cameras, which began shipping in September 2019. Cost of service sales increased $5.2 million, and decreased as a percentage of sales, driven by the mix of higher-margin software revenues.

Gross Margin

As a percentage of net sales, gross margin for the TASER segment decreased to 61.5% from 62.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease was primarily a result of the mix of higher cost TASER 7 devices and cartridges and expenses related to COVID-19.

As a percentage of net sales, gross margin for the Software and Sensors segment increased to 59.4% from 56.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Within the Software and Sensors segment, hardware gross margin was 36.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 31.9% for the same period in 2019, while the service margins were 76.8% and 74.2% during those same periods, respectively.

Sales, General and Administrative Expenses

Sales, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were comprised as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Dollar		Percent
	2020			2019			Change		Change
Total sales, general and administrative expenses	$	209,763		$	134,678		$	75,085	55.8	%
SG&A expenses as a percentage of net sales		46.1	%		37.6	%

Stock-based compensation expense increased $41.7 million in comparison to the prior year comparable period, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $24.7 million in expense related to the CEO Performance Award and an increase of $14.8 million related to our XSPP. As of September 30, 2020, eleven operational goals for the CEO

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Performance Award and XSPP are considered probable of attainment; during the prior year comparable period, only three operational goals were considered probable. Stock-based compensation expense also increased over the prior year comparable period due to an increase in headcount.

Professional, consulting and lobbying expenses increased $19.5 million, driven by an increase of $18.5 million in expenses related to the FTC litigation. As discussed in Note 13 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements within this Report on Form 10-Q, on January 3, 2020, we sued the FTC in the District of Arizona, and the FTC filed an enforcement action regarding our May 2018 acquisition of Vievu LLC. This litigation has resulted in an increase in legal expenses during the year ending December 31, 2020. While the amount and timing of such expenses is unknown and will vary depending on the progression of litigation, we currently anticipate expenses in the range of $19.0 million to $21.0 million for the year.

Salaries, benefits and bonus expense increased $9.9 million primarily due to an increase in headcount.

Charitable contributions increased $1.7 million, reflecting our donations of PPE under our Got You Covered campaign.

Partially offsetting the noted increases were decreases resulting from actions taken in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel expenses decreased $4.1 million following the suspension of all non-essential travel in mid-March 2020. Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.4 million compared to the prior year period, reflecting increased commissions tied to higher revenues, partially offset by savings driven by the cancellation of our in-person Axon Accelerate user conference.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development ("R&D") expenses were comprised as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Dollar		Percent
	2020			2019			Change		Change
Total research and development expenses	$	85,187		$	71,976		$	13,211	18.4	%
R&D expenses as a percentage of net sales		18.7	%		20.0	%

The increase in R&D expense was primarily attributable to our Software and Sensors segment. Within the TASER segment, R&D expense was flat, reflecting increased consulting expense in the current quarter, which was partially offset by lower compensation and benefits resulting from decreased headcount. R&D expense for the Software and Sensors segment increased $13.3 million, reflecting an increase of $6.1 million in salaries, benefits and bonus expense and an increase of $6.4 million in stock-based compensation expense.

Stock-based compensation expense increased in comparison to the prior year comparable period, which was primarily attributable to an increase of $5.3 million in expense related to our XSPP. As of September 30, 2020, eleven operational goals for the XSPP are considered probable of attainment; during the prior year comparable period, only three operational goals were considered probable. Stock-based compensation expense also increased over the prior year comparable period due to an increase in headcount. The remaining increase in salaries, benefits and bonus was primarily a result of increased headcount. Additionally, professional and consulting expenses increased $1.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 related to development of next generation products. The increases were partially offset by a decrease of $1.2 million in travel expense following the suspension of all non-essential travel in mid-March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

We expect R&D expense to continue to increase in absolute dollars as we focus on growing the Software and Sensors segment as we add headcount and additional resources to develop new products and services to further advance our scalable cloud-connected device platform. We are investing in technologies that include our conducted energy devices, body cameras, in-car cameras and other sensors, artificial intelligence, digital evidence management, productivity software, communications software, and technologies that enable real-time situational awareness for public safety. We believe that

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these investments will result in an increase in our subscription revenue base, which over time will result in revenue increasing faster than the increase in SG&A expenses as we reach economies of scale.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest and other income, net was $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $6.0 million for the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease of $1.7 million in interest income as a result of decreased interest rates during the current period.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was an expense of $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an effective tax rate of (79.8%). Our estimated full year effective income tax rate for 2020, before discrete period adjustments, is (137.0%), which differs from the federal statutory rate primarily due to the impact of the executive compensation limitation under IRC Section 162(m) on a projected pre-tax loss for the year. The effective tax rate was favorably impacted by a $6.6 million discrete tax benefit primarily associated with windfalls related to stock-based compensation for RSUs that vested or stock options that were exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $40.9 million to a net loss of $27.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net income of $13.3 million for the same period in 2019. Net loss per basic and diluted share was $0.45 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to net income per basic and diluted share of $0.22 for the same period in 2019.

Non-GAAP Measures

To supplement our financial results presented in accordance with GAAP, we present the non-GAAP financial measures of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award). Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating our performance in comparison to prior periods. We believe that both management and investors benefit from referring to these non-GAAP financial measures in assessing our performance, and when planning and forecasting our future periods. A reconciliation of GAAP to the non-GAAP financial measures is presented below.

● EBITDA (Most comparable GAAP Measure: Net income) - Earnings before interest expense, investment interest income, taxes, depreciation and amortization.

● Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) (Most comparable GAAP Measure: Net income) - Earnings before interest expense, investment interest income, taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash stock-based compensation expense.

Although these non-GAAP financial measures are not consistent with GAAP, management believes investors will benefit by referring to these non-GAAP financial measures when assessing our operating results, as well as when forecasting and analyzing future periods. However, management recognizes that:

● these non-GAAP financial measures are limited in their usefulness and should be considered only as a supplement to our GAAP financial measures;

● these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, our GAAP financial measures;

● these non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered to be superior to our GAAP financial measures; and

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● these non-GAAP financial measures were not prepared in accordance with GAAP and investors should not assume that the non-GAAP financial measures presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q were prepared under a comprehensive set of rules or principles.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award) reconciles to net income as follows (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,		September 30,		September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income (loss)	$	(873)	$	(30,759)	$	6,104	$	(27,558)	$	13,261
Depreciation and amortization		3,133		2,930		2,709		8,944		8,196
Interest expense		32		5		4		44		27
Investment interest income		(965)		(1,499)		(1,647)		(3,157)		(5,280)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes		(2,536)		18,696		2,332		12,227		709
EBITDA	$	(1,209)	$	(10,627)	$	9,502	$	(9,500)	$	16,913
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation expense		26,094		33,835		13,663		80,124		30,195
Adjusted EBITDA (CEO Performance Award)	$	24,885	$	23,208	$	23,165	$	70,624	$	47,108

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Summary

As of September 30, 2020, we had $176.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, an increase of $3.7 million as compared to December 31, 2019. Cash and cash equivalents and investments totaled $627.5 million, representing an increase of $231.2 million from December 31, 2019.

Our ongoing sources of cash include cash on hand, investments, and cash flows from operations. In addition, our $50.0 million revolving credit facility is available for additional working capital needs or investment opportunities. Under the terms of the line of credit, available borrowings are reduced by outstanding letters of credit. Advances under the line of credit bear interest at LIBOR plus 1.0 to 1.5% per year determined in accordance with a pricing grid based on our funded debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") ratio.

As of September 30, 2020, we had letters of credit outstanding of $6.1 million, leaving the net amount available for borrowing of $43.9 million. The facility matures on December 31, 2021, and has an accordion feature which allows for an increase in the total line of credit up to $100.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including the availability of additional bank commitments. There can be no assurance that we will continue to generate cash flows at or above current levels or that we will be able to maintain our ability to borrow under our revolving credit facility. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no borrowings under the line other than the outstanding letters of credit.

Our agreement with the bank requires us to comply with a maximum funded debt to EBITDA ratio, as defined, of no greater than 2.50 to 1.00 based upon a trailing four fiscal quarter period. At September 30, 2020, our funded debt to EBITDA ratio was 0.00 to 1.00.

TASER 60 installment purchase arrangements typically involve amounts invoiced in five equal installments at the beginning of each year of the five-year term. This is in contrast to a traditional CED sale in which the entire amount being charged for the hardware is invoiced upon shipment. This impacts liquidity in a commensurate fashion, with the cash for the TASER 60 arrangement received in five annual installments rather than up front. It is our strategic intent to shift an increasing amount of our business to a subscription model, to better match the municipal budgeting process of our customers as well as to allow for multiple product offerings to be bundled into existing subscriptions. We carefully considered the cash flow impacts of this strategic shift and regularly revisit our cash flow forecast with the goal of maintaining a comfortable level of liquidity as we introduce commercial offerings in which we incur upfront cash costs to produce and fulfill hardware sales ahead of the cash inflows from our customers. We anticipate, and have prepared for,

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the majority of our arrangements in both reportable segments to be offered in similar subscription-type offerings over the coming years. With the launch of the TASER 7, which is primarily being sold in subscription offerings, this strategic shift continues to accelerate.

Based on our strong balance sheet and the fact that we do not have long-term debt at September 30, 2020, we believe financing will be available, both through our existing credit line and possible additional financing. However, there is no assurance that such funding will be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. We believe that our sources of funding will be sufficient to satisfy our currently anticipated cash requirements including capital expenditures, working capital requirements, potential acquisitions and other liquidity requirements through at least the next 12 months. We and our Board of Directors may consider repurchases of our common stock from time to time pursuant to our stock repurchase plan. Further repurchases of our common stock would take place on the open market, would be financed with available cash and are subject to market and business conditions.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities (in thousands):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities	$	4,163	$	19,864
Investing activities		(300,294)		(162,925)
Financing activities		300,188		(3,162)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(303)		(678)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	3,754	$	(146,901)

Operating activities

Net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2020 of $4.2 million reflects $27.6 million in net loss, non-cash income statement items totaling $85.0 million, and a use of cash of $53.3 million for the net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the non-cash items were $8.9 million in depreciation and amortization expense, $80.1 million in stock-based compensation expense, and a $11.7 million increase in deferred tax assets, net. Cash used in operations was primarily driven by increased inventory of $59.4 million, as we proactively built up a safety stock of inventory to help meet strong product demand while also preparing us to stagger factory work schedules. Also contributing to the use of cash were increased accounts and notes receivable and contract assets of $48.6 million, which was attributable to increased sales over the last several quarters, primarily sales made under subscription plans. Partially offsetting the uses of cash were increases in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $25.4 million, and in deferred revenue of $34.1 million. The increase in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities was primarily attributable to accruals for professional services, inventory in transit, and taxes. The increase in deferred revenue was primarily attributable to increased hardware deferred revenue from TASER subscription sales, partially offset by a decrease in prepayments for Software and Sensors services.

Net cash provided by operating activities in the first nine months of 2019 of $19.9 million reflects $13.3 million in net income, non-cash income statement items totaling $40.4 million, and a negative impact on cash of $33.8 million for the net change in operating assets and liabilities. Included in the non-cash items were $8.2 million in depreciation and amortization expense and $30.2 million in stock-based compensation expense. Cash used in operations was impacted by increased accounts and notes receivable and contract assets of $30.5 million, decreased accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $13.5 million, increased inventory of $6.3 million, and increased prepaid expenses and other assets of $12.0 million. The increase in accounts and notes receivable and contract assets was attributable to increased sales over the last several quarters, primarily sales made under subscription plans. The decrease in accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities was primarily attributable to the timing of payments, and to payments made during 2019 for operating leases following our adoption of Topic 842. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily attributable to a $15.0 million prepayment related to a purchase agreement for cloud data storage that commenced in July 2019. Cash provided by operations was positively impacted by various other operating items, including increased deferred revenue of $28.5 million.

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Investing activities

We used $300.3 million in investing activities during the first nine months of 2020, which was comprised of $229.5 million for the purchase of investments, net of proceeds, $66.0 million for the purchase of property and equipment and intangible assets, and $4.7 million for an equity investment in an unconsolidated affiliate.

We used $162.9 million in investing activities during the first nine months of 2019, which was comprised of $150.5 million for the purchase of investments, net of proceeds, and $12.4 million for the purchase of property and equipment and intangible assets.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $300.2 million during the first nine months of 2020. During the first nine months of 2020, we completed an equity offering that generated net proceeds of $306.8 million and received proceeds from options exercised of $0.3 million; the proceeds were partially offset by payments of income and payroll taxes of $6.9 million on behalf of employees who net-settled stock awards during the period.

Net cash used in financing activities was $3.2 million during the first nine months of 2019. During the first nine months of 2019, we paid income and payroll taxes of $3.3 million on behalf of employees who net-settled stock awards during the period, which was partially offset by proceeds from options exercised of $0.1 million.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The discussion under the heading off-balance sheet arrangements in Note 13 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference herein.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We have identified the following accounting estimates as critical to our business operations and the understanding of our results of operations. The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. While we do not believe that a change in these estimates is reasonably likely, there can be no assurance that our actual results will not differ from these estimates. The effect of these estimates on our business operations are discussed below.

Stock-Based Compensation

We have historically granted stock-based compensation to key employees and non-employee directors as a means of attracting and retaining highly qualified personnel. Stock-based compensation awards primarily consist of service-based RSUs, performance-based RSUs, and performance-based options. Our stock-based compensation awards are classified as equity and measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. For service-based awards, we recognize RSU expense using the straight-line attribution method over the requisite service period. Vesting of performance-based RSUs and options is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance criteria related to our operating performance, as well as successful and timely development and market acceptance of future product introductions. For performance-based RSUs containing only performance conditions, compensation cost is recognized using the graded attribution model over the explicit or implicit service period. For awards containing multiple service, performance or market conditions, where all conditions must be satisfied prior to vesting, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which is defined as the longest explicit, implicit or derived service period, based on management’s estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied, adjusted at each balance sheet date. For both service-based and performance-based RSUs, we account for forfeitures as they occur as a reduction to stock-based compensation expense and additional paid-in-capital.

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For performance-based awards, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the expected performance achievement period of individual performance goals when the achievement of each individual performance goal becomes probable. For performance-based awards with a vesting schedule based entirely on the attainment of both performance and market conditions, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the longer of the expected achievement period of the performance and market conditions, beginning at the point in time that the relevant performance condition is considered probable of achievement. The fair value of such awards is estimated on the grant date using Monte Carlo simulations. Refer to Note 11 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements within this Report on Form 10-Q.

We have granted a total of 14.9 million performance-based awards (options and restricted stock units) of which 12.1 million are outstanding. As of September 30, 2020, the vesting of which is contingent upon the achievement of certain performance criteria including the successful development and market acceptance of future product introductions, our future sales targets and operating performance and market capitalization. Compensation expense for performance awards will be recognized based on management’s best estimate of the probability of the performance criteria being satisfied using the most currently available projections of future product adoption and operating performance, adjusted at each balance sheet date. Changes in the subjective and probability-based assumptions can materially affect the estimate of the fair value of the awards and timing of recognition of stock-based compensation and consequently, the related amount recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses

We are exposed to the risk of credit losses primarily through sales of products and services. Our expected loss allowance for accounts receivable, notes receivable, and contract assets represents management’s best estimate and application of judgment considering a number of factors, including historical collection experience, published or estimated credit default rates for entities that represent our customer base, current and future economic and market conditions and a review of the current status of customers' trade accounts receivables. Additionally, specific allowance amounts are established to record the appropriate provision for customers that have a higher probability of default. Our monitoring activities include account reconciliation, dispute resolution, payment confirmation, consideration of customers' financial condition and macroeconomic conditions. Balances are written off when determined to be uncollectible.

We review receivables for U.S. and international customers separately to better reflect different published credit default rates and economic and market conditions.

A majority of our customers are governmental agencies. Due to municipal government funding rules, certain of our contracts are subject to appropriation, termination for convenience, or similar cancellation clauses, which could allow our customers to cancel or not exercise options to renew contracts in the future. Economic slowdowns that negatively affect municipal tax collections and put pressure on law enforcement may increase this risk and negatively impact the realizability of our accounts and notes receivable and contract assets. We considered the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic and recorded additional credit loss expense of approximately $0.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Based on the balances of our financial instruments as of September 30, 2020, a hypothetical 25 percent increase in expected credit loss rates across all pools would result in a $0.7 million increase in the allowance for expected credit losses.

Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We typically invest in a limited number of financial instruments, consisting principally of investments in money market accounts, certificates of deposit, and corporate and municipal bonds with a typical long-term debt rating of “A” or better by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization, denominated in U.S. dollars. All of our cash equivalents and investments are treated as “held-to-maturity.” Investments in fixed-rate interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk as their market value may be adversely impacted due to a rise in interest rates. As a result, we may suffer

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losses in principal if we sell securities that have declined in market value due to changes in interest rates. However, because we classify our debt securities as “held-to-maturity” based on our intent and ability to hold these instruments to maturity, no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates. These securities are reported at amortized cost. Based on investment positions as of September 30, 2020, a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates across all maturities would result in a $1.9 million decline in the fair market value of the portfolio. Such losses would only be realized if we sold the investments prior to maturity.

Additionally, we have access to a $50.0 million line of credit borrowing facility which bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.0 to 1.5% per year determined in accordance with a pricing grid based on our funded debt to EBITDA ratio. Under the terms of the line of credit, available borrowings are reduced by outstanding letters of credit, which totaled $6.1 million at September 30, 2020. At September 30, 2020, there was no amount outstanding under the line of credit and the available borrowing under the line of credit was $43.9 million. We have not borrowed any funds under the line of credit since its inception; however; should we need to do so in the future, such borrowings could be subject to adverse or favorable changes in the underlying interest rate.

Exchange Rate Risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, in each case compared to the U.S. dollar, related to transactions by our foreign subsidiaries. The majority of our sales to international customers are transacted in foreign currencies and therefore are subject to exchange rate fluctuations on these transactions. The cost of our products to our customers increases when the U.S. dollar strengthens against their local currency, and we may have more sales and expenses denominated in foreign currencies in future years which could increase our foreign exchange rate risk. Additionally, intercompany sales to our non-U.S. dollar functional currency international subsidiaries are transacted in U.S. dollars which could increase our foreign exchange rate risk caused by foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

To date, we have not engaged in any currency hedging activities. However, we may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts with financial institutions to protect against foreign exchange risks associated with certain existing assets and liabilities, certain firmly committed transactions, forecasted future cash flows and net investments in foreign subsidiaries. However, we may choose not to hedge certain foreign exchange exposures for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. As such, fluctuations in currency exchange rates could harm our business in the future.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2020.

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the potential impact of COVID-19 on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

The discussion under the headings Product Litigation, Other Litigation, and U.S. Federal Trade Commission Investigation in Note 13 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

Except as noted below, there are no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and the trading price of our common stock.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted worldwide economic conditions and could have a material adverse effect on our operations and business.

In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared coronavirus (or “COVID-19”) a global pandemic. This contagious disease outbreak, which has continued to spread throughout the United States and world, has adversely affected workforces, economies, and financial markets globally, leading to an economic downturn. As an essential provider of products and services for law enforcement and other first responders, we remain focused on protecting the health and well-being of our employees while assuring the continuity of our business operations.

​
COVID-19-related risks that may affect our operations and financial results include, but are not limited to:

● Manufacturing disruptions at our Scottsdale headquarters or at our suppliers;

● A change in our classification as an essential business that impairs our ability to continue operating;

● Economic slowdowns that negatively affect municipal and state tax collections and put pressure on law enforcement budgets that in turn increases the risk that our customers will be unable to appropriate funds for existing or future contracts with us; this could also affect customer demand and ability to pay, cause decreases in sales, and negatively impact the realizability of our accounts and notes receivable and contract assets;

● Existing and potential increased costs relating to personal protective equipment, which we are sourcing for our employees and customers;

● Costs incurred to shut down and decontaminate our facilities if the virus is detected;

● Extended illness, incapacitation or death of key personnel or executives;

● Ongoing governmental mandates to shutdown factories or limit travel and the movement of people;

● Compounding risk from second and third wave infections around the world, including in the U.S.; and

● Additional airline bankruptcies or further reduction in very limited global freight capacity that causes interruptions to our supply chain or extended supply chain.

These events have had and could continue to have an impact on our operations. If our backup and mitigation plans are not sufficient to minimize business disruption, our financial results could be adversely affected. The ultimate extent of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company is highly uncertain and will depend on future developments that cannot be predicted. We are continuously monitoring our operations and intend to take appropriate actions to mitigate the risks arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, but there can be no assurances that we will be successful in doing so.

Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

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Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

Item 5.    Other Information

Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.

On November 3, 2020, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors approved a modification to the definition of a metric for certain of our outstanding PSU awards. The Compensation Committee modified the definition of EBITDA contained in the award to adjust for major developments in the business that have driven additional expense that was not anticipated at the grant date, while fairly compensating management for delivering revenue and EBITDA performance during the 2018-2020 time period covered by the awards.

The number of shares that ultimately vest is based upon Axon's compounded annual revenue growth rate (80% of target shares) and our compounded annual EBITDA growth rate (20% of target shares) both compared to target for the three-year period ending December 31, 2020. The revenue metric was not adjusted. The EBITDA metric was adjusted to add back stock-based compensation expense attributable to the CEO Performance Award and XSPP and for this award modification, to add back expenses related to the FTC litigation, and to adjust for any other financial impacts related to a disposition of Vievu, should such disposition occur. For additional discussion of the FTC litigation and Vievu, refer to the discussion under the headings Product Litigation, Other Litigation, and U.S. Federal Trade Commission Investigation in Note 13 of the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The modification impacts outstanding awards for certain of our executive officers, specifically Patrick W. Smith, Jawad A. Ahsan, Luke S. Larson, and Joshua M. Isner. The following table shows information about the EBITDA portion of the PSU awards, as modified:

	Estimated future payouts under equity incentive awards
Name	Threshold (#)	Target (#)	Maximum (#)
Patrick W. Smith	6,224	12,448	24,896
Luke S. Larson	2,490	4,979	9,958
Jawad A. Ahsan	2,490	4,979	9,958
Joshua M. Isner	1,660	3,320	6,640

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Item 6.    Exhibits

10.1*	Auction Statement from the Company to the Arizona State Land Department
31.1*	Principal Executive Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
31.2*	Principal Financial Officer Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a)
32**	Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS*	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL

*     Filed herewith

**   Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.
Date:	November 6, 2020
		By:	/s/ PATRICK W. SMITH
			Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)
Date:	November 6, 2020	By:	/s/ JAWAD A. AHSAN
			Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and
			Accounting Officer)

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