Significant Accounting Policies | Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The Company makes estimates and assumptions in preparing its financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenue earned and expenses incurred during the reporting period. The Company evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis, including those estimates related to agreements, research collaborations and investments. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Concentration of Credit Risk The Company invests in cash and cash equivalents. The Company considers highly-liquid financial instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Highly liquid investments that are considered cash equivalents include money market funds, certificates of deposits, treasury bills and commercial paper. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these securities. The Company maintains its investments at one financial institution. Fair Value Measurements The Company reports its cash and cash equivalents at fair value as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 using the following inputs: · Level 1 includes quoted prices in active markets. The Company bases the fair value of money market funds and U.S. treasury securities on Level 1 inputs. · Level 2 includes significant observable inputs, such as quoted prices for identical or similar investments, or other inputs that are observable and can be corroborated by observable market data for similar securities. The Company uses market pricing and other observable market inputs obtained from third-party providers. It uses the bid price to establish fair value where a bid price is available. The Company does not have any investments where the fair value is based on Level 2 inputs. · Level 3 includes unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. The Company does not have any investments where the fair value is based on Level 3 inputs. If a financial instrument uses inputs that fall in different levels of the hierarchy, the instrument will be categorized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value calculation. The fair value of all cash and cash equivalents was based on Level 1 inputs at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Awards of and Proceeds from Grants During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company was awarded a National Institutes of Health (“ NIH”) grant totaling up to $1.5 million to support the Company’s on-going development of new technology to detect Alzheimer’s disease with a simple blood test. During the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company received reimbursements totaling $1.4 million and $0.4 million pursuant to previously announced NIH research grants, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company received reimbursements totaling $2.2 million and $0.8 million pursuant to NIH research grants, respectively. The Company records the proceeds from these grants as reductions to its research and development expenses. Non-cash Stock-based Compensation The Company recognizes non-cash expense for the fair value of all stock options and other share-based awards. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option valuation model (“Black-Scholes”) to calculate the fair value of stock options, using the single-option award approach and straight-line attribution method. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) , Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting , on January 1, 2019. Accordingly, for all options granted, it recognizes the resulting fair value as expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of each respective stock option, generally four years. The Company has granted share-based awards that vest upon achievement of certain performance criteria (“Performance Awards”). The Company multiplies the number of Performance Awards by the fair market value of its common stock on the date of grant to calculate the fair value of each award. It estimates an implicit service period for achieving performance criteria for each award. The Company recognizes the resulting fair value as expense over the implicit service period when it concludes that achieving the performance criteria is probable. It periodically reviews and updates as appropriate its estimates of implicit service periods and conclusions on achieving the performance criteria. Performance Awards vest and common stock is issued upon achievement of the performance criteria. Net Loss per Share The Company computes basic net loss per share on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted net loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding plus potential dilutive common shares outstanding using the treasury-stock method. Potential dilutive common shares consist of outstanding common stock options and warrants. There is no difference between the Company’s net loss and comprehensive loss. The Company included the following in the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data): Three months ended Six months ended June 30, June 30, 2019 2018 2019 2018 Numerator: Net loss $ (1,059) $ (2,452) $ (2,418) $ (4,613) Denominator: Shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted 17,162 6,838 17,162 6,739 Net loss per share, basic and diluted $ (0.06) $ (0.36) $ (0.14) $ (0.68) Dilutive common shares excluded from net loss per share, diluted 2,960 2,220 2,962 2,190 Common stock warrants excluded from net loss per share, diluted 9,127 - 9,127 - The Company excluded common stock options and warrants outstanding from the calculation of net loss per share, diluted, because the effect of including options and warrants outstanding would have been anti - dilutive. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The estimated fair value of certain financial instruments may be determined using available market information or other appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop estimates of fair value; therefore, the estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized or would be paid in a current market exchange. The effect of using different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may be material to the estimated fair value amounts. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are at cost, which approximates fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. Income Taxes The Company makes estimates and judgments in determining the need for a provision for income taxes, including the estimation of its taxable income or loss for each full fiscal year. The Company has accumulated significant deferred tax assets that reflect the tax effects of net operating loss and tax credit carryovers and temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Realization of certain deferred tax assets is dependent upon future earnings. The Company is uncertain about the timing and amount of any future earnings. Accordingly, it offsets these deferred tax assets with a valuation allowance. The Company may in the future determine that certain deferred tax assets will likely be realized, in which case it will reduce its valuation allowance in the period in which such determination is made. If the valuation allowance is reduced, the Company may recognize a benefit from income taxes in its statement of operations in that period. The Company classifies interest recognized pursuant to its deferred tax assets as interest expense, when appropriate. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements The Company has a single non-cancelable operating lease for approximately 6,000 square feet of office space in Austin, Texas that expires on December 31, 2020, which is used for the development of novel drugs. Prior to January 1, 2019, the Company accounted for leases in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 840. Under the previous leasing guidance, the Company expensed lease payments over the term of the lease and did not give recognition to any lease related assets or liabilities on its balance sheet. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 , Leases (ASC 842) which, as permitted by ASC Topic 842, is the date of initial application. The core principle of ASC Topic 842 is that a lessee should recognize the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. For operating leases, a lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, in the statement of financial position. The Company recognized a right-of-use asset and operating lease liability upon the adoption of ASU 2016-02 which increased total assets and total liabilities relative to such amounts prior to adoption. The Company utilized a discount rate of 5.5% to determine the present value of the future lease payments which represents the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. The impact of adopting ASC 842 on assets and liabilities recorded as of January 1, 2019 were as follows (in thousands): Assets Operating lease right-of-use asset $ 180 Liabilities Operating lease liabilities, current 90 Operating lease liabilities, non-current $ 90 The Company recorded a reduction of the non-current portion of the lease liability and an offsetting reduction in the right-of-use assets of $22,500 and $45,000 during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively. There was no change to the statement of operations or statement of cash flows during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 as a result of the adoption of ASC Topic 842. See additional information regarding leases in Note 5 – Commitments. |