RGC Resources (RGCO) 10-K1 Dec 232023 FY Annual reportFinancial data

Company Profile

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001069533
Entity Registrant Name	RGC Resources, Inc.
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-26591
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	VA
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1909697
Entity Address, Address Line One	519 Kimball Ave., N.E.
Entity Address, City or Town	Roanoke
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	24016
City Area Code	540
Local Phone Number	777-4427
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $5 Par Value
Trading Symbol	RGCO
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 184,883,216
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,031,762
Auditor Firm ID	423
Auditor Name	Brown Edwards & Company, L.L.P
Auditor Location	Roanoke, Virginia

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,512,431	$ 4,898,914
Accounts receivable, net	4,194,934	5,353,270
Materials and supplies	1,674,462	1,228,554
Gas in storage	11,185,601	16,916,651
Prepaid income taxes	3,227,544	3,087,755
Regulatory assets	2,854,276	1,877,468
Interest rate swaps	1,533,057	1,218,211
Other	612,957	967,496
Total current assets	26,795,262	35,548,319
UTILITY PROPERTY:
In service	318,369,891	290,940,683
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(85,752,798)	(80,242,946)
In service, net	232,617,093	210,697,737
Construction work in progress	14,966,458	19,163,337
Utility property, net	247,583,551	229,861,074
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
Regulatory assets	5,389,445	5,446,547
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	17,187,093	13,773,075
Benefit plan assets	1,901,902	749,341
Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net	1,163,594	1,057,079
Interest rate swaps	3,084,398	3,580,256
Other	624,095	293,552
Total other non-current assets	29,350,527	24,899,850
TOTAL ASSETS	303,729,340	290,309,243
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Current maturities of long-term debt	10,975,000	1,300,000
Line-of-credit	4,353,572	0
Dividends payable	1,978,400	1,915,317
Accounts payable	5,838,643	8,600,919
Capital contributions payable	0	804,506
Customer credit balances	1,972,132	1,400,770
Customer deposits	1,476,321	1,457,610
Accrued expenses	4,661,722	3,668,122
Regulatory liabilities	1,632,716	3,168,066
Other	30,281	0
Total current liabilities	32,918,787	22,315,310
LONG-TERM DEBT:
Notes payable	126,100,000	135,971,200
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(255,272)	(275,911)
Long-term debt, net	125,844,728	135,695,289
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Asset retirement obligations	10,792,831	10,204,079
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	13,029,376	12,277,796
Benefit plan liabilities	47,674	337,535
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	2,008,458	3,165,454
Regulatory liabilities	18,031,693	13,223,124
Other	323,168	0
Total deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	44,233,200	39,207,988
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 12)
Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $5 par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,015,254 and 9,820,535 shares in 2023 and 2022, respectively	50,076,270	49,102,675
Preferred stock, no par; authorized 5,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding in 2023 and 2022	0	0
Capital in excess of par value	44,430,786	41,479,459
Retained earnings	3,972,280	544,158
Accumulated other comprehensive income	2,253,289	1,964,364
Total stockholders’ equity	100,732,625	93,090,656
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 303,729,340	$ 290,309,243

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 5	$ 5
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	10,015,254	9,820,535
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	10,015,254	9,820,535
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
OPERATING REVENUES:
Revenues	$ 97,439,765	$ 84,165,222
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operations and maintenance	15,903,972	15,489,240
General taxes	2,324,314	2,285,203
Depreciation and amortization	9,764,678	8,948,923
Total operating expenses	79,761,285	69,248,547
OPERATING INCOME	17,678,480	14,916,675
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	2,084,990	73,327
Impairment of unconsolidated affiliates	0	(55,092,303)
Other income, net	646,528	1,456,983
Interest expense	5,618,805	4,497,929
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES	14,791,193	(43,143,247)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE (BENEFIT)	3,491,911	(11,410,645)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ 11,299,282	$ (31,732,602)
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.14	$ (3.48)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.14	$ (3.48)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic (in shares)	9,922,701	9,122,678
Diluted (in shares)	9,927,157	9,122,678
Gas Utility [Member]
OPERATING REVENUES:
Revenues	$ 97,325,307	$ 84,035,644
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	51,742,718	42,496,055
Non-utility [Member]
OPERATING REVENUES:
Revenues	114,458	129,578
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	$ 25,603	$ 29,126

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ 11,299,282	$ (31,732,602)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	(134,419)	4,451,551
Defined benefit plans	423,344	(951,753)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX	288,925	3,499,798
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	11,588,207	(28,232,804)
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	$ (134,419)	$ 4,451,551

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2021	$ 41,875,460	$ 19,705,387	$ 39,656,296	$ (1,535,434)	$ 99,701,709
Net income (loss)	0	0	(31,732,602)	0	(31,732,602)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	3,499,798	3,499,798
Exercise of stock options	43,750	83,064	0	0	126,814
Stock option grants	0	16,330	0	0	16,330
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(7,379,536)	0	(7,379,536)
Issuance costs	0	(54,175)	0	0	(54,175)
Issuance of common stock	7,183,465	21,728,853	0	0	28,912,318
Exercise of stock options	43,750	83,064	0	0	126,814
Stock option grants	0	16,330	0	0	16,330
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	49,102,675	41,479,459	544,158	1,964,364	93,090,656
Net income (loss)	0	0	11,299,282	0	11,299,282
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	288,925	288,925
Exercise of stock options	62,500	137,500	0	0	200,000
Stock option grants	0	21,560	0	0	21,560
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(7,871,160)	0	(7,871,160)
Issuance costs	0	(221,618)	0	0	(221,618)
Issuance of common stock	911,095	3,013,885	0	0	3,924,980
Exercise of stock options	62,500	137,500	0	0	200,000
Stock option grants	0	21,560	0	0	21,560
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 50,076,270	$ 44,430,786	$ 3,972,280	$ 2,253,289	$ 100,732,625

Consolidated Statements of St_2

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Stock options exercised (in shares)	12,500	8,750
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.79	$ 0.78
Common stock issued (in shares)	182,219	1,436,693

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$ 11,299,282	$ (31,732,602)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization	9,993,206	9,182,751
Cost of retirement of utility property, net	(824,637)	(630,262)
Stock option grants	21,560	16,330
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	(2,084,990)	(73,327)
Impairment of unconsolidated affiliates	0	55,092,303
Allowance for funds used during construction	(362,685)	(75,154)
Deferred income taxes	38,241	(14,258,294)
Other noncash items, net	(67,266)	317,169
Changes in assets and liabilities which provided (used) cash:
Accounts receivable and customer deposits, net	1,393,153	(646,362)
Inventories and gas in storage	5,285,142	(9,246,069)
Regulatory and other assets	(891,152)	3,949,270
Accounts payable, customer credit balances and accrued expenses, net	(91,522)	310,700
Regulatory liabilities	88,368	3,345,223
Total adjustments	12,497,418	47,284,278
Net cash provided by operating activities	23,796,700	15,551,676
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Expenditures for utility property	(25,306,524)	(25,461,000)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	(2,133,534)	(5,260,863)
Proceeds from disposal of utility property	37,940	105,985
Net cash used in investing activities	(27,402,118)	(30,615,878)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under line-of-credit	33,172,013	36,871,007
Repayments under line-of-credit	(28,818,441)	(54,499,904)
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured notes	1,103,800	39,286,000
Retirement of notes payable	(1,300,000)	(25,125,000)
Debt issuance expenses	(33,722)	(58,201)
Proceeds from issuance of stock	(3,903,362)	(28,984,957)
Cash dividends paid	(7,808,077)	(7,014,060)
Net cash provided by financing activities	218,935	18,444,799
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(3,386,483)	3,380,597
BEGINNING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	4,898,914	1,518,317
ENDING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	1,512,431	4,898,914
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest	5,299,959	4,269,900
Income taxes	$ 1,775,145	$ 2,290,000

Note 1 - Summary of Significant

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting and reporting standards established by the FASB and the SEC, including certain provisions allowed under the smaller reporting company exceptions. Rate Regulated Basis of Accounting 980, Regulated Operations 980 no 980 no Regulatory assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 2022 September 30 2023 2022 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 414,689 $ 193,518 Under-recovery of gas costs 1,383,340 1,316,580 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 797,804 — Accrued pension 243,017 237,911 Other deferred expenses 15,426 129,459 Total current 2,854,276 1,877,468 Utility Property: In service: Other 479,647 11,945 Construction work in progress: AFUDC 356,325 461,342 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,256,059 1,370,246 Accrued pension 3,786,265 3,894,561 Other deferred expenses 347,121 181,740 Total non-current 5,389,445 5,446,547 Total regulatory assets $ 9,079,693 $ 7,797,302 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ 146,861 $ 158,847 Rate refund 652,018 — Deferred income taxes 527,034 363,297 Supplier refunds 275,649 2,484,992 Other deferred liabilities 31,154 160,930 Total current 1,632,716 3,168,066 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Asset retirement obligations 10,792,831 10,204,079 Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 13,029,376 12,277,796 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 16,249,776 13,193,006 Deferred postretirement medical 1,781,917 30,118 Total non-current 41,853,900 35,704,999 Total regulatory liabilities $ 43,486,616 $ 38,873,065 Amortization of $213,450 and $156,467 of regulatory assets for the years ended September 30, 2023 2022 September 30, 2023 2022, September 30, 2023 2022 As of September 30, 2023 not Utility Property and Depreciation one Utility property is composed of the following major classes of assets: September 30 2023 2022 Distribution and transmission $ 286,200,652 $ 259,253,559 LNG storage 15,407,053 15,383,276 General and miscellaneous 16,762,186 16,303,848 Total utility property in service $ 318,369,891 $ 290,940,683 Provisions for depreciation are computed principally at composite straight-line rates over a range of periods. Rates are determined by depreciation studies, which are required to be performed at least every 5 years on the regulated utility assets of Roanoke Gas. The last depreciation study was completed and approved by the SCC staff in fiscal 2019. 2024. September 30, 2023 2022 The composite rates are composed of two one one not 980. The Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not 5 In fiscal 2020, two 2022, September 30, 2023, 2022, 3 Asset Retirement Obligations 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations The Company’s composite depreciation rates include a component to provide for the cost of asset retirement. As a result, the Company accrues the estimated cost of retirement of its utility plant through depreciation expense and creates a corresponding regulatory liability. The costs of retirement considered in the development of the depreciation component include those costs associated with the legal liability. Therefore, the ARO is reclassified from the regulatory cost of retirement obligation. If the legal obligations were to exceed the regulatory liability provided for in the depreciation rates, the Company would establish a regulatory asset for such difference with the anticipation of future recovery through rates charged to customers. In 2022, The following is a summary of the AROs: Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 10,204,079 $ 7,628,958 Liabilities incurred 91,670 236,926 Liabilities settled (180,865 ) (131,763 ) Accretion 677,947 397,692 Revisions to estimated cash flows — 2,072,266 Ending balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments not not three Customer Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses A reconciliation of changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 371,271 $ 242,010 Provision for credit losses 54,211 492,875 Recoveries of accounts written off 181,676 135,143 Accounts written off (451,994 ) (498,757 ) Ending balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271 Lease Accounting not third may 12 not Financing Receivables Inventories Unbilled Revenues not not September 30, 2023 2022 Income Taxes not not Debt Expenses Over/Under-Recovery of Natural Gas Costs may Fair Value one three • Level 1 • Level 2 1 not • Level 3 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 3 one three 9 13. Use of Estimates Excise and Sales Taxes not Earnings Per Share Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Net income (loss) $ 11,299,282 $ (31,732,602 ) Weighted-average common shares 9,922,701 9,122,678 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 4,456 — Diluted average common shares 9,927,157 9,122,678 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.14 $ (3.48 ) Diluted $ 1.14 $ (3.48 ) Stock Issue may During fiscal 2023, In March 2022, 2022 Business and Credit Concentrations No sales to individual customers accounted for more than 5% of total revenue in any period. No individual customer amounted to more than 5% of total accounts receivable at September 30, 2023 September 30, 2022. Roanoke Gas currently holds the only franchises and CPCNs to distribute natural gas in its service area. All franchises expire December 31, 2035. February 2027. Roanoke Gas is currently served by two one Derivative and Hedging Activities 815, Derivatives and Hedging The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy allows management to enter into derivatives for the purpose of managing the commodity and financial market risks of its business operations. The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative purposes. The key market risks that the Company may From time to time, the Company has entered into collars, swaps and caps for the purpose of hedging the price of natural gas in order to provide price stability during the winter months. The fair value of these instruments is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets with the offsetting entry to either under- or over-recovery of gas costs. Net income and other comprehensive income are not September 30, 2023 2022 The Company has five two April 1, 2022 September 30, 2022. three three No See Notes 7 13 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925 Year Ended September 30, 2022: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 5,617,251 $ (1,445,878 ) $ 4,171,373 Transfer of realized losses to interest expense 377,299 (97,121 ) 280,178 Net interest rate swaps 5,994,550 (1,542,999 ) 4,451,551 Defined benefit plans: Net losses arising during period (1,221,368 ) 314,379 (906,989 ) Amortization of actuarial gains (60,280 ) 15,516 (44,764 ) Net defined benefit plans (1,281,648 ) 329,895 (951,753 ) Other comprehensive income $ 4,712,902 $ (1,213,104 ) $ 3,499,798 The amortization of actuarial gains or losses are included as a component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs under other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Composition of AOCI: Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2021 $ (888,210 ) $ (647,224 ) $ (1,535,434 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 4,451,551 (951,753 ) 3,499,798 Balance September 30, 2022 3,563,341 (1,598,977 ) 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 $ 3,428,922 $ (1,175,633 ) $ 2,253,289 Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In January 2018, 2018 01, Leases (Topic 842 842 not September 30, 2023 not Recently Issued Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 one September 30, 2023. 2024. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standard–setting bodies are not not Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations.

Note 2 - Revenue

Note 2 - Revenue	12 Months Ended
Note 2 - Revenue	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]	2. REVENUE The Company assesses new contracts and identifies related performance obligations for promises to transfer distinct goods or services to the customer. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations have been satisfied. In the case of Roanoke Gas, the Company contracts with its customers for the sale and/or delivery of natural gas. The following tables summarize revenue by customer, product and income statement classification for the years ended September 30: 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 54,342,435 $ — $ 54,342,435 Commercial 33,083,485 — 33,083,485 Industrial and transportation 5,730,726 — 5,730,726 Other 1,122,710 114,458 1,237,168 Total contracts with customers 94,279,356 114,458 94,393,814 Alternative revenue programs 3,045,951 — 3,045,951 Total operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765 2022 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 46,915,892 $ — $ 46,915,892 Commercial 28,874,522 — 28,874,522 Industrial and transportation 5,671,884 — 5,671,884 Other 822,140 129,578 951,718 Total contracts with customers 82,284,438 129,578 82,414,016 Alternative revenue programs 1,751,206 — 1,751,206 Total operating revenues $ 84,035,644 $ 129,578 $ 84,165,222 Gas utility revenues Substantially all of Roanoke Gas’ revenues are derived from rates authorized by the SCC through its tariffs. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that these tariff-based revenues fall within the scope of ASC 606. All customers are billed monthly based on consumption as measured by metered usage with payments due 20 no Unbilled revenue is included in residential and commercial revenues in the preceding table. Natural gas consumption is estimated for the period subsequent to the last billed date and up through the last day of the month. Estimated volumes and approved tariff rates are utilized to calculate unbilled revenue. The following month, the unbilled estimate is reversed, the actual usage is billed and a new unbilled estimate is calculated. The Company obtains metered usage for industrial customers at the end of each month, thereby eliminating any unbilled consideration for these rate classes. Other revenues Other revenues primarily consist of miscellaneous fees and charges, utility-related revenues not no Alternative revenue program revenues ARPs, which fall outside the scope of ASC 606, 30 Customer accounts receivable and liabilities Accounts receivable, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, includes both billed and unbilled customer revenues, as well as amounts that are not Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits September 30, 2022 $ 3,697,431 $ 1,585,062 $ 1,400,770 $ 1,457,610 September 30, 2023 2,782,025 1,240,097 1,972,132 1,476,321 Increase (decrease) $ (915,406 ) $ (344,965 ) $ 571,362 $ 18,711 ( 1 The Company had no not

Note 3 - Regulatory Matters

Note 3 - Regulatory Matters	12 Months Ended
Note 3 - Regulatory Matters	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Public Utilities Disclosure [Text Block]	3. REGULATORY MATTERS The SCC exercises regulatory authority over the natural gas operations of Roanoke Gas. Such regulation encompasses terms, conditions and rates to be charged to customers for natural gas service, safety standards, service extension and depreciation. On December 2, 2022, January 1, 2023, On December 21, 2022, January 1, 2023, fourth 2023, October 1, 2023. 2023 2024. The Company has recorded a provision for refund, including interest, associated with customer billings for the difference between the interim rates and the settlement rates. The Company filed an application with the SCC for a new, five March 31, 2023, 2024 five September 30, 2028. July 7, 2023, five October 1, 2023. August 31, 2023, October 1, 2023. On May 16, 2022, August 2022, 30 56 30 2022 January 23, 2023 March 2023. March 1, 2023, On May 30, 2023, October 1, 2023. September 1, 2023, October 1, 2023. On June 2, 2022, On July 19, 2022, August 4, 2022, fourth 2022. September 29, 2023, one fourth 2023. two

Note 4 - Segment Information

Note 4 - Segment Information	12 Months Ended
Note 4 - Segment Information	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]	4. SEGMENT INFORMATION Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the Company's executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company uses operating income and equity in earnings to assess segment performance. Intersegment transactions are recorded at cost. The reportable segments disclosed herein are defined as follows: Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Information related to the segments of the Company are provided below: Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2023: Operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ — $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765 Depreciation 9,764,678 — — 9,764,678 Operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 84,062 17,678,480 Equity in earnings — 2,084,990 — 2,084,990 Interest expense 3,216,220 2,402,585 — 5,618,805 Income (loss) before income taxes 15,260,605 (553,378 ) 83,966 14,791,193 As of September 30, 2023: Total assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 17,182,772 $ 303,729,340 Gross additions to utility property 25,306,524 — — 25,306,524 Gross investment in affiliates — 2,133,534 — 2,133,534 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2022: Operating revenues $ 84,035,644 $ — $ 129,578 $ 84,165,222 Depreciation 8,948,923 — — 8,948,923 Operating income (loss) 15,104,946 (281,843 ) 93,572 14,916,675 Equity in earnings — 73,327 — 73,327 Impairment of investments in affiliates — (55,092,303 ) — (55,092,303 ) Interest expense 3,001,926 1,496,003 — 4,497,929 Income (loss) before income taxes 13,547,601 (56,784,957 ) 94,109 (43,143,247 ) As of September 30, 2022: Total assets $ 258,519,230 $ 13,838,108 $ 17,951,905 $ 290,309,243 Gross additions to utility property 25,461,000 — — 25,461,000 Gross investment in affiliates — 5,260,863 — 5,260,863

Note 5 - Other Investments

Note 5 - Other Investments	12 Months Ended
Note 5 - Other Investments	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure [Text Block]	5. OTHER INVESTMENTS Midstream owns a less than 1% equity investment in the LLC constructing the MVP. Midstream is also a less than 1% investor, accounted for under the cost method, in Southgate. Since inception, the MVP has encountered various legal and regulatory issues that have substantially delayed the completion of the project, including a period in 2022 May 2023, second 2023 While under construction, AFUDC has provided the majority of the income recognized by Midstream. The LLC temporarily suspended accruing AFUDC on the project for parts of 2021, 2022, 2023. June 2023 Actions by the Fourth Circuit in the second 2022 Midstream estimated the fair value of its investment in the LLC, with the assistance of a valuation specialist, using an income-based approach that primarily considered probability-weighted scenarios of discounted future cash flows based on the estimated project costs at completion and projected revenues. These scenarios reflected assumptions and judgments regarding the ultimate outcome of further matters relating to, or resulting from the Fourth Circuit rulings, as well as various other legal and regulatory matters affecting MVP and Southgate. Such assumptions and judgments also included certain potential additional delays and related cost increases that could result from unfavorable decisions on these proceedings and matters. Midstream’s analysis considered probability-weighted growth expectations from additional compression expansion opportunities, how ongoing or new legal and regulatory matters may second 2022. fourth 2022, Midstream reassesses the value of its investment in the LLC on at least a quarterly basis, and no 2023. 2023 June 2023, July 2023, first 2024. not The fair value of the investment in the LLC in fiscal 2022 3 September 30, 2023 2022, Funding for Midstream's investments has been provided through two June 2024, December 2024 three 7, 2024. The Company will participate in the earnings generated from the transportation of natural gas through both pipelines proportionate to its level of investment once the pipelines are placed in service. The investments in the LLC are included in the consolidated financial statements as follows: September 30 Balance Sheet location: 2023 2022 Other Assets: MVP $ 17,096,476 $ 13,689,370 Southgate 90,617 83,705 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 17,187,093 $ 13,773,075 Current Liabilities: MVP $ — $ 804,404 Southgate — 102 Capital contributions payable $ — $ 804,506 Years Ended September 30 Income Statement location: 2023 2022 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate $ 2,084,990 $ 73,327 September 30 2023 2022 Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment $ 9,683,797 $ 8,135,482 The change in the investment in unconsolidated affiliates is provided below: September 30 2023 2022 Cash investment $ 2,133,534 $ 5,260,863 Change in accrued capital calls (804,506 ) (1,336,131 ) Pre-tax impairment — (55,092,303 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 2,084,990 73,327 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 3,414,018 $ (51,094,244 ) Summary unaudited financial statements of MVP are presented below. Southgate financial statements, which are accounted for under the cost method, are not Income Statements Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 AFUDC $ 203,721,584 $ 6,883,069 Net other income 2,091,886 147,154 Net income $ 205,813,470 $ 7,030,223 Balance Sheets September 30 2023 2022 Assets: Current assets $ 795,787,358 $ 76,474,981 Construction work in progress 7,499,128,254 6,667,146,408 Other assets 11,639,586 8,021,877 Total assets $ 8,306,555,198 $ 6,751,643,266 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 236,947,158 $ 115,061,723 Capital 8,069,608,040 6,636,581,543 Total liabilities and equity $ 8,306,555,198 $ 6,751,643,266

Note 6 - Line-of-credit

Note 6 - Line-of-credit	12 Months Ended
Note 6 - Line-of-credit	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Debt Disclosure [Text Block]	6. LINE-OF-CREDIT On March 24, 2023, March 31, 2022 March 31, 2024. September 30, 2023, The Company's total available borrowing limits for the remaining term are as follows: Available As of Line-of-Credit September 30, 2023 $ 13,000,000 October 1, 2023 22,000,000 December 1, 2023 25,000,000 A summary of the line-of-credit follows: September 30 2023 2022 Available line-of-credit at year-end $ 13,000,000 $ 28,000,000 Outstanding balance at year-end 4,353,572 — Highest month-end balance outstanding 9,990,114 19,636,179 Average daily balance 1,877,527 6,233,620 Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances 5.16 % 1.15 % Interest rate at year-end 6.43 % 4.08 % Interest rate on unused line-of-credit 0.15 % 0.15 %

Note 7 - Long-term Debt

Note 7 - Long-term Debt	12 Months Ended
Note 7 - Long-term Debt	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Long-Term Debt [Text Block]	7. LONG-TERM DEBT On June 28, 2023, June 12, 2019 November 1, 2021, July 1, 2023. On March 24, 2023, September 24, 2021. April 1, 2023. April 3, 2023, 6 September 24, 2021. On March 31, 2022, June 30, 2022, 30 July 28, 2023, December 31, 2024. Long-term debt consisted of the following: September 30 2023 2022 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior notes payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 $ 30,500,000 $ 115,849 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.58 8,000,000 19,264 8,000,000 24,080 Unsecured term notes payable at 4.41 10,000,000 23,495 10,000,000 26,627 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.60 10,000,000 22,017 10,000,000 25,539 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR plus 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at TERM SOFR plus 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 33,666 10,000,000 28,674 Midstream: Unsecured term notes payable at TERM SOFR plus 2.00 23,000,000 23,386 21,896,200 18,553 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 6,621 14,000,000 9,029 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.20 41,667 3.14 9,375,000 1,571 9,875,000 3,929 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448 400,000 2.443 7,200,000 19,057 8,000,000 23,631 Total long-term debt $ 137,075,000 $ 255,272 $ 137,271,200 $ 275,911 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (10,975,000 ) — (1,300,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272 $ 135,971,200 $ 275,911 Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the related debt. As of September 30, 2023 2022 All of the debt agreements set forth certain representations, warranties and covenants to which the Company is subject, including financial covenants that limit consolidated long-term indebtedness to not not not 1, December 31, 2021, September 30, 2023 2022. The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt for the next five September 30, 2023 Year Ending September 30 Maturities 2024 $ 10,975,000 2025 24,600,000 2026 30,600,000 2027 1,600,000 2028 8,800,000 Thereafter 60,500,000 Total $ 137,075,000

Note 8 - Income Taxes

Note 8 - Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
Note 8 - Income Taxes	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	8. INCOME TAXES Under the provisions of ASC 740, 2018 five During fiscal 2022, 26 41 2022 2021 2021 2023 2022, not 2023 2023, 2020 2021 During fiscal 2022, 2021 2022 2023 2022, not 2023 In accordance with the SCC settlement agreement in relation to the Company’s non-gas rate application, the amortization of the R&D tax credit was halted effective August 1, 2023. September 30, 2023. During fiscal 2023, 26 48 Energy credit 2023 2023 The details of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Current income taxes: Federal $ 2,935,052 $ 2,494,942 State 650,238 523,571 Total current income taxes 3,585,290 3,018,513 Deferred income taxes: Federal (223,862 ) (11,160,425 ) State 262,103 (3,097,869 ) Total deferred income taxes 38,241 (14,258,294 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits: Federal (129,600 ) (165,652 ) State (2,020 ) (5,212 ) Total amortization of R&D tax credits (131,620 ) (170,864 ) Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 3,491,911 $ (11,410,645 ) Income tax expense for the years ended September 30, 2023 2022 Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Income (loss) before income taxes $ 14,791,193 $ (43,143,247 ) Corporate federal income tax rate 21 % 21 % Income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory rate $ 3,106,151 $ (9,060,082 ) State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense (benefit) 720,749 (2,033,695 ) Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations (162,228 ) (162,228 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits (131,620 ) (170,864 ) Net amortization of RNG tax credits (58,669 ) — Other, net 17,528 16,224 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 3,491,911 $ (11,410,645 ) The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: September 30 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Allowance for credit losses $ 39,938 $ 95,564 Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits 591,841 486,745 Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate 2,655,951 2,708,809 Accrued paid time off 149,087 150,075 Cost of gas held in storage 752,989 702,040 Deferred compensation 1,020,512 993,079 Accrued gas cost — 125,888 MVP impairment 14,180,759 14,180,759 Regulatory effect on tax credits 1,662,400 — Other 263,971 124,034 Total gross deferred tax assets 21,317,448 19,566,993 Deferred tax liabilities: Utility property 19,426,513 19,074,085 MVP investment 1,288,104 1,366,157 Interest rate swaps 1,188,533 1,235,126 Accrued gas cost 259,162 — Total gross deferred tax liabilities 22,162,312 21,675,368 Net deferred tax asset 1,163,594 1,057,079 Net deferred tax liability $ 2,008,458 $ 3,165,454 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets on a net basis by taxing jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2023 2022, ASC 740 not The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return and state income tax returns in Virginia and West Virginia, and thus subject to examinations by federal and state tax authorities. The IRS is currently examining the Company's 2018 2019 not September 30, 2023 2022; 2017, 2018 2019, one September 30, 2018 no September 30, 2020 no

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Retirement Benefits [Text Block]	9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company sponsors both a noncontributory pension plan and a postretirement plan. The pension plan covers all employees hired prior to January 2017 January 1, 2017, no 401 401 January 1, 2017. 401 The postretirement plan provides certain health care, supplemental retirement and life insurance benefits to retired employees who meet specific age and service requirements. Employees hired prior to January 1, 2000 Employers who sponsor defined benefit plans must recognize the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as an asset or liability in their statements of financial position and recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. For pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation, and for other postretirement plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated benefit obligation. The Company established a regulatory asset for the portion of the obligation expected to be recovered through rates in future periods. The regulatory asset is adjusted for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses. The portion of the obligation attributable to the unregulated operations of the holding company is recognized in other comprehensive income, with actuarial gains and losses recognized using the corridor method. The following table sets forth the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, the funded status of the plans, and amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 24,449,856 $ 24,776,968 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 27,268,456 $ 37,654,468 $ 12,416,546 $ 16,796,849 Service cost 366,537 648,289 45,897 97,802 Interest cost 1,372,098 1,013,115 620,622 443,721 Actuarial gain (1,031,160 ) (10,862,957 ) (1,331,541 ) (4,330,387 ) Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,228,307 ) (1,184,459 ) (503,076 ) (591,439 ) Benefit obligation at end of year $ 26,747,624 $ 27,268,456 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Change in fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 28,017,797 $ 38,914,107 $ 12,138,119 $ 15,882,342 Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes 89,171 (9,711,851 ) 1,384,270 (3,152,784 ) Employer contributions — — — — Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,228,307 ) (1,184,459 ) (503,076 ) (591,439 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 26,878,661 $ 28,017,797 $ 13,019,313 $ 12,138,119 Funded status $ 131,037 $ 749,341 $ 1,770,865 $ (278,427 ) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: Non-current assets $ 131,037 $ 749,341 $ 1,770,865 $ — Non-current liabilities — — — (278,427 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: Net actuarial loss, net of tax $ 1,168,687 $ 1,243,889 $ 6,946 $ 355,088 Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 1,168,687 $ 1,243,889 $ 6,946 $ 355,088 Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability): Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,029,282 $ 4,132,472 $ (1,813,071 ) $ (30,118 ) Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities) $ 4,029,282 $ 4,132,472 $ (1,813,071 ) $ (30,118 ) The Company expects that approximately $64,000, before tax, of AOCI will be recognized in net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2024 2024. The reduction in the benefit obligations for both the pension plan and postretirement plan was primarily attributed to actuarial gains resulting from the increase in the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligations. The following table details the actuarial assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations and net benefit cost of the pension plan and the accumulated benefit obligations and net benefit cost of the postretirement plan: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 5.63 % 5.15 % 5.63 % 5.16 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A Assumptions used to determine benefit costs: Discount rate 5.15 % 2.73 % 5.16 % 2.70 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 4.50 % 4.75 % 3.95 % 4.24 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A To develop the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption, the Company, with input from the Plans' actuaries and investment advisors, considered the historical returns and the future expectations for returns for each asset class, as well as the target asset allocation of each plan’s portfolio. Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Service cost $ 366,537 $ 648,289 $ 45,897 $ 97,802 Interest cost 1,372,098 1,013,115 620,622 443,721 Expected return on plan assets (1,232,597 ) (1,831,550 ) (464,046 ) (666,167 ) Recognized loss 316,724 146,402 — — Net periodic benefit cost $ 822,762 $ (23,744 ) $ 202,473 $ (124,644 ) Service cost is included in operations and maintenance expense in the consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic benefit costs are included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. The assumed health care cost trend rates used in measuring the accumulated benefit obligation for the postretirement plan are presented below: Pre 65 Post 65 2023 2022 2023 2022 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.30 % 6.00 % 5.20 % 5.20 % Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 3.94 % 5.20 % 3.94 % 5.20 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2075 2025 2075 2022 The health care cost trend rate assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reported. A change of 1% 1% Increase 1% Decrease Effect on total service and interest cost components $ 89,000 $ (74,000 ) Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 1,317,000 (1,117,000 ) The primary objectives of both plans' investment policies are to maintain investment portfolios that diversify risk through prudent asset allocation parameters, achieve asset returns that meet or exceed the corresponding actuarial assumptions and will provide for future benefits. The Company's pension plan allocation approach seeks to match the duration of the fixed income portion of the portfolio with the duration of the plan's liabilities. Such allocation is designed to reduce the overall volatility in the pension plan relative to the funded status. In fiscal 2023, Based on its most recent evaluation of returns for the asset classes within each plan's investment portfolio, the Company set the expected long-term rate of return for the pension plan and the postretirement plan for fiscal 2024 The Company’s target and actual asset allocation in the pension and postretirement plans as of September 30, 2023 2022 Pension Plan Postretirement Plan Target 2023 2022 Target 2023 2022 Asset category: Equity securities 25 % 27 % 13 % 30 % 43 % 48 % Debt securities 75 % 72 % — % 70 % 37 % 51 % Cash — % 1 % 87 % — % 20 % 1 % The plans assets are invested in mutual funds and common and collective investment trust ("CIT") funds that function like mutual funds. On September 30, 2022, September 30, 2022 October 3, 2022. September 30, 2022. The Company uses the fair value hierarchy described in Note 1 1 2 2 not Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 202,218 $ 202,218 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bonds Liability Driven Investment 16,446,813 — 16,446,813 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,000,525 3,000,525 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,256,767 2,256,767 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,222,733 2,222,733 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,082,801 1,082,801 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 481,309 481,309 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 463,907 463,907 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 721,588 721,588 — — Total $ 26,878,661 $ 10,431,848 $ 16,446,813 $ — Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 24,312,969 $ 24,312,969 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,172,296 1,172,296 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,172,714 1,172,714 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 486,184 486,184 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 873,634 873,634 — — Total $ 28,017,797 $ 28,017,797 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,640,622 $ 2,640,622 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 4,841,048 4,841,048 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,693,422 1,693,422 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,570,538 1,570,538 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 588,898 588,898 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 433,886 433,886 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 526,364 526,364 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 724,535 724,535 — — Total $ 13,019,313 $ 13,019,313 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 75,219 $ 75,219 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 5,644,954 5,644,954 — — Foreign Fixed Income 589,284 589,284 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,698,421 1,698,421 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,793,746 1,793,746 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth 182,823 182,823 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value 202,921 202,921 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 443,900 443,900 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 469,659 469,659 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 462,196 462,196 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 574,996 574,996 — — Total $ 12,138,119 $ 12,138,119 $ — $ — Each mutual fund or common collective trust fund has been categorized based on its primary investment strategy. Annual funding contributions to the pension plan and postretirement plan are made under advisement from the Company's actuaries and investment advisor based upon ERISA funding requirements. For the years ended September 30, 2023 2022, not 2024. The following table reflects expected future benefit payments: Pension Postretirement Fiscal year ending September 30 Plan Plan 2024 $ 1,335,133 $ 713,518 2025 1,400,453 707,987 2026 1,486,089 710,935 2027 1,591,928 724,277 2028 1,665,580 721,402 2029 - 2033 9,316,587 3,957,815 The Company established an NQDC Plan in fiscal 2021. not 2023 2022 Beginning deferred compensation balance $ 59,108 $ 35,344 Employer contributions — 33,280 Earnings (loss) 6,787 (9,516 ) Forfeitures (18,221 ) — Ending deferred compensation balance $ 47,674 $ 59,108 The Company sponsors a 401 may 401 first 401 January 1, 2017. Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Matching contribution $ 388,616 $ 357,293 Discretionary contribution 75,899 47,429

Note 10 - Common Stock Options

Note 10 - Common Stock Options	12 Months Ended
Note 10 - Common Stock Options	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock Option Plans [Member]
Notes to Financial Statements
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]	10. COMMON STOCK OPTIONS The KESOP provides for the issuance of common stock options to officers and certain other full-time salaried employees to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2023 ASC 718, Compensation Stock Compensation, September 30, 2022, six ten September 30, 2023. As the Company's stock options are not Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Expected volatility N/A 31.79 % Expected dividends N/A 2.77 % Expected exercise term (years) N/A 7 Risk-free interest rate N/A 2.89 % The underlying methods regarding each assumption are as follows: Expected volatility Expected dividend rate Expected exercise term Risk-free interest rate 7 Forfeitures Stock option transactions under the Company's plans are summarized below. Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) Options outstanding, September 30, 2021 45,250 $ 19.34 6.0 $ 213,898 Options granted 6,000 19.90 Options exercised (8,750 ) 14.49 Options forfeited (8,000 ) 27.87 Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 34,500 $ 18.69 5.7 $ 121,278 Options exercised (12,500 ) 16.00 Options outstanding, September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 ( 1 Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Weighted-average grant date option fair value $ — $ 5.39 Stock option expense 21,560 16,330 Intrinsic value of options exercised 46,921 58,944 Proceeds from exercise of stock options 200,000 126,814

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans	12 Months Ended
Note 11 - Other Stock Plans	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock Plans, Excluding Stock Options [Member]
Notes to Financial Statements
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]	11. OTHER STOCK PLANS Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan The Company offers a DRIP Plan to shareholders of record for the reinvestment of dividends and the purchase of up to $100,000 per year in additional shares of common stock of the Company. Under the DRIP, the Company issued 32,805 and 34,290 shares in 2023 2022 September 30, 2023 Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors The Board of Directors of the Company implemented the RSPD in 1997. may first may not The Company assumes all directors will complete their term and there will be no no The following table reflects the director compensation activity pursuant to the Plan: 2023 2022 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 108,127 $ 16.27 110,444 $ 15.05 Granted 14,080 21.25 13,538 21.55 Vested — — (15,855 ) 12.33 End of year balance 122,207 $ 16.84 108,127 $ 16.27 The fair market value of the Director Restricted Stock included in compensation during fiscal 2023 2022 2023 2022 2023 January 23, 2023. As of September 30, 2023 RGC Resources, Inc. Restricted Stock Plan The Board of Directors of the Company implemented the RSPO in 2017 may may The Company assumes all officers will complete their requirements and there will be no The following table reflects the officer compensation activity pursuant to the RSPO: 2023 2022 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 22,539 $ 23.44 11,836 $ 25.17 Granted — — 26,897 23.19 Vested (13,573 ) 23.61 (16,194 ) 24.29 End of year balance 8,966 $ 23.19 22,539 $ 23.44 The fair market value of the Officer Restricted Stock included as compensation during fiscal 2023 2022 September 30, 2023 Stock Bonus Plan Shares from the Stock Bonus Plan may 2023 2022 September 30, 2023

Note 12 - Commitments and Conti

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Long-Term Contracts Due to the nature of the natural gas distribution business, Roanoke Gas enters into agreements with suppliers and pipelines to contract for natural gas commodity purchases, storage capacity and pipeline delivery capacity. Roanoke Gas obtains most of its natural gas supply through a third September 30, 2023 September 2022 two March 2025. Natural Gas Contracts Year (In DTHs) 2023-2024 2,089,220 2024-2025 295,866 Total 2,385,086 In addition to the volumetric commitment above, the Company also has fixed price agreements to purchase approximately 1.1 million DTH, from October 2023 March 2024, Roanoke Gas also has contracts for pipeline and storage capacity which extend for various periods. These capacity costs and related fees are valued at tariff rates in place as of September 30, 2023 may ly $44,253,000 and $51,408,000 under the asset management, pipeline and storage contracts in fiscal years 2023 2022, September 30, 2023 Pipeline and Year Storage Capacity 2023 - 2024 $ 14,071,706 2024 - 2025 10,510,104 2025 - 2026 6,604,410 2026 - 2027 5,411,934 2027 - 2028 2,110,556 Thereafter 127,196 Total $ 38,835,906 Roanoke Gas maintains franchise agreements granted by the local cities and towns served by the Company. Roanoke Gas renewed its franchise agreements with the City of Roanoke, the City of Salem and the Town of Vinton in 2016 December 2035. September 30, 2023 Other Contracts The Company has a contract in place for approximately $1.2 million to complete the two gate stations that interconnect with the MVP. The Company maintains other agreements in the ordinary course of business covering various maintenance, equipment, user fees and service contracts. These agreements currently extend through December 2031 not Environmental Matters Roanoke Gas operated an MGP as a source of fuel for lighting and heating until the early 1950’s. not

Note 13 - Fair Value Measuremen

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	13. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy as defined in Note 1 September 30, 2023 2022 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,798,467 $ — $ 4,798,467 $ — Total $ 4,798,467 $ — $ 4,798,467 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,295,225 $ — $ 1,295,225 $ — Total $ 1,295,225 $ — $ 1,295,225 $ — The fair value of the interest rate swaps are determined by using the counterparty's proprietary models that include observable quoted market interest rates and interest rate futures as well as certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions. See Note 5 Under the asset management contract, a timing difference can exist between the payment for natural gas purchases and the actual receipt of such purchases. Payments are made based on a predetermined monthly volume with the price based on the weighted average first September 30, 2023 2022 first The Company’s non-financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis consist of its AROs. The AROs are measured at fair value at initial recognition based on expected future cash flows to settle the obligation. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, borrowings under line-of-credit, accounts payable (with the exception of the timing difference under the asset management contract), customer credit balances and customer deposits is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. In addition, the carrying amount of the variable rate line-of-credit is a reasonable approximation of its fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are not September 30, 2023 2022 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 1,300,000 $ — $ — $ 1,300,000 Notes payable 135,971,200 — — 130,266,252 Total $ 137,271,200 $ — $ — $ 131,566,252 The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of the fixed rate debt based on the underlying Treasury rate or other Treasury instrument with a corresponding maturity period and estimated credit spread extrapolated based on market conditions since the issuance of the debt. ASC 825, Financial Instruments, three

Note 14 - Leases

Note 14 - Leases	12 Months Ended
Note 14 - Leases	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]	14. LEASES During 2023, two five not three Other information related to leases were as follows: 2023 2022 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 48,900 $ 22,500 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations 325,688 — Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 3.1 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % N/A On September 30, 2023, 2024 $ 49,065 2025 43,065 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 Thereafter 369,600 Total minimum lease payments 548,206 Less imputed interest (194,757 ) Total $ 353,449

Note 15 - Subsequent Events

Note 15 - Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
Note 15 - Subsequent Events	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Subsequent Events [Text Block]	15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. There were no not

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting and reporting standards established by the FASB and the SEC, including certain provisions allowed under the smaller reporting company exceptions.
Public Utilities, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Rate Regulated Basis of Accounting 980, Regulated Operations 980 no 980 no Regulatory assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023 2022 September 30 2023 2022 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 414,689 $ 193,518 Under-recovery of gas costs 1,383,340 1,316,580 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 797,804 — Accrued pension 243,017 237,911 Other deferred expenses 15,426 129,459 Total current 2,854,276 1,877,468 Utility Property: In service: Other 479,647 11,945 Construction work in progress: AFUDC 356,325 461,342 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,256,059 1,370,246 Accrued pension 3,786,265 3,894,561 Other deferred expenses 347,121 181,740 Total non-current 5,389,445 5,446,547 Total regulatory assets $ 9,079,693 $ 7,797,302 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ 146,861 $ 158,847 Rate refund 652,018 — Deferred income taxes 527,034 363,297 Supplier refunds 275,649 2,484,992 Other deferred liabilities 31,154 160,930 Total current 1,632,716 3,168,066 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Asset retirement obligations 10,792,831 10,204,079 Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 13,029,376 12,277,796 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 16,249,776 13,193,006 Deferred postretirement medical 1,781,917 30,118 Total non-current 41,853,900 35,704,999 Total regulatory liabilities $ 43,486,616 $ 38,873,065 Amortization of $213,450 and $156,467 of regulatory assets for the years ended September 30, 2023 2022 September 30, 2023 2022, September 30, 2023 2022 As of September 30, 2023 not
Regulatory Depreciation and Amortization, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Utility Property and Depreciation one Utility property is composed of the following major classes of assets: September 30 2023 2022 Distribution and transmission $ 286,200,652 $ 259,253,559 LNG storage 15,407,053 15,383,276 General and miscellaneous 16,762,186 16,303,848 Total utility property in service $ 318,369,891 $ 290,940,683 Provisions for depreciation are computed principally at composite straight-line rates over a range of periods. Rates are determined by depreciation studies, which are required to be performed at least every 5 years on the regulated utility assets of Roanoke Gas. The last depreciation study was completed and approved by the SCC staff in fiscal 2019. 2024. September 30, 2023 2022 The composite rates are composed of two one one not 980. The Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not 5 In fiscal 2020, two 2022, September 30, 2023, 2022, 3
Asset Retirement Obligation [Policy Text Block]	Asset Retirement Obligations 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations The Company’s composite depreciation rates include a component to provide for the cost of asset retirement. As a result, the Company accrues the estimated cost of retirement of its utility plant through depreciation expense and creates a corresponding regulatory liability. The costs of retirement considered in the development of the depreciation component include those costs associated with the legal liability. Therefore, the ARO is reclassified from the regulatory cost of retirement obligation. If the legal obligations were to exceed the regulatory liability provided for in the depreciation rates, the Company would establish a regulatory asset for such difference with the anticipation of future recovery through rates charged to customers. In 2022, The following is a summary of the AROs: Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 10,204,079 $ 7,628,958 Liabilities incurred 91,670 236,926 Liabilities settled (180,865 ) (131,763 ) Accretion 677,947 397,692 Revisions to estimated cash flows — 2,072,266 Ending balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments not not three
Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Customer Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses A reconciliation of changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 371,271 $ 242,010 Provision for credit losses 54,211 492,875 Recoveries of accounts written off 181,676 135,143 Accounts written off (451,994 ) (498,757 ) Ending balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271
Lessor, Leases [Policy Text Block]	Lease Accounting not third may 12 not
Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Financing Receivables
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Inventories
Revenue [Policy Text Block]	Unbilled Revenues not not September 30, 2023 2022
Regulatory Income Taxes, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes not not
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Debt Expenses
Over/Under Recovery of Natural Gas Costs [Policy Text Block]	Over/Under-Recovery of Natural Gas Costs may
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value one three • Level 1 • Level 2 1 not • Level 3 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 3 one three 9 13.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates
Excise and Sales Taxes [Policy Text Block]	Excise and Sales Taxes not
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Earnings Per Share Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Net income (loss) $ 11,299,282 $ (31,732,602 ) Weighted-average common shares 9,922,701 9,122,678 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 4,456 — Diluted average common shares 9,927,157 9,122,678 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.14 $ (3.48 ) Diluted $ 1.14 $ (3.48 )
Stockholders' Equity, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Stock Issue may During fiscal 2023, In March 2022, 2022
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Business and Credit Concentrations No sales to individual customers accounted for more than 5% of total revenue in any period. No individual customer amounted to more than 5% of total accounts receivable at September 30, 2023 September 30, 2022. Roanoke Gas currently holds the only franchises and CPCNs to distribute natural gas in its service area. All franchises expire December 31, 2035. February 2027. Roanoke Gas is currently served by two one
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Derivative and Hedging Activities 815, Derivatives and Hedging The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy allows management to enter into derivatives for the purpose of managing the commodity and financial market risks of its business operations. The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative purposes. The key market risks that the Company may From time to time, the Company has entered into collars, swaps and caps for the purpose of hedging the price of natural gas in order to provide price stability during the winter months. The fair value of these instruments is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets with the offsetting entry to either under- or over-recovery of gas costs. Net income and other comprehensive income are not September 30, 2023 2022 The Company has five two April 1, 2022 September 30, 2022. three three No See Notes 7 13
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925 Year Ended September 30, 2022: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 5,617,251 $ (1,445,878 ) $ 4,171,373 Transfer of realized losses to interest expense 377,299 (97,121 ) 280,178 Net interest rate swaps 5,994,550 (1,542,999 ) 4,451,551 Defined benefit plans: Net losses arising during period (1,221,368 ) 314,379 (906,989 ) Amortization of actuarial gains (60,280 ) 15,516 (44,764 ) Net defined benefit plans (1,281,648 ) 329,895 (951,753 ) Other comprehensive income $ 4,712,902 $ (1,213,104 ) $ 3,499,798 The amortization of actuarial gains or losses are included as a component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs under other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Composition of AOCI: Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2021 $ (888,210 ) $ (647,224 ) $ (1,535,434 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 4,451,551 (951,753 ) 3,499,798 Balance September 30, 2022 3,563,341 (1,598,977 ) 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 $ 3,428,922 $ (1,175,633 ) $ 2,253,289
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In January 2018, 2018 01, Leases (Topic 842 842 not September 30, 2023 not Recently Issued Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 one September 30, 2023. 2024. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standard–setting bodies are not not
Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block]	Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations.

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_2

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2023 2022 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 414,689 $ 193,518 Under-recovery of gas costs 1,383,340 1,316,580 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 797,804 — Accrued pension 243,017 237,911 Other deferred expenses 15,426 129,459 Total current 2,854,276 1,877,468 Utility Property: In service: Other 479,647 11,945 Construction work in progress: AFUDC 356,325 461,342 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,256,059 1,370,246 Accrued pension 3,786,265 3,894,561 Other deferred expenses 347,121 181,740 Total non-current 5,389,445 5,446,547 Total regulatory assets $ 9,079,693 $ 7,797,302 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ 146,861 $ 158,847 Rate refund 652,018 — Deferred income taxes 527,034 363,297 Supplier refunds 275,649 2,484,992 Other deferred liabilities 31,154 160,930 Total current 1,632,716 3,168,066 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Asset retirement obligations 10,792,831 10,204,079 Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 13,029,376 12,277,796 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 16,249,776 13,193,006 Deferred postretirement medical 1,781,917 30,118 Total non-current 41,853,900 35,704,999 Total regulatory liabilities $ 43,486,616 $ 38,873,065
Public Utility Property, Plant, and Equipment [Table Text Block]	September 30 2023 2022 Distribution and transmission $ 286,200,652 $ 259,253,559 LNG storage 15,407,053 15,383,276 General and miscellaneous 16,762,186 16,303,848 Total utility property in service $ 318,369,891 $ 290,940,683
Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 10,204,079 $ 7,628,958 Liabilities incurred 91,670 236,926 Liabilities settled (180,865 ) (131,763 ) Accretion 677,947 397,692 Revisions to estimated cash flows — 2,072,266 Ending balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Beginning balance $ 371,271 $ 242,010 Provision for credit losses 54,211 492,875 Recoveries of accounts written off 181,676 135,143 Accounts written off (451,994 ) (498,757 ) Ending balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Net income (loss) $ 11,299,282 $ (31,732,602 ) Weighted-average common shares 9,922,701 9,122,678 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 4,456 — Diluted average common shares 9,927,157 9,122,678 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.14 $ (3.48 ) Diluted $ 1.14 $ (3.48 )
Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925 Year Ended September 30, 2022: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 5,617,251 $ (1,445,878 ) $ 4,171,373 Transfer of realized losses to interest expense 377,299 (97,121 ) 280,178 Net interest rate swaps 5,994,550 (1,542,999 ) 4,451,551 Defined benefit plans: Net losses arising during period (1,221,368 ) 314,379 (906,989 ) Amortization of actuarial gains (60,280 ) 15,516 (44,764 ) Net defined benefit plans (1,281,648 ) 329,895 (951,753 ) Other comprehensive income $ 4,712,902 $ (1,213,104 ) $ 3,499,798
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2021 $ (888,210 ) $ (647,224 ) $ (1,535,434 ) Other comprehensive income (loss) 4,451,551 (951,753 ) 3,499,798 Balance September 30, 2022 3,563,341 (1,598,977 ) 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 $ 3,428,922 $ (1,175,633 ) $ 2,253,289

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]	2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 54,342,435 $ — $ 54,342,435 Commercial 33,083,485 — 33,083,485 Industrial and transportation 5,730,726 — 5,730,726 Other 1,122,710 114,458 1,237,168 Total contracts with customers 94,279,356 114,458 94,393,814 Alternative revenue programs 3,045,951 — 3,045,951 Total operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765 2022 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 46,915,892 $ — $ 46,915,892 Commercial 28,874,522 — 28,874,522 Industrial and transportation 5,671,884 — 5,671,884 Other 822,140 129,578 951,718 Total contracts with customers 82,284,438 129,578 82,414,016 Alternative revenue programs 1,751,206 — 1,751,206 Total operating revenues $ 84,035,644 $ 129,578 $ 84,165,222
Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable [Table Text Block]	Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits September 30, 2022 $ 3,697,431 $ 1,585,062 $ 1,400,770 $ 1,457,610 September 30, 2023 2,782,025 1,240,097 1,972,132 1,476,321 Increase (decrease) $ (915,406 ) $ (344,965 ) $ 571,362 $ 18,711

Note 4 - Segment Information (T

Note 4 - Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 4 - Segment Information (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]	Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2023: Operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ — $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765 Depreciation 9,764,678 — — 9,764,678 Operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 84,062 17,678,480 Equity in earnings — 2,084,990 — 2,084,990 Interest expense 3,216,220 2,402,585 — 5,618,805 Income (loss) before income taxes 15,260,605 (553,378 ) 83,966 14,791,193 As of September 30, 2023: Total assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 17,182,772 $ 303,729,340 Gross additions to utility property 25,306,524 — — 25,306,524 Gross investment in affiliates — 2,133,534 — 2,133,534 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2022: Operating revenues $ 84,035,644 $ — $ 129,578 $ 84,165,222 Depreciation 8,948,923 — — 8,948,923 Operating income (loss) 15,104,946 (281,843 ) 93,572 14,916,675 Equity in earnings — 73,327 — 73,327 Impairment of investments in affiliates — (55,092,303 ) — (55,092,303 ) Interest expense 3,001,926 1,496,003 — 4,497,929 Income (loss) before income taxes 13,547,601 (56,784,957 ) 94,109 (43,143,247 ) As of September 30, 2022: Total assets $ 258,519,230 $ 13,838,108 $ 17,951,905 $ 290,309,243 Gross additions to utility property 25,461,000 — — 25,461,000 Gross investment in affiliates — 5,260,863 — 5,260,863

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tab

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 5 - Other Investments (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Investment [Table Text Block]	September 30 Balance Sheet location: 2023 2022 Other Assets: MVP $ 17,096,476 $ 13,689,370 Southgate 90,617 83,705 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 17,187,093 $ 13,773,075 Current Liabilities: MVP $ — $ 804,404 Southgate — 102 Capital contributions payable $ — $ 804,506 Years Ended September 30 Income Statement location: 2023 2022 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate $ 2,084,990 $ 73,327 September 30 2023 2022 Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment $ 9,683,797 $ 8,135,482 September 30 2023 2022 Cash investment $ 2,133,534 $ 5,260,863 Change in accrued capital calls (804,506 ) (1,336,131 ) Pre-tax impairment — (55,092,303 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 2,084,990 73,327 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 3,414,018 $ (51,094,244 )
Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]	Income Statements Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 AFUDC $ 203,721,584 $ 6,883,069 Net other income 2,091,886 147,154 Net income $ 205,813,470 $ 7,030,223 Balance Sheets September 30 2023 2022 Assets: Current assets $ 795,787,358 $ 76,474,981 Construction work in progress 7,499,128,254 6,667,146,408 Other assets 11,639,586 8,021,877 Total assets $ 8,306,555,198 $ 6,751,643,266 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 236,947,158 $ 115,061,723 Capital 8,069,608,040 6,636,581,543 Total liabilities and equity $ 8,306,555,198 $ 6,751,643,266

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Tables

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Line of Credit Available Credit Limit [Table Text Block]	Available As of Line-of-Credit September 30, 2023 $ 13,000,000 October 1, 2023 22,000,000 December 1, 2023 25,000,000
Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2023 2022 Available line-of-credit at year-end $ 13,000,000 $ 28,000,000 Outstanding balance at year-end 4,353,572 — Highest month-end balance outstanding 9,990,114 19,636,179 Average daily balance 1,877,527 6,233,620 Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances 5.16 % 1.15 % Interest rate at year-end 6.43 % 4.08 % Interest rate on unused line-of-credit 0.15 % 0.15 %

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]	September 30 2023 2022 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior notes payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 $ 30,500,000 $ 115,849 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.58 8,000,000 19,264 8,000,000 24,080 Unsecured term notes payable at 4.41 10,000,000 23,495 10,000,000 26,627 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.60 10,000,000 22,017 10,000,000 25,539 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR plus 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at TERM SOFR plus 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 33,666 10,000,000 28,674 Midstream: Unsecured term notes payable at TERM SOFR plus 2.00 23,000,000 23,386 21,896,200 18,553 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 6,621 14,000,000 9,029 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR plus 1.20 41,667 3.14 9,375,000 1,571 9,875,000 3,929 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448 400,000 2.443 7,200,000 19,057 8,000,000 23,631 Total long-term debt $ 137,075,000 $ 255,272 $ 137,271,200 $ 275,911 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (10,975,000 ) — (1,300,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272 $ 135,971,200 $ 275,911
Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt [Table Text Block]	Year Ending September 30 Maturities 2024 $ 10,975,000 2025 24,600,000 2026 30,600,000 2027 1,600,000 2028 8,800,000 Thereafter 60,500,000 Total $ 137,075,000

Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables)

Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 8 - Income Taxes (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Current income taxes: Federal $ 2,935,052 $ 2,494,942 State 650,238 523,571 Total current income taxes 3,585,290 3,018,513 Deferred income taxes: Federal (223,862 ) (11,160,425 ) State 262,103 (3,097,869 ) Total deferred income taxes 38,241 (14,258,294 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits: Federal (129,600 ) (165,652 ) State (2,020 ) (5,212 ) Total amortization of R&D tax credits (131,620 ) (170,864 ) Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 3,491,911 $ (11,410,645 )
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Income (loss) before income taxes $ 14,791,193 $ (43,143,247 ) Corporate federal income tax rate 21 % 21 % Income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory rate $ 3,106,151 $ (9,060,082 ) State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense (benefit) 720,749 (2,033,695 ) Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations (162,228 ) (162,228 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits (131,620 ) (170,864 ) Net amortization of RNG tax credits (58,669 ) — Other, net 17,528 16,224 Total income tax expense (benefit) $ 3,491,911 $ (11,410,645 )
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2023 2022 Deferred tax assets: Allowance for credit losses $ 39,938 $ 95,564 Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits 591,841 486,745 Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate 2,655,951 2,708,809 Accrued paid time off 149,087 150,075 Cost of gas held in storage 752,989 702,040 Deferred compensation 1,020,512 993,079 Accrued gas cost — 125,888 MVP impairment 14,180,759 14,180,759 Regulatory effect on tax credits 1,662,400 — Other 263,971 124,034 Total gross deferred tax assets 21,317,448 19,566,993 Deferred tax liabilities: Utility property 19,426,513 19,074,085 MVP investment 1,288,104 1,366,157 Interest rate swaps 1,188,533 1,235,126 Accrued gas cost 259,162 — Total gross deferred tax liabilities 22,162,312 21,675,368 Net deferred tax asset 1,163,594 1,057,079 Net deferred tax liability $ 2,008,458 $ 3,165,454

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_2

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 24,449,856 $ 24,776,968 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 27,268,456 $ 37,654,468 $ 12,416,546 $ 16,796,849 Service cost 366,537 648,289 45,897 97,802 Interest cost 1,372,098 1,013,115 620,622 443,721 Actuarial gain (1,031,160 ) (10,862,957 ) (1,331,541 ) (4,330,387 ) Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,228,307 ) (1,184,459 ) (503,076 ) (591,439 ) Benefit obligation at end of year $ 26,747,624 $ 27,268,456 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Change in fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 28,017,797 $ 38,914,107 $ 12,138,119 $ 15,882,342 Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes 89,171 (9,711,851 ) 1,384,270 (3,152,784 ) Employer contributions — — — — Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,228,307 ) (1,184,459 ) (503,076 ) (591,439 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 26,878,661 $ 28,017,797 $ 13,019,313 $ 12,138,119 Funded status $ 131,037 $ 749,341 $ 1,770,865 $ (278,427 ) Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: Non-current assets $ 131,037 $ 749,341 $ 1,770,865 $ — Non-current liabilities — — — (278,427 ) Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: Net actuarial loss, net of tax $ 1,168,687 $ 1,243,889 $ 6,946 $ 355,088 Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 1,168,687 $ 1,243,889 $ 6,946 $ 355,088 Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability): Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 4,029,282 $ 4,132,472 $ (1,813,071 ) $ (30,118 ) Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities) $ 4,029,282 $ 4,132,472 $ (1,813,071 ) $ (30,118 )
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 5.63 % 5.15 % 5.63 % 5.16 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A Assumptions used to determine benefit costs: Discount rate 5.15 % 2.73 % 5.16 % 2.70 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 4.50 % 4.75 % 3.95 % 4.24 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2023 2022 2023 2022 Service cost $ 366,537 $ 648,289 $ 45,897 $ 97,802 Interest cost 1,372,098 1,013,115 620,622 443,721 Expected return on plan assets (1,232,597 ) (1,831,550 ) (464,046 ) (666,167 ) Recognized loss 316,724 146,402 — — Net periodic benefit cost $ 822,762 $ (23,744 ) $ 202,473 $ (124,644 )
Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]	Pre 65 Post 65 2023 2022 2023 2022 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 6.30 % 6.00 % 5.20 % 5.20 % Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 3.94 % 5.20 % 3.94 % 5.20 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2075 2025 2075 2022
Schedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]	1% Increase 1% Decrease Effect on total service and interest cost components $ 89,000 $ (74,000 ) Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 1,317,000 (1,117,000 )
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan Target 2023 2022 Target 2023 2022 Asset category: Equity securities 25 % 27 % 13 % 30 % 43 % 48 % Debt securities 75 % 72 % — % 70 % 37 % 51 % Cash — % 1 % 87 % — % 20 % 1 % Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 202,218 $ 202,218 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bonds Liability Driven Investment 16,446,813 — 16,446,813 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,000,525 3,000,525 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,256,767 2,256,767 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,222,733 2,222,733 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,082,801 1,082,801 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 481,309 481,309 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 463,907 463,907 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 721,588 721,588 — — Total $ 26,878,661 $ 10,431,848 $ 16,446,813 $ — Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 24,312,969 $ 24,312,969 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,172,296 1,172,296 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,172,714 1,172,714 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 486,184 486,184 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 873,634 873,634 — — Total $ 28,017,797 $ 28,017,797 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,640,622 $ 2,640,622 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 4,841,048 4,841,048 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,693,422 1,693,422 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,570,538 1,570,538 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 588,898 588,898 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 433,886 433,886 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 526,364 526,364 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 724,535 724,535 — — Total $ 13,019,313 $ 13,019,313 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 75,219 $ 75,219 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 5,644,954 5,644,954 — — Foreign Fixed Income 589,284 589,284 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,698,421 1,698,421 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,793,746 1,793,746 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth 182,823 182,823 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value 202,921 202,921 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 443,900 443,900 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 469,659 469,659 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 462,196 462,196 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 574,996 574,996 — — Total $ 12,138,119 $ 12,138,119 $ — $ —
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]	Pension Postretirement Fiscal year ending September 30 Plan Plan 2024 $ 1,335,133 $ 713,518 2025 1,400,453 707,987 2026 1,486,089 710,935 2027 1,591,928 724,277 2028 1,665,580 721,402 2029 - 2033 9,316,587 3,957,815
NQDC Plan [Member]
Notes Tables
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]	2023 2022 Beginning deferred compensation balance $ 59,108 $ 35,344 Employer contributions — 33,280 Earnings (loss) 6,787 (9,516 ) Forfeitures (18,221 ) — Ending deferred compensation balance $ 47,674 $ 59,108
The 401K Plan [Member]
Notes Tables
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Matching contribution $ 388,616 $ 357,293 Discretionary contribution 75,899 47,429

Note 10 - Common Stock Options

Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Expected volatility N/A 31.79 % Expected dividends N/A 2.77 % Expected exercise term (years) N/A 7 Risk-free interest rate N/A 2.89 %
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]	Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value (1) Options outstanding, September 30, 2021 45,250 $ 19.34 6.0 $ 213,898 Options granted 6,000 19.90 Options exercised (8,750 ) 14.49 Options forfeited (8,000 ) 27.87 Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 34,500 $ 18.69 5.7 $ 121,278 Options exercised (12,500 ) 16.00 Options outstanding, September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 Years Ended September 30 2023 2022 Weighted-average grant date option fair value $ — $ 5.39 Stock option expense 21,560 16,330 Intrinsic value of options exercised 46,921 58,944 Proceeds from exercise of stock options 200,000 126,814

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Ta

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee Director Award Plan, Activity [Table Text Block]	2023 2022 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 108,127 $ 16.27 110,444 $ 15.05 Granted 14,080 21.25 13,538 21.55 Vested — — (15,855 ) 12.33 End of year balance 122,207 $ 16.84 108,127 $ 16.27
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]	2023 2022 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 22,539 $ 23.44 11,836 $ 25.17 Granted — — 26,897 23.19 Vested (13,573 ) 23.61 (16,194 ) 24.29 End of year balance 8,966 $ 23.19 22,539 $ 23.44

Note 12 - Commitments and Con_2

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Pipeline and Storage [Member]
Notes Tables
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Table Text Block]	Pipeline and Year Storage Capacity 2023 - 2024 $ 14,071,706 2024 - 2025 10,510,104 2025 - 2026 6,604,410 2026 - 2027 5,411,934 2027 - 2028 2,110,556 Thereafter 127,196 Total $ 38,835,906
Volumetric Obligations [Member]
Notes Tables
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Table Text Block]	Natural Gas Contracts Year (In DTHs) 2023-2024 2,089,220 2024-2025 295,866 Total 2,385,086

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurem_2

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,798,467 $ — $ 4,798,467 $ — Total $ 4,798,467 $ — $ 4,798,467 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,295,225 $ — $ 1,295,225 $ — Total $ 1,295,225 $ — $ 1,295,225 $ —
Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2022 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 1,300,000 $ — $ — $ 1,300,000 Notes payable 135,971,200 — — 130,266,252 Total $ 137,271,200 $ — $ — $ 131,566,252

Note 14 - Leases (Tables)

Note 14 - Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
Note 14 - Leases (Tables)	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes Tables
Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]	2023 2022 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 48,900 $ 22,500 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations 325,688 — Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 3.1 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % N/A
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]	2024 $ 49,065 2025 43,065 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 Thereafter 369,600 Total minimum lease payments 548,206 Less imputed interest (194,757 ) Total $ 353,449

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_3

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)			1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 01, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($) shares	Jun. 28, 2023	Apr. 03, 2023	Nov. 01, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 24, 2021 USD ($)	Aug. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Major Customers				62,200
Remaining Amounts of Regulatory Assets for which No Return on Investment During Recovery Period is Provided				$ 8,600,046
Regulatory Utility Assets Provision, Period (Year)				5 years
Public Utilities, Property, Plant and Equipment, Disclosure of Composite Depreciation Rate for Plants in Service				3.30%	3.28%
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Capitalized Interest				$ 76,785	$ 15,911
Public Utilities, Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Capitalized Cost of Equity				285,900	59,243
Unbilled Receivables, Current	$ 1,585,062			$ 1,240,097	$ 1,585,062
Deferred Charges, Amortization Period (Month)				12 months
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares) \| shares				182,219	1,436,693
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock				$ 3,903,362	$ 28,984,957
Number of Pipelines				2
Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 15,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 100 Basis Points, Due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-Term Debt	$ 5,000,000	$ 5,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 15,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate										2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 100 Basis Points, Due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount									$ 10,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate									2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate							2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate						2.443%		2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate											3.14%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Debt [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.15%, Due June 12, 2026 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate											3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.15% Due June 12, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 14,000,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 10,000,000
Energy Related Derivative [Member]
Derivative, Number of Instruments Held	0			0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative, Number of Instruments Held				5
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member]
Number of Major Customers				0
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage				5%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member]
Number of Major Customers	1			0	1
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| One Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage					5.10%
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage				5%
DRIP, Restricted Stock, Stock Option Exercises and ATM Activity [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares) \| shares				194,719	95,443
Equity Offering [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares) \| shares			1,350,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Common Stock			$ 27,000,000
Operations and Maintenance Expense [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset				$ 213,450	$ 156,467
Other Income [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset				237,911	206,679
Interest Expense [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset				$ 114,187	$ 114,187

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_4

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Regulatory assets	$ 2,854,276	$ 1,877,468
Utility property in service, other	479,647	11,945
Construction work in progress - AFUDC	356,325	461,342
Noncurrent regulatory assets	5,389,445	5,446,547
Total regulatory assets	9,079,693	7,797,302
Regulatory liabilities	1,632,716	3,168,066
Asset retirement obligations	10,792,831	10,204,079	$ 7,628,958
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	13,029,376	12,277,796
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	18,031,693	13,223,124
Total non-current	41,853,900	35,704,999
Total regulatory liabilities	43,486,616	38,873,065
Over-recovery of SAVE Plan Revenues [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	146,861	158,847
Rate Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	652,018	0
Deferred Income Tax Charge [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	527,034	363,297
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	16,249,776	13,193,006
Supplier Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	275,649	2,484,992
Other Deferred Liabilities [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	31,154	160,930
Other Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) [Member]
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	1,781,917	30,118
WNA [Member]
Regulatory assets	414,689	193,518
Regulatory Clause Revenues, under-Recovered [Member]
Regulatory assets	1,383,340	1,316,580
Under-recovery of RNG Revenues [Member]
Regulatory assets	797,804	0
Pension Costs [Member]
Regulatory assets	243,017	237,911
Noncurrent regulatory assets	3,786,265	3,894,561
Other Deferred Expenses [Member]
Regulatory assets	15,426	129,459
Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Noncurrent regulatory assets	1,256,059	1,370,246
Total regulatory assets	1,256,059	1,370,246
Other Assets [Member]
Noncurrent regulatory assets	$ 347,121	$ 181,740

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_5

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Composition of Utility Plant (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Distribution and transmission	$ 286,200,652	$ 259,253,559
LNG storage	15,407,053	15,383,276
General and miscellaneous	16,762,186	16,303,848
Total utility property in service	$ 318,369,891	$ 290,940,683

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_6

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$ 10,204,079	$ 7,628,958
Liabilities incurred	91,670	236,926
Liabilities settled	(180,865)	(131,763)
Accretion	677,947	397,692
Revisions to estimated cash flows	0	2,072,266
Ending balance	$ 10,792,831	$ 10,204,079

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_7

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Changes in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Beginning balance	$ 371,271	$ 242,010
Provision for credit losses	54,211	492,875
Recoveries of accounts written off	181,676	135,143
Accounts written off	(451,994)	(498,757)
Ending balance	$ 155,164	$ 371,271

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_8

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Net income (loss)	$ 11,299,282	$ (31,732,602)
Weighted-average common shares (in shares)	9,922,701	9,122,678
Options to purchase common stock (in shares)	4,456	0
Diluted average common shares (in shares)	9,927,157	9,122,678
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.14	$ (3.48)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.14	$ (3.48)

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_9

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income and Loss (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Unrealized gains (losses), before tax	$ 1,560,426	$ 5,617,251
Unrealized gains (losses), tax	(401,652)	(1,445,878)
Unrealized gains (losses)	1,158,774	4,171,373
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense, before tax	(1,741,437)	377,299
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense, tax	448,244	(97,121)
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	(1,293,193)	280,178
Net interest rate swaps, before tax	(181,011)	5,994,550
Net interest rate swaps, tax	46,592	(1,542,999)
Net interest rate swaps	(134,419)	4,451,551
Net gain (losses) arising during period, before tax	491,270	(1,221,368)
Net gain (losses) arising during period, tax	(126,453)	314,379
Net gain (losses) arising during period		(906,989)
Amortization of actuarial losses, before tax	78,813	(60,280)
Amortization of actuarial losses, tax	(20,286)	15,516
Amortization of actuarial losses	58,527	(44,764)
Net defined benefit plans, before tax	570,083	(1,281,648)
Net defined benefit plans, tax	(146,739)	329,895
Net defined benefit plans	423,344	(951,753)
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax	389,072	4,712,902
Other comprehensive income (loss), tax	(100,147)	(1,213,104)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	288,925	3,499,798
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Member]
Net gain (losses) arising during period	364,817
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 423,344	$ (951,753)

Note 1 - Summary of Signific_10

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Balance	$ 93,090,656	$ 99,701,709
Other comprehensive income (loss)	288,925	3,499,798
Balance	100,732,625	93,090,656
Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge, Parent [Member]
Balance	3,563,341	(888,210)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(134,419)	4,451,551
Balance	3,428,922	3,563,341
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	(1,598,977)	(647,224)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	423,344	(951,753)
Balance	(1,175,633)	(1,598,977)
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	1,964,364	(1,535,434)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	288,925	3,499,798
Balance	$ 2,253,289	$ 1,964,364

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregati

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Total contracts with customers	$ 94,393,814	$ 82,414,016
Alternative revenue programs	3,045,951	1,751,206
Operating revenues	97,439,765	84,165,222
Oil and Gas [Member] \| Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	54,342,435	46,915,892
Oil and Gas [Member] \| Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	33,083,485	28,874,522
Oil and Gas [Member] \| Industrial and Transportation [Member]
Total contracts with customers	5,730,726	5,671,884
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	1,237,168	951,718
Gas Utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	94,279,356	82,284,438
Alternative revenue programs	3,045,951	1,751,206
Operating revenues	97,325,307	84,035,644
Gas Utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	54,342,435	46,915,892
Gas Utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	33,083,485	28,874,522
Gas Utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Industrial and Transportation [Member]
Total contracts with customers	5,730,726	5,671,884
Gas Utility [Member] \| Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	1,122,710	822,140
Non-utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	114,458	129,578
Alternative revenue programs	0	0
Operating revenues	114,458	129,578
Non-utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] \| Oil and Gas [Member] \| Industrial and Transportation [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] \| Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	$ 114,458	$ 129,578

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Acc

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Trade accounts receivable		$ 4,194,934	$ 5,353,270
Unbilled revenue	[1]	1,240,097	1,585,062
Customer credit balances		1,972,132	1,400,770
Customer deposits		1,476,321	1,457,610
Increase (decrease) in Unbilled revenue	[1]	(344,965)
Increase (decrease) in Customer credit balances		571,362
Increase (decrease) in Customer deposits		18,711
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Trade accounts receivable	[1]	2,782,025	$ 3,697,431
Increase (decrease) in Trade accounts receivable	[1]	$ (915,406)

[1]Included in "Accounts receivable, net" in the consolidated balance sheet. Amounts shown net of reserve for bad debts.

Note 3 - Regulatory Matters (De

Note 3 - Regulatory Matters (Details Textual)				3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended		16 Months Ended
Note 3 - Regulatory Matters (Details Textual)	Jul. 07, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 02, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 19, 2022	Jun. 02, 2022
Public Utilities, Requested Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount			$ 8,550,000
Regulated Operating Revenue, SAVE Revenue			$ 4,050,000
Public Utilities, Approved Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount				$ 7,450,000
SAVE Plan and Rider for Recovery Costs, Term (Year)	5 years	5 years
Recovery Costs, SAVE Eligible Expenses		$ 8,500,000
Investments	$ 49,500,000	$ 49,500,000
SAVE Annual Revenues	$ 366,000
Public Utilities, Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Additions						$ 362,685	$ 75,154
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Requested Acquisition										5
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Approved Acquisition									2
Natural Gas Delivery Assets [Member] \| Housing Authority Management [Member]
Asset Acquisition, Recognized Pre-tax Gain				$ 311,000	$ 219,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member]
Public Utilities, Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Additions								$ 468,000

Note 4 - Segment Information -

Note 4 - Segment Information - Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Operating revenues	$ 97,439,765	$ 84,165,222
Depreciation	9,764,678	8,948,923
Operating income (loss)	17,678,480	14,916,675
Equity in earnings	2,084,990	73,327
Interest expense	5,618,805	4,497,929
Income (loss) before income taxes	14,791,193	(43,143,247)
Total assets	303,729,340	290,309,243
Gross additions to utility property	25,306,524	25,461,000
Gross investment in affiliates	2,133,534	5,260,863
Impairment of investments in affiliates	0	(55,092,303)
Operating Segments [Member] \| Gas Utility [Member]
Operating revenues	97,325,307	84,035,644
Depreciation	9,764,678	8,948,923
Operating income (loss)	17,827,485	15,104,946
Equity in earnings	0	0
Interest expense	3,216,220	3,001,926
Income (loss) before income taxes	15,260,605	13,547,601
Total assets	268,664,460	258,519,230
Gross additions to utility property	25,306,524	25,461,000
Gross investment in affiliates	0	0
Impairment of investments in affiliates		0
Operating Segments [Member] \| Investment in Affiliates [Member]
Operating revenues	0	0
Depreciation	0	0
Operating income (loss)	(233,067)	(281,843)
Equity in earnings	2,084,990	73,327
Interest expense	2,402,585	1,496,003
Income (loss) before income taxes	(553,378)	(56,784,957)
Total assets	17,882,108	13,838,108
Gross additions to utility property	0	0
Gross investment in affiliates	2,133,534	5,260,863
Impairment of investments in affiliates		(55,092,303)
Corporate, Non-Segment [Member]
Operating revenues	114,458	129,578
Depreciation	0	0
Operating income (loss)	84,062	93,572
Equity in earnings	0	0
Interest expense	0	0
Income (loss) before income taxes	83,966	94,109
Total assets	17,182,772	17,951,905
Gross additions to utility property	0	0
Gross investment in affiliates	$ 0	0
Impairment of investments in affiliates		$ 0

Note 5 - Other Investments (Det

Note 5 - Other Investments (Details Textual) - RGC Midstream LLC [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023
MVP Southgate Investment [Member]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners			1%
MVP [Member]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage			1%
Long Term Investment, Other than Temporary Impairment	$ 15.3	$ 39.8

Note 5 - Other Investments - Sc

Note 5 - Other Investments - Schedule of Other Investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 17,187,093	$ 13,773,075
Capital contributions payable	0	804,506
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	2,084,990	73,327
Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment	9,683,797	8,135,482
Cash investment	2,133,534	5,260,863
Change in accrued capital calls	(804,506)	(1,336,131)
Impairment of unconsolidated affiliates	0	(55,092,303)
Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates	3,414,018	(51,094,244)
MVP [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	17,096,476	13,689,370
Capital contributions payable	0	804,404
Southgate [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	90,617	83,705
Capital contributions payable	$ 0	$ 102

Note 5 - Other Investments - In

Note 5 - Other Investments - Investment in Unconsolidated Entity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Net other income	$ 646,528	$ 1,456,983
Net income (loss)	11,299,282	(31,732,602)
Current assets	26,795,262	35,548,319
Total assets	303,729,340	290,309,243
Current liabilities	32,918,787	22,315,310
Capital	100,732,625	93,090,656	$ 99,701,709
Total liabilities and equity	303,729,340	290,309,243
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Current assets	795,787,358	76,474,981
Construction work in progress	7,499,128,254	6,667,146,408
Other assets	11,639,586	8,021,877
Total assets	8,306,555,198	6,751,643,266
Current liabilities	236,947,158	115,061,723
Capital	8,069,608,040	6,636,581,543
Total liabilities and equity	8,306,555,198	6,751,643,266
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member] \| MVP [Member]
AFUDC	203,721,584	6,883,069
Net other income	2,091,886	147,154
Net income (loss)	$ 205,813,470	$ 7,030,223

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Detail

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 24, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 13,000,000	$ 28,000,000
Long-Term Line of Credit		$ 4,353,572	$ 0
Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 4,000,000
Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	25,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Revolving Note Maturing March 31, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 25,000,000
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.10%

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Avail

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Available Borrowing Limits (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Oct. 01, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Available Line of Credit			$ 13,000,000	$ 28,000,000
Line of Credit [Member]
Available Line of Credit			$ 13,000,000
Line of Credit [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Available Line of Credit	$ 25,000,000	$ 22,000,000

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Summa

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Summary of Line of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 13,000,000	$ 28,000,000
Outstanding balance at year-end	4,353,572	0
Highest month-end balance outstanding	9,990,114	19,636,179
Average daily balance	$ 1,877,527	$ 6,233,620
Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances	5.16%	1.15%
Interest rate at year-end	6.43%	4.08%
Interest rate on unused line-of-credit	0.15%	0.15%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Detail

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Jul. 28, 2023

Jun. 28, 2023

Jun. 27, 2023

Mar. 24, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

Mar. 31, 2022

Sep. 30, 2023

Apr. 03, 2023

Sep. 30, 2022

Nov. 01, 2021

Aug. 20, 2021

Jun. 12, 2019

Debt Instruments, Overall Maximum Borrowing Capacity

$ 23,000,000

$ 33,000,000

Regulatory Asset

$ 9,079,693

$ 7,797,302

Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant Ratio of Long-term Debt to Total Capitalization, Maximum

65%

Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Ratio of Priority Debt to Total Assets, Maximum

15%

Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Interest Coverage Ratio

1.5

Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]

Regulatory Asset

$ 1,256,059

$ 1,370,246

Regulatory Asset, Amortization Period (Year)

20 years

Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 10,000,000

Cash Infusion Proceeds Utilized to Repay Non-revolving Credit Facility [Member]

Repayments of Debt

$ 10,000,000

Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 15,000,000

RGC Midstream LLC [Member]

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

2.49%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member]

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.35%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.50%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 14,000,000

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

3.24%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 8,000,000

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

2.443%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 1 [Member]

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.15%

RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.26448%

Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 10,000,000

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]

Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 15,000,000

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 255,272	$ 275,911
Notes Payable [Member]
Notes payable	137,075,000	137,271,200
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	255,272	275,911
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(10,975,000)	(1,300,000)
Total long-term debt, net current maturities	126,100,000	135,971,200
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Notes payable	30,500,000	30,500,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	106,195	115,849
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Notes payable	8,000,000	8,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	19,264	24,080
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	23,495	26,627
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	22,017	25,539
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Notes payable	15,000,000	15,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	0	0
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	33,666	28,674
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term notes payable, at TERM SOFR plus 2.00%, due December 31, 2024 [Member]
Notes payable	23,000,000	21,896,200
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	23,386	18,553
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Notes payable	14,000,000	14,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	6,621	9,029
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Notes payable	9,375,000	9,875,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	1,571	3,929
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	7,200,000	8,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 19,057	$ 23,631

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Lon_2

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Apr. 03, 2023
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Stated rate	4.26%	4.26%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Stated rate	3.58%	3.58%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Stated rate	4.41%	4.41%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Stated rate	3.60%	3.60%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2%	2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.20%	1.20%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.49%	2.49%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1%	1%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate			2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term notes payable, at TERM SOFR plus 2.00%, due December 31, 2024 [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2%	2%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.24%	3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.26448%	1.26448%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.14%	3.14%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment	$ 41,667	$ 41,667
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member] \| LIBOR [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.20%	1.20%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.443%	2.443%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment	$ 400,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] \| Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] \| Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member] \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.26448%	1.26448%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Aggre

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
2024	$ 10,975,000
2025	24,600,000
2026	30,600,000
2027	1,600,000
2028	8,800,000
Thereafter	60,500,000
Total	$ 137,075,000

Note 8 - Income Taxes (Details

Note 8 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Note 8 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	$ 1,662,400	$ 0
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	2,008,458	3,165,454
Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net	$ 1,163,594	$ 1,057,079
Income Tax Examination, Year under Examination	2018 2019
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] \| Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Actual Tax Credit Recognized in Income Tax Returns			$ 659,920
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)		20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 129,600	$ 165,652
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards, Research	$ 990,219
Open Tax Year	2017 2018 2019
Domestic Tax Authority [Member] \| Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member] \| Federal Energy Investment Tax Credit [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)	20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 74,265
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount	1,892,164
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	655,862
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] \| Virginia, Jurisdiction [Member]
Actual Tax Credit Recognized in Income Tax Returns		$ 58,065
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)		20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 2,020	$ 5,212	$ 0
Open Tax Year	2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Income

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Current income taxes:
Federal	$ 2,935,052	$ 2,494,942
State	650,238	523,571
Total current income taxes	3,585,290	3,018,513
Deferred income taxes:
Federal	(223,862)	(11,160,425)
State	262,103	(3,097,869)
Total deferred income taxes	38,241	(14,258,294)
Federal	(129,600)	(165,652)
State	(2,020)	(5,212)
Total amortization of R&D tax credits	(131,620)	(170,864)
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 3,491,911	$ (11,410,645)

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Reconci

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income (loss) before income taxes	$ 14,791,193	$ (43,143,247)
Corporate federal income tax rate	21%	21%
Income tax expense (benefit) computed at the federal statutory rate	$ 3,106,151	$ (9,060,082)
State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense (benefit)	720,749	(2,033,695)
Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations	(162,228)	(162,228)
Amortization of R&D tax credits	(131,620)	(170,864)
Net amortization of RNG tax credits	(58,669)	0
Other, net	17,528	16,224
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$ 3,491,911	$ (11,410,645)

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Deferre

Note 8 - Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Allowance for credit losses	$ 39,938	$ 95,564
Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits	591,841	486,745
Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate	2,655,951	2,708,809
Accrued paid time off	149,087	150,075
Cost of gas held in storage	752,989	702,040
Deferred compensation	1,020,512	993,079
Accrued gas cost	0	125,888
MVP impairment	14,180,759	14,180,759
Regulatory effect on tax credits	1,662,400	0
Other	263,971	124,034
Total gross deferred tax assets	21,317,448	19,566,993
Utility property	19,426,513	19,074,085
MVP investment	1,288,104	1,366,157
Interest rate swaps	1,188,533	1,235,126
Accrued gas cost	259,162	0
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	22,162,312	21,675,368
Net deferred tax asset	1,163,594	1,057,079
Net deferred tax liability	$ 2,008,458	$ 3,165,454

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_3

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization, Next Fiscal Year		$ 64,000
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization Of Net Gains (Losses), Regulatory Deferral		243,000
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization of Net Gains (Losses), Regulatory Deferral Liabilities		$ 31,000
The 401K Plan [Member]
Defined Contribution Plan, Minimum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent		1%
Defined Contribution Plan, Maximum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent		50%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Match Percentage		100%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of 100 Percent Match		4%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Match, Second Tranche		50%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of 50% Match		2%
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage			29%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage			70%
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage			1%
Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Period Before Benefits are Fully Vested (Year)		5 years
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets		4.50%	4.75%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer		$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year		$ 0
Pension Plan [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets	4.50%
Pension Plan [Member] \| Fixed Income Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		75%	70%
Pension Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		25%	30%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		27%	13%
Pension Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		75%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		72%	0%
Pension Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		0%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		1%	87%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Minimum Service Requirement (Year)		10 years
Defined Benefit Plan, Age Requirement		55
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets		3.95%	4.24%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer		$ 0	$ 0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Forecast [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets	4.24%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fixed Income Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		70%	50%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		30%	50%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		43%	48%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		70%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		37%	51%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Target Allocation, Percentage		0%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		20%	1%

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_4

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets and Funded Status (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Non-current assets	$ 1,901,902	$ 749,341
Non-current liabilities	(47,674)	(337,535)
Pension Plan [Member]
Accumulated benefit obligation	24,449,856	24,776,968
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	27,268,456	37,654,468
Service cost	366,537	648,289
Interest cost	1,372,098	1,013,115
Actuarial gain	(1,031,160)	(10,862,957)
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(1,228,307)	(1,184,459)
Benefit obligation at end of year	26,747,624	27,268,456
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	28,017,797	38,914,107
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes	89,171	(9,711,851)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	0	0
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(1,228,307)	(1,184,459)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	26,878,661	28,017,797
Funded status	131,037	749,341
Non-current assets	131,037	749,341
Non-current liabilities	0	0
Net actuarial loss, net of tax	1,168,687	1,243,889
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	1,168,687	1,243,889
Net actuarial loss (gain)	4,029,282	4,132,472
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)	4,029,282	4,132,472
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Accumulated benefit obligation	11,248,448	12,416,546
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	12,416,546	16,796,849
Service cost	45,897	97,802
Interest cost	620,622	443,721
Actuarial gain	(1,331,541)	(4,330,387)
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(503,076)	(591,439)
Benefit obligation at end of year	11,248,448	12,416,546
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	12,138,119	15,882,342
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes	1,384,270	(3,152,784)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	0	0
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(503,076)	(591,439)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	13,019,313	12,138,119
Funded status	1,770,865	(278,427)
Non-current assets	1,770,865	0
Non-current liabilities	0	(278,427)
Net actuarial loss, net of tax	6,946	355,088
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	6,946	355,088
Net actuarial loss (gain)	(1,813,071)	(30,118)
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)	$ (1,813,071)	$ (30,118)

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_5

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Actuarial Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pension Plan [Member]
Discount rate	5.63%	5.15%
Expected rate of compensation increase	4%	4%
Discount rate	5.15%	2.73%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	4.50%	4.75%
Expected rate of compensation increase	4%	4%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Discount rate	5.63%	5.16%
Discount rate	5.16%	2.70%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	3.95%	4.24%

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_6

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Components of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pension Plan [Member]
Service cost	$ 366,537	$ 648,289
Interest cost	1,372,098	1,013,115
Expected return on plan assets	(1,232,597)	(1,831,550)
Recognized loss	316,724	146,402
Net periodic benefit cost	822,762	(23,744)
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Service cost	45,897	97,802
Interest cost	620,622	443,721
Expected return on plan assets	(464,046)	(666,167)
Recognized loss	0	0
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 202,473	$ (124,644)

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_7

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pre 65 [Member]
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	6.30%	6%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	3.94%	5.20%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2075	2025
Post 65 [Member]
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	5.20%	5.20%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	3.94%	5.20%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2075

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_8

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Effect of 1% Change on Health Care Trend Rate Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Effect on total service and interest cost components, 1% increase	$ 89,000
Effect on total service and interest cost components, 1% decrease	(74,000)
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, 1% increase	1,317,000
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, 1% decrease	$ (1,117,000)

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pla_9

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Allocation of Plans' Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	$ 26,878,661	$ 28,017,797	$ 38,914,107
Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	10,431,848	28,017,797
Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	16,446,813	0
Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	13,019,313	12,138,119	$ 15,882,342
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	13,019,313	12,138,119
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		29%
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Target	25%	30%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	27%	13%
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Target	30%	50%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	43%	48%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		70%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Target	75%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	72%	0%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Target	70%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	37%	51%
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage		1%
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Target	0%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	1%	87%
Asset	$ 202,218	$ 24,312,969
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	202,218	24,312,969
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Target	0%
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Actual Allocation, Percentage	20%	1%
Asset	$ 2,640,622	$ 75,219
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,640,622	75,219
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	16,446,813
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	16,446,813
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	2,256,767	1,172,296
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,256,767	1,172,296
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	1,693,422	1,698,421
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	1,693,422	1,698,421
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	4,841,048	5,644,954
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	4,841,048	5,644,954
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Mutual Fund [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	3,000,525
Mutual Fund [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	3,000,525
Mutual Fund [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0
Mutual Fund [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	2,222,733	1,172,714
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,222,733	1,172,714
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	1,570,538	1,793,746
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	1,570,538	1,793,746
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		589,284
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		589,284
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset		486,184
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		486,184
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	433,886	469,659
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	433,886	469,659
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	721,588	873,634
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	721,588	873,634
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	724,535	574,996
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	724,535	574,996
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	1,082,801
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	1,082,801
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	588,898	443,900
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	588,898	443,900
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		182,823
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		182,823
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	481,309
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	481,309
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	463,907
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	463,907
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Pension Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	526,364	462,196
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	526,364	462,196
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		202,921
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		202,921
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] \| Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		$ 0

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pl_10

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Expected Future Benefit Payments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Pension Plan [Member]
2024	$ 1,335,133
2025	1,400,453
2026	1,486,089
2027	1,591,928
2028	1,665,580
2029 - 2033	9,316,587
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
2024	713,518
2025	707,987
2026	710,935
2027	724,277
2028	721,402
2029 - 2033	$ 3,957,815

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pl_11

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Changes in Benefit Plan Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Forfeitures	$ (18,221)	$ 0
NQDC Plan [Member]
Beginning deferred compensation balance	59,108	35,344
Employer contributions	0	33,280
Earnings (loss)	6,787	(9,516)
Ending deferred compensation balance	$ 47,674	$ 59,108

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Pl_12

Note 9 - Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Employer Contributions (Details) - The 401K Plan [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Matching contribution	$ 388,616	$ 357,293
Employer contributions	$ 75,899	$ 47,429

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_2

Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Details Textual) - shares	12 Months Ended
Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Details Textual) - shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	22,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Month)	6 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)	0	6,000

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_3

Note 10 - Common Stock Options - Share-based Payment Arrangement (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022
Expected volatility	31.79%
Expected dividends	2.77%
Expected exercise term (years) (Year)	7 years
Risk-free interest rate	2.89%

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_4

Note 10 - Common Stock Options - Schedule of Stock Option Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Options outstanding (in shares)	34,500	45,250
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 18.69	$ 19.34
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 8 months 12 days	6 years
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 18,388	$ 121,278	$ 213,898
Options granted (in shares)	0	6,000
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 19.9
Options exercised (in shares)	(12,500)	(8,750)
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 16	$ 14.49
Options forfeited (in shares)		(8,000)
Options forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 27.87
Options outstanding (in shares)	22,000	34,500	45,250
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.23	$ 18.69	$ 19.34
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	22,000
Vested and exercisable , weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.23
Vested and exercisable , weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years 7 months 6 days
Vested and exercisable , aggregate intrinsic value	$ 18,388
Weighted-average grant date option fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 5.39
Stock option expense	$ 21,560	$ 16,330
Intrinsic value of options exercised	46,921	58,944
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	$ 200,000	$ 126,814

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (De

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Maximum Amount Allowed For Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan	$ 100,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Dividend Reinvestment Plan (in shares)	32,805	34,290
Stock Available for Issuance under Dividend Reinvestment Plan (in shares)	265,624
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	22,000
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors [Member]
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Maximum Allowed Percentage of Retainer Fee Paid Monthly in Common Stock	100%
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Percentage of Retainer Fee Paid Monthly in Common Stock	40%
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Minimum Shares Owned Requirement (in shares)	10,000
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture	$ 299,200	$ 291,767
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period (in shares)	0	0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized (in shares)	200,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	196,559
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share)	$ 21.25	$ 21.55
Restricted Stock [Member] \| RGC Resources Inc. Restricted Stock Plan [Member]
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture	$ 169,879	$ 534,710
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	366,745
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 23.19
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Stock Bonus Plan [Member]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	4,680
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Shares Issued in Period (in shares)	105	0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Grants in Period, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (in dollars per share)	$ 23.76

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - D

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - Director Compensation Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Beginning of year balance (in shares)	108,127	110,444
Beginning of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 16.27	$ 15.05
Granted (in shares)	14,080	13,538
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 21.25	$ 21.55
Vested (in shares)	0	(15,855)
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 12.33
End of year balance (in shares)	122,207	108,127
End of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 16.84	$ 16.27

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - O

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - Officer Compensation Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - RGC Resources Inc. Restricted Stock Plan [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Beginning of year balance (in shares)	22,539	11,836
Beginning of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 23.44	$ 25.17
Granted (in shares)	0	26,897
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 23.19
Vested (in shares)	(13,573)	(16,194)
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 23.61	$ 24.29
End of year balance (in shares)	8,966	22,539
End of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 23.19	$ 23.44

Note 12 - Commitments and Con_3

Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / item	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Asset Management Contract Term (Year)	2 years
Purchase Commitment Minimum Volume Required		$ 1,100,000
Franchise Agreement Term (Year)		20 years
Franchise Fee Annual Increase		3%
Franchise Fee Total Cost Through End of Agreement		$ 1,942,731
Contract for Gate Stations That Interconnect With MVP [Member]
Other Commitment		$ 1,200,000
Number of Gate Stations		2
Natural Gas Pipeline And Storage Capacity [Member]
Cost of Goods and Services Sold		$ 44,253,000	$ 51,408,000
Minimum [Member]
Purchase Commitment Purchase Price Per Energy Volume (in USD per Per Share) \| $ / item		2.75
Maximum [Member]
Purchase Commitment Purchase Price Per Energy Volume (in USD per Per Share) \| $ / item		4.57

Note 12 - Commitment and Contin

Note 12 - Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Volumetric Obligations (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 Boe
2023-2024 (Barrel of Oil Equivalent)	2,089,220
2024-2025 (Barrel of Oil Equivalent)	295,866
Total (Barrel of Oil Equivalent)	2,385,086

Note 12 - Commitment and Cont_2

Note 12 - Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Pipeline and Storage (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
2023 - 2024	$ 14,071,706
2024 - 2025	10,510,104
2025 - 2026	6,604,410
2026 - 2027	5,411,934
2027 - 2028	2,110,556
Thereafter	127,196
Total	$ 38,835,906

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurem_3

Note 13 - Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Total Assets fair value	$ 4,617,455	$ 4,798,467
Natural gas purchases	1,022,662	1,295,225
Total Liabilities fair value	1,022,662	1,295,225
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	4,617,455	4,798,467
Natural gas purchases	1,022,662	1,295,225
Total Liabilities fair value	1,022,662	1,295,225
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Interest rate swaps	4,617,455
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,798,467
Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	4,617,455
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,798,467
Interest Rate Swap [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	$ 0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		$ 0

Note 13- Fair Value Measurement

Note 13- Fair Value Measurements - Summary of the Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Adjusted to Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Current maturities of long-term debt	$ 10,975,000	$ 1,300,000
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	10,975,000	1,300,000
Notes payable	126,100,000	135,971,200
Total Liabilities fair value	137,075,000	137,271,200
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] \| Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	10,975,000	1,300,000
Notes payable	120,298,658	130,266,252
Total Liabilities fair value	$ 131,273,658	$ 131,566,252

Note 14 - Leases (Details Textu

Note 14 - Leases (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
Note 14 - Leases (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Number of Additional Operating Leases	3
Three Other Operating Leases [Member]
Operating Lease, Cost	$ 50,000
Other Noncurrent Assets [Member]
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	361,724
Other Current Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Current	30,281
Deferred Credit And Other Noncurrent Liabilities [Member]
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	$ 323,168
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	6 years
RNG [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	20 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term (Year)	5 years

Note 14 - Leases - Lease Cost (

Note 14 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Note 14 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash paid on operating leases	$ 48,900	$ 22,500
Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$ 325,688	$ 0
Weighted-average remaining term (in years) (Year)	17 years 4 months 24 days	3 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average discount rate	5.65%

Note 14 - Leases - Operating Le

Note 14 - Leases - Operating Lease Maturity (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
2024	$ 49,065
2025	43,065
2026	30,038
2027	30,038
2028	26,400
Thereafter	369,600
Total minimum lease payments	548,206
Less imputed interest	(194,757)
Other Liabilities [Member]
Total	$ 353,449