RGC Resources (RGCO) 10-Q 3 May 24 2023 Q2 Quarterly report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001069533
Entity Registrant Name	RGC Resources, Inc.
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-26591
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	VA
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1909697
Entity Address, Address Line One	519 Kimball Ave., N.E
Entity Address, City or Town	Roanoke
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	24016
City Area Code	540
Local Phone Number	777-4427
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $5 Par Value
Trading Symbol	RGCO
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,181,110

Condensed Consolidated Balance

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 2,019,183	$ 1,512,431
Accounts receivable (less allowance for credit losses of $483,110, and $155,164, respectively)	9,451,708	4,194,934
Materials and supplies	1,630,781	1,674,462
Gas in storage	5,098,039	11,185,601
Prepaid income taxes	1,750,669	3,227,544
Regulatory assets	5,005,793	2,854,276
Interest rate swaps	1,274,773	1,533,057
Other	2,294,699	612,957
Total current assets	28,525,645	26,795,262
UTILITY PROPERTY:
In service	331,785,483	318,369,891
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(89,548,196)	(85,752,798)
In service, net	242,237,287	232,617,093
Construction work in progress	11,902,830	14,966,458
Utility property, net	254,140,117	247,583,551
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
Regulatory assets	5,310,937	5,389,445
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	19,887,693	17,187,093
Benefit plan assets	1,715,551	1,901,902
Deferred income taxes	978,491	1,163,594
Interest rate swaps	2,230,121	3,084,398
Other	570,975	624,095
Total other non-current assets	30,693,768	29,350,527
TOTAL ASSETS	313,359,530	303,729,340
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Current maturities of long-term debt	125,000	10,975,000
Line-of-credit	6,582,180	4,353,572
Dividends payable	2,036,221	1,978,400
Accounts payable	5,358,002	5,838,643
Customer credit balances	947,563	1,972,132
Income taxes payable	91,824	0
Customer deposits	1,697,018	1,476,321
Accrued expenses	3,211,598	4,661,722
Regulatory liabilities	1,621,966	1,632,716
Other	31,010	30,281
Total current liabilities	21,702,382	32,918,787
LONG-TERM DEBT:
Notes payable	136,175,000	126,100,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(258,113)	(255,272)
Long-term debt, net	135,916,887	125,844,728
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Asset retirement obligations	10,941,196	10,792,831
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	13,738,423	13,029,376
Benefit plan liabilities	255,385	47,674
Deferred income taxes	2,205,649	2,008,458
Regulatory liabilities	17,735,810	18,031,693
Other	319,936	323,168
Total deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	45,196,399	44,233,200
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Common stock, $5 par; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,179,479 and 10,015,254 shares, respectively	50,897,395	50,076,270
Preferred stock, no par, authorized 5,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding	0	0
Capital in excess of par value	46,828,818	44,430,786
Retained earnings	11,366,762	3,972,280
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,450,887	2,253,289
Total stockholders’ equity	110,543,862	100,732,625
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 313,359,530	$ 303,729,340

Condensed Consolidated Balanc_2

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accounts receivable, allowance for uncollectible	$ 483,110	$ 155,164
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 5	$ 5
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	10,179,479	10,015,254
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	10,179,479	10,015,254
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Condensed Consolidated Statemen

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Revenues	$ 32,659,376	$ 38,029,657	$ 57,078,728	$ 71,311,992
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operations and maintenance	5,322,655	4,090,728	9,657,852	8,011,241
General taxes	703,211	638,229	1,335,456	1,227,279
Depreciation and amortization	2,697,707	2,419,541	5,395,414	4,839,082
Total operating expenses	24,029,667	28,438,235	41,796,982	56,176,085
OPERATING INCOME	8,629,709	9,591,422	15,281,746	15,135,907
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	1,229,384	2,867	2,697,219	4,099
Other income, net	89,487	121,824	210,273	196,430
Interest expense	1,566,613	1,395,862	3,202,886	2,765,026
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	8,381,967	8,320,251	14,986,352	12,571,410
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	1,938,577	1,978,365	3,522,970	2,973,119
NET INCOME	$ 6,443,390	$ 6,341,886	$ 11,463,382	$ 9,598,291
BASIC EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63	$ 0.64	$ 1.14	$ 0.97
DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share)	0.63	0.64	1.13	0.97
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE (in dollars per share)	$ 0.2	$ 0.1975	$ 0.4	$ 0.395
Gas Utility [Member]
Revenues	$ 32,632,331	$ 38,000,977	$ 57,024,185	$ 71,253,744
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	15,299,390	21,285,057	25,396,406	42,089,210
Non-utility [Member]
Revenues	27,045	28,680	54,543	58,248
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	$ 6,704	$ 4,680	$ 11,854	$ 9,273

Condensed Consolidated Statem_2

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
NET INCOME	$ 6,443,390	$ 6,341,886	$ 11,463,382	$ 9,598,291
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	199,532	(505,157)	(826,188)	(688,455)
Defined benefit plans	11,893	14,631	23,786	29,262
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX	211,425	(490,526)	(802,402)	(659,193)
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	6,654,815	5,851,360	10,660,980	8,939,098
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	$ 199,532	$ (505,157)	$ (826,188)	$ (688,455)

Condensed Consolidated Statem_3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 49,102,675	$ 41,479,459	$ 544,158	$ 1,964,364	$ 93,090,656
Net income	0	0	3,256,405	0	3,256,405
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	(168,667)	(168,667)
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(1,957,369)	0	(1,957,369)
Net issuance of common stock	156,225	512,757	0	0	668,982
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	49,258,900	41,992,216	1,843,194	1,795,697	94,890,007
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	49,102,675	41,479,459	544,158	1,964,364	93,090,656
Net income					9,598,291
Other comprehensive income (loss)					(659,193)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	49,616,735	43,131,578	6,224,924	1,305,171	100,278,408
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	49,258,900	41,992,216	1,843,194	1,795,697	94,890,007
Net income	0	0	6,341,886	0	6,341,886
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	(490,526)	(490,526)
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(1,960,156)	0	(1,960,156)
Net issuance of common stock	357,835	1,139,362	0	0	1,497,197
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	49,616,735	43,131,578	6,224,924	1,305,171	100,278,408
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	50,076,270	44,430,786	3,972,280	2,253,289	100,732,625
Net income	0	0	5,019,992	0	5,019,992
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	(1,013,827)	(1,013,827)
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(2,032,679)	0	(2,032,679)
Net issuance of common stock	221,835	616,657	0	0	838,492
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	50,298,105	45,047,443	6,959,593	1,239,462	103,544,603
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	50,076,270	44,430,786	3,972,280	2,253,289	100,732,625
Net income					11,463,382
Other comprehensive income (loss)				(802,402)	(802,402)
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	50,897,395	46,828,818	11,366,762	1,450,887	110,543,862
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	50,298,105	45,047,443	6,959,593	1,239,462	103,544,603
Net income	0	0	6,443,390	0	6,443,390
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	211,425	211,425
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(2,036,221)	0	(2,036,221)
Net issuance of common stock	599,290	1,781,375	0	0	2,380,665
Balance at Mar. 31, 2024	$ 50,897,395	$ 46,828,818	$ 11,366,762	$ 1,450,887	$ 110,543,862

Condensed Consolidated Statem_4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.2	$ 0.2	$ 0.1975	$ 0.1975
Common stock issued (in shares)	119,858	44,367	71,567	31,245

Condensed Consolidated Statem_5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 11,463,382	$ 9,598,291
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	5,523,841	4,954,167
Cost of retirement of utility property, net	(292,647)	(421,677)
Amortization of stock option grants	42,920	21,560
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	(2,697,219)	(4,099)
Allowance for funds used during construction	0	(198,308)
Changes in assets and liabilities which used cash, exclusive of changes and noncash transactions shown separately	(2,838,275)	3,015,408
Net cash provided by operating activities	11,202,002	16,965,342
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Expenditures for utility property	(11,279,097)	(12,851,877)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	(3,381)	(1,499,337)
Proceeds from disposal of utility property	1,730	1,075
Net cash used in investing activities	(11,280,748)	(14,350,139)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured notes	275,000	1,103,800
Repayments of notes payable	(1,050,000)	(250,002)
Borrowings under line-of-credit	25,862,523	25,159,450
Repayments under line-of-credit	(23,633,915)	(25,159,450)
Debt issuance expenses	(33,268)	(13,875)
Proceeds from issuance of stock	(3,176,237)	(2,144,619)
Cash dividends paid	(4,011,079)	(3,872,686)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	585,498	(888,144)
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	506,752	1,727,059
BEGINNING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	1,512,431	4,898,914
ENDING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	$ 2,019,183	$ 6,625,973

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	1. Basis of Presentation Resources is an energy services company primarily engaged in the sale and distribution of natural gas. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Resources and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Roanoke Gas, Diversified Energy and Midstream. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to fairly present Resources' financial position as of March 31, 2024 six March 31, 2024 2023 three six March 31, 2024 2023 three six March 31, 2024 not September 30, 2024 The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and condensed notes are presented under the rules and regulations of the SEC. Pursuant to those rules, certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and condensed notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in the Company’s Form 10 September 30, 2023 September 30, 2023 10 Roanoke Gas' line of credit is renewed annually in March, March 31, 2024. March May 2024, 2024. 6 7 2014 15. may not The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 10 September 30, 2023 Certain amounts previously disclosed have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations. Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 one March 31, 2024. April 2024. 7 9 In November 2023, 2023 07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280 December 15, 2023 December 31, 2024. In December 2023, 2023 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 5 not December 15, 2024. In March 2024, December 31, 2027 May 28, 2024; may Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB, SEC or other standard-setting bodies are not not

Note 2 - Revenue

Note 2 - Revenue	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]	2. Revenue The Company assesses new contracts and identifies related performance obligations for promises to transfer distinct goods or services to the customer. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations have been satisfied. In the case of Roanoke Gas, the Company contracts with its customers for the sale and/or delivery of natural gas. The following tables summarize revenue by customer, product and income statement classification: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 18,843,065 $ — $ 18,843,065 $ 21,376,436 $ — $ 21,376,436 Commercial 10,398,801 — 10,398,801 12,025,056 — 12,025,056 Transportation and interruptible 1,358,991 — 1,358,991 1,565,170 — 1,565,170 Other 190,719 27,045 217,764 262,923 28,680 291,603 Total contracts with customers 30,791,576 27,045 30,818,621 35,229,585 28,680 35,258,265 Alternative revenue programs 1,840,755 — 1,840,755 2,771,392 — 2,771,392 Total operating revenues $ 32,632,331 $ 27,045 $ 32,659,376 $ 38,000,977 $ 28,680 $ 38,029,657 Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 32,667,707 $ — $ 32,667,707 $ 40,742,276 $ — $ 40,742,276 Commercial 18,240,077 — 18,240,077 24,044,169 — 24,044,169 Transportation and interruptible 2,729,261 — 2,729,261 3,153,238 — 3,153,238 Other 485,057 54,543 539,600 684,918 58,248 743,166 Total contracts with customers 54,122,102 54,543 54,176,645 68,624,601 58,248 68,682,849 Alternative revenue programs 2,902,083 — 2,902,083 2,629,143 — 2,629,143 Total operating revenues $ 57,024,185 $ 54,543 $ 57,078,728 $ 71,253,744 $ 58,248 $ 71,311,992 Gas utility revenues Substantially all of Roanoke Gas' revenues are derived from rates authorized by the SCC through its tariffs. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that these tariff-based revenues fall within the scope of ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers All customers are billed monthly based on consumption as measured by metered usage with payments due 20 no Unbilled revenue is included in residential and commercial revenues in the preceding table. Natural gas consumption is estimated for the period subsequent to the last billed date and up through the last day of the month. Estimated volumes and approved tariff rates are utilized to calculate unbilled revenue. The following month, the unbilled estimate is reversed, the actual usage is billed and a new unbilled estimate is calculated. The Company obtains metered usage for industrial customers at the end of each month, thereby eliminating any unbilled consideration for these rate classes. Other revenues Other revenues primarily consist of miscellaneous fees and charges, utility-related revenues not no Alternative revenue program revenues ARPs, which fall outside the scope of ASC 606, 30 Customer accounts receivable and liabilities Accounts receivable, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, includes both billed and unbilled customer revenues, as well as amounts that are not Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 2,782,025 $ 1,240,097 $ 1,972,132 $ 1,476,321 Balance at March 31, 2024 6,485,713 2,850,532 947,563 1,697,018 Increase (decrease) $ 3,703,688 $ 1,610,435 $ (1,024,569 ) $ 220,697 ( 1 The Company had no not

Note 3 - Segment Information

Note 3 - Segment Information	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]	3. Segment Information Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by the Company's executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company uses operating income and equity in earnings to assess segment performance. Intersegment transactions are recorded at cost. The reportable segments disclosed herein are defined as follows: Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Information related to the Company's segments are provided below: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 32,632,331 $ — $ 27,045 $ 32,659,376 Depreciation 2,697,707 — — 2,697,707 Operating income (loss) 8,666,010 (55,285 ) 18,984 8,629,709 Equity in earnings — 1,229,384 — 1,229,384 Interest expense 911,804 654,809 — 1,566,613 Income before income taxes 7,844,299 518,705 18,963 8,381,967 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 38,000,977 $ — $ 28,680 $ 38,029,657 Depreciation 2,419,541 — — 2,419,541 Operating income (loss) 9,627,320 (58,747 ) 22,849 9,591,422 Equity in earnings — 2,867 — 2,867 Interest expense 810,346 585,516 — 1,395,862 Income (loss) before income taxes 8,939,360 (641,933 ) 22,824 8,320,251 Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 57,024,185 $ — $ 54,543 $ 57,078,728 Depreciation 5,395,414 — — 5,395,414 Operating income (loss) 15,310,308 (68,688 ) 40,126 15,281,746 Equity in earnings — 2,697,219 — 2,697,219 Interest expense 1,880,741 1,322,145 — 3,202,886 Income before income taxes 13,640,033 1,306,239 40,080 14,986,352 Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 71,253,744 $ — $ 58,248 $ 71,311,992 Depreciation 4,839,082 — — 4,839,082 Operating income (loss) 15,194,665 (105,451 ) 46,693 15,135,907 Equity in earnings — 4,099 — 4,099 Interest expense 1,632,912 1,132,114 — 2,765,026 Income (loss) before income taxes 13,759,315 (1,234,548 ) 46,643 12,571,410 March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Total assets $ 271,487,651 $ 20,181,544 $ 21,690,335 $ 313,359,530 September 30, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Total assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 17,182,772 $ 303,729,340

Note 4 - Rates and Regulatory M

Note 4 - Rates and Regulatory Matters	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Public Utilities Disclosure [Text Block]	4. Rates and Regulatory Matters The SCC exercises regulatory authority over the natural gas operations of Roanoke Gas. Such regulation encompasses terms, conditions and rates to be charged to customers for natural gas service, safety standards, service extension and depreciation. In response to continued inflationary pressures, Roanoke Gas filed a general rate application on February 2, 2024 July 1, 2024, November 7, 2024. On December 2, 2022, January 1, 2023, fourth 2023, October 1, 2023. December 19, 2023 February 2024. On August 31, 2023, October 1, 2023. 2024 five September 30, 2028. 2024. Roanoke Gas is authorized by the SCC to acquire certain natural gas distribution assets from a local housing authority at five The assets of two complexes were transferred to Roanoke Gas in fiscal 2022. September 29, 2023, one fourth 2023. fourth

Note 5 - Other Investments

Note 5 - Other Investments	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure [Text Block]	5. Other Investments Midstream owns a less than 1% equity investment in the LLC constructing the MVP. Midstream is also a less than 1% investor, accounted for under the cost method, in Southgate. Since inception, the MVP has encountered various legal and regulatory issues that have substantially delayed the completion of the project. With the passage of the FRA and certain judicial rulings in mid- 2023, While under construction, AFUDC has provided the majority of the income recognized by Midstream. The LLC temporarily suspended accruing AFUDC on the project for portions of prior periods. AFUDC accruals resumed in June 2023 April 22, 2024, he LLC filed its in service request for MVP with FERC, with an expectation that gas will begin to flow during the second Midstream reassesses the value of its investment in the LLC on at least a quarterly basis, and no 2023 first 2024. 2023 not Funding for Midstream's investments has been provided through equity contributions from Resources and unsecured promissory notes as detailed in Note 7. The Company will participate in the earnings generated from the transportation of natural gas through both pipelines proportionate to its level of investment once the pipelines are placed in service. Investment balances of MVP and Southgate, as of March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023, Balance Sheet location: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Other Assets: MVP $ 19,793,695 $ 17,096,476 Southgate 93,998 90,617 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 19,887,693 $ 17,187,093 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, Income Statement location: 2024 2023 2024 2023 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate $ 1,229,384 $ 2,867 $ 2,697,219 $ 4,099 March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment $ 11,686,753 $ 9,683,797 The undistributed earnings does not RGC RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES The change in the investment in unconsolidated affiliates is provided below: Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Cash investment $ 3,381 $ 1,499,337 Change in accrued capital calls — (179,436 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 2,697,219 4,099 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 2,700,600 $ 1,324,000 Summary unaudited financial statements of MVP are presented below. Southgate financial statements, which are accounted for under the cost method, are not Income Statements Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 AFUDC $ 146,538,660 $ — $ 305,100,801 $ — Other income, net 3,236,493 259,240 5,900,062 419,712 Net income $ 149,775,153 $ 259,240 $ 311,000,863 $ 419,712 Balance Sheets March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Assets: Current assets $ 228,561,994 $ 795,787,358 Construction work in progress 9,087,392,726 7,499,128,254 Other assets 12,421,629 11,639,586 Total assets $ 9,328,376,349 $ 8,306,555,198 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 238,854,774 $ 236,947,158 Noncurrent liabilities 34,000 — Capital 9,089,487,575 8,069,608,040 Total liabilities and equity $ 9,328,376,349 $ 8,306,555,198 RGC RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 6 - Short-term Debt

Note 6 - Short-term Debt	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Debt Disclosure [Text Block]	6. Short-Term Debt On March 24, 2023, March 31, 2024, March 31, 2025. March 31, 2024,

Note 7 - Long-term Debt

Note 7 - Long-term Debt	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Long-Term Debt [Text Block]	7. Long-Term Debt On March 6, 2024, one one December 31, 2025. Subsequent to the end of the quarter, on May 2, 2024, 2.215%; May 2, 2026. June 1, 2024; March 31, 2024. On June 28, 2023, June 12, 2019 November 1, 2021, July 1, 2023. March 6, 2024, April 1, 2024 January 1, 2025. April 1, 2025. June 2023, not March 6, 2024, On March 24, 2023, September 24, 2021. April 1, 2023. April 3, 2023, September 24, 2021. 8 Long-term debt consists of the following: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior notes payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 101,368 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.58 8,000,000 16,856 8,000,000 19,264 Unsecured term notes payable at 4.41 10,000,000 21,928 10,000,000 23,495 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.60 10,000,000 20,256 10,000,000 22,017 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 30,300 10,000,000 33,666 Midstream: Unsecured term notes payable at Term SOFR 2.00 23,275,000 45,218 23,000,000 23,386 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 5,417 14,000,000 6,621 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR 1.20 41,667 3.14 9,125,000 — 9,375,000 1,571 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 400,000 2.443 6,400,000 16,770 7,200,000 19,057 Total long-term debt 136,300,000 258,113 137,075,000 255,272 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (125,000 ) — (10,975,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 136,175,000 $ 258,113 $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272 Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the related debt. As of March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023, All debt agreements set forth certain representations, warranties and covenants to which the Company is subject, including financial covenants that limit consolidated long-term indebtedness to not not not 1, December 31, 2021, March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023

Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedgin

Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Text Block]	8. Derivatives and Hedging The Company’s hedging and derivative policy allows management to enter into derivatives for the purpose of managing the commodity and financial market risks of its business operations, including the price of natural gas and the cost of borrowed funds. This policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative purposes. The Company has five interest rate swaps associated with certain of its variable rate debt as of March 31, 2024. three two 7, No The fair value of the current and non-current portions of the interest rate swaps are reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the caption interest rate swaps. The table in Note 11

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurement

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	9. Fair Value Measurements ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures one three Level 1 Level 2 1 not Level 3 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 3 The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as required by existing guidance and the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy: Fair Value Measurements - March 31, 2024 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Fair Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 3,504,894 $ — $ 3,504,894 $ — Total $ 3,504,894 $ — $ 3,504,894 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,126,381 $ — $ 1,126,381 $ — Total $ 1,126,381 $ — $ 1,126,381 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Fair Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — The fair value of the interest rate swaps are determined by using the counterparty's proprietary models and certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions. Under the asset management contract, a timing difference can exist between the payment for natural gas purchases and the actual receipt of such purchases. Payments are made based on a predetermined monthly volume with the price based on weighted average first March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 first The Company’s nonfinancial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis consist of its AROs. The AROs are measured at fair value at initial recognition based on expected future cash flows required to settle the obligation. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, borrowings under line-of-credit, accounts payable (with the exception of the timing difference under the asset management contract), customer credit balances and customer deposits is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. In addition, the carrying amount of the variable rate line-of-credit is a reasonable approximation of its fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are not Fair Value Measurements - March 31, 2024 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Carrying Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 125,000 $ — $ — $ 125,000 Notes payable 136,175,000 — — 133,558,830 Total $ 136,300,000 $ — $ — $ 133,683,830 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Carrying Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658 The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of the fixed rate debt based on the underlying Treasury rate or other Treasury instruments with a corresponding maturity period and estimated credit spread extrapolated based on market conditions since the issuance of the debt. ASC 825, Financial Instruments three 5% March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Earnings Per Share [Text Block]	10. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per common share for the three six March 31, 2024 2023 A reconciliation of basic and diluted earnings per share is presented below: Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income $ 6,443,390 $ 6,341,886 $ 11,463,382 $ 9,598,291 Weighted average common shares 10,170,595 9,911,202 10,099,533 9,870,259 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 3,411 7,506 2,751 7,242 Diluted average common shares 10,174,006 9,918,708 10,102,284 9,877,501 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 0.63 $ 0.64 $ 1.14 $ 0.97 Diluted $ 0.63 $ 0.64 $ 1.13 $ 0.97

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive I

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note [Text Block]	11. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) A summary of other comprehensive income and loss is provided below: Tax Before-Tax (Expense) Net-of-Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 802,399 $ (206,537 ) $ 595,862 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (533,706 ) 137,376 (396,330 ) Net interest rate swaps 268,693 (69,161 ) 199,532 Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 16,015 (4,122 ) 11,893 Other comprehensive income $ 284,708 $ (73,283 ) $ 211,425 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (260,544 ) $ 67,065 $ (193,479 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (419,712 ) 108,034 (311,678 ) Net interest rate swaps (680,256 ) 175,099 (505,157 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 19,703 (5,072 ) 14,631 Other comprehensive loss $ (660,553 ) $ 170,027 $ (490,526 ) RGC RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES Tax Before-Tax (Expense) Net-of-Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (33,672 ) $ 8,668 $ (25,004 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,078,889 ) 277,705 (801,184 ) Net interest rate swaps (1,112,561 ) 286,373 (826,188 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 32,030 (8,244 ) 23,786 Other comprehensive loss $ (1,080,531 ) $ 278,129 $ (802,402 ) Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (216,597 ) $ 55,754 $ (160,843 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (710,491 ) 182,879 (527,612 ) Net interest rate swaps (927,088 ) 238,633 (688,455 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 39,406 (10,144 ) 29,262 Other comprehensive loss $ (887,682 ) $ 228,489 $ (659,193 ) The amortization of actuarial gains and losses, reflected in the preceding table, relate to the unregulated operations of the Company. Actuarial gains and losses attributable to the regulated operations are included as a regulatory asset. See Note 13 Reconciliation of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated Other Interest Rate Defined Benefit Comprehensive Swaps Plans Income (Loss) Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 3,428,922 $ (1,175,633 ) $ 2,253,289 Other comprehensive income (loss) (826,188 ) 23,786 (802,402 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 2,602,734 $ (1,151,847 ) $ 1,450,887 RGC RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Note 12 - Income Taxes

Note 12 - Income Taxes	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	12. Income Taxes The effective tax rates for the three six March 31, 2024 2023 three six March 31, 2024 three six March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Effective tax rate 23.1 % 23.8 % 23.5 % 23.6 % The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return and state income tax returns in Virginia and West Virginia, and thus subject to examinations by federal and state tax authorities. The IRS is currently examining the Company's 2018 2019 10 March 31, 2024 2023; September 30, 2017, September 30, 2018 September 30, 2020 no

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Text Block]	13. Regulatory Assets and Liabilities The Company’s regulated operations follow the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC 980, Regulated Operations may 980 no 980 no Regulatory assets included in the Company’s accompanying balance sheets are as follows: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 3,282,311 $ 414,689 Under-recovery of gas costs — 1,383,340 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 1,589,211 797,804 Accrued pension 121,509 243,017 Other deferred expenses 12,762 15,426 Total current 5,005,793 2,854,276 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,198,965 1,256,059 Accrued pension 3,786,265 3,786,265 Other deferred expenses 325,707 347,121 Total non-current 5,310,937 5,389,445 Total regulatory assets $ 10,316,730 $ 8,243,721 Regulatory liabilities included in the Company’s accompanying balance sheets are as follows: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of gas costs $ 780,133 $ — Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues 161,219 146,861 Rate refund — 652,018 Deferred income taxes 591,765 527,034 Supplier refunds 73,268 275,649 Other deferred liabilities 15,581 31,154 Total current 1,621,966 1,632,716 Deferred Credits and Other Non-Current Liabilities: Asset retirement obligations 10,941,196 10,792,831 Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 13,738,423 13,029,376 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 15,953,893 16,249,776 Deferred postretirement medical 1,781,917 1,781,917 Total non-current 42,415,429 41,853,900 Total regulatory liabilities $ 44,037,395 $ 43,486,616 As of March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 not

Note 14 - Commitments and Conti

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	14. Commitments and Contingencies Roanoke Gas currently holds the only franchises and/or CPCNs to distribute natural gas in its service area. These franchises generally extend for multi-year periods and are renewable by the municipalities, including exclusive franchises in the cities of Roanoke and Salem and the Town of Vinton, Virginia. All three December 31, 2035. 2019, five not November 2023, three 5 Due to the nature of the natural gas distribution business, the Company has entered into agreements with both suppliers and pipelines for natural gas commodity purchases, storage capacity and pipeline delivery capacity. The Company utilizes an asset manager to assist in optimizing the use of its transportation, storage rights and gas supply in order to provide a secure and reliable source of natural gas to its customers. The Company also has storage and pipeline capacity contracts to store and deliver natural gas to the Company’s distribution system. Roanoke Gas is currently served directly by two primary pipelines that deliver all of the natural gas supplied to the Company’s distribution system. Depending on weather conditions and the level of customer demand, failure of one

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plan

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Retirement Benefits [Text Block]	15. Employee Benefit Plans The Company has both a pension plan and a postretirement plan. The pension plan covers the Company’s employees hired before January 1, 2017 January 1, 2000, Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Components of net periodic pension cost: Service cost $ 81,066 $ 91,635 $ 162,132 $ 183,270 Interest cost 367,206 343,025 734,412 686,050 Expected return on plan assets (294,958 ) (308,149 ) (589,916 ) (616,298 ) Recognized loss 79,132 79,181 158,264 158,362 Net periodic pension cost $ 232,446 $ 205,692 $ 464,892 $ 411,384 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Components of postretirement benefit cost: Service cost $ 7,599 $ 11,475 $ 15,198 $ 22,950 Interest cost 153,369 155,156 306,738 310,312 Expected return on plan assets (133,311 ) (116,012 ) (266,622 ) (232,024 ) Recognized gain (10,149 ) — (20,298 ) — Net postretirement benefit cost $ 17,508 $ 50,619 $ 35,016 $ 101,238 The components of net periodic benefit cost, excluding the service cost component, are included in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Service cost is included in operations and maintenance expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income. For the three six March 31, 2024, not 2024.

Note 16 - Leases

Note 16 - Leases - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Assets [Abstract]
Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent	$ 570,975	$ 624,095
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Other Liabilities, Current	31,010	30,281
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent	$ 45,196,399	$ 44,233,200
Notes to Financial Statements
Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]	16. Leases The Company leases certain assets including office space and land classified as operating leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the agreement based on the terms and conditions in the contract. The operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized as the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the leases do not third Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. The Company made an accounting policy election that payments under agreements with an initial term of 12 not During fiscal 2023, two five not other non-current assets other current liabilities other non-current liabilities Other information related to leases were as follows: Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 5,500 $ 3,300 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A N/A Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.5 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 % Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 12,266 $ 15,900 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A N/A Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.5 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 % On March 31, 2024, 2024 $ 36,800 2025 43,065 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 Thereafter 369,600 Total minimum lease payments 535,941 Less imputed interest (184,995 ) Total $ 350,946

Note 17 - Subsequent Events

Note 17 - Subsequent Events	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Subsequent Events [Text Block]	17. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. There were no not

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Arr Line Items
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]	5 OTHER On May 2, 2024, $9,000,000. 2.215%, 0.40% 0.125% May 2, 2026.
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Resources is an energy services company primarily engaged in the sale and distribution of natural gas. The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Resources and its wholly owned subsidiaries: Roanoke Gas, Diversified Energy and Midstream. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring accruals) necessary to fairly present Resources' financial position as of March 31, 2024 six March 31, 2024 2023 three six March 31, 2024 2023 three six March 31, 2024 not September 30, 2024 The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and condensed notes are presented under the rules and regulations of the SEC. Pursuant to those rules, certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. Although the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and condensed notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in the Company’s Form 10 September 30, 2023 September 30, 2023 10 Roanoke Gas' line of credit is renewed annually in March, March 31, 2024. March May 2024, 2024. 6 7 2014 15. may not The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 10 September 30, 2023 Certain amounts previously disclosed have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 one March 31, 2024. April 2024. 7 9 In November 2023, 2023 07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280 December 15, 2023 December 31, 2024. In December 2023, 2023 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 5 not December 15, 2024. In March 2024, December 31, 2027 May 28, 2024; may Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB, SEC or other standard-setting bodies are not not

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 18,843,065 $ — $ 18,843,065 $ 21,376,436 $ — $ 21,376,436 Commercial 10,398,801 — 10,398,801 12,025,056 — 12,025,056 Transportation and interruptible 1,358,991 — 1,358,991 1,565,170 — 1,565,170 Other 190,719 27,045 217,764 262,923 28,680 291,603 Total contracts with customers 30,791,576 27,045 30,818,621 35,229,585 28,680 35,258,265 Alternative revenue programs 1,840,755 — 1,840,755 2,771,392 — 2,771,392 Total operating revenues $ 32,632,331 $ 27,045 $ 32,659,376 $ 38,000,977 $ 28,680 $ 38,029,657 Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 32,667,707 $ — $ 32,667,707 $ 40,742,276 $ — $ 40,742,276 Commercial 18,240,077 — 18,240,077 24,044,169 — 24,044,169 Transportation and interruptible 2,729,261 — 2,729,261 3,153,238 — 3,153,238 Other 485,057 54,543 539,600 684,918 58,248 743,166 Total contracts with customers 54,122,102 54,543 54,176,645 68,624,601 58,248 68,682,849 Alternative revenue programs 2,902,083 — 2,902,083 2,629,143 — 2,629,143 Total operating revenues $ 57,024,185 $ 54,543 $ 57,078,728 $ 71,253,744 $ 58,248 $ 71,311,992
Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable [Table Text Block]	Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 2,782,025 $ 1,240,097 $ 1,972,132 $ 1,476,321 Balance at March 31, 2024 6,485,713 2,850,532 947,563 1,697,018 Increase (decrease) $ 3,703,688 $ 1,610,435 $ (1,024,569 ) $ 220,697

Note 3 - Segment Information (T

Note 3 - Segment Information (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 32,632,331 $ — $ 27,045 $ 32,659,376 Depreciation 2,697,707 — — 2,697,707 Operating income (loss) 8,666,010 (55,285 ) 18,984 8,629,709 Equity in earnings — 1,229,384 — 1,229,384 Interest expense 911,804 654,809 — 1,566,613 Income before income taxes 7,844,299 518,705 18,963 8,381,967 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 38,000,977 $ — $ 28,680 $ 38,029,657 Depreciation 2,419,541 — — 2,419,541 Operating income (loss) 9,627,320 (58,747 ) 22,849 9,591,422 Equity in earnings — 2,867 — 2,867 Interest expense 810,346 585,516 — 1,395,862 Income (loss) before income taxes 8,939,360 (641,933 ) 22,824 8,320,251 Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 57,024,185 $ — $ 54,543 $ 57,078,728 Depreciation 5,395,414 — — 5,395,414 Operating income (loss) 15,310,308 (68,688 ) 40,126 15,281,746 Equity in earnings — 2,697,219 — 2,697,219 Interest expense 1,880,741 1,322,145 — 3,202,886 Income before income taxes 13,640,033 1,306,239 40,080 14,986,352 Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Operating revenues $ 71,253,744 $ — $ 58,248 $ 71,311,992 Depreciation 4,839,082 — — 4,839,082 Operating income (loss) 15,194,665 (105,451 ) 46,693 15,135,907 Equity in earnings — 4,099 — 4,099 Interest expense 1,632,912 1,132,114 — 2,765,026 Income (loss) before income taxes 13,759,315 (1,234,548 ) 46,643 12,571,410 March 31, 2024 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Total assets $ 271,487,651 $ 20,181,544 $ 21,690,335 $ 313,359,530 September 30, 2023 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Parent and Other Consolidated Total Total assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 17,182,772 $ 303,729,340

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tab

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Investment [Table Text Block]	Balance Sheet location: March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Other Assets: MVP $ 19,793,695 $ 17,096,476 Southgate 93,998 90,617 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 19,887,693 $ 17,187,093 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, Income Statement location: 2024 2023 2024 2023 Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate $ 1,229,384 $ 2,867 $ 2,697,219 $ 4,099 March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment $ 11,686,753 $ 9,683,797 Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Cash investment $ 3,381 $ 1,499,337 Change in accrued capital calls — (179,436 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 2,697,219 4,099 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 2,700,600 $ 1,324,000
Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]	Income Statements Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 AFUDC $ 146,538,660 $ — $ 305,100,801 $ — Other income, net 3,236,493 259,240 5,900,062 419,712 Net income $ 149,775,153 $ 259,240 $ 311,000,863 $ 419,712 Balance Sheets March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Assets: Current assets $ 228,561,994 $ 795,787,358 Construction work in progress 9,087,392,726 7,499,128,254 Other assets 12,421,629 11,639,586 Total assets $ 9,328,376,349 $ 8,306,555,198 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 238,854,774 $ 236,947,158 Noncurrent liabilities 34,000 — Capital 9,089,487,575 8,069,608,040 Total liabilities and equity $ 9,328,376,349 $ 8,306,555,198

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]	March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior notes payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 101,368 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.58 8,000,000 16,856 8,000,000 19,264 Unsecured term notes payable at 4.41 10,000,000 21,928 10,000,000 23,495 Unsecured term notes payable at 3.60 10,000,000 20,256 10,000,000 22,017 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 30,300 10,000,000 33,666 Midstream: Unsecured term notes payable at Term SOFR 2.00 23,275,000 45,218 23,000,000 23,386 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 5,417 14,000,000 6,621 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR 1.20 41,667 3.14 9,125,000 — 9,375,000 1,571 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 400,000 2.443 6,400,000 16,770 7,200,000 19,057 Total long-term debt 136,300,000 258,113 137,075,000 255,272 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (125,000 ) — (10,975,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 136,175,000 $ 258,113 $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272

Note 9 - Fair Value Measureme_2

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - March 31, 2024 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Fair Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 3,504,894 $ — $ 3,504,894 $ — Total $ 3,504,894 $ — $ 3,504,894 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,126,381 $ — $ 1,126,381 $ — Total $ 1,126,381 $ — $ 1,126,381 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Fair Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ —
Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - March 31, 2024 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Carrying Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 125,000 $ — $ — $ 125,000 Notes payable 136,175,000 — — 133,558,830 Total $ 136,300,000 $ — $ — $ 133,683,830 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Significant Prices Other Significant in Active Observable Unobservable Carrying Markets Inputs Inputs Value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share (T

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Net income $ 6,443,390 $ 6,341,886 $ 11,463,382 $ 9,598,291 Weighted average common shares 10,170,595 9,911,202 10,099,533 9,870,259 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 3,411 7,506 2,751 7,242 Diluted average common shares 10,174,006 9,918,708 10,102,284 9,877,501 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 0.63 $ 0.64 $ 1.14 $ 0.97 Diluted $ 0.63 $ 0.64 $ 1.13 $ 0.97

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive_2

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Tax Before-Tax (Expense) Net-of-Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 802,399 $ (206,537 ) $ 595,862 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (533,706 ) 137,376 (396,330 ) Net interest rate swaps 268,693 (69,161 ) 199,532 Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 16,015 (4,122 ) 11,893 Other comprehensive income $ 284,708 $ (73,283 ) $ 211,425 Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (260,544 ) $ 67,065 $ (193,479 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (419,712 ) 108,034 (311,678 ) Net interest rate swaps (680,256 ) 175,099 (505,157 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 19,703 (5,072 ) 14,631 Other comprehensive loss $ (660,553 ) $ 170,027 $ (490,526 ) Tax Before-Tax (Expense) Net-of-Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (33,672 ) $ 8,668 $ (25,004 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,078,889 ) 277,705 (801,184 ) Net interest rate swaps (1,112,561 ) 286,373 (826,188 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 32,030 (8,244 ) 23,786 Other comprehensive loss $ (1,080,531 ) $ 278,129 $ (802,402 ) Six Months Ended March 31, 2023 Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (216,597 ) $ 55,754 $ (160,843 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (710,491 ) 182,879 (527,612 ) Net interest rate swaps (927,088 ) 238,633 (688,455 ) Defined benefit plans: Amortization of net actuarial losses 39,406 (10,144 ) 29,262 Other comprehensive loss $ (887,682 ) $ 228,489 $ (659,193 )
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Accumulated Other Interest Rate Defined Benefit Comprehensive Swaps Plans Income (Loss) Balance at September 30, 2023 $ 3,428,922 $ (1,175,633 ) $ 2,253,289 Other comprehensive income (loss) (826,188 ) 23,786 (802,402 ) Balance at March 31, 2024 $ 2,602,734 $ (1,151,847 ) $ 1,450,887

Note 12 - Income Taxes (Tables)

Note 12 - Income Taxes (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Effective tax rate 23.1 % 23.8 % 23.5 % 23.6 %

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets a_2

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Regulatory Assets [Table Text Block]	March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 3,282,311 $ 414,689 Under-recovery of gas costs — 1,383,340 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 1,589,211 797,804 Accrued pension 121,509 243,017 Other deferred expenses 12,762 15,426 Total current 5,005,793 2,854,276 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,198,965 1,256,059 Accrued pension 3,786,265 3,786,265 Other deferred expenses 325,707 347,121 Total non-current 5,310,937 5,389,445 Total regulatory assets $ 10,316,730 $ 8,243,721
Schedule of Regulatory Liabilities [Table Text Block]	March 31, 2024 September 30, 2023 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of gas costs $ 780,133 $ — Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues 161,219 146,861 Rate refund — 652,018 Deferred income taxes 591,765 527,034 Supplier refunds 73,268 275,649 Other deferred liabilities 15,581 31,154 Total current 1,621,966 1,632,716 Deferred Credits and Other Non-Current Liabilities: Asset retirement obligations 10,941,196 10,792,831 Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 13,738,423 13,029,376 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 15,953,893 16,249,776 Deferred postretirement medical 1,781,917 1,781,917 Total non-current 42,415,429 41,853,900 Total regulatory liabilities $ 44,037,395 $ 43,486,616

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Pl_2

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Components of net periodic pension cost: Service cost $ 81,066 $ 91,635 $ 162,132 $ 183,270 Interest cost 367,206 343,025 734,412 686,050 Expected return on plan assets (294,958 ) (308,149 ) (589,916 ) (616,298 ) Recognized loss 79,132 79,181 158,264 158,362 Net periodic pension cost $ 232,446 $ 205,692 $ 464,892 $ 411,384 Three Months Ended March 31, Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Components of postretirement benefit cost: Service cost $ 7,599 $ 11,475 $ 15,198 $ 22,950 Interest cost 153,369 155,156 306,738 310,312 Expected return on plan assets (133,311 ) (116,012 ) (266,622 ) (232,024 ) Recognized gain (10,149 ) — (20,298 ) — Net postretirement benefit cost $ 17,508 $ 50,619 $ 35,016 $ 101,238

Note 16 - Leases (Tables)

Note 16 - Leases (Tables)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Notes Tables
Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 5,500 $ 3,300 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A N/A Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.5 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 % Six Months Ended March 31, 2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 12,266 $ 15,900 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A N/A Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.5 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 %
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]	2024 $ 36,800 2025 43,065 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 Thereafter 369,600 Total minimum lease payments 535,941 Less imputed interest (184,995 ) Total $ 350,946

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation (Details Textual)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Long-Term Line of Credit	$ 6,582,180
Number of States in which Entity Operates	2
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Unsecured Debt, Current	$ 34,000,000

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregati

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Total contracts with customers	$ 30,818,621	$ 35,258,265	$ 54,176,645	$ 68,682,849
Alternative revenue programs	1,840,755	2,771,392	2,902,083	2,629,143
Operating revenues	32,659,376	38,029,657	57,078,728	71,311,992
Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	18,843,065	21,376,436	32,667,707	40,742,276
Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	10,398,801	12,025,056	18,240,077	24,044,169
Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	1,358,991	1,565,170	2,729,261	3,153,238
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	217,764	291,603	539,600	743,166
Gas Utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	30,791,576	35,229,585	54,122,102	68,624,601
Alternative revenue programs	1,840,755	2,771,392	2,902,083	2,629,143
Operating revenues	32,632,331	38,000,977	57,024,185	71,253,744
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	18,843,065	21,376,436	32,667,707	40,742,276
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	10,398,801	12,025,056	18,240,077	24,044,169
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	1,358,991	1,565,170	2,729,261	3,153,238
Gas Utility [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	190,719	262,923	485,057	684,918
Non-utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	27,045	28,680	54,543	58,248
Alternative revenue programs	0	0	0	0
Operating revenues	27,045	28,680	54,543	58,248
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	$ 27,045	$ 28,680	$ 54,543	$ 58,248

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Acc

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)		6 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Trade accounts receivable		$ 9,451,708	$ 4,194,934
Unbilled revenue		2,850,532	1,240,097
Customer credit balances		947,563	1,972,132
Customer deposits		1,697,018	1,476,321
Increase (decrease) in Unbilled revenue	[1]	1,610,435
Increase (decrease) in Customer credit balances		(1,024,569)
Increase (decrease) in Customer deposits		220,697
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Trade accounts receivable		6,485,713	$ 2,782,025
Increase (decrease) in Trade accounts receivable	[1]	$ 3,703,688
[1]Included in accounts receivable in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. Amounts shown net of reserve for credit losses.

Note 3 - Segment Information -

Note 3 - Segment Information - Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Operating revenues	$ 32,659,376	$ 38,029,657	$ 57,078,728	$ 71,311,992
Depreciation	2,697,707	2,419,541	5,395,414	4,839,082
Operating income (loss)	8,629,709	9,591,422	15,281,746	15,135,907
Equity in earnings	1,229,384	2,867	2,697,219	4,099
Interest expense	1,566,613	1,395,862	3,202,886	2,765,026
Income before income taxes	8,381,967	8,320,251	14,986,352	12,571,410
Total assets	313,359,530		313,359,530		$ 303,729,340
Operating Segments [Member] | Gas Utility [Member]
Operating revenues	32,632,331	38,000,977	57,024,185	71,253,744
Depreciation	2,697,707	2,419,541	5,395,414	4,839,082
Operating income (loss)	8,666,010	9,627,320	15,310,308	15,194,665
Equity in earnings	0	0	0
Interest expense	911,804	810,346	1,880,741	1,632,912
Income before income taxes	7,844,299	8,939,360	13,640,033	13,759,315
Total assets	271,487,651		271,487,651		268,664,460
Operating Segments [Member] | Investment in Affiliates [Member]
Operating revenues	0	0	0
Depreciation	0	0	0
Operating income (loss)	(55,285)	(58,747)	(68,688)	(105,451)
Equity in earnings	1,229,384	2,867	2,697,219	4,099
Interest expense	654,809	585,516	1,322,145	1,132,114
Income before income taxes	518,705	(641,933)	1,306,239	(1,234,548)
Total assets	20,181,544		20,181,544		17,882,108
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]
Operating revenues	27,045	28,680	54,543	58,248
Depreciation	0	0	0
Operating income (loss)	18,984	22,849	40,126	46,693
Equity in earnings	0	0	0
Interest expense	0	0	0
Income before income taxes	18,963	$ 22,824	40,080	$ 46,643
Total assets	$ 21,690,335		$ 21,690,335		$ 17,182,772

Note 4 - Rates and Regulatory_2

Note 4 - Rates and Regulatory Matters (Details Textual)						3 Months Ended
	Feb. 02, 2024 USD ($)	Jul. 07, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 21, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 02, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 19, 2022	Jun. 02, 2022
Public Utilities, Requested Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount	$ 4,330,000				$ 8,550,000
Public Utilities, Approved Return on Equity, Percentage	9.44%
Public Utilities, Requested Return on Equity, Percentage	10.35%
Regulated Operating Revenue, SAVE Revenue					$ 4,050,000
Public Utilities, Approved Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount				$ 7,450,000
Recovery Costs, SAVE Eligible Expenses			$ 8,500,000
Investments			$ 49,500,000
SAVE Annual Revenues		$ 366,000
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Requested Acquisition								5
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Approved Acquisition							2
Natural Gas Delivery Assets [Member] | Housing Authority Management [Member]
Asset Acquisition, Recognized Pre-tax Gain						$ 311,000

Note 5 - Other Investments (Det

Note 5 - Other Investments (Details Textual) - RGC Midstream LLC [Member]	Mar. 31, 2024
MVP Southgate Investment [Member]
Subsidiary, Ownership Percentage, Noncontrolling Owner	1%
MVP [Member]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage	1%

Note 5 - Other Investments - Sc

Note 5 - Other Investments - Schedule of Other Investments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 19,887,693		$ 19,887,693		$ 17,187,093
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	1,229,384	$ 2,867	2,697,219	$ 4,099
Undistributed earnings, net of income taxes, of MVP in retained earnings, excluding impairment	11,686,753		11,686,753		9,683,797
Cash investment			3,381	1,499,337
Change in accrued capital calls			0	(179,436)
Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates			2,700,600	$ 1,324,000
MVP [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	19,793,695		19,793,695		17,096,476
Southgate [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 93,998		$ 93,998		$ 90,617

Note 5 - Other Investments - In

Note 5 - Other Investments - Investment in Unconsolidated Entity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Other income, net	$ 89,487		$ 121,824		$ 210,273	$ 196,430
Net income	6,443,390	$ 5,019,992	6,341,886	$ 3,256,405	11,463,382	9,598,291
Current assets	28,525,645				28,525,645		$ 26,795,262
Total assets	313,359,530				313,359,530		303,729,340
Current liabilities	21,702,382				21,702,382		32,918,787
Capital	110,543,862	$ 103,544,603	100,278,408	$ 94,890,007	110,543,862	100,278,408	100,732,625	$ 93,090,656
Total liabilities and equity	313,359,530				313,359,530		303,729,340
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Current assets	228,561,994				228,561,994		795,787,358
Construction work in progress	9,087,392,726				9,087,392,726		7,499,128,254
Other assets	12,421,629				12,421,629		11,639,586
Total assets	9,328,376,349				9,328,376,349		8,306,555,198
Current liabilities	238,854,774				238,854,774		236,947,158
Noncurrent liabilities	34,000				34,000		0
Capital	9,089,487,575				9,089,487,575		8,069,608,040
Total liabilities and equity	9,328,376,349				9,328,376,349		$ 8,306,555,198
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member] | MVP [Member]
AFUDC	146,538,660		0		305,100,801	0
Other income, net	3,236,493		259,240		5,900,062	419,712
Net income	$ 149,775,153		$ 259,240		$ 311,000,863	$ 419,712

Note 6 - Short-term Debt (Detai

Note 6 - Short-term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 24, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024
Long-Term Line of Credit		$ 6,582,180
Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 15,000,000
Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	25,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Revolving Note Maturing March 31, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 25,000,000
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.10%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Detail

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)						6 Months Ended
	May 02, 2024	Mar. 06, 2024	Jul. 28, 2023	Jun. 28, 2023	Mar. 24, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Apr. 03, 2023	Aug. 20, 2021
Debt Instruments, Overall Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 25,000,000
Regulatory Asset						$ 10,316,730	$ 8,243,721
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant Ratio of Long-term Debt to Total Capitalization, Maximum						65%
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Ratio of Priority Debt to Total Assets, Maximum						15%
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Interest Coverage Ratio						1.5
Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Regulatory Asset						$ 1,198,965	$ 1,256,059
Regulatory Asset, Amortization Period (Year)						20 years
Subsequent Event [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 9,000,000
Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount								$ 10,000,000
Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount									$ 15,000,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate								2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 8,000,000		$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				2.443%		2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Upfront Fee Percentage	0.40%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.125%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				1.26448%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.215%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 1 [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				1.15%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		2%	2%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Variable Rate Upon Meeting Milestones One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.75%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Variable Rate Upon Meeting Milestones Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.55%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member]
Unsecured Debt						$ 9,000,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 14,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				3.24%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate					1%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount					$ 10,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate					1%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 15,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate						2%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 258,113	$ 255,272
Total long-term debt, net current maturities	136,175,000	126,100,000
Notes Payable [Member]
Notes payable	136,300,000	137,075,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	258,113	255,272
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(125,000)	(10,975,000)
Total long-term debt, net current maturities	136,175,000	126,100,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Notes payable	30,500,000	30,500,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	101,368	106,195
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Notes payable	8,000,000	8,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	16,856	19,264
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	21,928	23,495
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	20,256	22,017
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Notes payable	15,000,000	15,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	0	0
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	30,300	33,666
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term notes payable, at TERM SOFR plus 2.00%, due December 31, 2024 [Member]
Notes payable	23,275,000	23,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	45,218	23,386
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Notes payable	14,000,000	14,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	5,417	6,621
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Notes payable	9,125,000	9,375,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	0	1,571
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	6,400,000	$ 7,200,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 16,770

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Lon_2

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Apr. 03, 2023
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]	Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Stated rate	4.26%	4.26%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Stated rate	3.58%	3.58%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Stated rate	4.41%	4.41%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Stated rate	3.60%	3.60%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.20%	1.20%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2%	2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1%	1%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.49%	2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate			2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term notes payable, at TERM SOFR plus 2.00%, due December 31, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2%	2%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.26448%	1.26448%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.24%	3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.20%	1.20%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.14%	3.14%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment	$ 41,667	$ 41,667
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.26448%	1.26448%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.443%	2.443%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment	$ 400,000	$ 400,000

Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedg_2

Note 8 - Derivatives and Hedging (Details Textual) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2023	Aug. 20, 2021 USD ($)
Number of Interest Rate Derivatives Held	5
Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 15
Roanoke Gas Company [Member]
Number of Interest Rate Derivatives Held	2
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 15
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 100 Basis Points, Due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 10
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate			2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 8	$ 8
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	2.443%	2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.15% Due June 12, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 14
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 10
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate	3.14%

Note 9 - Fair Value Measureme_3

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) Pure in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Accounts Receivable [Member]
Number of Major Customers	0	0

Note 9 - Fair Value Measureme_4

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Total Assets fair value	$ 3,504,894	$ 4,617,455
Natural gas purchases	1,126,381	1,022,662
Total Liabilities fair value	1,126,381	1,022,662
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	3,504,894	4,617,455
Natural gas purchases	1,126,381	1,022,662
Total Liabilities fair value	1,126,381	1,022,662
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Interest rate swaps	3,504,894
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,617,455
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	3,504,894
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,617,455
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	$ 0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		$ 0

Note 9 - Fair Value Measureme_5

Note 9 - Fair Value Measurements - Summary of the Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Adjusted to Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Current maturities of long-term debt	$ 125,000	$ 10,975,000
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	125,000	10,975,000
Notes payable	136,175,000	126,100,000
Total Liabilities fair value	136,300,000	137,075,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	125,000	10,975,000
Notes payable	133,558,830	120,298,658
Total Liabilities fair value	$ 133,683,830	$ 131,273,658

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share -

Note 10 - Earnings Per Share - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Net income	$ 6,443,390	$ 5,019,992	$ 6,341,886	$ 3,256,405	$ 11,463,382	$ 9,598,291
Weighted average common shares (in shares)	10,170,595		9,911,202		10,099,533	9,870,259
Options to purchase common stock (in shares)	3,411		7,506		2,751	7,242
Diluted average common shares (in shares)	10,174,006		9,918,708		10,102,284	9,877,501
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63		$ 0.64		$ 1.14	$ 0.97
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 0.63		$ 0.64		$ 1.13	$ 0.97

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive_3

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income and Loss (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Unrealized gains (losses)	$ 802,399		$ (260,544)		$ (33,672)	$ (216,597)
Unrealized gains (losses)	(206,537)		67,065		8,668	55,754
Unrealized gains (losses)	595,862		(193,479)		(25,004)	(160,843)
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	(533,706)		(419,712)		(1,078,889)	(710,491)
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	137,376		108,034		277,705	182,879
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	(396,330)		(311,678)		(801,184)	(527,612)
Net interest rate swaps	268,693		(680,256)		(1,112,561)	(927,088)
Net interest rate swaps	(69,161)		175,099		286,373	238,633
Net interest rate swaps	199,532		(505,157)		(826,188)	(688,455)
Amortization of net actuarial losses	16,015		19,703		32,030	39,406
Amortization of net actuarial losses	(4,122)		(5,072)		(8,244)	(10,144)
Amortization of net actuarial losses	11,893		14,631		23,786	29,262
Other comprehensive income	284,708		(660,553)		(1,080,531)	(887,682)
Other comprehensive income	(73,283)		170,027		278,129	228,489
Other comprehensive income	$ 211,425	$ (1,013,827)	$ (490,526)	$ (168,667)	$ (802,402)	$ (659,193)

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive_4

Note 11 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) - Reconciliation of Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Balance	$ 103,544,603	$ 100,732,625	$ 94,890,007	$ 93,090,656	$ 100,732,625	$ 93,090,656
Other comprehensive income (loss)	211,425	(1,013,827)	(490,526)	(168,667)	(802,402)	(659,193)
Balance	110,543,862	103,544,603	100,278,408	94,890,007	110,543,862	100,278,408
Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge, Parent [Member]
Balance		3,428,922			3,428,922
Other comprehensive income (loss)					(826,188)
Balance	2,602,734				2,602,734
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance		(1,175,633)			(1,175,633)
Other comprehensive income (loss)					23,786
Balance	(1,151,847)				(1,151,847)
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	1,239,462	2,253,289	1,795,697	1,964,364	2,253,289	1,964,364
Other comprehensive income (loss)	211,425	(1,013,827)	(490,526)	(168,667)	(802,402)
Balance	$ 1,450,887	$ 1,239,462	$ 1,305,171	$ 1,795,697	$ 1,450,887	$ 1,305,171

Note 12 - Income Taxes (Details

Note 12 - Income Taxes (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal and State Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	25.74%	25.74%

Note 12 - Income Taxes - Income

Note 12 - Income Taxes - Income Positions (Details)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Effective tax rate	23.10%	23.80%	23.50%	23.60%

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets a_3

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Remaining Amounts of Regulatory Assets for which No Return on Investment During Recovery Period is Provided	$ 10,316,730	$ 8,243,721

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets a_4

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Regulatory Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Regulatory assets	$ 5,005,793	$ 2,854,276
Noncurrent regulatory assets	5,310,937	5,389,445
Total regulatory assets	10,316,730	8,243,721
WNA [Member]
Regulatory assets	3,282,311	414,689
Regulatory Clause Revenues, under-Recovered [Member]
Regulatory assets	0	1,383,340
Under-recovery of RNG Revenues [Member]
Regulatory assets	1,589,211	797,804
Pension Costs [Member]
Regulatory assets	121,509	243,017
Noncurrent regulatory assets	3,786,265	3,786,265
Other Assets [Member]
Regulatory assets	12,762	15,426
Noncurrent regulatory assets	325,707	347,121
Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Noncurrent regulatory assets	1,198,965	1,256,059
Total regulatory assets	$ 1,198,965	$ 1,256,059

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets a_5

Note 13 - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities - Schedule of Regulatory Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Regulatory liabilities	$ 1,621,966	$ 1,632,716
Asset retirement obligations	10,941,196	10,792,831
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	13,738,423	13,029,376
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	17,735,810	18,031,693
Total non-current	42,415,429	41,853,900
Total regulatory liabilities	44,037,395	43,486,616
Over-recovery of Gas Cost [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	780,133	0
Revenue Subject to Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	161,219	146,861
Rate Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	0	652,018
Deferred Income Tax Charge [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	591,765	527,034
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	15,953,893	16,249,776
Supplier Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	73,268	275,649
Other Deferred Liabilities [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	15,581	31,154
Other Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) [Member]
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	$ 1,781,917	$ 1,781,917

Note 14 - Commitments and Con_2

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024
Number of Pipelines	2

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Pl_3

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual) - Pension Plan [Member] $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Contributions by Employer	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year	$ 0	$ 0

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Pl_4

Note 15 - Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Components of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Pension Plan [Member]
Service cost	$ 81,066	$ 91,635	$ 162,132	$ 183,270
Interest cost	367,206	343,025	734,412	686,050
Expected return on plan assets	(294,958)	(308,149)	(589,916)	(616,298)
Recognized loss	79,132	79,181	158,264	158,362
Net periodic pension cost	232,446	205,692	464,892	411,384
Postemployment Retirement Benefits [Member]
Service cost	7,599	11,475	15,198	22,950
Interest cost	153,369	155,156	306,738	310,312
Expected return on plan assets	(133,311)	(116,012)	(266,622)	(232,024)
Recognized loss	(10,149)	0	(20,298)	0
Net periodic pension cost	$ 17,508	$ 50,619	$ 35,016	$ 101,238

Note 16 - Leases (Details Textu

Note 16 - Leases (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Assets [Abstract]
Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent		$ 570,975	$ 624,095
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Other Liabilities, Current		31,010	30,281
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent		45,196,399	$ 44,233,200
Number of Additional Operating Leases	3
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset		$ 346,786
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		$ 31,010
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent		$ 319,936
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Liabilities, Current
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent
Three Other Operating Leases [Member]
Operating Lease, Cost		$ 50,000
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	6 years
RNG [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	20 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term (Year)	5 years

Note 16 - Leases - Lease Cost (

Note 16 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Mar. 31, 2023
Cash paid on operating leases	$ 5,500	$ 3,300	$ 12,266	$ 15,900
Weighted-average remaining term (in years) (Year)	17 years 4 months 24 days	17 years 6 months	17 years 4 months 24 days	17 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate	5.65%	5.65%	5.65%	5.65%

Note 16 - Leases - Operating Le

Note 16 - Leases - Operating Lease Maturity (Details)	Mar. 31, 2024
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Liabilities