RGC Resources (RGCO) 10-K 4 Dec 24 2024 FY Annual report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0001069533
Entity Registrant Name	RGC Resources, Inc.
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--09-30
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	000-26591
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	VA
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1909697
Entity Address, Address Line One	519 Kimball Ave., N.E.
Entity Address, City or Town	Roanoke
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	24016
City Area Code	540
Local Phone Number	777-4427
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $5 Par Value
Trading Symbol	RGCO
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	false
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 165,308,218
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		10,263,191
Auditor Firm ID	34
Auditor Name	Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Location	Richmond, Virginia

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 894,185	$ 1,512,431
Accounts receivable, net	4,483,739	4,194,934
Inventories	1,799,631	1,674,462
Gas in storage	8,491,490	11,185,601
Prepaid income taxes	2,362,069	3,227,544
Regulatory assets	5,103,910	2,854,276
Interest rate swaps	871,026	1,533,057
Other	1,066,251	612,957
Total current assets	25,072,301	26,795,262
UTILITY PROPERTY:
In service	345,864,008	318,369,891
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(92,462,376)	(85,752,798)
In service, net	253,401,632	232,617,093
Construction work in progress	8,639,822	14,966,458
Utility property, net	262,041,454	247,583,551
OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS:
Regulatory assets	4,445,044	5,389,445
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	21,057,222	17,187,093
Benefit plan assets	5,416,536	1,901,902
Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net	771,746	1,163,594
Interest rate swaps	1,191,526	3,084,398
Other	703,394	624,095
Total other non-current assets	33,585,468	29,350,527
TOTAL ASSETS	320,699,223	303,729,340
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Current maturities of long-term debt	800,000	10,975,000
Line-of-credit	11,166,181	4,353,572
Dividends payable	2,050,286	1,978,400
Accounts payable	5,429,703	5,838,643
Customer credit balances	1,915,859	1,972,132
Customer deposits	1,488,113	1,476,321
Accrued expenses	4,988,281	4,661,722
Regulatory liabilities	834,278	1,632,716
Other	25,729	30,281
Total current liabilities	28,698,430	32,918,787
LONG-TERM DEBT:
Notes payable	136,955,000	126,100,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(282,092)	(255,272)
Long-term debt, net	136,672,908	125,844,728
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Asset retirement obligations	11,142,095	10,792,831
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	14,409,847	13,029,376
Benefit plan liabilities	113,600	47,674
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	1,890,562	2,008,458
Regulatory liabilities	19,326,567	18,031,693
Other	308,439	323,168
Total deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	47,191,110	44,233,200
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 14)
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
Common stock, $5 par value; authorized 20,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 10,249,899 and 10,015,254 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively	51,249,495	50,076,270
Preferred stock, no par; authorized 5,000,000 shares; no shares issued and outstanding in 2024 and 2023	0	0
Capital in excess of par value	47,988,270	44,430,786
Retained earnings	7,572,439	3,972,280
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,326,571	2,253,289
Total stockholders’ equity	108,136,775	100,732,625
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$ 320,699,223	$ 303,729,340

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Pa

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 5	$ 5
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	20,000,000	20,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	10,249,899	10,015,254
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	10,249,899	10,015,254
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0

Consolidated Statements of Inco

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenues	$ 84,641,232	$ 97,439,765
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Operations and maintenance	18,354,736	15,903,972
Taxes other than income taxes	2,694,652	2,324,314
Depreciation and amortization	10,518,094	9,764,678
Total operating expenses	67,559,472	79,761,285
OPERATING INCOME	17,081,760	17,678,480
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	3,851,871	2,084,990
Other income, net	1,028,761	646,528
Interest expense	6,504,885	5,618,805
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	15,457,507	14,791,193
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	3,696,611	3,491,911
NET INCOME	$ 11,760,896	$ 11,299,282
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 1.14
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 1.14
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING:
Basic (in shares)	10,152,909	9,922,701
Diluted (in shares)	10,156,480	9,927,157
Gas Utility [Member]
Revenues	$ 84,533,101	$ 97,325,307
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	35,967,987	51,742,718
Non-utility [Member]
Revenues	108,131	114,458
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of gas and sale	$ 24,003	$ 25,603

Consolidated Statements of Comp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
NET INCOME	$ 11,760,896	$ 11,299,282
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	(1,897,273)	(134,419)
Defined benefit plans	970,555	423,344
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS), NET OF TAX	(926,718)	288,925
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	10,834,178	11,588,207
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Interest rate swaps	$ (1,897,273)	$ (134,419)

Consolidated Statements of Stoc

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($)	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ 49,102,675	$ 41,479,459	$ 544,158	$ 1,964,364	$ 93,090,656
Net income	0	0	11,299,282	0	11,299,282
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	288,925	288,925
Exercise of stock options	62,500	137,500	0	0	200,000
Stock-based compensation	0	21,560	0	0	21,560
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(7,871,160)	0	(7,871,160)
Issuance costs	0	(221,618)	0	0	(221,618)
Issuance of common stock	911,095	3,013,885	0	0	3,924,980
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	50,076,270	44,430,786	3,972,280	2,253,289	100,732,625
Net income	0	0	11,760,896	0	11,760,896
Other comprehensive income (loss)	0	0	0	(926,718)	(926,718)
Stock-based compensation	0	51,500	0	0	51,500
Cash dividends declared	0	0	(8,160,737)	0	(8,160,737)
Issuance costs	0	(82,793)	0	0	(82,793)
Issuance of common stock	1,173,225	3,588,777	0	0	4,762,002
Balance at Sep. 30, 2024	$ 51,249,495	$ 47,988,270	$ 7,572,439	$ 1,326,571	$ 108,136,775

Consolidated Statements of St_2

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Stock options exercised (in shares)		12,500
Dividends declared per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.8	$ 0.79
Common stock issued (in shares)	234,645	182,219

Consolidated Statements of Cash

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$ 11,760,896	$ 11,299,282
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Depreciation and amortization	10,518,094	9,993,206
Cost of retirement of utility property	(576,771)	(824,637)
Stock-based compensation	711,924	21,560
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	(3,851,871)	(2,084,990)
Donated property	(781,990)	(311,473)
Allowance for funds used during construction	0	(362,685)
Deferred income taxes	(121,781)	38,241
Other noncash items, net	516,836	244,207
Changes in assets and liabilities which provided (used) cash:
Accounts receivable and customer deposits, net	(275,196)	1,393,153
Inventories and gas in storage	2,568,942	5,285,142
Regulatory and other assets	(2,765,027)	(891,152)
Regulatory liabilities	(1,006,472)	88,368
Other	736,041	(91,522)
Net cash provided by operating activities	17,433,625	23,796,700
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Additions to utility property	(22,094,406)	(25,306,524)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	(18,258)	(2,133,534)
Proceeds from disposal of utility property	79,032	37,940
Net cash used in investing activities	(22,033,632)	(27,402,118)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Borrowings under line-of-credit	45,388,194	33,172,013
Repayments under line-of-credit	(38,575,585)	(28,818,441)
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured notes	10,855,000	1,103,800
Retirement of notes payable	(10,175,000)	(1,300,000)
Debt issuance expenses	(101,206)	(33,722)
Proceeds from issuance of stock	(4,679,209)	(3,903,362)
Cash dividends paid	(8,088,851)	(7,808,077)
Net cash provided by financing activities	3,981,761	218,935
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	(618,246)	(3,386,483)
BEGINNING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	1,512,431	4,898,914
ENDING CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	894,185	1,512,431
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Interest	6,273,144	5,299,959
Income taxes	2,940,000	1,775,145
Significant noncash investing activities:
Accrued capital expenditures	$ 1,257,734	$ 1,132,621

Note 1 - Summary of Significant

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting and reporting standards established by the FASB and the SEC, including certain provisions allowed under the smaller reporting company exceptions. Rate Regulated Basis of Accounting 980, Regulated Operations 980 no 980 no Regulatory assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 2023 September 30 2024 2023 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 919,375 $ 414,689 Under-recovery of gas costs 2,690,247 1,383,340 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 1,331,064 797,804 Under-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues 107,678 — Accrued pension 42,785 243,017 Other deferred expenses 12,761 15,426 Total current 5,103,910 2,854,276 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,141,872 1,256,059 Accrued pension 2,998,881 3,786,265 Other deferred expenses 304,291 347,121 Total non-current 4,445,044 5,389,445 Total regulatory assets $ 9,548,954 $ 8,243,721 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ — $ 146,861 Rate refund 37,500 652,018 Deferred income taxes 591,764 527,034 Supplier refunds 30,556 275,649 Other deferred liabilities 174,458 31,154 Total current 834,278 1,632,716 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 14,409,847 13,029,376 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 15,468,096 16,249,776 Deferred postretirement medical 3,858,471 1,781,917 Total non-current 33,736,414 31,061,069 Total regulatory liabilities $ 34,570,692 $ 32,693,785 Amortization of $116,085 and $213,450 of regulatory assets for the years ended September 30, 2024 2023 September 30, 2024 2023, September 30, 2024 2023 As of September 30, 2024 not Utility Property and Depreciation one Utility property is composed of the following major classes of assets: September 30 2024 2023 Distribution and transmission $ 312,999,348 $ 286,200,652 LNG storage 15,437,447 15,407,053 General and miscellaneous 17,427,213 16,762,186 Total utility property in service $ 345,864,008 $ 318,369,891 Provisions for depreciation are computed principally at composite straight-line rates over a range of periods. Rates are determined by depreciation studies, which are required to be performed at least every 5 years on the regulated utility assets of Roanoke Gas. The most recent depreciation study was completed and approved by the SCC staff in fiscal 2024. September 30, 2024 2023 The composite rates are composed of two one one not 980. The Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not In fiscal 2020, two 2024 2022, September 30, 2023, March 2023, not September 30, 2024. 4 Asset Retirement Obligations 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations The following is a summary of the AROs: Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079 Liabilities incurred 86,483 91,670 Liabilities settled (168,913 ) (180,865 ) Accretion 582,383 677,947 Revisions to estimates and other (150,689 ) — Ending balance $ 11,142,095 $ 10,792,831 Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments not not three Customer Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses A reconciliation of changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271 Provision for credit losses 110,676 54,211 Recoveries of accounts written off 173,660 181,676 Accounts written off (286,153 ) (451,994 ) Ending balance $ 153,347 $ 155,164 Lease Accounting not third may 12 not Financing Receivables Inventories Unbilled Revenues not not September 30, 2024 2023 Income Taxes not not Debt Expenses Over/Under-Recovery of Natural Gas Costs may 12 Fair Value one three • Level 1 • Level 2 1 not • Level 3 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 3 one three 8 12. Use of Estimates Excise and Sales Taxes Earnings Per Share September 30, 2024 2023 Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Net income $ 11,760,896 $ 11,299,282 Weighted-average common shares 10,152,909 9,922,701 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 3,571 4,456 Diluted average common shares 10,156,480 9,927,157 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.16 $ 1.14 Diluted $ 1.16 $ 1.14 Business and Credit Concentrations No sales to individual customers accounted for more than 5% of total revenue in any period. No individual customer amounted to more than 5% of total accounts receivable at September 30, 2024 2023. Roanoke Gas currently holds the only franchises and/or CPCNs to distribute natural gas in its service area. These franchises generally extend for multi-year periods, are renewable by the municipalities and are intended for perpetual duration, including exclusive franchises in the cities of Roanoke, Salem and the Town of Vinton. All franchises are set to expire December 31, 2035. Roanoke Gas is currently served by three primary pipelines that provide the natural gas supplied to the Company’s customers. Depending upon weather conditions and the level of customer demand, failure of one Derivative and Hedging Activities 815, Derivatives and Hedging The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy allows management to enter into derivatives for the purpose of managing the commodity and financial market risks of its business operations. The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative purposes. The key market risks that the Company may From time to time, the Company has entered into collars, swaps and caps for the purpose of hedging the price of natural gas in order to provide price stability during the winter months. The fair value of these instruments is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets with the offsetting entry to either under- or over-recovery of gas costs. Net income and other comprehensive income are not September 30, 2024 2023 The Company has four interest rate swaps associated with certain of its variable rate debt. Roanoke Gas has two two two No See Notes 7 8 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2024: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (554,778 ) $ 142,800 $ (411,978 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (2,000,126 ) 514,831 (1,485,295 ) Net interest rate swaps (2,554,904 ) 657,631 (1,897,273 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 1,233,462 (317,492 ) 915,970 Amortization of actuarial losses 73,505 (18,920 ) 54,585 Net defined benefit plans 1,306,967 (336,412 ) 970,555 Other comprehensive loss $ (1,247,937 ) $ 321,219 $ (926,718 ) Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925 The amortization of actuarial gains or losses are included as a component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs under other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Composition of AOCI: Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2022 $ 3,563,341 $ (1,598,977 ) $ 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 3,428,922 (1,175,633 ) 2,253,289 Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,897,273 ) 970,555 (926,718 ) Balance September 30, 2024 $ 1,531,649 $ (205,078 ) $ 1,326,571 Recently Issued Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 September 30, 2024. 7 8 In November 2023, 2023 07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280 October 1, 2024 October 1, 2025. December 2023, 2023 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 5 not two October 1, 2025. March 2024, 2027 May 28, 2024; may In November 2024, 2024 03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220 October 1, 2027 October 1, 2028. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standard–setting bodies are not not Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations.

Note 2 - Revenue

Note 2 - Revenue	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Text Block]	2. REVENUE The Company assesses new contracts and identifies related performance obligations for promises to transfer distinct goods or services to the customer. Revenue is recognized when performance obligations have been satisfied. In the case of Roanoke Gas, the Company contracts with its customers for the sale and/or delivery of natural gas. The following tables summarize revenue by customer, product and income statement classification for the years ended September 30: 2024 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 46,472,676 $ — $ 46,472,676 Commercial 27,659,507 — 27,659,507 Transportation and Interruptible 5,414,157 — 5,414,157 Other 879,186 108,131 987,317 Total contracts with customers 80,425,526 108,131 80,533,657 Alternative revenue programs 4,107,575 — 4,107,575 Total operating revenues $ 84,533,101 $ 108,131 $ 84,641,232 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 54,342,435 $ — $ 54,342,435 Commercial 33,083,485 — 33,083,485 Transportation and Interruptible 5,730,726 — 5,730,726 Other 1,122,710 114,458 1,237,168 Total contracts with customers 94,279,356 114,458 94,393,814 Alternative revenue programs 3,045,951 — 3,045,951 Total operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765 Gas utility revenues Substantially all of Roanoke Gas’ revenues are derived from rates authorized by the SCC through its tariffs. Based on its evaluation, the Company has concluded that these tariff-based revenues fall within the scope of ASC 606. All customers are billed monthly based on consumption as measured by metered usage with payments due 20 no Unbilled revenue is included in residential and commercial revenues in the preceding table. Natural gas consumption is estimated for the period subsequent to the last billed date and up through the last day of the month. Estimated volumes and approved tariff rates are utilized to calculate unbilled revenue. The following month, the unbilled estimate is reversed, the actual usage is billed and a new unbilled estimate is calculated. The Company obtains metered usage for transportation and interruptible customers at the end of each month, thereby eliminating any unbilled consideration for these rate classes. Other revenues Other revenues primarily consist of miscellaneous fees and charges, utility-related revenues not no Alternative revenue program revenues ARPs, which fall outside the scope of ASC 606, 30 Customer accounts receivable and liabilities Accounts receivable, as reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets, includes both billed and unbilled customer revenues, as well as amounts that are not Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits September 30, 2023 $ 2,782,025 $ 1,240,097 $ 1,972,132 $ 1,476,321 September 30, 2024 3,080,140 1,294,798 1,915,859 1,488,113 Increase (decrease) $ 298,115 $ 54,701 $ (56,273 ) $ 11,792 ( 1 The Company did not

Note 3 - Segment Information

Note 3 - Segment Information	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Segment Reporting Disclosure [Text Block]	3. SEGMENT INFORMATION Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the Company's executive management in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company uses operating income and equity in earnings to assess segment performance. Intersegment transactions are recorded at cost. The reportable segments disclosed herein are defined as follows: Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Information related to the segments of the Company are provided below: Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2024: Operating revenues $ 84,533,101 $ — $ 84,533,101 Corporate and other — — 108,131 Total revenues 84,533,101 — 84,641,232 Depreciation and amortization 10,518,094 — 10,518,094 Operating income (loss) 17,130,480 (136,840 ) 16,993,640 Corporate and other — — 88,120 Total operating income (loss) 17,130,480 (136,840 ) 17,081,760 Equity in earnings — 3,851,871 3,851,871 Interest expense 3,700,674 2,804,211 6,504,885 Income before income taxes 14,459,009 910,490 15,369,499 Corporate and other — — 88,008 Total income before income taxes $ 14,459,009 $ 910,490 $ 15,457,507 As of September 30, 2024: Assets $ 280,508,989 $ 21,324,361 $ 301,833,350 Corporate and other — — 18,865,873 Total assets 280,508,989 21,324,361 320,699,223 Gross additions to utility property 22,094,406 — 22,094,406 Gross investment in affiliates $ — $ 18,258 $ 18,258 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2023: Operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ — $ 97,325,307 Corporate and other — — 114,458 Total revenues 97,325,307 — 97,439,765 Depreciation and amortization 9,764,678 — 9,764,678 Operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 17,594,418 Corporate and other — — 84,062 Total operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 17,678,480 Equity in earnings — 2,084,990 2,084,990 Interest expense 3,216,220 2,402,585 5,618,805 Income (loss) before income taxes 15,260,605 (553,378 ) 14,707,227 Corporate and other — — 83,966 Total income (loss) before income taxes $ 15,260,605 $ (553,378 ) $ 14,791,193 As of September 30, 2023: Assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 286,546,568 Corporate and other — — 17,182,772 Total assets 268,664,460 17,882,108 303,729,340 Gross additions to utility property 25,306,524 — 25,306,524 Gross investment in affiliates $ — $ 2,133,534 $ 2,133,534

Note 4 - Regulatory Matters

Note 4 - Regulatory Matters	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Public Utilities Disclosure [Text Block]	4. REGULATORY MATTERS The SCC exercises regulatory authority over the natural gas operations of Roanoke Gas. Such regulation encompasses terms, conditions and rates to be charged to customers for natural gas service, safety standards, service extension and depreciation. In response to continued inflationary pressures, Roanoke Gas filed a general rate application on February 2, 2024 July 1, 2024, October 16, 2024, second 2025. The SCC requires regulated utilities within the state to perform a depreciation study every five 2019. February 2024, July 2024, October 1, 2023. fourth September 30, 2024. On December 2, 2022, January 1, 2023, fourth 2023, October 1, 2023. December 19, 2023 February 2024. On August 31, 2023, October 1, 2023. 2024 five September 30, 2028. 2024. June 28, 2024, October 1, 2024. 2025 2024 September 24, 2024, 2022 2024 By Order dated September 1, 2023, October 1, 2023 September 30, 2024. May 30, 2024. May 30, 2024, October 1, 2024. 2024 September 4, 2024, 2022 2024 On June 2, 2022, five July 2022. The housing authority completed the transfer of two 2022, 2023 2024. 2025. 2022, 2023 2024, 958. no

Note 5 - Other Investments

Note 5 - Other Investments	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures Disclosure [Text Block]	5. OTHER INVESTMENTS Midstream owns a less than 1% equity investment in the LLC that owns and operates the MVP. The Company accounts for its interest in the LLC under the equity method of accounting given the LLC maintains specific ownership accounts for each investor, and also considering the Company's rights under the LLC management agreement and the Company's involvement as a customer of the MVP. The Company has been using the equity method since the inception of its investment in fiscal 2016. June 14, 2024 July 1, 2024, June 2028. While under construction, AFUDC provided the majority of the income recognized by Midstream. The amount of AFUDC recognized during the current and prior year is included in the equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate in the tables below. AFUDC ceased in June 2024 The Company participates in the earnings of the LLC proportionate to its level of investment. With the MVP now in operation, the Company recognizes its share of earnings from the LLC, favorably adjusted for a basis difference between the Company's proportional share of assets and its carrying value that arose when the Company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of its investment in 2022. 40 first October 2024. Midstream assesses the value of its investment in the LLC on at least a quarterly basis, and no 2024 2023. Funding for Midstream's investments has been provided through equity contributions from Resources and unsecured promissory notes as detailed in Note 7. The investments in the LLC are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows: September 30 Balance Sheet location: 2024 2023 Other Assets: MVP $ 20,948,347 $ 17,096,476 Southgate 108,875 90,617 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 21,057,222 $ 17,187,093 The change in the investment in unconsolidated affiliates is provided below: September 30 2024 2023 Cash investment $ 18,258 $ 2,133,534 Change in accrued capital calls — (804,506 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 3,851,871 2,084,990 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 3,870,129 $ 3,414,018 Summary unaudited financial statements of MVP are presented below. Southgate financial statements, which are accounted for under the cost method, are not Income Statements Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Revenue $ 143,052,597 $ — Operating expenses (78,822,028 ) — AFUDC 343,922,690 203,721,584 Other income, net 9,900,128 2,091,886 Net income $ 418,053,387 $ 205,813,470 Balance Sheets September 30 2024 2023 Assets: Current assets $ 263,966,727 $ 795,787,358 Construction work in progress 1,568,267 7,499,128,254 Property, plant and equipment, net 9,522,815,742 — Other assets 13,732,299 11,639,586 Total assets $ 9,802,083,035 $ 8,306,555,198 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 168,645,751 $ 236,947,158 Noncurrent liabilities 68,965 — Capital 9,633,368,319 8,069,608,040 Total liabilities and equity $ 9,802,083,035 $ 8,306,555,198

Note 6 - Line-of-credit

Note 6 - Line-of-credit	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Debt Disclosure [Text Block]	6. LINE-OF-CREDIT On March 24, 2023, March 31, 2024, March 31, 2025. September 30, 2024, The Company's total available borrowing limits for the remaining term are as follows: Available As of Line-of-Credit September 30, 2024 $ 20,000,000 October 1, 2024 25,000,000 March 1, 2025 15,000,000 A summary of the line-of-credit follows: September 30 2024 2023 Available line-of-credit at year-end $ 20,000,000 $ 13,000,000 Outstanding balance at year-end 11,166,181 4,353,572 Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances 6.39 % 5.16 % Interest rate at year-end 6.29 % 6.43 % Interest rate on unused line-of-credit 0.15 % 0.15 %

Note 7 - Long-term Debt

Note 7 - Long-term Debt	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Long-Term Debt [Text Block]	7. LONG-TERM DEBT Long-term debt consisted of the following: September 30 2024 2023 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior note payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 96,541 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 Unsecured term note payable at 3.58 8,000,000 14,448 8,000,000 19,264 Unsecured term note payable at 4.41 10,000,000 20,362 10,000,000 23,495 Unsecured term note payable at 3.60 10,000,000 18,494 10,000,000 22,017 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 27,044 10,000,000 33,666 Midstream: Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.75 1.55 24,855,000 32,299 23,000,000 23,386 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 4,213 14,000,000 6,621 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 400,000 2.443 6,400,000 21,406 7,200,000 19,057 Revolving credit facility at Daily Simple SOFR 2.215 9,000,000 47,285 — — Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR 1.20 41,667 3.14 — — 9,375,000 1,571 Total long-term debt $ 137,755,000 $ 282,092 $ 137,075,000 $ 255,272 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (800,000 ) — (10,975,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 136,955,000 $ 282,092 $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272 On March 6, 2024, one one December 31, 2025. On May 2, 2024, 2.215%; May 2, 2026. On May 29, 2024, June 1, 2024 On June 28, 2023, June 12, 2019 November 1, 2021, July 1, 2023. March 6, 2024, April 1, 2024 January 1, 2025. April 1, 2025. June 2023, not March 6, 2024. On March 24, 2023, September 24, 2021. April 1, 2023. April 3, 2023, September 24, 2021. 1 Debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the related debt. As of September 30, 2024 2023 All of the debt agreements set forth certain representations, warranties and covenants to which the Company is subject, including financial covenants that limit consolidated long-term indebtedness to not not not 1, December 31, 2021, not 1. September 30, 2024 2023. The aggregate annual maturities of long-term debt for the next five September 30, 2024 Year Ending September 30 Maturities 2025 $ 800,000 2026 64,455,000 2027 1,600,000 2028 10,400,000 2029 10,000,000 Thereafter 50,500,000 Total $ 137,755,000

Note 8 - Fair Value

Note 8 - Fair Value	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	8. FAIR VALUE The following table summarizes the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy as defined in Note 1 September 30, 2024 2023 no September 30, 2024 2023. Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 2,062,551 $ — $ 2,062,551 $ — Total $ 2,062,551 $ — $ 2,062,551 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 761,020 $ — $ 761,020 $ — Total $ 761,020 $ — $ 761,020 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — The fair value of the interest rate swaps are determined by using the counterparty's proprietary models that include observable quoted market interest rates and interest rate futures as well as certain assumptions regarding past, present and future market conditions. See Note 5 Under the asset management contract, a timing difference can exist between the payment for natural gas purchases and the actual receipt of such purchases. Payments are made based on a predetermined monthly volume with the price based on the weighted average first September 30, 2024 2023 first The Company’s non-financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis consist of its AROs. The AROs are measured at fair value at initial recognition based on expected future cash flows to settle the obligation. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, borrowings under line-of-credit, accounts payable, customer credit balances and customer deposits is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. In addition, the carrying amount of the variable rate line-of-credit is a reasonable approximation of its fair value. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are not September 30, 2024 2023 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 800,000 $ — $ — $ 800,000 Notes payable 136,955,000 — — 135,471,275 Total $ 137,755,000 $ — $ — $ 136,271,275 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658 The fair value of long-term debt is estimated by discounting the future cash flows of the fixed rate debt based on the underlying Treasury rate or other Treasury instrument with a corresponding maturity period and estimated credit spread extrapolated based on market conditions since the issuance of the debt. ASC 825, Financial Instruments, three

Note 9 - Income Taxes

Note 9 - Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	9. INCOME TAXES Under the provisions of ASC 740, 2018 five December 2023. The details of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Current income taxes: Federal $ 3,128,721 $ 2,935,052 State 689,671 650,238 Total current income taxes 3,818,392 3,585,290 Deferred income taxes: . Federal (398,588 ) (223,862 ) State 276,807 262,103 Total deferred income taxes (121,781 ) 38,241 Amortization of R&D tax credits: Federal — (129,600 ) State — (2,020 ) Total amortization of R&D tax credits — (131,620 ) Total income tax expense $ 3,696,611 $ 3,491,911 Income tax expense for the years ended September 30, 2024 2023 Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Income before income taxes $ 15,457,507 $ 14,791,193 Corporate federal income tax rate 21 % 21 % Income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate $ 3,246,076 $ 3,106,151 State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense 763,518 720,749 Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations (315,708 ) (162,228 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits — (131,620 ) Net amortization of RNG tax credits (100,649 ) (58,669 ) Reserve for unrecognized tax benefits 82,000 — Other, net 21,374 17,528 Total income tax expense $ 3,696,611 $ 3,491,911 During fiscal 2022, 26 41 2022 2021 2021 2023 2024 not 2023 2024 2023, 2020 2021 During fiscal 2022, 2021 2022 2023 2024 not 2023 2024 In accordance with the SCC settlement agreement in relation to the Company’s non-gas rate application, the amortization of the R&D tax credit was halted effective August 1, 2023. 2024. September 30, 2023. During fiscal 2023, 26 48 Energy credit 2023 2024 2023, The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are as follows: September 30 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets: Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits $ 512,778 $ 591,841 Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate 2,553,086 2,655,951 Cost of gas held in storage 835,094 752,989 Deferred compensation 1,166,850 1,020,512 Impairment of unconsolidated affiliate 14,077,357 14,180,759 Regulatory effect on tax credits 1,437,670 1,662,400 Other 641,300 452,996 Total gross deferred tax assets 21,224,135 21,317,448 Deferred tax liabilities: Utility property 19,879,747 19,426,513 MVP investment 1,586,837 1,288,104 Interest rate swaps 530,903 1,188,533 Accrued gas cost 345,464 259,162 Total gross deferred tax liabilities 22,342,951 22,162,312 Net deferred tax asset 771,746 1,163,594 Net deferred tax liability $ 1,890,562 $ 2,008,458 Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets on a net basis by taxing jurisdictions. As of September 30, 2024 2023, ASC 740 September 30, 2024. September 30 2024 Beginning balance $ — Increase resulting from prior period tax positions 273,936 Ending Balance $ 273,936 The Company’s policy is to classify interest associated with uncertain tax positions as interest expense in the financial statements. Tax penalties, if any, are netted against other income. The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return and state income tax returns in Virginia and West Virginia, and thus subject to examinations by federal and state tax authorities. The IRS is currently examining the Company's 2018 2019 not September 30, 2024 2023; 2018 September 30, 2021 no

Note 10 - Common Stock Options

Note 10 - Common Stock Options	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Stock Option Plans [Member]
Notes to Financial Statements
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]	10. COMMON STOCK OPTIONS The KEYSOP provides for the issuance of common stock options to officers and certain other full-time salaried employees to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2024 ASC 718, Compensation Stock Compensation, September 30, 2024, six ten September 30, 2023. As the Company's stock options are not Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Expected volatility 32.07 % N/A Expected dividends 2.84 % N/A Expected exercise term (years) 7 N/A Risk-free interest rate 4.95 % N/A The underlying methods regarding each assumption are as follows: Expected volatility Expected dividend rate Expected exercise term Risk-free interest rate 7 Forfeitures Stock option transactions under the Company's plans are summarized below. Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value1 Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 34,500 $ 18.69 5.7 $ 121,278 Options exercised (12,500 ) 16.00 Options outstanding, September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 Options granted 10,000 16.62 Options forfeited (4,000 ) 19.90 Options outstanding, September 30, 2024 28,000 $ 18.98 5.8 $ 127,988 Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2024 28,000 $ 18.98 5.8 $ 127,988 ( 1 Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Weighted-average grant date option fair value $ 5.15 $ — Stock-based compensation 51,500 21,560 Intrinsic value of options exercised — 46,921 Proceeds from exercise of stock options — 200,000 Stock-based compensation related to stock options disclosed in the table above is included within operations and maintenance expense on the consolidated statements of income.

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Stock Plans, Excluding Stock Options [Member]
Notes to Financial Statements
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Text Block]	11. OTHER STOCK PLANS Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan The Company offers a DRIP plan to shareholders of record for the reinvestment of dividends and the opportunity to purchase of up to $100,000 per year in additional shares of common stock of the Company. Under the DRIP, the Company issued 33,226 and 32,805 shares in 2024 2023 After taking into account the activity discussed above and dividends reinvested, as of September 30, 2024 Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors The Board of Directors of the Company implemented the RSPD in 1997. may first may not The Company assumes all directors will complete their term and there will be no no The following table reflects the director compensation activity pursuant to the Plan: 2024 2023 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 122,207 $ 16.84 108,127 $ 16.27 Granted 15,557 19.23 14,080 21.25 End of year balance 137,764 $ 17.11 122,207 $ 16.84 The fair market value of the Director Restricted Stock included as compensation was $299,200 during fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 2023 September 30, 2024 2023 September 30, 2023, January 23, 2023. After taking into account the activity discussed above and dividends reinvested, as of September 30, 2024 RGC Resources, Inc. Restricted Stock Plan The Board of Directors of the Company implemented the RSPO in 2017 may may The Company assumes all officers will complete their requirements and there will be no The following table reflects the officer compensation activity pursuant to the RSPO: 2024 2023 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 8,966 $ 23.19 22,539 $ 23.44 Granted 45,723 20.12 — — Vested (23,207 ) 21.35 (13,573 ) 23.61 End of year balance 31,482 $ 20.09 8,966 $ 23.19 The fair market value of the Officer Restricted Stock included as compensation during fiscal years ended September 30, 2024 2023 September 30, 2024 2023, September 30, 2024 2023 After taking into account the activity discussed above and dividends reinvested, as of September 30, 2024 Stock Bonus Plan Shares from the Stock Bonus Plan may September 30, 2024 2023 As of September 30, 2024

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plan

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Retirement Benefits [Text Block]	12. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS The Company sponsors both a noncontributory pension plan and a postretirement plan. The pension plan covers all employees hired prior to January 2017 January 1, 2017, no 401 401 January 1, 2017. 401 The postretirement plan provides certain health care, supplemental retirement and life insurance benefits to retired employees who meet specific age and service requirements. Employees hired prior to January 1, 2000 Employers who sponsor defined benefit plans must recognize the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as an asset or liability in their statements of financial position and recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. For pension plans, the benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation, and for other postretirement plans, the benefit obligation is the accumulated benefit obligation. The Company established a regulatory asset for the portion of the obligation expected to be recovered through rates in future periods. The regulatory asset is adjusted for the recognition of actuarial gains and losses. The portion of the obligation attributable to the unregulated operations of the holding company is recognized in other comprehensive income, with actuarial gains and losses recognized using the corridor method. The following table sets forth the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, the funded status of the plans, and amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 26,859,162 $ 24,449,856 $ 10,842,455 $ 11,248,448 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 26,747,624 $ 27,268,456 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Service cost 324,265 366,537 30,398 45,897 Interest cost 1,468,822 1,372,098 613,477 620,622 Actuarial loss (gain) 2,613,621 (1,031,160 ) (540,914 ) (1,331,541 ) Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,280,904 ) (1,228,307 ) (508,954 ) (503,076 ) Benefit obligation at end of year $ 29,873,428 $ 26,747,624 $ 10,842,455 $ 11,248,448 Change in fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 26,878,661 $ 28,017,797 $ 13,019,313 $ 12,138,119 Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes 5,456,381 89,171 2,567,922 1,384,270 Employer contributions — — — — Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,280,904 ) (1,228,307 ) (508,954 ) (503,076 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 31,054,138 $ 26,878,661 $ 15,078,281 $ 13,019,313 Funded status $ 1,180,710 $ 131,037 $ 4,235,826 $ 1,770,865 Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets $ 1,180,710 $ 131,037 $ 4,235,826 $ 1,770,865 Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities — — — — Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: Net actuarial loss (gain), net of tax $ 432,149 $ 1,168,687 $ (227,071 ) $ 6,946 Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 432,149 $ 1,168,687 $ (227,071 ) $ 6,946 Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability): Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 3,041,666 $ 4,029,282 $ (4,032,929 ) $ (1,813,071 ) Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities) $ 3,041,666 $ 4,029,282 $ (4,032,929 ) $ (1,813,071 ) The Company expects that approximately $41,000, before tax, of AOCI will be recognized in net periodic benefit costs in fiscal 2025 2025. The changes in the benefit obligations for both the pension plan and postretirement plan was primarily attributed to actuarial gains and losses associated with the discount rate used to calculate the benefit obligations. The following table details the actuarial assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations and net benefit cost of the pension plan and the accumulated benefit obligations and net benefit cost of the postretirement plan: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 4.83 % 5.63 % 4.83 % 5.63 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A Assumptions used to determine benefit costs: Discount rate 5.63 % 5.15 % 5.63 % 5.16 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.21 % 3.95 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A To develop the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets assumption, the Company, with input from the Plans' actuaries and investment advisors, considered the historical returns and the future expectations for returns for each asset class, as well as the target asset allocation of each plan’s portfolio. Components of net periodic benefit cost are as follows: Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Service cost $ 324,265 $ 366,537 $ 30,398 $ 45,897 Interest cost 1,468,822 1,372,098 613,477 620,622 Expected return on plan assets (1,179,830 ) (1,232,597 ) (533,249 ) (464,046 ) Recognized loss (gain) 316,522 316,724 (40,597 ) — Net periodic benefit cost $ 929,779 $ 822,762 $ 70,029 $ 202,473 Service cost is included in operations and maintenance expense in the consolidated statements of income. All other components of net periodic benefit costs are included in other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. The assumed health care cost trend rates used in measuring the accumulated benefit obligation for the postretirement plan are presented below: Pre 65 Post 65 2024 2023 2024 2023 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 7.00 % 6.30 % 5.60 % 5.20 % Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 4.00 % 3.94 % 4.00 % 3.94 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2075 2075 2075 2075 The health care cost trend rate assumptions could have a significant effect on the amounts reported. A change of 1% 1% Increase 1% Decrease Effect on total service and interest cost components $ 71,000 $ (61,000 ) Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 1,204,000 (1,031,000 ) The primary objectives of both plans' investment policies are to maintain investment portfolios that diversify risk through prudent asset allocation parameters, achieve asset returns that meet or exceed the corresponding actuarial assumptions and will provide for future benefits. The Company's pension plan allocation approach seeks to match the duration of the fixed income portion of the portfolio with the duration of the plan's liabilities. Such allocation is designed to reduce the overall volatility in the pension plan relative to the funded status. The equity allocations in both plans provide for potential returns to offset growth in the corresponding liabilities. Based on its most recent evaluation of returns for the asset classes within each plan's investment portfolio, the Company set the expected long-term rate of return for both the pension plan and the postretirement plan for fiscal 2025 The Company’s ultimate target and actual asset allocation in the pension and postretirement plans as of September 30, 2024 2023 Pension Plan Postretirement Plan Target 2024 2023 Target 2024 2023 Asset category: Equity securities 25 % 25 % 27 % 30 % 48 % 43 % Debt securities 75 % 75 % 72 % 70 % 36 % 37 % Cash — % — % 1 % — % 16 % 20 % The Company uses the fair value hierarchy described in Note 1 1 2 2 not Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 142,921 $ 142,921 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bond Funds 19,505,237 — 19,505,237 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,791,697 3,791,697 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,073,092 2,073,092 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,469,045 2,469,045 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,297,579 1,297,579 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 498,732 498,732 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 482,222 482,222 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 793,613 793,613 — — Total $ 31,054,138 $ 11,548,901 $ 19,505,237 $ — Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 202,218 $ 202,218 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bond Funds 16,446,813 — 16,446,813 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,000,525 3,000,525 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,256,767 2,256,767 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,222,733 2,222,733 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,082,801 1,082,801 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 481,309 481,309 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 463,907 463,907 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 721,588 721,588 — — Total $ 26,878,661 $ 10,431,848 $ 16,446,813 $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,381,909 $ 2,381,909 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 5,457,976 5,457,976 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,412,824 2,412,824 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,996,262 1,996,262 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 738,393 738,393 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 532,391 532,391 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 652,023 652,023 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 906,503 906,503 — — Total $ 15,078,281 $ 15,078,281 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,640,622 $ 2,640,622 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 4,841,048 4,841,048 — — Foreign Fixed Income — — — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,693,422 1,693,422 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,570,538 1,570,538 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth — — — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value — — — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 588,898 588,898 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 433,886 433,886 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 526,364 526,364 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 724,535 724,535 — — Total $ 13,019,313 $ 13,019,313 $ — $ — Each mutual fund or common collective trust fund has been categorized based on its primary investment strategy. Annual funding contributions to the pension plan and postretirement plan are made under advisement from the Company's actuaries and investment advisor based upon ERISA funding requirements. For the years ended September 30, 2024 2023, not 2025. The following table reflects expected future benefit payments: Pension Postretirement Fiscal year ending September 30 Plan Plan 2025 $ 1,361,000 $ 682,000 2026 1,446,000 698,000 2027 1,554,000 730,000 2028 1,639,000 734,000 2029 1,712,000 766,000 2030 - 2034 9,483,000 3,830,000 The Company established an NQDC Plan in fiscal 2021. not 2024 2023 Beginning deferred compensation balance $ 47,674 $ 59,108 Employer contributions 52,400 — Earnings 13,526 6,787 Forfeitures — (18,221 ) Ending deferred compensation balance $ 113,600 $ 47,674 The Company sponsors a 401 may 401 first 401 January 1, 2017. Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Matching contribution $ 427,022 $ 388,616 Discretionary contribution 112,207 75,899

Note 13 - Leases

Note 13 - Leases - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Assets [Abstract]
Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent	$ 703,394	$ 624,095
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Other Liabilities, Current	25,729	30,281
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent	$ 47,191,110	$ 44,233,200
Notes to Financial Statements
Lessee, Operating Leases [Text Block]	13. LEASES During 2023, two five not not three other non-current assets other current liabilities and deferred credits other non-current liabilities Other information related to leases were as follows: 2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 37,900 $ 48,900 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A 325,688 Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.4 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 % On September 30, 2024, 2025 $ 54,230 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 2029 26,400 Thereafter 343,200 Total minimum lease payments 510,306 Less imputed interest (176,138 ) Total $ 334,168

Note 14 - Commitments and Conti

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Long-Term Contracts Due to the nature of the natural gas distribution business, Roanoke Gas enters into agreements with suppliers and pipelines to contract for natural gas commodity purchases, storage capacity and pipeline delivery capacity. Roanoke Gas obtains most of its natural gas supply through third two one September 30, 2024 September 2022 two March 2025. second July 2024, second no March 2025. In addition to the volumetric commitment, the Company also has fixed price agreements to purchase approximately 1.82 million DTH, from October 2024 March 2025, Roanoke Gas also has contracts for pipeline and storage capacity which extend for various periods. These capacity costs and related fees are valued at tariff rates in place as of September 30, 2024 may ly $30,880,000 and $44,253,000 under the asset management, pipeline and storage contracts in fiscal years 2024 2023, 2024 September 30, 2024 Pipeline and Year Storage Capacity 2024 - 2025 $ 20,252,594 2025 - 2026 20,252,594 2026 - 2027 18,783,146 2027 - 2028 14,526,463 2028 - 2029 12,057,956 Thereafter 65,712,396 Total $ 151,585,149 Roanoke Gas maintains franchise agreements granted by the local cities and towns served by the Company. Roanoke Gas renewed its franchise agreements with the City of Roanoke, the City of Salem and the Town of Vinton in 2016 December 2035. September 30, 2024 Other Contracts The Company maintains other agreements in the ordinary course of business covering various maintenance, equipment, user fees and service contracts. These agreements currently extend through December 2031 not Environmental Matters Roanoke Gas operated an MGP as a source of fuel for lighting and heating until the early 1950’s. not

Note 15 - Subsequent Events

Note 15 - Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes to Financial Statements
Subsequent Events [Text Block]	15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued. There were no not

Insider Trading Arrangements

Insider Trading Arrangements	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Insider Trading Arr Line Items
Material Terms of Trading Arrangement [Text Block]	9B. Other Information. None.
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted [Flag]	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated [Flag]	false

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Principles of Consolidation The Company follows accounting and reporting standards established by the FASB and the SEC, including certain provisions allowed under the smaller reporting company exceptions.
Public Utilities, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Rate Regulated Basis of Accounting 980, Regulated Operations 980 no 980 no Regulatory assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024 2023 September 30 2024 2023 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 919,375 $ 414,689 Under-recovery of gas costs 2,690,247 1,383,340 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 1,331,064 797,804 Under-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues 107,678 — Accrued pension 42,785 243,017 Other deferred expenses 12,761 15,426 Total current 5,103,910 2,854,276 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,141,872 1,256,059 Accrued pension 2,998,881 3,786,265 Other deferred expenses 304,291 347,121 Total non-current 4,445,044 5,389,445 Total regulatory assets $ 9,548,954 $ 8,243,721 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ — $ 146,861 Rate refund 37,500 652,018 Deferred income taxes 591,764 527,034 Supplier refunds 30,556 275,649 Other deferred liabilities 174,458 31,154 Total current 834,278 1,632,716 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 14,409,847 13,029,376 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 15,468,096 16,249,776 Deferred postretirement medical 3,858,471 1,781,917 Total non-current 33,736,414 31,061,069 Total regulatory liabilities $ 34,570,692 $ 32,693,785 Amortization of $116,085 and $213,450 of regulatory assets for the years ended September 30, 2024 2023 September 30, 2024 2023, September 30, 2024 2023 As of September 30, 2024 not
Regulatory Depreciation and Amortization, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Utility Property and Depreciation one Utility property is composed of the following major classes of assets: September 30 2024 2023 Distribution and transmission $ 312,999,348 $ 286,200,652 LNG storage 15,437,447 15,407,053 General and miscellaneous 17,427,213 16,762,186 Total utility property in service $ 345,864,008 $ 318,369,891 Provisions for depreciation are computed principally at composite straight-line rates over a range of periods. Rates are determined by depreciation studies, which are required to be performed at least every 5 years on the regulated utility assets of Roanoke Gas. The most recent depreciation study was completed and approved by the SCC staff in fiscal 2024. September 30, 2024 2023 The composite rates are composed of two one one not 980. The Company reviews long-lived assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not not In fiscal 2020, two 2024 2022, September 30, 2023, March 2023, not September 30, 2024. 4
Asset Retirement Obligation [Policy Text Block]	Asset Retirement Obligations 410, Asset Retirement and Environmental Obligations The following is a summary of the AROs: Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079 Liabilities incurred 86,483 91,670 Liabilities settled (168,913 ) (180,865 ) Accretion 582,383 677,947 Revisions to estimates and other (150,689 ) — Ending balance $ 11,142,095 $ 10,792,831
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments not not three
Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Customer Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses A reconciliation of changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows: Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271 Provision for credit losses 110,676 54,211 Recoveries of accounts written off 173,660 181,676 Accounts written off (286,153 ) (451,994 ) Ending balance $ 153,347 $ 155,164
Lessor, Leases [Policy Text Block]	Lease Accounting not third may 12 not
Receivable [Policy Text Block]	Financing Receivables
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Inventories
Revenue [Policy Text Block]	Unbilled Revenues not not September 30, 2024 2023
Regulatory Income Taxes, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes not not
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Debt Expenses
Over/Under Recovery of Natural Gas Costs [Policy Text Block]	Over/Under-Recovery of Natural Gas Costs may 12
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value one three • Level 1 • Level 2 1 not • Level 3 The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (Level 1 3 one three 8 12.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates
Excise and Sales Taxes [Policy Text Block]	Excise and Sales Taxes
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Earnings Per Share September 30, 2024 2023 Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Net income $ 11,760,896 $ 11,299,282 Weighted-average common shares 10,152,909 9,922,701 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 3,571 4,456 Diluted average common shares 10,156,480 9,927,157 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.16 $ 1.14 Diluted $ 1.16 $ 1.14
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Business and Credit Concentrations No sales to individual customers accounted for more than 5% of total revenue in any period. No individual customer amounted to more than 5% of total accounts receivable at September 30, 2024 2023. Roanoke Gas currently holds the only franchises and/or CPCNs to distribute natural gas in its service area. These franchises generally extend for multi-year periods, are renewable by the municipalities and are intended for perpetual duration, including exclusive franchises in the cities of Roanoke, Salem and the Town of Vinton. All franchises are set to expire December 31, 2035. Roanoke Gas is currently served by three primary pipelines that provide the natural gas supplied to the Company’s customers. Depending upon weather conditions and the level of customer demand, failure of one
Derivatives, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Derivative and Hedging Activities 815, Derivatives and Hedging The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy allows management to enter into derivatives for the purpose of managing the commodity and financial market risks of its business operations. The Company’s hedging and derivatives policy specifically prohibits the use of derivatives for speculative purposes. The key market risks that the Company may From time to time, the Company has entered into collars, swaps and caps for the purpose of hedging the price of natural gas in order to provide price stability during the winter months. The fair value of these instruments is recorded in the consolidated balance sheets with the offsetting entry to either under- or over-recovery of gas costs. Net income and other comprehensive income are not September 30, 2024 2023 The Company has four interest rate swaps associated with certain of its variable rate debt. Roanoke Gas has two two two No See Notes 7 8
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2024: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (554,778 ) $ 142,800 $ (411,978 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (2,000,126 ) 514,831 (1,485,295 ) Net interest rate swaps (2,554,904 ) 657,631 (1,897,273 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 1,233,462 (317,492 ) 915,970 Amortization of actuarial losses 73,505 (18,920 ) 54,585 Net defined benefit plans 1,306,967 (336,412 ) 970,555 Other comprehensive loss $ (1,247,937 ) $ 321,219 $ (926,718 ) Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925 The amortization of actuarial gains or losses are included as a component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs under other income, net in the consolidated statements of income. Composition of AOCI: Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2022 $ 3,563,341 $ (1,598,977 ) $ 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 3,428,922 (1,175,633 ) 2,253,289 Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,897,273 ) 970,555 (926,718 ) Balance September 30, 2024 $ 1,531,649 $ (205,078 ) $ 1,326,571
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recently Issued Accounting Standards In March 2020, 2020 04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848 2021 01 2022 06, December 31, 2024. one one six one June 2023 no may December 31, 2021. June 30, 2023, one one six one September 2024 September 30, 2024. 7 8 In November 2023, 2023 07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280 October 1, 2024 October 1, 2025. December 2023, 2023 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740 5 not two October 1, 2025. March 2024, 2027 May 28, 2024; may In November 2024, 2024 03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220 October 1, 2027 October 1, 2028. Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standard–setting bodies are not not
Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block]	Reclassification Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentations.

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_2

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 2023 Assets: Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Accrued WNA revenues $ 919,375 $ 414,689 Under-recovery of gas costs 2,690,247 1,383,340 Under-recovery of RNG revenues 1,331,064 797,804 Under-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues 107,678 — Accrued pension 42,785 243,017 Other deferred expenses 12,761 15,426 Total current 5,103,910 2,854,276 Other Non-Current Assets: Regulatory assets: Premium on early retirement of debt 1,141,872 1,256,059 Accrued pension 2,998,881 3,786,265 Other deferred expenses 304,291 347,121 Total non-current 4,445,044 5,389,445 Total regulatory assets $ 9,548,954 $ 8,243,721 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: Current Liabilities: Regulatory liabilities: Over-recovery of SAVE Plan revenues $ — $ 146,861 Rate refund 37,500 652,018 Deferred income taxes 591,764 527,034 Supplier refunds 30,556 275,649 Other deferred liabilities 174,458 31,154 Total current 834,278 1,632,716 Deferred Credits and Non-Current Other Liabilities: Regulatory cost of retirement obligations 14,409,847 13,029,376 Regulatory liabilities: Deferred income taxes 15,468,096 16,249,776 Deferred postretirement medical 3,858,471 1,781,917 Total non-current 33,736,414 31,061,069 Total regulatory liabilities $ 34,570,692 $ 32,693,785
Public Utility Property, Plant, and Equipment [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 2023 Distribution and transmission $ 312,999,348 $ 286,200,652 LNG storage 15,437,447 15,407,053 General and miscellaneous 17,427,213 16,762,186 Total utility property in service $ 345,864,008 $ 318,369,891
Schedule of Change in Asset Retirement Obligation [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 10,792,831 $ 10,204,079 Liabilities incurred 86,483 91,670 Liabilities settled (168,913 ) (180,865 ) Accretion 582,383 677,947 Revisions to estimates and other (150,689 ) — Ending balance $ 11,142,095 $ 10,792,831
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Beginning balance $ 155,164 $ 371,271 Provision for credit losses 110,676 54,211 Recoveries of accounts written off 173,660 181,676 Accounts written off (286,153 ) (451,994 ) Ending balance $ 153,347 $ 155,164
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Net income $ 11,760,896 $ 11,299,282 Weighted-average common shares 10,152,909 9,922,701 Effect of dilutive securities: Options to purchase common stock 3,571 4,456 Diluted average common shares 10,156,480 9,927,157 Earnings per share of common stock: Basic $ 1.16 $ 1.14 Diluted $ 1.16 $ 1.14
Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Tax Before Tax (Expense) Net of Tax Amount or Benefit Amount Year Ended September 30, 2024: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized losses $ (554,778 ) $ 142,800 $ (411,978 ) Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (2,000,126 ) 514,831 (1,485,295 ) Net interest rate swaps (2,554,904 ) 657,631 (1,897,273 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 1,233,462 (317,492 ) 915,970 Amortization of actuarial losses 73,505 (18,920 ) 54,585 Net defined benefit plans 1,306,967 (336,412 ) 970,555 Other comprehensive loss $ (1,247,937 ) $ 321,219 $ (926,718 ) Year Ended September 30, 2023: Interest rate swaps: Unrealized gains $ 1,560,426 $ (401,652 ) $ 1,158,774 Transfer of realized gains to interest expense (1,741,437 ) 448,244 (1,293,193 ) Net interest rate swaps (181,011 ) 46,592 (134,419 ) Defined benefit plans: Net gains arising during period 491,270 (126,453 ) 364,817 Amortization of actuarial losses 78,813 (20,286 ) 58,527 Net defined benefit plans 570,083 (146,739 ) 423,344 Other comprehensive income $ 389,072 $ (100,147 ) $ 288,925
Schedule of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]	Interest Rate Swaps Defined Benefit Plans Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Balance September 30, 2022 $ 3,563,341 $ (1,598,977 ) $ 1,964,364 Other comprehensive income (loss) (134,419 ) 423,344 288,925 Balance September 30, 2023 3,428,922 (1,175,633 ) 2,253,289 Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,897,273 ) 970,555 (926,718 ) Balance September 30, 2024 $ 1,531,649 $ (205,078 ) $ 1,326,571

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)

Note 2 - Revenue (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]	2024 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 46,472,676 $ — $ 46,472,676 Commercial 27,659,507 — 27,659,507 Transportation and Interruptible 5,414,157 — 5,414,157 Other 879,186 108,131 987,317 Total contracts with customers 80,425,526 108,131 80,533,657 Alternative revenue programs 4,107,575 — 4,107,575 Total operating revenues $ 84,533,101 $ 108,131 $ 84,641,232 2023 Gas utility Non utility Total operating revenues Natural Gas (Billed and Unbilled): Residential $ 54,342,435 $ — $ 54,342,435 Commercial 33,083,485 — 33,083,485 Transportation and Interruptible 5,730,726 — 5,730,726 Other 1,122,710 114,458 1,237,168 Total contracts with customers 94,279,356 114,458 94,393,814 Alternative revenue programs 3,045,951 — 3,045,951 Total operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ 114,458 $ 97,439,765
Contract with Customer, Contract Asset, Contract Liability, and Receivable [Table Text Block]	Current Assets Current Liabilities Trade accounts receivable (1) Unbilled revenue (1) Customer credit balances Customer deposits September 30, 2023 $ 2,782,025 $ 1,240,097 $ 1,972,132 $ 1,476,321 September 30, 2024 3,080,140 1,294,798 1,915,859 1,488,113 Increase (decrease) $ 298,115 $ 54,701 $ (56,273 ) $ 11,792

Note 3 - Segment Information (T

Note 3 - Segment Information (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Segment Reporting Information, by Segment [Table Text Block]	Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2024: Operating revenues $ 84,533,101 $ — $ 84,533,101 Corporate and other — — 108,131 Total revenues 84,533,101 — 84,641,232 Depreciation and amortization 10,518,094 — 10,518,094 Operating income (loss) 17,130,480 (136,840 ) 16,993,640 Corporate and other — — 88,120 Total operating income (loss) 17,130,480 (136,840 ) 17,081,760 Equity in earnings — 3,851,871 3,851,871 Interest expense 3,700,674 2,804,211 6,504,885 Income before income taxes 14,459,009 910,490 15,369,499 Corporate and other — — 88,008 Total income before income taxes $ 14,459,009 $ 910,490 $ 15,457,507 As of September 30, 2024: Assets $ 280,508,989 $ 21,324,361 $ 301,833,350 Corporate and other — — 18,865,873 Total assets 280,508,989 21,324,361 320,699,223 Gross additions to utility property 22,094,406 — 22,094,406 Gross investment in affiliates $ — $ 18,258 $ 18,258 Gas Utility Investment in Affiliates Consolidated Total For the Year Ended September 30, 2023: Operating revenues $ 97,325,307 $ — $ 97,325,307 Corporate and other — — 114,458 Total revenues 97,325,307 — 97,439,765 Depreciation and amortization 9,764,678 — 9,764,678 Operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 17,594,418 Corporate and other — — 84,062 Total operating income (loss) 17,827,485 (233,067 ) 17,678,480 Equity in earnings — 2,084,990 2,084,990 Interest expense 3,216,220 2,402,585 5,618,805 Income (loss) before income taxes 15,260,605 (553,378 ) 14,707,227 Corporate and other — — 83,966 Total income (loss) before income taxes $ 15,260,605 $ (553,378 ) $ 14,791,193 As of September 30, 2023: Assets $ 268,664,460 $ 17,882,108 $ 286,546,568 Corporate and other — — 17,182,772 Total assets 268,664,460 17,882,108 303,729,340 Gross additions to utility property 25,306,524 — 25,306,524 Gross investment in affiliates $ — $ 2,133,534 $ 2,133,534

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tab

Note 5 - Other Investments (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Investment [Table Text Block]	September 30 Balance Sheet location: 2024 2023 Other Assets: MVP $ 20,948,347 $ 17,096,476 Southgate 108,875 90,617 Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 21,057,222 $ 17,187,093 September 30 2024 2023 Cash investment $ 18,258 $ 2,133,534 Change in accrued capital calls — (804,506 ) Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate 3,851,871 2,084,990 Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates $ 3,870,129 $ 3,414,018
Equity Method Investments [Table Text Block]	Income Statements Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Revenue $ 143,052,597 $ — Operating expenses (78,822,028 ) — AFUDC 343,922,690 203,721,584 Other income, net 9,900,128 2,091,886 Net income $ 418,053,387 $ 205,813,470 Balance Sheets September 30 2024 2023 Assets: Current assets $ 263,966,727 $ 795,787,358 Construction work in progress 1,568,267 7,499,128,254 Property, plant and equipment, net 9,522,815,742 — Other assets 13,732,299 11,639,586 Total assets $ 9,802,083,035 $ 8,306,555,198 Liabilities and Equity: Current liabilities $ 168,645,751 $ 236,947,158 Noncurrent liabilities 68,965 — Capital 9,633,368,319 8,069,608,040 Total liabilities and equity $ 9,802,083,035 $ 8,306,555,198

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Tables

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Line of Credit Available Credit Limit [Table Text Block]	Available As of Line-of-Credit September 30, 2024 $ 20,000,000 October 1, 2024 25,000,000 March 1, 2025 15,000,000
Schedule of Line of Credit Facilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 2023 Available line-of-credit at year-end $ 20,000,000 $ 13,000,000 Outstanding balance at year-end 11,166,181 4,353,572 Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances 6.39 % 5.16 % Interest rate at year-end 6.29 % 6.43 % Interest rate on unused line-of-credit 0.15 % 0.15 %

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Long-Term Debt Instruments [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 2023 Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Principal Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs Roanoke Gas: Unsecured senior note payable at 4.26 $ 30,500,000 $ 96,541 $ 30,500,000 $ 106,195 Unsecured term note payable at 3.58 8,000,000 14,448 8,000,000 19,264 Unsecured term note payable at 4.41 10,000,000 20,362 10,000,000 23,495 Unsecured term note payable at 3.60 10,000,000 18,494 10,000,000 22,017 Unsecured term note payable at 30-day SOFR 1.20 2.00 15,000,000 — 15,000,000 — Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.00 2.49 10,000,000 27,044 10,000,000 33,666 Midstream: Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR 1.75 1.55 24,855,000 32,299 23,000,000 23,386 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 3.24 14,000,000 4,213 14,000,000 6,621 Unsecured term note payable at Daily Simple SOFR 1.26448 400,000 2.443 6,400,000 21,406 7,200,000 19,057 Revolving credit facility at Daily Simple SOFR 2.215 9,000,000 47,285 — — Unsecured term note payable at 30-day LIBOR 1.20 41,667 3.14 — — 9,375,000 1,571 Total long-term debt $ 137,755,000 $ 282,092 $ 137,075,000 $ 255,272 Less: current maturities of long-term debt (800,000 ) — (10,975,000 ) — Total long-term debt, net current maturities $ 136,955,000 $ 282,092 $ 126,100,000 $ 255,272
Schedule of Maturities of Long-Term Debt [Table Text Block]	Year Ending September 30 Maturities 2025 $ 800,000 2026 64,455,000 2027 1,600,000 2028 10,400,000 2029 10,000,000 Thereafter 50,500,000 Total $ 137,755,000

Note 8 - Fair Value (Tables)

Note 8 - Fair Value (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 2,062,551 $ — $ 2,062,551 $ — Total $ 2,062,551 $ — $ 2,062,551 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 761,020 $ — $ 761,020 $ — Total $ 761,020 $ — $ 761,020 $ — Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Assets: Interest rate swaps $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Total $ 4,617,455 $ — $ 4,617,455 $ — Liabilities: Natural gas purchases $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ — Total $ 1,022,662 $ — $ 1,022,662 $ —
Fair Value, by Balance Sheet Grouping [Table Text Block]	Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 800,000 $ — $ — $ 800,000 Notes payable 136,955,000 — — 135,471,275 Total $ 137,755,000 $ — $ — $ 136,271,275 Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Carrying Quoted Prices in Active Markets Significant Other Observable Inputs Significant Unobservable Inputs Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Liabilities: Current maturities of long-term debt $ 10,975,000 $ — $ — $ 10,975,000 Notes payable 126,100,000 — — 120,298,658 Total $ 137,075,000 $ — $ — $ 131,273,658

Note 9 - Income Taxes (Tables)

Note 9 - Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Current income taxes: Federal $ 3,128,721 $ 2,935,052 State 689,671 650,238 Total current income taxes 3,818,392 3,585,290 Deferred income taxes: . Federal (398,588 ) (223,862 ) State 276,807 262,103 Total deferred income taxes (121,781 ) 38,241 Amortization of R&D tax credits: Federal — (129,600 ) State — (2,020 ) Total amortization of R&D tax credits — (131,620 ) Total income tax expense $ 3,696,611 $ 3,491,911
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Income before income taxes $ 15,457,507 $ 14,791,193 Corporate federal income tax rate 21 % 21 % Income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate $ 3,246,076 $ 3,106,151 State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense 763,518 720,749 Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations (315,708 ) (162,228 ) Amortization of R&D tax credits — (131,620 ) Net amortization of RNG tax credits (100,649 ) (58,669 ) Reserve for unrecognized tax benefits 82,000 — Other, net 21,374 17,528 Total income tax expense $ 3,696,611 $ 3,491,911
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 2023 Deferred tax assets: Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits $ 512,778 $ 591,841 Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate 2,553,086 2,655,951 Cost of gas held in storage 835,094 752,989 Deferred compensation 1,166,850 1,020,512 Impairment of unconsolidated affiliate 14,077,357 14,180,759 Regulatory effect on tax credits 1,437,670 1,662,400 Other 641,300 452,996 Total gross deferred tax assets 21,224,135 21,317,448 Deferred tax liabilities: Utility property 19,879,747 19,426,513 MVP investment 1,586,837 1,288,104 Interest rate swaps 530,903 1,188,533 Accrued gas cost 345,464 259,162 Total gross deferred tax liabilities 22,342,951 22,162,312 Net deferred tax asset 771,746 1,163,594 Net deferred tax liability $ 1,890,562 $ 2,008,458
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward [Table Text Block]	September 30 2024 Beginning balance $ — Increase resulting from prior period tax positions 273,936 Ending Balance $ 273,936

Note 10 - Common Stock Options

Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Schedule of Share-Based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Expected volatility 32.07 % N/A Expected dividends 2.84 % N/A Expected exercise term (years) 7 N/A Risk-free interest rate 4.95 % N/A
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Activity [Table Text Block]	Number of Shares Weighted- Average Exercise Price Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Terms (years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value1 Options outstanding, September 30, 2022 34,500 $ 18.69 5.7 $ 121,278 Options exercised (12,500 ) 16.00 Options outstanding, September 30, 2023 22,000 $ 20.23 5.6 $ 18,388 Options granted 10,000 16.62 Options forfeited (4,000 ) 19.90 Options outstanding, September 30, 2024 28,000 $ 18.98 5.8 $ 127,988 Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2024 28,000 $ 18.98 5.8 $ 127,988 Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Weighted-average grant date option fair value $ 5.15 $ — Stock-based compensation 51,500 21,560 Intrinsic value of options exercised — 46,921 Proceeds from exercise of stock options — 200,000

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Ta

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonemployee Director Award Plan, Activity [Table Text Block]	2024 2023 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 122,207 $ 16.84 108,127 $ 16.27 Granted 15,557 19.23 14,080 21.25 End of year balance 137,764 $ 17.11 122,207 $ 16.84
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit, Activity [Table Text Block]	2024 2023 Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Shares Weighted-Average Fair Value on Date of Grant Beginning of year balance 8,966 $ 23.19 22,539 $ 23.44 Granted 45,723 20.12 — — Vested (23,207 ) 21.35 (13,573 ) 23.61 End of year balance 31,482 $ 20.09 8,966 $ 23.19

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_2

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations, Fair Value of Plan Assets, and Funded Status of Plan [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Accumulated benefit obligation $ 26,859,162 $ 24,449,856 $ 10,842,455 $ 11,248,448 Change in benefit obligation: Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ 26,747,624 $ 27,268,456 $ 11,248,448 $ 12,416,546 Service cost 324,265 366,537 30,398 45,897 Interest cost 1,468,822 1,372,098 613,477 620,622 Actuarial loss (gain) 2,613,621 (1,031,160 ) (540,914 ) (1,331,541 ) Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,280,904 ) (1,228,307 ) (508,954 ) (503,076 ) Benefit obligation at end of year $ 29,873,428 $ 26,747,624 $ 10,842,455 $ 11,248,448 Change in fair value of plan assets: Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year $ 26,878,661 $ 28,017,797 $ 13,019,313 $ 12,138,119 Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes 5,456,381 89,171 2,567,922 1,384,270 Employer contributions — — — — Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions (1,280,904 ) (1,228,307 ) (508,954 ) (503,076 ) Fair value of plan assets at end of year $ 31,054,138 $ 26,878,661 $ 15,078,281 $ 13,019,313 Funded status $ 1,180,710 $ 131,037 $ 4,235,826 $ 1,770,865 Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets $ 1,180,710 $ 131,037 $ 4,235,826 $ 1,770,865 Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities — — — — Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: Net actuarial loss (gain), net of tax $ 432,149 $ 1,168,687 $ (227,071 ) $ 6,946 Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 432,149 $ 1,168,687 $ (227,071 ) $ 6,946 Amounts deferred to a regulatory asset (liability): Net actuarial loss (gain) $ 3,041,666 $ 4,029,282 $ (4,032,929 ) $ (1,813,071 ) Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities) $ 3,041,666 $ 4,029,282 $ (4,032,929 ) $ (1,813,071 )
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Assumptions used to determine benefit obligations: Discount rate 4.83 % 5.63 % 4.83 % 5.63 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A Assumptions used to determine benefit costs: Discount rate 5.63 % 5.15 % 5.63 % 5.16 % Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 4.50 % 4.50 % 4.21 % 3.95 % Expected rate of compensation increase 4.00 % 4.00 % N/A N/A
Schedule of Net Benefit Costs [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan 2024 2023 2024 2023 Service cost $ 324,265 $ 366,537 $ 30,398 $ 45,897 Interest cost 1,468,822 1,372,098 613,477 620,622 Expected return on plan assets (1,179,830 ) (1,232,597 ) (533,249 ) (464,046 ) Recognized loss (gain) 316,522 316,724 (40,597 ) — Net periodic benefit cost $ 929,779 $ 822,762 $ 70,029 $ 202,473
Schedule of Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]	Pre 65 Post 65 2024 2023 2024 2023 Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year 7.00 % 6.30 % 5.60 % 5.20 % Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) 4.00 % 3.94 % 4.00 % 3.94 % Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate 2075 2075 2075 2075
Schedule of Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates [Table Text Block]	1% Increase 1% Decrease Effect on total service and interest cost components $ 71,000 $ (61,000 ) Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation 1,204,000 (1,031,000 )
Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]	Pension Plan Postretirement Plan Target 2024 2023 Target 2024 2023 Asset category: Equity securities 25 % 25 % 27 % 30 % 48 % 43 % Debt securities 75 % 75 % 72 % 70 % 36 % 37 % Cash — % — % 1 % — % 16 % 20 % Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 142,921 $ 142,921 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bond Funds 19,505,237 — 19,505,237 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,791,697 3,791,697 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,073,092 2,073,092 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,469,045 2,469,045 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,297,579 1,297,579 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 498,732 498,732 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 482,222 482,222 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 793,613 793,613 — — Total $ 31,054,138 $ 11,548,901 $ 19,505,237 $ — Pension Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 202,218 $ 202,218 $ — $ — Common and Collective Trust and Pooled Funds: Bond Funds 16,446,813 — 16,446,813 — Mutual Funds: Domestic Fixed Income 3,000,525 3,000,525 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,256,767 2,256,767 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 2,222,733 2,222,733 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 1,082,801 1,082,801 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 481,309 481,309 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 463,907 463,907 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 721,588 721,588 — — Total $ 26,878,661 $ 10,431,848 $ 16,446,813 $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2024 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,381,909 $ 2,381,909 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 5,457,976 5,457,976 — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 2,412,824 2,412,824 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,996,262 1,996,262 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 738,393 738,393 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 532,391 532,391 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 652,023 652,023 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 906,503 906,503 — — Total $ 15,078,281 $ 15,078,281 $ — $ — Postretirement Plan Fair Value Measurements - September 30, 2023 Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Asset Class: Cash $ 2,640,622 $ 2,640,622 $ — $ — Mutual Funds: Bonds Domestic Fixed Income 4,841,048 4,841,048 — — Foreign Fixed Income — — — — Equities Domestic Large Cap Growth 1,693,422 1,693,422 — — Domestic Large Cap Value 1,570,538 1,570,538 — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth — — — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value — — — — Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core 588,898 588,898 — — Foreign Large Cap Growth 433,886 433,886 — — Foreign Large Cap Value 526,364 526,364 — — Foreign Large Cap Core 724,535 724,535 — — Total $ 13,019,313 $ 13,019,313 $ — $ —
Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]	Pension Postretirement Fiscal year ending September 30 Plan Plan 2025 $ 1,361,000 $ 682,000 2026 1,446,000 698,000 2027 1,554,000 730,000 2028 1,639,000 734,000 2029 1,712,000 766,000 2030 - 2034 9,483,000 3,830,000
NQDC Plan [Member]
Notes Tables
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]	2024 2023 Beginning deferred compensation balance $ 47,674 $ 59,108 Employer contributions 52,400 — Earnings 13,526 6,787 Forfeitures — (18,221 ) Ending deferred compensation balance $ 113,600 $ 47,674
The 401K Plan [Member]
Notes Tables
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosures [Table Text Block]	Years Ended September 30 2024 2023 Matching contribution $ 427,022 $ 388,616 Discretionary contribution 112,207 75,899

Note 13 - Leases (Tables)

Note 13 - Leases (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Notes Tables
Lease, Cost [Table Text Block]	2024 2023 Supplemental Cash Flow Information: Cash paid on operating leases $ 37,900 $ 48,900 Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations N/A 325,688 Weighted-average remaining term (in years) 17.4 17.4 Weighted-average discount rate 5.65 % 5.65 %
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Maturity [Table Text Block]	2025 $ 54,230 2026 30,038 2027 30,038 2028 26,400 2029 26,400 Thereafter 343,200 Total minimum lease payments 510,306 Less imputed interest (176,138 ) Total $ 334,168

Note 14 - Commitments and Con_2

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Pipeline and Storage [Member]
Notes Tables
Contractual Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Table Text Block]	Pipeline and Year Storage Capacity 2024 - 2025 $ 20,252,594 2025 - 2026 20,252,594 2026 - 2027 18,783,146 2027 - 2028 14,526,463 2028 - 2029 12,057,956 Thereafter 65,712,396 Total $ 151,585,149

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_3

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Jun. 28, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 03, 2023	Sep. 24, 2021 USD ($)	Aug. 20, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Number of Major Customers	62,500
Remaining Amounts of Regulatory Assets for which No Return on Investment During Recovery Period is Provided	$ 9,548,954
Regulatory Utility Assets Provision, Period (Year)	5 years
Public Utilities, Property, Plant and Equipment, Disclosure of Composite Depreciation Rate for Plants in Service	3.26%	3.30%
Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Capitalized Interest	$ 76,785
Public Utilities, Allowance for Funds Used During Construction, Capitalized Cost of Equity		$ 285,900
Unbilled Receivables, Current	$ 1,294,798	$ 1,240,097
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares) | shares	2,542	1,880
Number of Pipelines	3
Number of States in which Entity Operates	2
Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 15,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 15,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate						2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 100 Basis Points, Due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount					$ 10,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate					2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate			2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.15% Due June 12, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount							$ 14,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate							3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount							$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate							2.443%
Energy Related Derivative [Member]
Derivative, Number of Instruments Held	0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Derivative, Number of Instruments Held	4
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member]
Number of Major Customers	0	0
Customer Concentration Risk [Member] | Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	5%	5%
Operations and Maintenance Expense [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset	$ 116,085	$ 213,450
Other Income [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset	211,863	237,911
Interest Expense [Member]
Amortization of Regulatory Asset	$ 114,187	$ 114,187

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_4

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Regulatory Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Regulatory assets	$ 5,103,910	$ 2,854,276
Noncurrent regulatory assets	4,445,044	5,389,445
Total regulatory assets	9,548,954	8,243,721
Regulatory liabilities	834,278	1,632,716
Regulatory cost of retirement obligations	14,409,847	13,029,376
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	19,326,567	18,031,693
Total non-current	33,736,414	31,061,069
Total regulatory liabilities	34,570,692	32,693,785
Over-recovery of SAVE Plan Revenues [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	0	146,861
Rate Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	37,500	652,018
Deferred Income Tax Charge [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	591,764	527,034
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	15,468,096	16,249,776
Supplier Refund [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	30,556	275,649
Other Deferred Liabilities [Member]
Regulatory liabilities	174,458	31,154
Other Regulatory Assets (Liabilities) [Member]
Regulatory Liability, Noncurrent	3,858,471	1,781,917
WNA [Member]
Regulatory assets	919,375	414,689
Regulatory Clause Revenues, under-Recovered [Member]
Regulatory assets	2,690,247	1,383,340
Under-recovery of RNG Revenues [Member]
Regulatory assets	1,331,064	797,804
Under-recovery of SAVE Plan Revenues [Member]
Regulatory assets	107,678	0
Pension Costs [Member]
Regulatory assets	42,785	243,017
Noncurrent regulatory assets	2,998,881	3,786,265
Other Deferred Expenses [Member]
Regulatory assets	12,761	15,426
Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Noncurrent regulatory assets	1,141,872	1,256,059
Total regulatory assets	1,141,872	1,256,059
Other Assets [Member]
Noncurrent regulatory assets	$ 304,291	$ 347,121

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_5

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Composition of Utility Plant (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Distribution and transmission	$ 312,999,348	$ 286,200,652
LNG storage	15,437,447	15,407,053
General and miscellaneous	17,427,213	16,762,186
Total utility property in service	$ 345,864,008	$ 318,369,891

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_6

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Asset Retirement Obligations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$ 10,792,831	$ 10,204,079
Liabilities incurred	86,483	91,670
Liabilities settled	(168,913)	(180,865)
Accretion	582,383	677,947
Revisions to estimates and other	(150,689)	0
Ending balance	$ 11,142,095	$ 10,792,831

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_7

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Changes in the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Beginning balance	$ 155,164	$ 371,271
Provision for credit losses	110,676	54,211
Recoveries of accounts written off	173,660	181,676
Accounts written off	(286,153)	(451,994)
Ending balance	$ 153,347	$ 155,164

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_8

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Net income	$ 11,760,896	$ 11,299,282
Weighted-average common shares (in shares)	10,152,909	9,922,701
Options to purchase common stock (in shares)	3,571	4,456
Diluted average common shares (in shares)	10,156,480	9,927,157
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 1.14
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 1.16	$ 1.14

Note 1 - Summary of Significa_9

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Other Comprehensive Income and Loss (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Unrealized losses	$ (554,778)	$ 1,560,426
Unrealized losses	142,800	(401,652)
Unrealized losses	(411,978)	1,158,774
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense, before tax	(2,000,126)	1,741,437
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense, tax	514,831	448,244
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	(1,485,295)	(1,293,193)
Net interest rate swaps, before tax	(2,554,904)	(181,011)
Net interest rate swaps, tax	657,631	46,592
Net interest rate swaps	(1,897,273)	(134,419)
Net gain (losses) arising during period, before tax	1,233,462	491,270
Net gain (losses) arising during period, tax	(317,492)	(126,453)
Net gain (losses) arising during period		364,817
Amortization of actuarial losses, before tax	73,505	(78,813)
Amortization of actuarial losses, tax	(18,920)	(20,286)
Amortization of actuarial losses	54,585	58,527
Net defined benefit plans, before tax	1,306,967	570,083
Net defined benefit plans, tax	(336,412)	(146,739)
Net defined benefit plans	970,555	423,344
Other comprehensive loss	(1,247,937)	389,072
Other comprehensive loss	321,219	(100,147)
Other comprehensive loss	(926,718)	288,925
Transfer of realized gains to interest expense	2,000,126	(1,741,437)
Net gains arising during period	1,233,462	491,270
Amortization of actuarial losses	(73,505)	78,813
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(926,718)	288,925
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Member]
Net gain (losses) arising during period	915,970
Other comprehensive loss	970,555	423,344
Other comprehensive income (loss)	$ 970,555	$ 423,344

Note 1 - Summary of Signific_10

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Reconciliation of Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Balance	$ 100,732,625	$ 93,090,656
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(926,718)	288,925
Balance	108,136,775	100,732,625
Accumulated Gain (Loss), Net, Cash Flow Hedge, Parent [Member]
Balance	3,428,922	3,563,341
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,897,273)	(134,419)
Balance	1,531,649	3,428,922
Accumulated Defined Benefit Plans Adjustment, Net Gain (Loss) Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	(1,175,633)	(1,598,977)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	970,555	423,344
Balance	(205,078)	(1,175,633)
AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]
Balance	2,253,289	1,964,364
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(926,718)	288,925
Balance	$ 1,326,571	$ 2,253,289

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregati

Note 2 - Revenue - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Total contracts with customers	$ 80,533,657	$ 94,393,814
Alternative revenue programs	4,107,575	3,045,951
Revenue	84,641,232	97,439,765
Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	46,472,676	54,342,435
Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	27,659,507	33,083,485
Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	5,414,157	5,730,726
Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	987,317	1,237,168
Gas Utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	80,425,526	94,279,356
Alternative revenue programs	4,107,575	3,045,951
Revenue	84,533,101	97,325,307
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	46,472,676	54,342,435
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	27,659,507	33,083,485
Gas Utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	5,414,157	5,730,726
Gas Utility [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	879,186	1,122,710
Non-utility [Member]
Total contracts with customers	108,131	114,458
Alternative revenue programs	0	0
Revenue	108,131	114,458
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Residential [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Commercial [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Oil and Gas [Member] | Transportation and Interruptible [Member]
Total contracts with customers	0	0
Non-utility [Member] | Product and Service, Other [Member]
Total contracts with customers	$ 108,131	$ 114,458

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Acc

Note 2 - Revenue - Customer Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Trade accounts receivable		$ 4,483,739	$ 4,194,934
Unbilled revenue	[1]	1,294,798	1,240,097
Customer credit balances		1,915,859	1,972,132
Customer deposits		1,488,113	1,476,321
Increase (decrease) in Unbilled revenue	[1]	54,701
Increase (decrease) in Customer credit balances		(56,273)
Increase (decrease) in Customer deposits		11,792
Trade Accounts Receivable [Member]
Trade accounts receivable	[1]	3,080,140	$ 2,782,025
Increase (decrease) in Trade accounts receivable	[1]	$ 298,115
[1]Included in "Accounts receivable, net" in the consolidated balance sheet. Amounts shown net of reserve for bad debts.

Note 3 - Segment Information -

Note 3 - Segment Information - Segment Information (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue	$ 84,641,232	$ 97,439,765
Depreciation and amortization	10,518,094	9,764,678
Operating income (loss)	17,081,760	17,678,480
Equity in earnings	3,851,871	2,084,990
Interest expense	6,504,885	5,618,805
Income before income taxes	15,457,507	14,791,193
Assets	320,699,223	303,729,340
Gross additions to utility property	22,094,406	25,306,524
Gross investment in affiliates	18,258	2,133,534
Operating Segments [Member]
Revenue	84,533,101	97,325,307
Operating income (loss)	16,993,640	17,594,418
Income before income taxes	15,369,499	14,707,227
Assets	301,833,350	286,546,568
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]
Revenue	108,131	114,458
Operating income (loss)	88,120	84,062
Income before income taxes	88,008	83,966
Assets	18,865,873	17,182,772
Gas Utility [Member]
Revenue	84,533,101	97,325,307
Depreciation and amortization	10,518,094	9,764,678
Operating income (loss)	17,130,480	17,827,485
Equity in earnings	0	0
Interest expense	3,700,674	3,216,220
Income before income taxes	14,459,009	15,260,605
Assets	280,508,989	268,664,460
Gross additions to utility property	22,094,406	25,306,524
Gross investment in affiliates	0	0
Gas Utility [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenue	84,533,101	97,325,307
Operating income (loss)	17,130,480	17,827,485
Income before income taxes	14,459,009	15,260,605
Assets	280,508,989	268,664,460
Gas Utility [Member] | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]
Revenue	0	0
Operating income (loss)	0	0
Income before income taxes	0	0
Assets	0	0
Investment in Affiliates [Member]
Revenue	0	0
Depreciation and amortization	0	0
Operating income (loss)	(136,840)	(233,067)
Equity in earnings	3,851,871	2,084,990
Interest expense	2,804,211	2,402,585
Income before income taxes	910,490	(553,378)
Assets	21,324,361	17,882,108
Gross additions to utility property	0	0
Gross investment in affiliates	18,258	2,133,534
Investment in Affiliates [Member] | Operating Segments [Member]
Revenue	0	0
Operating income (loss)	(136,840)	(233,067)
Income before income taxes	910,490	(553,378)
Assets	21,324,361	17,882,108
Investment in Affiliates [Member] | Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item, Corporate Nonsegment [Member]
Revenue	0	0
Operating income (loss)	0	0
Income before income taxes	0	0
Assets	$ 0	$ 0

Note 4 - Regulatory Matters (De

Note 4 - Regulatory Matters (Details Textual)											12 Months Ended
	Oct. 16, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 04, 2024 USD ($)	Jun. 28, 2024 USD ($)	May 30, 2024 USD ($)	Feb. 02, 2024 USD ($)	Jul. 07, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 21, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 02, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 02, 2022
Public Utilities, Requested Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount						$ 4,330,000				$ 8,550,000
Public Utilities, Approved Return on Equity, Percentage						9.44%
Public Utilities, Requested Return on Equity, Percentage						10.35%
Public Utilities, Approved Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount									$ 7,450,000
Effect of Change in Deprecation Rate on Depreciation Expense											$ 226,000
Regulated Operating Revenue, SAVE Revenue										$ 4,050,000
Recovery Costs, SAVE Eligible Expenses				$ 9,130,000				$ 8,500,000
Investments								$ 49,500,000
SAVE Annual Revenues		$ 1,390,000		$ 1,530,000			$ 366,000
RNG Rider Revenue Requirement					$ 1,560,000
RNG Rider Sale of Environmental Credits					1,110,000
RNG Rider, Over-Recovery Costs					35,000
RNG Rider, Net Revenue			$ 356,000		$ 415,000
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Requested Acquisition														5
Number of Locations, Natural Gas Delivery Assets, Approved Acquisition		1									1	1	2
Natural Gas Delivery Assets [Member] | Housing Authority Management [Member]
Asset Acquisition, Recognized Pre-tax Gain											$ 782,000	$ 311,000	$ 219,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Public Utilities, Approved Return on Equity, Percentage	9.90%
Public Utilities, Approved Rate Increase (Decrease), Amount	$ 4,080,000

Note 5 - Other Investments (Det

Note 5 - Other Investments (Details Textual) - RGC Midstream LLC [Member] - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
MVP Southgate Investment [Member]
Subsidiary, Ownership Percentage, Noncontrolling Owner		1%
MVP [Member]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage		1%
MVP [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Proceeds from Equity Method Investment, Distribution	$ 800,000

Note 5 - Other Investments - Sc

Note 5 - Other Investments - Schedule of Other Investments (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 21,057,222	$ 17,187,093
Cash investment	18,258	2,133,534
Change in accrued capital calls	0	(804,506)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate	3,851,871	2,084,990
Change in investment in unconsolidated affiliates	3,870,129	3,414,018
MVP [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	20,948,347	17,096,476
Southgate [Member]
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates	$ 108,875	$ 90,617

Note 5 - Other Investments - In

Note 5 - Other Investments - Investment in Unconsolidated Entity (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Revenue	$ 84,641,232	$ 97,439,765
Other income, net	1,028,761	646,528
Net income	11,760,896	11,299,282
Current assets	25,072,301	26,795,262
Property, plant and equipment, net	253,401,632	232,617,093
Total assets	320,699,223	303,729,340
Current liabilities	28,698,430	32,918,787
Capital	108,136,775	100,732,625	$ 93,090,656
Total liabilities and equity	320,699,223	303,729,340
Equity Method Investment, Nonconsolidated Investee or Group of Investees [Member]
Revenue	143,052,597	0
Operating expenses	(78,822,028)	0
AFUDC	343,922,690	203,721,584
Other income, net	9,900,128	2,091,886
Net income	418,053,387	205,813,470
Current assets	263,966,727	795,787,358
Construction work in progress	1,568,267	7,499,128,254
Property, plant and equipment, net	9,522,815,742	0
Other assets	13,732,299	11,639,586
Total assets	9,802,083,035	8,306,555,198
Current liabilities	168,645,751	236,947,158
Noncurrent liabilities	68,965	0
Capital	9,633,368,319	8,069,608,040
Total liabilities and equity	$ 9,802,083,035	$ 8,306,555,198

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Detail

Note 6 - Line-of-credit (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Mar. 24, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 20,000,000		$ 13,000,000
Long-Term Line of Credit		$ 11,166,181		$ 4,353,572
Minimum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 15,000,000
Maximum [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity			$ 25,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Revolving Note Maturing March 31, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount	$ 25,000,000
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.10%

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Avail

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Available Borrowing Limits (Details) - USD ($)	Mar. 01, 2025	Oct. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Available Line of Credit			$ 20,000,000	$ 13,000,000
Line of Credit [Member]
Available Line of Credit			$ 20,000,000
Line of Credit [Member] | Forecast [Member]
Available Line of Credit	$ 15,000,000	$ 25,000,000

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Summa

Note 6 - Line-of-credit - Summary of Line of Credit (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 20,000,000	$ 13,000,000
Outstanding balance at year-end	$ 11,166,181	$ 4,353,572
Average rate of interest during year on outstanding balances	6.39%	5.16%
Interest rate at year-end	6.29%	6.43%
Interest rate on unused line-of-credit	0.15%	0.15%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Detail

Note 7 - Long-term Debt (Details Textual) - USD ($)						12 Months Ended
	May 02, 2024	Mar. 06, 2024	Jul. 28, 2023	Jun. 28, 2023	Mar. 24, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2024	Apr. 03, 2023	Aug. 20, 2021	Jun. 30, 2019
Debt Instruments, Overall Maximum Borrowing Capacity		$ 25,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity						$ 20,000,000	$ 13,000,000
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage						0.15%	0.15%
Unsecured Debt						$ 137,755,000	$ 137,075,000
Regulatory Asset						$ 9,548,954	8,243,721
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant Ratio of Long-term Debt to Total Capitalization, Maximum						65%
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Ratio of Priority Debt to Total Assets, Maximum						15%
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Interest Coverage Ratio						1.5
Deferred Gain (Loss) on Early Extinguishment of Debt [Member]
Regulatory Asset						$ 1,141,872	$ 1,256,059
Regulatory Asset, Amortization Period (Year)						20 years
Line of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity	$ 9,000,000					$ 9,000,000
Debt Instrument, Debt Covenant, Interest Coverage Ratio						1.5
Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount									$ 10,000,000
Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 15,000,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate									2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Line of Credit Facility, Upfront Fee Percentage	0.40%
Line of Credit Facility, Unused Capacity, Commitment Fee Percentage	0.125%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				1.26448%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Line of Credit [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	2.215%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 1 [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate				1.15%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		2%	2%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Variable Rate Upon Meeting Milestones One [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.75%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member] | Variable Rate Upon Meeting Milestones Two [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.55%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member]
Unsecured Debt								$ 9,000,000
Debt Instrument, Face Amount											$ 8,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate											2.443%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member] | Unsecured Term Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 14,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				3.24%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate					1%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount					$ 10,000,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Amended and Restated Delayed Term Note Entered September 24, 2021 [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate					1%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 30-day SOFR Average 1.20% Due August 20, 2026 [Member] | Unsecured Debt [Member]
Debt Instrument, Face Amount										$ 15,000,000
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate										2%

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Notes payable	$ 137,755,000	$ 137,075,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	282,092	255,272
Outstanding balance at year-end	11,166,181	4,353,572
Less: current maturities of long-term debt	(800,000)	(10,975,000)
Total long-term debt, net current maturities	136,955,000	126,100,000
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Notes payable	30,500,000	30,500,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	96,541	106,195
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Notes payable	8,000,000	8,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	14,448	19,264
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	20,362	23,495
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	18,494	22,017
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day SOFR Plus 1.20%, Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Notes payable	15,000,000	15,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	0	0
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	10,000,000	10,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	27,044	33,666
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 2.215%, due May 2, 2026 [Member | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	47,285	0
Outstanding balance at year-end	9,000,000	0
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR plus 1.75%, due December 31, 2025 [Member]
Notes payable	24,855,000	23,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	32,299	23,386
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Notes payable	14,000,000	14,000,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	4,213	6,621
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Notes payable	6,400,000	7,200,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	21,406	19,057
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Notes payable	0	9,375,000
Unamortized Debt Issuance Costs	$ 0	$ 1,571

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Lon_2

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Long-term Debt (Details) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 01, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Apr. 03, 2023
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]		Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]	Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) [Member]
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable, at 4.26%, Due on September 18, 2034 [Member]
Stated rate		4.26%	4.26%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.58%, Due on October 2, 2027 [Member]
Stated rate		3.58%	3.58%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 4.41 %, Due on March 28, 2031 [Member]
Stated rate		4.41%	4.41%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Notes Payable, at 3.60%, Due on December 6, 2029 [Member]
Stated rate		3.60%	3.60%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day SOFR Plus 1.20%, Due August 20, 2026 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.20%	1.20%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		2%	2%
Roanoke Gas Company [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Term SOFR plus 1.00%, due October 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1%	1%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		2.49%	2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member]
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate				2.49%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Revolving Credit Facility, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 2.215%, due May 2, 2026 [Member | Revolving Credit Facility [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		2.215%	2.215%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR plus 1.75%, due December 31, 2025 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.75%	1.75%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable at Term SOFR plus 1.75%, due December 31, 2025 [Member] | Subsequent Event [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate	1.55%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due June 12, 2026[Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.26448%	1.26448%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		3.24%	3.24%
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured term note payable, at Daily Simple SOFR plus 1.26448%, due January 1, 2028 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.26448%	1.26448%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		2.443%	2.443%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment		$ 400,000	$ 400,000
RGC Midstream LLC [Member] | Unsecured Senior Notes Payable [Member] | Unsecured Term Note Payable, at 30-day LIBOR Plus 1.20%, Due June 1, 2024 [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate		1.20%	1.20%
Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate		3.14%	3.14%
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment		$ 41,667	$ 41,667

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Aggre

Note 7 - Long-term Debt - Aggregate Annual Maturities of Long-term Debt (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
2025	$ 800,000
2026	64,455,000
2027	1,600,000
2028	10,400,000
2029	10,000,000
Thereafter	50,500,000
Total	$ 137,755,000

Note 8 - Fair Value - Schedule

Note 8 - Fair Value - Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured on a Recurring Basis (Details) - Fair Value, Recurring [Member] - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Total Assets fair value	$ 2,062,551	$ 4,617,455
Natural gas purchases	761,020	1,022,662
Total Liabilities fair value	761,020	1,022,662
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	2,062,551	4,617,455
Natural gas purchases	761,020	1,022,662
Total Liabilities fair value	761,020	1,022,662
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Total Assets fair value	0	0
Natural gas purchases	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member]
Interest rate swaps	2,062,551
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,617,455
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	0
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	2,062,551
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		4,617,455
Interest Rate Swap [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Interest rate swaps	$ 0
Interest rate swaps, liabilities		$ 0

Note 8 - Fair Value - Summary o

Note 8 - Fair Value - Summary of the Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Adjusted to Fair Value (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Current maturities of long-term debt	$ 800,000	$ 10,975,000
Reported Value Measurement [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	800,000	10,975,000
Notes payable	136,955,000	126,100,000
Total Liabilities fair value	137,755,000	137,075,000
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	0	0
Notes payable	0	0
Total Liabilities fair value	0	0
Estimate of Fair Value Measurement [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Current maturities of long-term debt	800,000	10,975,000
Notes payable	135,471,275	120,298,658
Total Liabilities fair value	$ 136,271,275	$ 131,273,658

Note 9 - Income Taxes (Details

Note 9 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2021
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards	$ 1,437,670	$ 1,662,400
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	1,890,562	2,008,458
Deferred Income Tax Assets, Net	771,746	1,163,594
Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Increase Resulting from Prior Period Tax Positions	$ 273,936
Income Tax Examination, Year under Examination	2018 2019
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member]
Actual Tax Credit Recognized in Income Tax Returns			$ 659,920
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)			20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 0	129,600
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards, Research	$ 0	$ 990,219
Open Tax Year	2018 2019
Domestic Tax Jurisdiction [Member] | Internal Revenue Service (IRS) [Member] | Federal Energy Investment Tax Credit [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)		20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 127,404	$ 74,265
Tax Credit Carryforward, Amount		1,892,164
Deferred Tax Assets, Tax Credit Carryforwards		655,862
State and Local Jurisdiction [Member] | Virginia, Jurisdiction [Member]
Actual Tax Credit Recognized in Income Tax Returns			$ 58,065
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Tax Credit, Amortization, Period (Year)			20 years
Tax Credit Carryforward, Annual Amortization Amount	$ 0	$ 2,020		$ 0
Open Tax Year	2019

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Income

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Current income taxes:
Federal	$ 3,128,721	$ 2,935,052
State	689,671	650,238
Total current income taxes	3,818,392	3,585,290
Deferred income taxes:
Federal	(398,588)	(223,862)
State	276,807	262,103
Total deferred income taxes	(121,781)	38,241
Federal	0	(129,600)
State	0	(2,020)
Total amortization of R&D tax credits	0	(131,620)
Total income tax expense	$ 3,696,611	$ 3,491,911

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Reconci

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Income Tax Expense (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Income before income taxes	$ 15,457,507	$ 14,791,193
Corporate federal income tax rate	21%	21%
Income tax expense computed at the federal statutory rate	$ 3,246,076	$ 3,106,151
State income taxes, net of federal income tax expense	763,518	720,749
Net amortization of excess deferred taxes on regulated operations	(315,708)	(162,228)
Amortization of R&D tax credits	0	(131,620)
Net amortization of RNG tax credits	(100,649)	(58,669)
Reserve for unrecognized tax benefits	82,000	0
Other, net	21,374	17,528
Total income tax expense	$ 3,696,611	$ 3,491,911

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Deferre

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Accrued pension and postretirement medical benefits	$ 512,778	$ 591,841
Regulatory effect of change in federal income tax rate	2,553,086	2,655,951
Cost of gas held in storage	835,094	752,989
Deferred compensation	1,166,850	1,020,512
Impairment of unconsolidated affiliate	14,077,357	14,180,759
Regulatory effect on tax credits	1,437,670	1,662,400
Other	641,300	452,996
Total gross deferred tax assets	21,224,135	21,317,448
Utility property	19,879,747	19,426,513
MVP investment	1,586,837	1,288,104
Interest rate swaps	530,903	1,188,533
Accrued gas cost	345,464	259,162
Total gross deferred tax liabilities	22,342,951	22,162,312
Net deferred tax asset	771,746	1,163,594
Net deferred tax liability	$ 1,890,562	$ 2,008,458

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Unrecog

Note 9 - Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Balance	$ 0
Increase resulting from prior period tax positions	273,936
Balance	$ 273,936

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_2

Note 10 - Common Stock Options (Details Textual) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	16,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period (Month)	6 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period (Year)	10 years
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Grants in Period, Gross (in shares)	10,000	0

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_3

Note 10 - Common Stock Options - Share-based Payment Arrangement (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Expected volatility	32.07%
Expected dividends	2.84%
Expected exercise term (years) (Year)	7 years
Risk-free interest rate	4.95%

Note 10 - Common Stock Option_4

Note 10 - Common Stock Options - Schedule of Stock Option Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Options outstanding (in shares)	22,000	34,500
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 20.23	$ 18.69
Options outstanding, weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 8 months 12 days
Options outstanding, aggregate intrinsic value	$ 127,988	$ 18,388	$ 121,278
Options exercised (in shares)		(12,500)
Options exercised, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 16
Options granted (in shares)	10,000	0
Options granted, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 16.62
Options forfeited (in shares)	(4,000)
Options forfeited, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 19.9
Options outstanding (in shares)	28,000	22,000	34,500
Options outstanding, weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 18.98	$ 20.23	$ 18.69
Vested and exercisable (in shares)	28,000
Vested and exercisable , weighted average exercise price (in dollars per share)	$ 18.98
Vested and exercisable , weighted average remaining contractual term (Year)	5 years 9 months 18 days
Vested and exercisable , aggregate intrinsic value	$ 127,988
Weighted-average grant date option fair value (in dollars per share)	$ 5.15	$ 0
Stock-based compensation	$ 51,500	$ 21,560
Intrinsic value of options exercised	0	46,921
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	$ 0	$ 200,000

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (De

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Maximum Amount Allowed For Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan	$ 100,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Dividend Reinvestment Plan (in shares)	33,226	32,805
Stock Available for Issuance under Dividend Reinvestment Plan (in shares)	232,398
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	16,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)	4,000
Restricted Stock [Member] | Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors [Member]
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Maximum Allowed Percentage of Retainer Fee Paid Monthly in Common Stock	100%
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Percentage of Retainer Fee Paid Monthly in Common Stock	40%
Share Based Compensation by Share Based Payment Award, Minimum Shares Owned Requirement (in shares)	10,000
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture	$ 299,200	$ 299,200
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Forfeited in Period (in shares)	0	0
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Additional Shares Authorized (in shares)		200,000
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	173,298
Restricted Stock [Member] | RGC Resources Inc. Restricted Stock Plan [Member]
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture	$ 660,424	$ 169,879
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	319,313
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Nonvested Award, Cost Not yet Recognized, Amount	$ 285,683	$ 25,989
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Options, Forfeitures in Period (in shares)	0	0
Restricted Stock [Member] | Stock Bonus Plan [Member]
Shares Issued, Value, Share-Based Payment Arrangement, after Forfeiture	$ 24,841	$ 2,500
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Number of Shares Available for Grant (in shares)	3,118
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Shares Issued in Period (in shares)	1,562	105

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - D

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - Director Compensation Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - Restricted Stock Plan for Outside Directors [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Beginning of year balance (in shares)	122,207	108,127
Beginning of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 16.84	$ 16.27
Granted (in shares)	15,557	14,080
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 19.23	$ 21.25
End of year balance (in shares)	137,764	122,207
End of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 17.11	$ 16.84

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - O

Note 11 - Other Stock Plans - Officer Compensation Activity (Details) - Restricted Stock [Member] - RGC Resources Inc. Restricted Stock Plan [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Beginning of year balance (in shares)	8,966	22,539
Beginning of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 23.19	$ 23.44
Granted (in shares)	45,723	0
Granted (in dollars per share)	$ 20.12	$ 0
Vested (in shares)	(23,207)	(13,573)
Vested (in dollars per share)	$ 21.35	$ 23.61
End of year balance (in shares)	31,482	8,966
End of year balance (in dollars per share)	$ 20.09	$ 23.19

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_3

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans (Details Textual)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2025	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization, Next Fiscal Year		$ 41,000
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization Of Net Gains (Losses), Regulatory Deferral Assets		43,000
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Amortization of Net Gains (Losses), Regulatory Deferral Liabilities		$ 174,000
Pension Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Period Before Benefits are Fully Vested (Year)		5 years
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets		4.50%	4.50%
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year		$ 0	$ 0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Minimum Service Requirement (Year)		10 years
Defined Benefit Plan, Age Requirement		55
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets		4.21%	3.95%
Defined Benefit Plan, Expected Future Employer Contributions, Next Fiscal Year		$ 0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Forecast [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Assumptions Used Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost, Expected Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets	4.95%
The 401K Plan [Member]
Defined Contribution Plan, Minimum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent		1%
Defined Contribution Plan, Maximum Annual Contributions Per Employee, Percent		50%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Match Percentage		100%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of 100 Percent Match		4%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of Match, Second Tranche		50%
Defined Contribution Plan, Employer Matching Contribution, Percent of 50% Match		2%

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_4

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Benefit Obligation, Fair Value of Plan Assets and Funded Status (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets	$ 5,416,536	$ 1,901,902
Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	(113,600)	(47,674)
Pension Plan [Member]
Accumulated benefit obligation	26,859,162	24,449,856
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	26,747,624	27,268,456
Service cost	324,265	366,537
Interest cost	1,468,822	1,372,098
Actuarial loss (gain)	2,613,621	(1,031,160)
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(1,280,904)	(1,228,307)
Benefit obligation at end of year	29,873,428	26,747,624
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	26,878,661	28,017,797
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes	5,456,381	89,171
Employer contributions	0	0
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(1,280,904)	(1,228,307)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	31,054,138	26,878,661
Funded status	1,180,710	131,037
Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets	1,180,710	131,037
Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	0	0
Net actuarial loss (gain), net of tax	432,149	1,168,687
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	432,149	1,168,687
Net actuarial loss (gain)	3,041,666	4,029,282
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)	3,041,666	4,029,282
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Accumulated benefit obligation	10,842,455	11,248,448
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	11,248,448	12,416,546
Service cost	30,398	45,897
Interest cost	613,477	620,622
Actuarial loss (gain)	(540,914)	(1,331,541)
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(508,954)	(503,076)
Benefit obligation at end of year	10,842,455	11,248,448
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	13,019,313	12,138,119
Actual return on plan assets, net of taxes	2,567,922	1,384,270
Employer contributions	0	0
Benefit payments, net of retiree contributions	(508,954)	(503,076)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	15,078,281	13,019,313
Funded status	4,235,826	1,770,865
Benefit plan assets under other non-current assets	4,235,826	1,770,865
Benefit plan liabilities under deferred credits and other non-current liabilities	0	0
Net actuarial loss (gain), net of tax	(227,071)	6,946
Total amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	(227,071)	6,946
Net actuarial loss (gain)	(4,032,929)	(1,813,071)
Amounts recognized as regulatory assets (liabilities)	$ (4,032,929)	$ (1,813,071)

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_5

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Actuarial Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pension Plan [Member]
Discount rate	4.83%	5.63%
Expected rate of compensation increase	4%	4%
Discount rate	5.63%	5.15%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	4.50%	4.50%
Expected rate of compensation increase	4%	4%
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Discount rate	4.83%	5.63%
Discount rate	5.63%	5.16%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	4.21%	3.95%

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_6

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Components of Net Periodic Pension and Postretirement Benefit Cost (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pension Plan [Member]
Service cost	$ 324,265	$ 366,537
Interest cost	1,468,822	1,372,098
Expected return on plan assets	(1,179,830)	(1,232,597)
Recognized loss (gain)	316,522	316,724
Net periodic benefit cost	929,779	822,762
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Service cost	30,398	45,897
Interest cost	613,477	620,622
Expected return on plan assets	(533,249)	(464,046)
Recognized loss (gain)	(40,597)	0
Net periodic benefit cost	$ 70,029	$ 202,473

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_7

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pre 65 [Member]
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	7%	6.30%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	4%	3.94%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2075	2075
Post 65 [Member]
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	5.60%	5.20%
Rate to which the cost trend is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	4%	3.94%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	2075	2075

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_8

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Effect of 1% Change on Health Care Trend Rate Assumptions (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Effect on total service and interest cost components, 1% increase	$ 71,000
Effect on total service and interest cost components, 1% decrease	(61,000)
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, 1% increase	1,204,000
Effect on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, 1% decrease	$ (1,031,000)

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Pl_9

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Allocation of Plans' Assets (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	$ 31,054,138	$ 26,878,661	$ 28,017,797
Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	11,548,901	10,431,848
Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	19,505,237	16,446,813
Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	15,078,281	13,019,313	$ 12,138,119
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	15,078,281	13,019,313
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Target	25%
Asset	25%	27%
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Securities [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Target	30%
Asset	48%	43%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Target	75%
Asset	75%	72%
Defined Benefit Plan, Debt Security [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Target	70%
Asset	36%	37%
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset		1%
Asset	$ 142,921	$ 202,218
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	142,921	202,218
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	16%	20%
Asset	$ 2,381,909	$ 2,640,622
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,381,909	2,640,622
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Cash [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	19,505,237	16,446,813
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	19,505,237	16,446,813
Defined Benefit Plan, Common Collective Trust And Pooled Fund Bonds, Liability Driven Investment [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	5,457,976	4,841,048
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	5,457,976	4,841,048
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Domestic Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Mutual Fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	3,791,697	3,000,525
Mutual Fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	3,791,697	3,000,525
Mutual Fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Mutual Fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	2,073,092	2,256,767
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,073,092	2,256,767
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	2,412,824	1,693,422
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,412,824	1,693,422
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Fund Bonds, Foreign Fixed Income [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	2,469,045	2,222,733
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	2,469,045	2,222,733
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	1,996,262	1,570,538
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	1,996,262	1,570,538
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	1,297,579	1,082,801
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	1,297,579	1,082,801
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	738,393	588,898
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	738,393	588,898
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	532,391	433,886
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	532,391	433,886
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Growth [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	498,732	481,309
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	498,732	481,309
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Mutual Funds, Foreign Large Cap Growth [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	482,222	463,907
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	482,222	463,907
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	652,023	526,364
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	652,023	526,364
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Domestic Small/Mid Cap Value [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset		0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member]
Asset	793,613	721,588
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	793,613	721,588
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
Asset	906,503	724,535
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Asset	906,503	724,535
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Asset	0	0
Defined Benefit Plan, Equity Funds, Foreign Large Cap Core [Member] | Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Asset	$ 0	$ 0

Note 12 - Employee Benefit P_10

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Expected Future Benefit Payments (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Pension Plan [Member]
2025	$ 1,361,000
2026	1,446,000
2027	1,554,000
2028	1,639,000
2029	1,712,000
2030 - 2034	9,483,000
Other Postretirement Benefits Plan [Member]
2025	682,000
2026	698,000
2027	730,000
2028	734,000
2029	766,000
2030 - 2034	$ 3,830,000

Note 12 - Employee Benefit P_11

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Changes in Benefit Plan Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Forfeitures	$ 0	$ (18,221)
NQDC Plan [Member]
Beginning deferred compensation balance	47,674	59,108
Employer contributions	52,400	0
Earnings	13,526	6,787
Ending deferred compensation balance	$ 113,600	$ 47,674

Note 12 - Employee Benefit P_12

Note 12 - Employee Benefit Plans - Schedule of Employer Contributions (Details) - The 401K Plan [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Matching contribution	$ 427,022	$ 388,616
Employer contributions	$ 112,207	$ 75,899

Note 13 - Leases (Details Textu

Note 13 - Leases (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Assets [Abstract]
Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent		$ 703,394	$ 624,095
Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Other Liabilities, Current		25,729	30,281
Liabilities, Noncurrent [Abstract]
Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent		47,191,110	$ 44,233,200
Number of Additional Operating Leases	3
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset		331,275
Operating Lease, Liability, Current		25,729
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent		$ 308,439
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Assets, Miscellaneous, Noncurrent
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Other Liabilities, Current
Operating Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]		Liabilities, Other than Long-Term Debt, Noncurrent
Three Other Operating Leases [Member]
Operating Lease, Cost		$ 50,000
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	6 years
RNG [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Term of Contract (Year)	20 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal Term (Year)	5 years

Note 13 - Leases - Lease Cost (

Note 13 - Leases - Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash paid on operating leases	$ 37,900	$ 48,900
Right of use obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations		$ 325,688
Weighted-average remaining term (in years) (Year)	17 years 4 months 24 days	17 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted-average discount rate	5.65%	5.65%

Note 13 - Leases - Operating Le

Note 13 - Leases - Operating Lease Maturity (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
2025	$ 54,230
2026	30,038
2027	30,038
2028	26,400
2029	26,400
Thereafter	343,200
Total minimum lease payments	510,306
Less imputed interest	$ (176,138)
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other Liabilities

Note 14 - Commitments and Con_3

Note 14 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) BTU in Billions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) BTU $ / item	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Energy Purchase Obligation Due In Next Twelve Months (British Thermal Unit) | BTU		295
Asset Management Contract Term (Year)	2 years
Purchase Commitment Minimum Volume Required		$ 1,820,000
Franchise Agreement Term (Year)		20 years
Franchise Fee Annual Increase		3%
Franchise Fee Total Cost Through End of Agreement		$ 1,818,339
Natural Gas Pipeline And Storage Capacity [Member]
Cost of Goods and Services Sold		30,880,000	$ 44,253,000
Natural Gas Pipeline And Storage Capacity [Member] | Asset Management Arrangement [Member]
Cost of Goods and Services Sold		$ 1,048,000
Minimum [Member]
Purchase Commitment Purchase Price Per Energy Volume (in USD per Per Share) | $ / item		2.36
Maximum [Member]
Purchase Commitment Purchase Price Per Energy Volume (in USD per Per Share) | $ / item		3.5

Note 14 - Commitment and Contin

Note 14 - Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Pipeline and Storage (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
2024 - 2025	$ 20,252,594
2025 - 2026	20,252,594
2026 - 2027	18,783,146
2027 - 2028	14,526,463
2028 - 2029	12,057,956
Thereafter	65,712,396
Total	$ 151,585,149