INVESTMENTS | 4. INVESTMENTS Unrealized Gains and Losses The following table details the difference between amortized cost or cost and estimated fair value, by major investment category, at September 30, 2016 and at December 31, 2015 : Amortized Gross Gross Cost Unrealized Unrealized or Cost Gains Losses Fair Value (in thousands) September 30, 2016 Debt securities - available-for-sale: United States government obligations and authorities $ 64,810 $ 1,039 $ 39 $ 65,810 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 148,366 2,556 49 150,873 Corporate 144,990 4,305 85 149,210 International 12,715 273 2 12,986 370,881 8,173 175 378,879 Debt securities - held-to-maturity: United States government obligations and authorities 4,173 70 59 4,184 Corporate 1,636 47 — 1,683 International 71 2 — 73 5,880 119 59 5,940 Equity securities 34,905 7,278 849 41,334 Total investments $ 411,666 $ 15,570 $ 1,083 $ 426,153 Amortized Gross Gross Cost Unrealized Unrealized or Cost Gains Losses Fair Value (in thousands) December 31, 2015 Debt securities - available-for-sale: United States government obligations and authorities $ 61,384 $ 489 $ 320 $ 61,553 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 109,152 1,590 40 110,702 Corporate 154,957 1,153 1,490 154,620 International 12,528 18 243 12,303 338,021 3,250 2,093 339,178 Debt securities - held-to-maturity: United States government obligations and authorities 4,275 30 204 4,101 Corporate 2,253 14 20 2,247 International 91 — — 91 6,619 44 224 6,439 Equity securities 33,581 6,809 1,856 38,534 Total investments $ 378,221 $ 10,103 $ 4,173 $ 384,151 Net Realized Gains and Losses The Company calculates the gain or loss realized on the sale of investments by comparing the sales price (fair value) to the cost or amortized cost of the security sold. Net realized gains and losses on investments are determined in accordance with the specific identification method. The following tables detail the Company’s net realized gains (losses) by major investment category for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 : Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) (in thousands) Gross realized gains: Debt securities $ 897 $ 226 $ 2,822 $ 973 Equity securities 597 1,847 1,752 4,188 Total gross realized gains 1,494 2,073 4,574 5,161 Gross realized losses: Debt securities (20) (178) (614) (504) Equity securities (348) (769) (1,900) (914) Total gross realized losses (368) (947) (2,514) (1,418) Net realized gains on investments $ 1,126 $ 1,126 $ 2,060 $ 3,743 During the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities were $30.1 million and $42.5 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 , the proceeds from sales of available-for-sale investment securities were $129.5 million and $134.9 million, respectively . Contractual Maturity The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. September 30, 2016 December 31, 2015 Amortized Amortized Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value Securities with maturity dates: (in thousands) Debt securities, available-for-sale: One year or less $ 41,507 $ 41,565 $ 24,470 $ 24,488 Over one through five years 182,129 185,001 170,797 171,113 Over five through ten years 145,639 150,694 142,728 143,545 Over ten years 1,606 1,619 26 32 370,881 378,879 338,021 339,178 Debt securities, held-to-maturity: One year or less 413 413 486 487 Over one through five years 1,887 1,949 1,899 1,915 Over five through ten years 3,580 3,578 4,234 4,037 5,880 5,940 6,619 6,439 Total $ 376,761 $ 384,819 $ 344,640 $ 345,617 Net Investment Income The following table summarizes the Company’s net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 : Three Months Ended Nine Months Ended September 30, September 30, 2016 2015 2016 2015 (in thousands) Interest income $ 1,963 $ 1,760 $ 5,801 $ 4,773 Dividends income 201 147 597 381 Net investment income $ 2,164 $ 1,907 $ 6,398 $ 5,154 Aging of Gross Unrealized Losses As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 , gross unrealized losses and related fair values for available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities, grouped by duration of time in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows: Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses September 30, 2016 (in thousands) Debt securities - available-for-sale: United States government obligations and authorities $ 8,995 $ 38 $ 121 $ 1 $ 9,116 $ 39 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 28,481 47 1,015 2 29,496 49 Corporate 11,405 33 3,345 52 14,750 85 International 1,170 1 302 1 1,472 2 50,051 119 4,783 56 54,834 175 Equity securities 5,590 679 2,179 170 7,769 849 Total investments $ 55,641 $ 798 $ 6,962 $ 226 $ 62,603 $ 1,024 Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total Gross Gross Gross Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses December 31, 2015 (in thousands) Debt securities - available-for-sale: United States government obligations and authorities $ 30,464 $ 303 $ 659 $ 17 $ 31,123 $ 320 Obligations of states and political subdivisions 16,652 40 — — 16,652 40 Corporate 87,176 1,420 3,590 70 90,766 1,490 International 8,660 191 281 52 8,941 243 142,952 1,954 4,530 139 147,482 2,093 Equity securities 11,790 1,850 84 6 11,874 1,856 Total investments $ 154,742 $ 3,804 $ 4,614 $ 145 $ 159,356 $ 3,949 The Company holds its equity securities and some of its debt securities as available-for-sale and as such, these securities are recorded at fair value. The Company continually monitors the difference between cost and the estimated fair value of its investments, which involves uncertainty as to whether declines in value are temporary in nature. If the decline of a particular investment is deemed temporary, the Company records the decline as an unrealized loss in shareholders’ equity. If the decline is deemed to be other than temporary, the Company will write the security’s cost-basis or amortized cost-basis down to the fair value of the investment and recognizes an other than temporary impairment (“OTTI”) los s in our consolidated statement of operations. Additionally, any portion of such decline related to debt securities that is believed to arise from factors other than credit will be recorded as a component of other comprehensive income rather than charged against income. The Company’s assessment of equity securities initially involves an evaluation of all securities that are in an unrealized loss position, regardless of the duration or severity of the loss, as of the applicable balance sheet date. Such initial review consists primarily of assessing whether: (i) there has been a negative credit or news event with respect to the issuer that could indicate the existence of an OTTI; and (ii) the Company has the ability and intent to hold an equity security for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery (generally considered to be one year from the balance sheet date). To the extent that an equity security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the initial review described above, the Company then evaluates such equity security by considering qualitative and quantitative factors. These factors include but are not limited to facts and circumstances specific to individual securities, asset classes, the financial condition of the issuer, changes in dividend payment, the length of time fair value had been less than cost, the severity of the decline in fair value below cost, industry outlook and our ability and intent to hold each position until its forecasted recovery. If the Company intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that, the Company will sell, a debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the total amount of the unrealized loss position is recognized as an OTTI loss in our consolidated statement of operations. To the extent a debt security in an unrealized loss position is not impaired based on the preceding; the Company will consider that security to be impaired when it believes collection of the amortized cost is not probable. During the Company’s quarterly evaluation of its securities for impairment, there were no identified OTTI losses in our investments in debt and equity securities during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and $0.3 million OTTI losses in our investments in debt and equity securit ies during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 . We did not have any OTTI losses in our investments in debt and equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 . Collateral Deposits As of September 30, 2016 , investments with fair values of approximately $10.7 million, the majority of which were debt securities, were deposited with governmental authorities and into custodial bank accounts as required by law or contractual obligations . |