UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-CSR
CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT
OF
REGISTERED MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Investment Company Act file number: | 811-09005 |
Name of Registrant: | Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund |
Address of Registrant: | P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482 |
Name and address of agent for service: | Heidi Stam, Esquire P.O. Box 876 Valley Forge, PA 19482 |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (610) 669-1000
Date of fiscal year end: | November 30 |
Date of reporting period: | December 1, 2005—May 31, 2006 |
Item 1: | Reports to Shareholders |
Vanguard® Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund |
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> Semiannual Report | |
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May 31, 2006 | |
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> Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund posted a return of 1.3% for the six months ended May 31, 2006.
> Interest rates climbed throughout the half-year, led by increases at the shortest end of the maturity spectrum.
> The difference in yields of the shortest- and longest-term municipal bonds remained small by historical standards.
Contents |
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Your Fund's Total Returns | 1 |
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Chairman's Letter | 2 |
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Advisor's Report | 6 |
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Fund Profile | 9 |
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Performance Summary | 10 |
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Financial Statements | 11 |
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About Your Fund's Expenses | 24 |
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Trustees Approve Advisory Arrangement | 26 |
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Glossary | 27 |
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Please note: The opinions expressed in this report are just that—informed opinions. They should not be considered promises or advice. Also, please keep in mind that the information and opinions cover the period through the date on the cover of this report. Of course, the risks of investing in your fund are spelled out in the prospectus.
Your Fund’s Total Returns
Six Months Ended May 31, 2006 |
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Total Return |
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Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | 1.3% |
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SEC 30-Day Annualized Yield: 4.06% |
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Taxable-Equivalent Yield: 6.55%1 |
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Lehman 10 Year Municipal Bond Index | 1.3 |
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Average Massachusetts Municipal Debt Fund2 | 1.3 |
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Lehman Municipal Bond Index | 1.5 |
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Your Fund’s Performance at a Glance
November 30, 2005–May 31, 2006
| Distributions Per Share
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| Starting Share Price | Ending Share Price | Income Dividends | Capital Gains |
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Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | $10.12 | $10.03 | $0.213 | $0.008 |
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1 This calculation, which assumes a typical itemized tax return, is based on the maximum federal income tax rate of 35% and the maximum Commonwealth of
Massachusetts income tax rate. Local taxes were not considered. Please see the prospectus for a detailed explanation of the calculation.
2 Derived from data provided by Lipper Inc.
1
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSRS/0000932471-06-001086/brennan.gif)
Chairman’s Letter
Dear Shareholder,
During the six months ended May 31, 2006, the Federal Reserve Board’s inflation-fighting campaign pushed short-term interest rates higher. Longer-term rates also increased, though at a more moderate pace.
Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund returned 1.3%, matching the result of the benchmark index and the average return of competing Massachusetts municipal bond funds. The income portion of the fund’s return more than offset its modest decline in share price. The fund’s 4.06% yield at the end of May represented a slight increase versus six months ago. For investors in the highest income tax bracket, the taxable-equivalent yield was 6.55%.
Please note: Although the fund’s income distributions are expected to be exempt from federal and Massachusetts state income taxes, a portion of these distributions may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Bonds treaded water as rates continued to rise
Bond market returns were flat during the past six months, as rising interest rates put pressure on prices. The Federal Reserve Board raised its target for the federal funds rate from 4.00% to 5.00% in four separate actions as part of its efforts to rein in inflationary pressures. Yields generally moved higher across the maturity spectrum, a change from the pattern in prior months when yields rose at the shorter end but fell at the longer end.
2
In general, short-term and municipal securities outperformed long-term taxable bonds. High-yield bonds, which are less sensitive to changes in interest rates, turned in impressive relative results.
Stocks gained ground, then stumbled late in the period
The U.S. stock market advanced through much of the fiscal half-year, with some indexes approaching a five-year high in early May. Despite ongoing concerns about high energy costs and the possibility of inflation, investors generally remained positive about the economy. In mid-May, however, worries over whether the Fed would continue to raise interest rates gave some investors pause, leading to a decline in the major indexes.
In the U.S. market, small-capitalization stocks once again outperformed their large-cap counterparts, a persistent trend over the past few years. Returns of international stocks, aided by a weak dollar, continued to surpass those of U.S. stocks. Although emerging markets experienced noteworthy losses in May, they were strong performers in the international arena for the fiscal half-year.
Your fund remained consistent in a challenging rate environment
Over the past six months, the relatively attractive yields available for municipal bonds resulted in increased demand for these securities. This increase, coupled with a decrease in the supply of municipal bonds, placed a slight upward pressure on
Market Barometer |
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| Total Returns Periods Ended May 31, 2006 |
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| Six Months | One Year | Five Years1 |
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Bonds | | | |
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Lehman Aggregate Bond Index (Broad taxable market) | 0.0% | -0.5% | 5.0% |
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Lehman Municipal Bond Index | 1.5 | 1.9 | 5.3 |
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Citigroup 3-Month Treasury Bill Index | 2.1 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
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Stocks |
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Russell 1000 Index (Large-caps) | 2.8% | 9.4% | 2.6% |
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Russell 2000 Index (Small-caps) | 7.0 | 18.2 | 9.1 |
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Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Index (Entire market) | 3.4 | 10.8 | 3.7 |
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MSCI All Country World Index ex USA (International) | 15.4 | 30.9 | 11.0 |
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CPI |
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Consumer Price Index | 2.5% | 4.2% | 2.6% |
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1 Annualized.
3
municipal bond prices and a slight downward pressure on the resultant yields, particularly among long-term bonds.
While yields at the longest end of the maturity spectrum generally remained stable, the Fed’s rate-tightening actions helped to push municipal bond yields higher for shorter-term issues. This “flattening” of the municipal bond yield curve presented a challenging investment environment for your fund’s advisor, the Vanguard Fixed Income Group.
Against this backdrop, the advisor steered the Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund to a 1.3% return, reflecting an income return that more than offset a slight decline in the fund’s net asset value (NAV). The fund’s return matched that of its benchmark index and the average return of competing Massachusetts municipal debt funds. During the past six months, the advisor kept the fund’s duration, a measure of interest rate sensitivity, near the short end of its typical range—a strategy that offered some protection from the negative impact of rising interest rates.
Over time, your fund has combined prudent investment management with low investment costs to deliver strong performance. Maintaining low investment costs is always important, but can be especially important during periods of modest total returns—which are not atypical in the fixed income market. The less you pay in expenses, the greater is your portion of the portfolio’s total return. In addition, Vanguard’s low expenses provide the advisor with flexibility that other portfolio managers don’t have: The advisor doesn’t have to take extra risks to deliver competitive returns.
Annualized Expense Ratios1 Your fund compared with its peer group |
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| Fund | Average Massachusetts Municipal Debt Fund |
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Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | 0.14% | 1.21% |
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1 Fund expense ratio reflects the six months ended May 31, 2006. Peer-group expense ratio is derived from data provided by Lipper Inc. and captures
information through year-end 2005.
4
Your muni fund’s dual role: Providing income and stability
If you own shares of an equity fund, you probably enjoyed the fund’s strong performance in the first four months of calendar-year 2006. From January through April, the broad U.S. stock market returned more than 6.5%. Nearly half of that return was ceded, however, during a disappointing May. This abrupt turnabout reminds us of a fundamental principle in investing: balance.
A portfolio balanced among stock, bond, and money market funds, in levels appropriate to your goals, risk tolerance, and time horizon, can provide stability in a choppy market. As a shareholder in the Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund, you’re aware of your fund’s ability to generate income that is free of federal and Massachusetts income taxes. But don’t overlook the role it can play as a stabilizing counterweight to the more volatile segments of your portfolio.
Thank you for entrusting your assets to Vanguard.
Sincerely,
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSRS/0000932471-06-001086/signature.gif)
John J. Brennan
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
June 14, 2006
5
Advisor’s Report
During the six months ended May 31, 2006, Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund returned 1.3%, matching the average result of its peers in a rising rate environment.
The investment environment
Over the fiscal half-year, the U.S. economy showed signs of being squarely in expansion mode. At the end of May, the Commerce Department estimated that real gross domestic product had expanded by 3.6% for the 12 months ended March 31, a pace slightly above the economy’s potential long-term growth rate. Much of the economy’s growth was spurred by strong exports, construction, and business investment spending. Personal consumption also expanded briskly, buoyed by rising incomes and improved job prospects. During the fund’s fiscal half-year ended May 31, U.S. employment levels also improved. The nation’s unemployment rate stood at 4.6% on May 31—the lowest level in five years—and anecdotal reports pointed to shortages of skilled workers in select industries.
At the same time, inflation remained a concern. Rising energy prices contributed to increased rates of consumer and wholesale inflation in the first half of 2006. Through May, the consumer price index (CPI), which tracks prices at the consumer level, was 4.2% higher than its year-ago level. Increases in the core CPI, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, have also accelerated recently.
The Federal Reserve Board continued its “measured” pace of tightening, raising the target for the federal funds rate four times during the six months, to 5.00%. The Fed has noted that long-run inflation expectations, as implied by the difference between nominal and inflation-adjusted
Yields of Municipal Securities (AAA-Rated General Obligation Issues) |
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Maturity | Nov. 30, 2005 | May 31, 2006 | Change (basis points)1 |
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2 years | 3.24% | 3.59% | +35 |
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5 years | 3.43 | 3.66 | +23 |
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10 years | 3.87 | 4.02 | +15 |
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30 years | 4.55 | 4.53 | -2 |
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Yields of U.S. Treasury Securities |
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Maturity | Nov. 30, 2005 | May 31, 2006 | Change (basis points)1 |
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2 years | 4.41% | 5.03% | +62 |
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5 years | 4.41 | 5.03 | +62 |
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10 years | 4.48 | 5.11 | +63 |
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30 years | 4.69 | 5.21 | +52 |
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Source: Vanguard.
1 One basis point equals 1/100 of a percentage point.
6
interest rates, remain contained, but recent economic reports have prompted some concern. The financial markets anticipated that the Fed would raise the federal funds rate to 5.25% at its June 28–29 meeting.
Municipal bonds outperformed Treasuries
In the U.S. Treasury market, yields rose by similar amounts across the maturity spectrum. Increases during the six months ranged from 52 basis points (0.52 percentage point) for the 30-year note to 63 basis points for the 10-year note. Treasury yields also rose over the last 12 months, but the increases were much more pronounced among shorter issues than longer ones.
For municipal bonds, yields increased over the last six months for all but the longest-dated issues, though increases were generally more modest than those of Treasury yields—a relationship that also characterized the rate changes in the Treasury and municipal money markets. The pronounced increase in short-term municipal yields created a relatively flat municipal yield curve, with only 94 basis points separating the yield of the 30-year bond (4.53%) from that of the 2-year bond (3.59%) as of May 31.
For the fiscal half-year, new tax-exempt issuance declined by 17% nationwide, compared with year-ago levels. With the exception of California, in fact, all states issued lower volumes of tax-exempt securities. Much of the decrease was attributable to a substantial slowdown in bond “refunding” activity. The rise in interest rates meant that many state and local governments could no longer issue new, lower-coupon bonds and use the proceeds to offset their existing, higher-yield obligations.
At the same time, the demand for municipal bonds increased. The municipal bond market’s recent attractiveness relative to Treasuries drew institutional investors such as banks and insurance firms, as well as investors from outside the United States. These supply-and-demand dynamics supported bond prices (thus limiting yield increases), which helped municipal bonds to outperform their taxable brethren.
Management of the fund
The Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund returned 1.3%, as a modest decline in the fund’s share price was more than offset by its income return. During the fiscal half-year, we kept the fund’s average duration at the short end of its typical range, a strategy that afforded some protection from rising interest rates. A decline in bond issuance also provided some support for tax-exempt securities. During the past six months, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its municipalities issued $5.2 billion in new securities, a 5.3% drop from a year ago.
7
Expense ratios are critical in a low-yield environment
Shareholder returns depend not only on portfolio management decisions but also on investment costs. Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund’s low expense ratio is important in any environment, but especially during periods of relatively low yields. Our cost advantage enables us to generate highly competitive total returns while keeping our focus on higher-quality investments. Over time, this disciplined, conservative approach has generated strong returns, while also reaffirming that we will not take needless risks with your investment.
Christopher M. Ryon, Principal
Vanguard Fixed Income Group
June 16, 2006
8
Fund Profile
As of May 31, 2006
Financial Attributes |
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| Fund | Comparative Index1 | Broad Index2 |
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Number of Issues | 199 | 6,505 | 37,743 |
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Yield | 4.1% | — | — |
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Yield to Maturity | 4.1%3 | 4.1% | 4.2% |
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Average Coupon | 4.8% | 5.1% | 5.1% |
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Average Effective Maturity | 8.2 years | 7.3 years | 6.9 years |
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Average Quality | AA+ | AAA | AA+ |
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Average Duration | 6.1 years | 5.8 years | 5.4 years |
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Expense Ratio | 0.14%4 | — | — |
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Short-Term Reserves | 1% | — | — |
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Distribution by Maturity (% of portfolio) |
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Under 1 Year | 12% |
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1-5 Years | 29 |
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5-10 Years | 31 |
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10-20 Years | 16 |
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20-30 Years | 12 |
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Distribution by Credit Quality (% of portfolio) |
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AAA | 74% |
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AA | 20 |
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A | 1 |
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BBB | 5 |
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Volatility Measures |
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| Fund | Comparative Index1 | Fund | Broad Index2 |
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R-Squared | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 1.00 |
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Beta | 0.87 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.00 |
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Investment Focus
![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSRS/0000932471-06-001086/if9.gif)
1 Lehman 10 Year Municipal Bond Index.
2 Lehman Municipal Bond Index.
3 Before expenses.
4 Annualized.
See page 27 for a glossary of investment terms.
9
Performance Summary
All of the returns in this report represent past performance, which is not a guarantee of future results that may be achieved by the fund. (Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data cited. For performance data current to the most recent month-end, visit our website at www.vanguard.com.) Note, too, that both investment returns and principal value can fluctuate widely, so an investor’s shares, when sold, could be worth more or less than their original cost. The returns shown do not reflect taxes that a shareholder would pay on fund distributions or on the sale of fund shares.
Fiscal-Year Total Returns (%): December 9, 1998-May 31, 2006 |
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| Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund
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Fiscal Year | Capital Return | Income Return | Total Return | Lehman1 Total Return |
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1999 | -7.5% | 4.1% | -3.4% | -0.8% |
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2000 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 9.2 | 7.7 |
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2001 | 3.9 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 8.2 |
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2002 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 6.7 |
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2003 | 2.2 | 4.5 | 6.7 | 6.9 |
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2004 | -0.9 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 |
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2005 | -0.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
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20062 | -0.8 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
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Average Annual Total Returns: Periods Ended March 31, 2006
This table presents average annual total returns through the latest calendar quarter—rather than through the end of the fiscal period. Securities and Exchange Commission rules require that we provide this information.
| Since Inception
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| Inception Date | One Year | Five Years | Capital | Income | Total |
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Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | 12/9/1998 | 3.67% | 4.69% | 0.12% | 4.59% | 4.71% |
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1 Lehman 10 Year Municipal Bond Index.
2 Six months ended May 31, 2006.
Note: See Financial Highlights table on page 21 for dividend and capital gains information.
10
Financial Statements (unaudited)
Statement of Net Assets
As of May 31, 2006
The fund provides a complete list of its holdings four times in each fiscal year, at the quarter-ends. For the second and fourth fiscal quarters, the lists appear in the fund’s semiannual and annual reports to shareholders. For the first and third fiscal quarters, the fund files the lists with the Securities and Exchange Commission on Form N-Q. Shareholders can look up the fund’s Forms N-Q on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Forms N-Q may also be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room (see the back cover of this report for further information).
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
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Municipal Bonds (98.4%) | | | | |
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Beverly MA GO | 5.250% | 11/1/12 (1) | 1,925 | 2,075 |
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Beverly MA GO | 5.250% | 11/1/13 (1) | 1,855 | 2,010 |
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Boston MA Convention Center Rev. | 5.000% | 5/1/18 (2) | 4,975 | 5,197 |
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Boston MA GO | 5.750% | 2/1/10 (Prere.) | 1,955 | 2,092 |
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Boston MA GO | 5.000% | 2/1/18 (1) | 3,765 | 3,940 |
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Boston MA Special Obligation Rev. |
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(Boston City Hosp.) | 5.000% | 8/1/17 (1) | 2,000 | 2,095 |
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Boston MA Water & Sewer Comm. Rev. | 5.750% | 11/1/13 | 540 | 583 |
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Chelsea MA GO | 5.500% | 6/15/09 (2) | 90 | 95 |
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Foxborough MA Stadium Infrastructure |
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Improvement Rev | 5.750% | 6/1/25 | 2,500 | 2,695 |
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Framingham MA Housing Auth. Mortgage Rev. | 6.200% | 2/20/21 | 900 | 998 |
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Framingham MA Housing Auth. Mortgage Rev. | 6.350% | 2/20/32 | 2,000 | 2,190 |
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Holyoke MA Gas & Electric Dept. Rev. | 5.000% | 12/1/21 (1) | 2,395 | 2,484 |
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Littleton MA GO | 5.000% | 1/15/22 (3) | 1,280 | 1,343 |
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Lynn MA GO | 5.250% | 6/1/13 (2) | 1,530 | 1,603 |
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Malden MA GO | 5.100% | 8/1/07 (1)(Prere.) | 2,765 | 2,838 |
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Malden MA GO | 5.200% | 8/1/07 (1)(Prere.) | 2,700 | 2,775 |
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Marlborough MA GO | 6.750% | 6/15/08 (3) | 1,400 | 1,483 |
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Mashpee MA GO | 5.125% | 2/1/08 (1)(Prere.) | 1,025 | 1,059 |
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Mashpee MA GO | 5.350% | 2/1/08 (1)(Prere.) | 1,525 | 1,581 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 7.000% | 3/1/09 | 2,000 | 2,163 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/10 (Prere.) | 3,950 | 4,178 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/22 | 5,285 | 5,963 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 7/1/23 | 10,000 | 10,715 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/23 | 5,325 | 5,864 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/24 | 2,500 | 2,840 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/26 (1) | 3,000 | 3,415 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/29 (1) | 3,000 | 3,428 |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/30 | 1,050 | 1,096 |
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11
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
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Massachusetts Bay Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/33 | 6,885 | 7,631 |
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Massachusetts College Building Auth. Rev. | 0.000% | 5/1/17 (10) | 3,340 | 2,033 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Boston Univ.) | 6.000% | 5/15/29 (2) | 1,400 | 1,656 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Boston Univ.) | 5.375% | 5/15/39 | 1,575 | 1,648 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Boston Univ.) VRDO | 3.510% | 6/7/06 (10) | 300 | 300 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Brooks School) VRDO | 3.500% | 6/7/06 (1) | 3,400 | 3,400 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(College of |
Pharmacy and Allied Health Services) | 5.750% | 7/1/33 | 1,000 | 1,047 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Deerfield Academy) | 5.000% | 10/1/28 | 1,500 | 1,548 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev.(Deerfield Academy) | 5.000% | 10/1/33 | 2,000 | 2,053 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Jewish Philanthropies) | 5.250% | 2/1/22 | 2,750 | 2,921 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Mount Holyoke College) | 5.250% | 7/1/31 | 4,000 | 4,147 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Neville Communities) | 6.000% | 6/20/44 | 1,500 | 1,659 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Smith College) | 5.750% | 7/1/10 (Prere.) | 1,195 | 1,297 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Smith College) | 5.750% | 7/1/10 (Prere.) | 3,000 | 3,256 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Suffolk Univ.) | 5.850% | 7/1/09 (Prere.) | 2,000 | 2,137 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Western New England College) | 5.875% | 12/1/12 (Prere.) | 600 | 659 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Western New England College) | 6.125% | 12/1/12 (Prere.) | 1,000 | 1,133 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Xaverian Brothers High School) | 5.550% | 7/1/19 | 1,000 | 1,032 |
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Massachusetts Dev. Finance Agency Rev. |
(Xaverian Brothers High School) | 5.650% | 7/1/29 | 1,500 | 1,541 |
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Massachusetts Educ. Finance Auth. Educ. Loan Rev. | 4.550% | 7/1/09 (2) | 850 | 850 |
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Massachusetts Educ. Finance Auth. Educ. Loan Rev. | 4.650% | 7/1/10 (2) | 685 | 685 |
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Massachusetts Educ. Finance Auth. Educ. Loan Rev. | 5.000% | 1/1/13 (2) | 1,445 | 1,457 |
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Massachusetts Educ. Finance Auth. Educ. Loan Rev. | 5.300% | 1/1/16 (2) | 2,175 | 2,203 |
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Massachusetts Educ. Finance Auth. Educ. Loan Rev. | 6.050% | 12/1/17 (1) | 1,570 | 1,596 |
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Massachusetts GAN | 5.125% | 12/15/10 | 1,480 | 1,540 |
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Massachusetts GAN | 5.750% | 12/15/10 | 3,000 | 3,242 |
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Massachusetts GAN | 5.125% | 12/15/12 | 1,750 | 1,818 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.250% | 9/1/08 | 1,850 | 1,911 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.625% | 6/1/10 (Prere.) | 1,450 | 1,553 |
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12
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.750% | 6/1/10 (Prere.) | 8,545 | 9,188 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.500% | 10/1/18 | 4,955 | 5,519 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.250% | 8/1/22 | 5,000 | 5,488 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.500% | 12/1/22 (4) | 2,000 | 2,264 |
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Massachusetts GO | 5.500% | 12/1/23 (2) | 1,030 | 1,170 |
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Massachusetts GO VRDO | 3.520% | 6/1/06 | 2,125 | 2,125 |
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Massachusetts GO VRDO | 3.520% | 6/1/06 | 6,910 | 6,910 |
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Massachusetts GO VRDO | 3.230% | 6/7/06 | 1,300 | 1,300 |
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Massachusetts GO VRDO | 3.420% | 6/7/06 | 14,800 | 14,800 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. |
(Baystate Medical Center) | 5.750% | 7/1/33 | 5,000 | 5,234 |
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1 Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Berklee College of Music) | 5.000% | 10/1/17 (1) | 1,250 | 1,292 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Boston Medical Center) | 5.000% | 7/1/19 (1) | 50 | 51 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Caritas |
Christi Obligated Group) | 6.750% | 7/1/16 | 2,000 | 2,212 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Children's Hosp.) VRDO | 3.520% | 6/1/06 (2) | 1,000 | 1,000 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) | 6.000% | 7/1/10 (Prere.) | 5,825 | 6,374 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) | 6.250% | 4/1/20 | 1,000 | 1,209 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) | 5.125% | 7/15/37 | 9,350 | 9,665 |
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2 Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) TOB VRDO | 3.260% | 6/7/06 (Prere.) | 4,000 | 4,000 |
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2 Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) TOB VRDO | 3.510% | 6/7/06 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) VRDO | 3.470% | 6/1/06 | 3,500 | 3,500 |
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Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Harvard Univ.) VRDO | 3.330% | 6/7/06 | 300 | 300 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Massachusetts General Hosp.) | 6.250% | 7/1/12 (2) | 500 | 535 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Milton Hosp.) | 5.500% | 7/1/10 | 520 | 529 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Milton Hosp.) | 5.500% | 7/1/16 | 1,235 | 1,247 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (MIT) | 5.250% | 7/1/21 | 6,765 | 7,496 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (MIT) | 5.250% | 7/1/24 | 3,060 | 3,406 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (MIT) | 5.250% | 7/1/30 | 5,000 | 5,564 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (MIT) | 5.500% | 7/1/32 | 3,000 | 3,448 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (New |
England Medical Center Hosp.) | 5.375% | 5/15/13 (3) | 3,835 | 4,101 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (New |
England Medical Center Hosp.) | 5.375% | 5/15/14 (3) | 3,000 | 3,198 |
|
13
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
---|
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners | | | | |
Healthcare System) | 5.250% | 7/1/11 | 2,080 | 2,177 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) | 5.250% | 7/1/12 | 2,850 | 2,976 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) | 5.250% | 7/1/14 | 1,000 | 1,039 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) | 5.250% | 7/1/15 (1) | 390 | 399 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) | 5.250% | 7/1/15 | 3,000 | 3,110 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) | 5.375% | 7/1/24 (1) | 1,640 | 1,678 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Partners |
Healthcare System) VRDO | 3.500% | 6/7/06 | 5,000 | 5,000 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Simmons College) | 5.000% | 10/1/20 (3) | 1,090 | 1,135 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Simmons College) | 5.000% | 10/1/22 (3) | 1,175 | 1,219 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Tufts Univ.) | 5.250% | 2/15/30 | 2,000 | 2,068 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts Memorial Health Care Inc.) | 5.250% | 7/1/14 (2) | 1,000 | 1,038 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts Memorial Health Care Inc.) | 6.500% | 7/1/21 | 5,000 | 5,426 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts Memorial Health Care Inc.) | 6.625% | 7/1/32 | 1,000 | 1,082 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts) | 5.875% | 10/1/10 (3)(Prere.) | 4,000 | 4,372 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts) | 5.125% | 10/1/27 (3) | 1,850 | 1,918 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts) | 5.125% | 10/1/34 (3) | 2,500 | 2,576 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts/Worcester) | 5.125% | 10/1/23 (3) | 1,000 | 1,049 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Univ. of |
Massachusetts/Worcester) | 5.250% | 10/1/31 (1) | 4,000 | 4,214 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Wellesley College) | 5.000% | 7/1/23 | 2,400 | 2,487 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Wellesley |
College) VRDO | 3.440% | 6/1/06 | 1,100 | 1,100 |
|
Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. (Williams College) | 5.000% | 7/1/28 | 1,000 | 1,028 |
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency Housing Rev. | 5.700% | 7/1/20 (2) | 1,455 | 1,504 |
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency Housing Rev. | 5.800% | 7/1/30 (2) | 1,455 | 1,501 |
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency Housing Rev. (Rental Housing) | 5.550% | 7/1/32 (4) | 1,500 | 1,541 |
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency |
Housing Rev. VRDO | 3.170% | 6/7/06 | 2,955 | 2,955 |
|
14
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
---|
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency Rev.(Housing Dev.) | 5.050% | 6/1/10 (1) | 235 | 236 |
|
Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency Rev.(Housing Dev.) | 5.150% | 12/1/11 (1) | 375 | 377 |
|
Massachusetts Ind. Finance Agency Rev.(Babson College) | 5.375% | 10/1/17 | 1,000 | 1,029 |
|
Massachusetts Muni. Wholesale Electric Co.Power System Rev. | 5.000% | 7/1/10 (2)(ETM) | 815 | 839 |
|
Massachusetts Muni. Wholesale Electric Co.Power System Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/12 (1) | 2,975 | 3,184 |
|
Massachusetts Muni. Wholesale Electric Co.Power System Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/13 (1) | 3,255 | 3,489 |
|
Massachusetts Muni. Wholesale Electric Co.Power System Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/16 (1) | 4,500 | 4,807 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/08 (4) | 2,000 | 2,057 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/08 | 1,325 | 1,357 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/09 (4) | 2,000 | 2,093 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.100% | 7/1/10 | 1,175 | 1,198 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.750% | 7/1/10 | 1,000 | 1,067 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/13 (1) | 2,260 | 2,327 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.375% | 7/1/18 | 2,000 | 2,072 |
|
Massachusetts Port Auth. Rev. | 5.750% | 7/1/19 | 1,000 | 1,054 |
|
Massachusetts School Building Auth.Dedicated Sales Tax Rev. | 5.000% | 8/15/25 (4) | 15,125 | 15,747 |
|
Massachusetts Special ObligationDedicated Tax Rev. | 5.500% | 1/1/27 (3) | 15,000 | 17,108 |
|
Massachusetts Special Obligation Rev. | 5.500% | 6/1/10 (2) | 3,150 | 3,186 |
|
Massachusetts Special Obligation Rev. | 5.000% | 6/1/17 | 2,040 | 2,105 |
|
Massachusetts Turnpike Auth. Rev.(Metro. Highway System) | 0.000% | 1/1/20 (1) | 3,000 | 1,583 |
|
Massachusetts Turnpike Auth. Rev.(Metro. Highway System) | 0.000% | 1/1/25 (1) | 5,000 | 2,041 |
|
Massachusetts Turnpike Auth. Rev.(Metro. Highway System) | 0.000% | 1/1/28 (1) | 6,530 | 2,282 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.375% | 8/1/09 (Prere.) | 1,435 | 1,521 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.750% | 8/1/09 (Prere.) | 615 | 659 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.250% | 8/1/17 | 5,000 | 5,403 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.250% | 8/1/22 | 3,500 | 3,867 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.375% | 8/1/27 | 2,565 | 2,684 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.500% | 8/1/29 | 1,000 | 1,053 |
|
Massachusetts Water Pollution Abatement Trust | 5.750% | 8/1/29 | 2,490 | 2,647 |
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 11/1/06 (3)(Prere.) | 120 | 122 |
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. | 6.000% | 12/1/11 (3) | 4,120 | 4,490 |
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 8/1/31 (2) | 5,000 | 5,173 |
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. VRDO | 3.520% | 6/1/06 LOC | 1,500 | 1,500 |
|
15
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
---|
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. VRDO | 3.210% | 6/7/06 (2) | 1,900 | 1,900 |
|
Massachusetts Water Resources Auth. Rev. VRDO | 3.210% | 6/7/06 (3) | 4,800 | 4,800 |
|
Narragansett MA Regional School Dist. GO | 6.500% | 6/1/13 (2) | 1,210 | 1,340 |
|
Pittsfield MA GO | 5.000% | 4/15/18 (1) | 1,000 | 1,047 |
|
Quabog MA Regional School Dist. GO | 5.500% | 6/1/18 (4) | 1,355 | 1,449 |
|
Quabog MA Regional School Dist. GO | 5.500% | 6/1/19 (4) | 1,355 | 1,448 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/08 (ETM) | 705 | 728 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 5.300% | 7/1/09 (ETM) | 340 | 356 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 5.400% | 7/1/09 (Prere.) | 520 | 556 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/09 (Prere.) | 1,175 | 1,260 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 6.000% | 7/1/09 (Prere.) | 570 | 619 |
|
Rail Connections Inc. Massachusetts Rev. | 6.000% | 7/1/09 (Prere.) | 1,030 | 1,119 |
|
Route 3 North Transp. Improvement Assn Massachusetts Lease Rev. | 5.375% | 6/15/10 (1)(Prere.) | 2,500 | 2,655 |
|
Shrewsbury MA GO | 5.000% | 8/15/13 | 1,030 | 1,093 |
|
Shrewsbury MA GO | 5.000% | 8/15/17 | 1,900 | 2,003 |
|
Shrewsbury MA GO | 5.000% | 8/15/18 | 3,185 | 3,355 |
|
Shrewsbury MA GO | 5.000% | 8/15/19 | 1,000 | 1,050 |
|
Tantasqua MA Regional School Dist. GO | 5.125% | 8/15/10 (4)(Prere.) | 2,575 | 2,736 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Building Auth. Refunding Rev. | 6.875% | 5/1/14 (ETM) | 1,000 | 1,193 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Building Auth. Rev. | 5.125% | 11/1/10 (Prere.) | 1,135 | 1,196 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Building Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 11/1/10 (2)(Prere.) | 2,600 | 2,784 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Building Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 11/1/10 (2)(Prere.) | 2,400 | 2,570 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 11/1/21 (2) | 5,680 | 5,954 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 11/1/22 (2) | 2,695 | 2,821 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 11/1/23 (2) | 1,760 | 1,841 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 11/1/24 (2) | 1,980 | 2,066 |
|
Univ. of Massachusetts Health & Educ. Fac. Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 11/1/25 (2) | 1,990 | 2,073 |
|
Westborough MA GO | 5.000% | 11/15/08 | 3,460 | 3,566 |
|
Westfield MA GO | 5.000% | 5/1/10 (3)(Prere.) | 1,715 | 1,810 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.500% | 10/1/09 (3) | 1,000 | 1,056 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.750% | 4/1/10 (4)(Prere.) | 1,000 | 1,081 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.625% | 8/15/10 (3)(Prere.) | 1,640 | 1,774 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.500% | 8/15/14 (3) | 1,445 | 1,558 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.500% | 8/15/15 (3) | 1,190 | 1,281 |
|
Worcester MA GO | 5.250% | 8/15/21 (3) | 1,500 | 1,587 |
|
Outside Massachusetts |
|
Puerto Rico Electric Power Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/17 (1) | 5,000 | 5,569 |
|
Puerto Rico GO | 5.500% | 7/1/19 (2) | 2,500 | 2,795 |
|
Puerto Rico GO | 5.500% | 7/1/22 (3) | 3,500 | 3,945 |
|
Puerto Rico GO | 5.000% | 7/1/33 | 1,600 | 1,600 |
|
Puerto Rico Govt. Dev. Bank VRDO | 3.160% | 6/7/06 (1) | 1,200 | 1,200 |
|
16
| Coupon | Maturity Date | Face Amount ($000) | Market Value• ($000) |
---|
|
Puerto Rico Highway & Transp. Auth. Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/12 (3) | 5,080 | 5,531 |
|
Puerto Rico Highway & Transp. Auth. Rev. VRDO | 3.130% | 6/7/06 (2) | 1,200 | 1,200 |
|
Puerto Rico Housing Finance Corp.Home Mortgage Rev. | 5.300% | 12/1/28 | 2,160 | 2,205 |
|
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Auth. |
Special Obligation Bonds | 5.500% | 10/1/40 | 5,000 | 5,329 |
|
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Auth.Special Tax Rev. | 5.500% | 7/1/25 (3) | 6,495 | 7,366 |
|
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Financing Auth.Special Tax Rev. | 0.000% | 7/1/35 (2) | 12,805 | 3,144 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Buildings Auth. Govt. Fac. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/12 (Prere.) | 1,100 | 1,178 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Buildings Auth. Govt. Fac. Rev. | 5.250% | 7/1/36 | 400 | 408 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Finance Corp. | 5.500% | 2/1/12 (Prere.) | 2,015 | 2,184 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Finance Corp. | 5.125% | 6/1/24 (2) | 2,155 | 2,331 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Finance Corp. | 6.000% | 8/1/26 (4) | 4,000 | 4,807 |
|
Puerto Rico Public Finance Corp. | 5.500% | 8/1/29 | 665 | 688 |
|
Virgin Islands Public Finance Auth. Rev. | 5.000% | 10/1/09 | 1,450 | 1,490 |
|
Virgin Islands Public Finance Auth. Rev. | 5.250% | 10/1/20 | 1,000 | 1,037 |
|
Total Municipal Bonds (Cost $522,638) | | | | 529,557 |
|
Other Assets and Liabilities (1.6%) |
|
Other Assets—Note B | | | | 10,102 |
|
Liabilities | | | | (1,491) |
|
| | | 8,611 |
|
Net Assets (100%) |
|
Applicable to 53,637,271 outstanding $.001par value shares of beneficial interest (unlimited authorization) | | 538,168 |
|
Net Asset Value Per Share | | | | $10.03 |
|
At May 31, 2006, net assets consisted of:3 |
---|
| Amount ($000) | Per Share |
---|
|
Paid-in Capital | 533,794 | $9.95 |
|
Undistributed Net Investment Income | — | — |
|
Accumulated Net Realized Losses | (2,455) | (.05) |
|
Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|
Investment Securities | 6,919 | .13 |
|
Futures Contracts | (90) | — |
|
Net Assets | 538,168 | $10.03 |
|
• See Note A in Notes to Financial Statements.
1 Securities with a value of $1,292,000 have been segregated as initial margin for open futures contracts.
2 Security exempt from registration under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933. Such securities may be sold in transactions exempt from registration, normally
to qualified institutional buyers. At May 31, 2006, the aggregate value of these securities was $9,000,000 representing 1.7% of net assets.
3 See Note D in Notes to Financial Statements for the tax-basis components of net assets.
17
Key to Abbreviations
ARS—Auction Rate Security.
BAN—Bond Anticipation Note.
COP—Certificate of Participation.
CP—Commercial Paper.
FR—Floating Rate.
GAN—Grant Anticipation Note.
GO—General Obligation Bond.
IDA—Industrial Development Authority Bond.
IDR—Industrial Development Revenue Bond.
PCR—Pollution Control Revenue Bond.
PUT—Put Option Obligation.
RAN—Revenue Anticipation Note.
TAN—Tax Anticipation Note.
TOB—Tender Option Bond.
TRAN—Tax Revenue Anticipation Note.
UFSD—Union Free School District.
USD—United School District.
VRDO—Variable Rate Demand Obligation.
(ETM)—Escrowed to Maturity.
(Prere.)—Prerefunded.
Scheduled principal and interest payments are guaranteed by:
(1) MBIA (Municipal Bond Insurance Association).
(2) AMBAC (Ambac Assurance Corporation).
(3) FGIC (Financial Guaranty Insurance Company).
(4) FSA (Financial Security Assurance).
(5) BIGI (Bond Investors Guaranty Insurance).
(6) Connie Lee Inc.
(7) FHA (Federal Housing Authority).
(8) CapMAC (Capital Markets Assurance Corporation).
(9) American Capital Access Financial Guaranty Corporation.
(10) XL Capital Assurance Inc.
(11) CIFG (CDC IXIS Financial Guaranty).
The insurance does not guarantee the market value of the municipal bonds.
LOC—Scheduled principal and interest payments are guaranteed by bank letter of credit.
18
Statement of Operations
| Six Months Ended May 31, 2006
|
---|
($000) |
---|
|
Investment Income | |
|
Income |
|
Interest | 11,305 |
|
Total Income | 11,305 |
|
Expenses |
|
The Vanguard Group—Note B |
|
Investment Advisory Services | 23 |
|
Management and Administrative | 263 |
|
Marketing and Distribution | 73 |
|
Custodian Fees | 1 |
|
Shareholders' Reports | 4 |
|
Total Expenses | 364 |
|
Expenses Paid Indirectly—Note C | (37) |
|
Net Expenses | 327 |
|
Net Investment Income | 10,978 |
|
Realized Net Gain (Loss) |
|
Investment Securities Sold | (63) |
|
Futures Contracts | (41) |
|
Realized Net Gain (Loss) | (104) |
|
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|
Investment Securities | (4,164) |
|
Futures Contracts | (90) |
|
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | (4,254) |
|
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | 6,620 |
|
19
Statement of Changes in Net Assets
| Six Months Ended May 31, 2006 ($000) | Year Ended Nov. 30, 2005 ($000) |
---|
|
Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets | | |
|
Operations |
|
Net Investment Income | 10,978 | 19,396 |
|
Realized Net Gain (Loss) | (104) | 844 |
|
Change in Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) | (4,254) | (4,475) |
|
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Resulting from Operations | 6,620 | 15,765 |
|
Distributions |
|
Net Investment Income | (10,978) | (19,396) |
|
Realized Capital Gain | (395) | — |
|
Total Distributions | (11,373) | (19,396) |
|
Capital Share Transactions—Note F |
|
Issued | 95,926 | 122,993 |
|
Issued in Lieu of Cash Distributions | 7,907 | 13,527 |
|
Redeemed | (57,814) | (85,922) |
|
Net Increase (Decrease) from Capital Share Transactions | 46,019 | 50,598 |
|
Total Increase (Decrease) | 41,266 | 46,967 |
|
Net Assets |
|
Beginning of Period | 496,902 | 449,935 |
|
End of Period | 538,168 | 496,902 |
|
20
Financial Highlights
For a Share Outstanding | Six Months Ended May 31, | Year Ended November 30,
|
---|
Throughout Each Period | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 |
---|
|
Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period | $10.12 | $10.18 | $10.27 | $10.05 | $9.97 | $9.60 |
|
Investment Operations |
|
Net Investment Income | .213 | .417 | .418 | .443 | .465 | .476 |
|
Net Realized and Unrealized |
Gain (Loss) on Investments | (.082) | (.060) | (.090) | .220 | .080 | .370 |
|
Total from Investment Operations | .131 | .357 | .328 | .663 | .545 | .846 |
|
Distributions |
|
Dividends from Net Investment Income | (.213) | (.417) | (.418) | (.443) | (.465) | (.476) |
|
Distributions from Realized Capital Gains | (.008) | — | — | — | — | — |
|
Total Distributions | (.221) | (.417) | (.418) | (.443) | (.465) | (.476) |
|
Net Asset Value, End of Period | $10.03 | $10.12 | $10.18 | $10.27 | $10.05 | $9.97 |
|
|
Total Return | 1.30% | 3.53% | 3.25% | 6.70% | 5.58% | 8.93% |
|
|
Ratios/Supplemental Data |
|
Net Assets, End of Period (Millions) | $538 | $497 | $450 | $414 | $375 | $294 |
|
Ratio of Total Expenses to |
Average Net Assets | 0.14%1 | 0.14% | 0.14% | 0.16% | 0.14% | 0.16% |
|
Ratio of Net Investment Income to |
Average Net Assets | 4.22%1 | 4.07% | 4.08% | 4.35% | 4.63% | 4.77% |
|
Portfolio Turnover Rate | 9%1 | 9% | 7% | 24% | 16% | 26% |
|
1 Annualized.
See accompanying Notes, which are an integral part of the Financial Statements.
21
Notes to Financial Statements
Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 as an open-end investment company, or mutual fund. The fund invests in debt instruments of municipal issuers whose ability to meet their obligations may be affected by economic and political developments in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
A. The following significant accounting policies conform to generally accepted accounting principles for U.S. mutual funds. The fund consistently follows such policies in preparing its financial statements.
1. Security Valuation: Bonds, and temporary cash investments acquired over 60 days to maturity, are valued using the latest bid prices or using valuations based on a matrix system (which considers such factors as security prices, yields, maturities, and ratings), both as furnished by independent pricing services. Other temporary cash investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. Securities for which market quotations are not readily available, or whose values have been materially affected by events occurring before the fund’s pricing time but after the close of the securities’ primary markets, are valued by methods deemed by the board of trustees to represent fair value.
2. Futures Contracts: The fund may use Municipal Bond Index, U.S. Treasury Bond, and U.S. Treasury Note futures contracts, with the objectives of enhancing returns, managing interest rate risk, maintaining liquidity, diversifying credit risk, and minimizing transaction costs. The fund may purchase or sell futures contracts instead of bonds to take advantage of pricing differentials between the futures contracts and the underlying bonds. The fund may also seek to take advantage of price differences among bond market sectors by simultaneously buying futures (or bonds) of one market sector and selling futures (or bonds) of another sector. Futures contracts may also be used to simulate a fully invested position in the underlying bonds while maintaining a cash balance for liquidity. The primary risks associated with the use of futures contracts are imperfect correlation between changes in market values of bonds held by the fund and the prices of futures contracts, and the possibility of an illiquid market.
Futures contracts are valued based upon their quoted daily settlement prices. The aggregate principal amounts of the contracts are not recorded in the financial statements. Fluctuations in the value of the contracts are recorded in the Statement of Net Assets as an asset (liability) and in the Statement of Operations as unrealized appreciation (depreciation) until the contracts are closed, when they are recorded as realized futures gains (losses).
3. Federal Income Taxes: The fund intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company and distribute all of its income. Accordingly, no provision for federal income taxes is required in the financial statements.
4. Distributions: Distributions from net investment income are declared daily and paid on the first business day of the following month. Annual distributions from realized capital gains, if any, are recorded on the ex-dividend date.
5. Other: Interest income is accrued daily. Premiums and discounts on debt securities purchased are amortized and accreted, respectively, to interest income over the lives of the respective securities. Security transactions are accounted for on the date securities are bought or sold. Costs used to determine realized gains (losses) on the sale of investment securities are those of the specific securities sold.
22
B. The Vanguard Group furnishes at cost investment advisory, corporate management, administrative, marketing, and distribution services. The costs of such services are allocated to the fund under methods approved by the board of trustees. The fund has committed to provide up to 0.40% of its net assets in capital contributions to Vanguard. At May 31, 2006, the fund had contributed capital of $57,000 to Vanguard (included in Other Assets), representing 0.01% of the fund’s net assets and 0.06% of Vanguard’s capitalization. The fund’s trustees and officers are also directors and officers of Vanguard.
C. The fund’s investment advisor may direct new issue purchases, subject to obtaining the best price and execution, to underwriters who have agreed to rebate or credit to the fund part of the underwriting fees generated. Such rebates or credits are used solely to reduce the fund’s management and administrative expenses. For the six months ended May 31, 2006, these arrangements reduced the fund’s expenses by $37,000 (an annual rate of 0.01% of average net assets).
D. Capital gain distributions are determined on a tax basis and may differ from realized capital gains for financial reporting purposes. Differences may be permanent or temporary. Permanent differences are reclassified among capital accounts in the financial statements to reflect their tax character. Temporary differences arise when gains or losses are recognized in different periods for financial statement and tax purposes; these differences will reverse at some time in the future. The fund’s tax-basis capital gains and losses are determined only at the end of each fiscal year.
The fund had realized losses totaling $2,348,000 through November 30, 2005, which are deferred for tax purposes and reduce the amount of unrealized appreciation on investment securities for tax purposes.
At May 31, 2006, net unrealized appreciation of investment securities for tax purposes was $4,571,000, consisting of unrealized gains of $9,760,000 on securities that had risen in value since their purchase and $5,189,000 in unrealized losses on securities that had fallen in value since their purchase.
At May 31, 2006, the aggregate settlement value of open futures contracts expiring in September 2006 and the unrealized appreciation (depreciation) were:
| ($000)
|
---|
Futures Contracts | Number of Long Contracts | Aggregate Settlement Value | Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
---|
|
30-Year U.S. Treasury Bond | 75 | 7,966 | (90) |
|
Unrealized appreciation (depreciation) on open futures contracts is required to be treated as realized gain (loss) for tax purposes.
E. During the six months ended May 31, 2006, the fund purchased $48,099,000 of investment securities and sold $21,292,000 of investment securities, other than temporary cash investments.
F. Capital shares issued and redeemed were:
| Six Months Ended May 31, 2006
| Year Ended November 30, 2005
|
---|
| Shares (000) | Shares (000) |
---|
|
Issued | 9,468 | 11,983 |
|
Issued in Lieu of Cash Distributions | 782 | 1,319 |
|
Redeemed | (5,713) | (8,382) |
|
Net Increase (Decrease) in Shares Outstanding | 4,537 | 4,920 |
|
23
About Your Fund’s Expenses
As a shareholder of the fund, you incur ongoing costs, which include costs for portfolio management, administrative services, and shareholder reports (like this one), among others. Operating expenses, which are deducted from a fund’s gross income, directly reduce the investment return of the fund. A fund’s expenses are expressed as a percentage of its average net assets. This figure is known as the expense ratio. The following examples are intended to help you understand the ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in your fund and to compare these costs with those of other mutual funds. The examples are based on an investment of $1,000 made at the beginning of the period shown and held for the entire period.
The table below illustrates your fund’s costs in two ways:
• Based on actual fund return. This section helps you to estimate the actual expenses that you paid over the period. The “Ending Account Value” shown is derived from the fund’s actual return, and the third column shows the dollar amount that would have been paid by an investor who started with $1,000 in the fund. You may use the information here, together with the amount you invested, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period.
To do so, simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number given for your fund under the heading “Expenses Paid During Period.”
• Based on hypothetical 5% yearly return. This section is intended to help you compare your fund’s costs with those of other mutual funds. It assumes that the fund had a yearly return of 5% before expenses, but that the expense ratio is unchanged. In this case—because the return used is not the fund’s actual return—the results do not apply to your investment. The example is useful in making comparisons because the Securities and Exchange Commission requires all mutual funds to calculate expenses based on a 5% return. You can assess your fund’s costs by comparing this hypothetical example with the hypothetical examples that appear in shareholder reports of other funds.
Six Months Ended May 31, 2006 |
---|
Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund | Beginning Account Value 11/30/2005 | Ending Account Value 5/31/2006 | Expenses Paid During Period1 |
---|
|
Based on Actual Fund Return | $1,000.00 | $1,012.96 | $0.70 |
|
Based on Hypothetical 5% Yearly Return | 1,000.00 | 1,024.23 | 0.71 |
|
Note that the expenses shown in the table are meant to highlight and help you compare ongoing costs only and do not reflect any transactional costs or account maintenance fees. They do not include your fund’s low-balance fee, which is described in the prospectus. If this fee were applied to your account, your costs would be higher. Your fund does not charge transaction fees, such as purchase or redemption fees, nor does it carry a “sales load.”
1 These calculations are based on expenses incurred in the most recent six-month period. The fund’s annualized six-month expense ratio for that period was
0.14%. The dollar amounts shown as “Expenses Paid” are equal to the annualized expense ratio multiplied by the average account value over the period,
multiplied by the number of days in the most recent six-month period, then divided by the number of days in the most recent 12-month period.
24
The calculations assume no shares were bought or sold during the period. Your actual costs may have been higher or lower, depending on the amount of your investment and the timing of any purchases or redemptions.
You can find more information about the fund’s expenses, including annual expense ratios, in the Financial Statements section of this report. For additional information on operating expenses and other shareholder costs, please refer to the appropriate fund prospectus.
25
Trustees Approve Advisory Arrangement
The board of trustees of Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund has renewed the fund’s investment advisory arrangement with The Vanguard Group, Inc. Vanguard—through its Fixed Income Group—serves as the investment advisor for the fund. The board determined that continuing the fund’s internalized management structure was in the best interests of the fund and its shareholders.
The board based its decision upon its most recent evaluation of the advisor’s investment staff, portfolio management process, and performance. The trustees considered the factors discussed below, among others. However, no single factor determined whether the board approved the arrangement. Rather, it was the totality of the circumstances that drove the board’s decision.
Nature, extent, and quality of services
The board considered the quality of the fund’s investment management over both short- and long-term periods, and took into account the organizational depth and stability of the advisor. Vanguard has been managing investments for more than two decades. George U. Sauter, Vanguard managing director and chief investment officer, has been in the investment management business since 1985. Robert F. Auwaerter, principal in charge of the Fixed Income Group, has been in the investment management business since 1978. The Fixed Income Group adheres to a sound, disciplined investment management process; the team has considerable experience, stability, and depth.
The board concluded that Vanguard’s experience, stability, depth, and performance, among other factors, warranted continuation of the advisory arrangement.
Investment performance
The board considered the short- and long-term performance of the fund, including any periods of outperformance or underperformance of relevant benchmarks and its peer group. The board noted that the fund has performed in line with expectations, and that its results have been consistent with its investment strategies. Information about the fund’s performance, including some of the data considered by the board, can be found in the Performance Summary section of this report.
Cost
The fund’s expense ratio was far below the average expense ratio charged by funds in its peer group. The fund’s advisory expense ratio was also well below its peer-group average. Information about the fund’s expense ratio appears in the About Your Fund’s Expenses section of this report as well as in the Financial Statements section. The board does not conduct a profitability analysis of Vanguard because of Vanguard’s unique “at-cost” structure. Unlike most other mutual fund management companies, Vanguard is owned by the funds it oversees, and produces “profits” only in the form of reduced expenses for fund shareholders.
The benefit of economies of scale
The board of trustees concluded that Vanguard Massachusetts Tax-Exempt Fund’s low-cost arrangement with Vanguard ensures that the fund will realize economies of scale as it grows, with the cost to shareholders declining as fund assets increase.
The board will consider whether to renew the advisory arrangement again after a one-year period.
26
Glossary
Average Coupon. The average interest rate paid on the fixed income securities held by a fund. It is expressed as a percentage of face value.
Average Duration. An estimate of how much the value of the bonds held by a fund will fluctuate in response to a change in interest rates. To see how the value could change, multiply the average duration by the change in rates. If interest rates rise by 1 percentage point, the value of the bonds in a fund with an average duration of five years would decline by about 5%. If rates decrease by a percentage point, the value would rise by 5%.
Average Effective Maturity. The average length of time until fixed income securities held by a fund reach maturity and are repaid, taking into consideration the possibility that the issuer may call the bond before its maturity date. The figure reflects the proportion of fund assets represented by each security; it also reflects any futures contracts held. In general, the longer the average effective maturity, the more a fund’s share price will fluctuate in response to changes in market interest rates.
Average Quality. An indicator of credit risk, this figure is the average of the ratings assigned to a fund’s holdings by credit-rating agencies. The agencies make their judgment after appraising an issuer’s ability to meet its obligations. Quality is graded on a scale, with Aaa or AAA indicating the most creditworthy bond issuers.
Beta. A measure of the magnitude of a fund’s past share-price fluctuations in relation to the ups and downs of a given market index. The index is assigned a beta of 1.00. Compared with a given index, a fund with a beta of 1.20 typically would have seen its share price rise or fall by 12% when the index rose or fell by 10%. A fund’s beta should be reviewed in conjunction with its R-squared (see definition below). The lower the R-squared, the less correlation there is between the fund and the index, and the less reliable beta is as an indicator of volatility.
Expense Ratio. The percentage of a fund’s average net assets used to pay its annual administrative and advisory expenses. These expenses directly reduce returns to investors.
R-Squared. A measure of how much of a fund’s past returns can be explained by the returns from the market in general, as measured by a given index. If a fund’s total returns were precisely synchronized with an index’s returns, its R-squared would be 1.00. If the fund’s returns bore no relationship to the index’s returns, its R-squared would be 0.
Short-Term Reserves. The percentage of a fund invested in highly liquid, short-term securities that can be readily converted to cash.
Yield. A snapshot of a fund’s interest income. The yield, expressed as a percentage of the fund’s net asset value, is based on income earned over the past 30 days (7 days for money market funds) and is annualized, or projected forward for the coming year.
Yield to Maturity. The rate of return an investor would receive if the fixed income securities held by a fund were held to their maturity dates.
27
The People Who Govern Your Fund
The trustees of your mutual fund are there to see that the fund is operated and managed in your best interests since, as a shareholder, you are a part owner of the fund. Your fund trustees also serve on the board of directors of The Vanguard Group, Inc., which is owned by the Vanguard funds and provides services to them on an at-cost basis.
A majority of Vanguard’s board members are independent, meaning that they have no affiliation with Vanguard or the funds they oversee, apart from the sizable personal investments they have made as private individuals.
Our independent board members bring distinguished backgrounds in business, academia, and public service to their task of working with Vanguard officers to establish the policies and oversee the activities of the funds. Among board members’ responsibilities are selecting investment advisors for the funds; monitoring fund operations, performance, and costs; reviewing contracts; nominating and selecting new trustees/directors; and electing Vanguard officers.
Each trustee serves a fund until its termination; or until the trustee’s retirement, resignation, or death; or otherwise as specified in the fund’s organizational documents. Any trustee may be removed at a shareholders’ meeting by a vote representing two-thirds of the net asset value of all shares of the fund together with shares of other Vanguard funds organized within the same trust. The table on these two pages shows information for each trustee and executive officer of the fund. The mailing address of the trustees and officers is P.O. Box 876, Valley Forge, PA 19482.
Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and Trustee |
| |
John J. Brennan1 | |
Born 1954 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Chairman of |
Trustee since May 1987; | the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and Director/Trustee of The |
Chairman of the Board and | Vanguard Group, Inc., and of each of the investment companies |
Chief Executive Officer | served by The Vanguard Group. |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | |
| |
IndependentTrustees | |
| |
Charles D. Ellis | |
Born 1937 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Applecore |
Trustee since January 2001 | Partners (pro bono ventures in education); Senior Advisor to |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | Greenwich Associates (international business strategy consulting); |
| Successor Trustee of Yale University; Overseer of the Stern School |
| of Business at New York University; Trustee of the Whitehead |
| Institute for Biomedical Research. |
| |
Rajiv L. Gupta | |
Born 1945 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Chairman and |
Trustee since December 20012 | Chief Executive Officer of Rohm and Haas Co. (chemicals); Board |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | Member of the American Chemistry Council; Director of Tyco |
| International, Ltd. (diversified manufacturing and services) (since |
| 2005);Trustee of Drexel University and of the Chemical Heritage |
| Foundation. |
| |
JoAnn Heffernan Heisen | |
Born 1950 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Corporate Vice |
Trustee since July 1998 | President and Chief Global Diversity Officer (since January 2006), |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | Vice President and Chief Information Officer (1997–2005), and |
| Member of the Executive Committee of Johnson & Johnson |
| (pharmaceuticals/consumer products); Director of the University |
| Medical Center at Princeton and Women’s Research and Education |
| Institute. |
André F. Perold | |
Born 1952 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: George Gund |
Trustee since December 2004 | Professor of Finance and Banking, Harvard Business School |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | (since 2000); Senior Associate Dean, Director of Faculty |
| Recruiting, and Chair of Finance Faculty, Harvard Business |
| School; Director and Chairman of UNX, Inc. (equities trading firm) |
| (since 2003); Director of registered investment companies advised |
| by Merrill Lynch Investment Managers and affiliates (1985–2004), |
| Genbel Securities Limited (South African financial services firm) |
| (1999–2003), Gensec Bank (1999–2003), Sanlam, Ltd. (South |
| African insurance company) (2001–2003), and Stockback, Inc. |
| (credit card firm) (2000–2002). |
| |
Alfred M. Rankin, Jr. | |
Born 1941 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Chairman, |
Trustee since January 1993 | President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director of NACCO |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | Industries, Inc. (forklift trucks/housewares/lignite); Director of |
| Goodrich Corporation (industrial products/aircraft systems and |
| services); Director of Standard Products Company (supplier for the |
| automotive industry) until 1998. |
J. Lawrence Wilson | |
Born 1936 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Retired |
Trustee since April 1985 | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Rohm and Haas Co. |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | (chemicals); Director of Cummins Inc. (diesel engines), |
| MeadWestvaco Corp. (packaging products), and |
| AmerisourceBergen Corp. (pharmaceutical distribution); Trustee of |
| Vanderbilt University and of Culver Educational Foundation. |
| |
Executive Officers1 | |
| |
Heidi Stam | |
Born 1956 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Principal of The |
Secretary since July 2005 | Vanguard Group, Inc.,since November 1997; General Counsel of |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | The Vanguard Group since July 2005;Secretary of The Vanguard |
| Group and of each of the investment companies served by The |
| Vanguard Group since July 2005. |
| |
Thomas J. Higgins | |
Born 1957 | Principal Occupation(s) During the Past Five Years: Principal of The |
Treasurer since July 1998 | Vanguard Group, Inc.;Treasurer of each of the investment |
136 Vanguard Funds Overseen | companies served by The Vanguard Group. |
| |
Vanguard Senior Management Team |
| |
R. Gregory Barton | |
Mortimer J. Buckley | |
James H. Gately | |
Kathleen C. Gubanich | |
F. William McNabb, III | |
Michael S. Miller | |
Ralph K. Packard | |
George U. Sauter | |
| |
Founder | |
| |
John C. Bogle | |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, 1974–1996 |
1 Officers of the funds are “interested persons” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940.
2 December 2002 for Vanguard Equity Income Fund, Vanguard Growth Equity Fund, the Vanguard Municipal Bond Funds, and the Vanguard State Tax-Exempt
Funds.
More information about the trustees is in the Statement of Additional Information, available from The Vanguard Group.
| ![](https://capedge.com/proxy/N-CSRS/0000932471-06-001086/ship.gif)
|
| P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA 19482-2600 |
Connect with Vanguard™ > www.vanguard.com
| |
---|
Fund Information > 800-662-7447 | Vanguard, Connect with Vanguard, and the ship logo |
| are trademarks of The Vanguard Group, Inc. |
Direct Investor Account Services > 800-662-2739 | |
| All other marks are the exclusive property of their |
Institutional Investor Services > 800-523-1036 | respective owners. |
| |
Text Telephone > 800-952-3335 | All comparative mutual fund data are from Lipper Inc. |
| or Morningstar, Inc., unless otherwise noted. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| You can obtain a free copy of Vanguard’s proxy voting |
This material may be used in conjunction | guidelines by visiting our website, www.vanguard.com, |
with the offering of shares of any Vanguard | and searching for “proxy voting guidelines,” or by calling |
fund only if preceded or accompanied by | Vanguard at 800-662-2739. They are also available from |
the fund’s current prospectus. | the SEC’s website, www.sec.gov. In addition, you may |
| obtain a free report on how your fund voted the proxies for |
| securities it owned during the 12 months ended June 30. |
| To get the report, visit either www.vanguard.com |
| or www.sec.gov. |
| |
| You can review and copy information about your fund |
| at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. |
| To find out more about this public service, call the SEC |
| at 202-551-8090. Information about your fund is also |
| available on the SEC’s website, and you can receive |
| copies of this information, for a fee, by sending a |
| request in either of two ways: via e-mail addressed to |
| publicinfo@sec.gov or via regular mail addressed to the |
| Public Reference Section, Securities and Exchange |
| Commission, Washington, DC 20549-0102. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| © 2006 The Vanguard Group, Inc. |
| All rights reserved. |
| Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor. |
| |
| Q1682 072006 |
Item 2: Not Applicable
Item 3: Not Applicable
Item 4: Not Applicable
Item 5: Not applicable.
Item 6: Not applicable.
Item 7: Not applicable.
Item 8: Not applicable.
Item 9: Not applicable.
Item 10: Not applicable.
Item 11: Controls and Procedures
(a) Disclosure Controls and Procedures. The Principal Executive and Financial Officers concluded that the Registrant's Disclosure Controls and Procedures are effective based on their evaluation of the Disclosure Controls and Procedures as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report.
(b) Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no significant changes in Registrant‘s Internal Control Over Financial Reporting or in other factors that could significantly affect this control subsequent to the date of the evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Item 12: Exhibits.
Certifications.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| VANGUARD MASSACHUSETTS TAX-EXEMPT FUND
|
BY: | (signature)
|
| (HEIDI STAM) JOHN J. BRENNAN* CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| VANGUARD MASSACHUSETTS TAX-EXEMPT FUND
|
BY: | (signature)
|
| (HEIDI STAM) JOHN J. BRENNAN* CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER |
| VANGUARD MASSACHUSETTS TAX-EXEMPT FUND
|
BY: | (signature)
|
| (HEIDI STAM) THOMAS J. HIGGINS* TREASURER |
*By Power of Attorney. See File Number 2-31333, filed on January 23, 2006. Incorporated by Reference.