Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (5) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loan segments and classes at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015 are summarized as follows: (In thousands) December 31, 2015 June 30, 2015 Residential real estate: Residential real estate $ 229,698 $ 226,648 Residential construction and land 5,212 3,621 Multi-family 4,443 4,287 Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate 163,110 142,323 Commercial construction 12,761 8,936 Consumer loan: Home equity 21,165 21,019 Consumer installment 4,097 4,123 Commercial loans 45,442 39,798 Total gross loans 485,928 450,755 Allowance for loan losses (8,611 ) (8,142 ) Deferred fees and costs 887 883 Loans receivable, net $ 478,204 $ 443,496 Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multifamily loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. Commercial loans consist of installment loans and lines of credit issued to business. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types. The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity is the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations. Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of December 31, 2015 are shown below. ( In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 227,712 $ 307 $ 95 $ 1,584 $ 229,698 Residential construction and land 5,212 - - - 5,212 Multi-family 4,342 - - 101 4,443 Commercial real estate 160,310 429 540 1,831 163,110 Commercial construction 12,761 - - - 12,761 Home equity 21,146 - 14 5 21,165 Consumer installment 4,089 4 - 4 4,097 Commercial loans 44,109 - 821 512 45,442 Total gross loans $ 479,681 $ 740 $ 1,470 $ 4,037 $ 485,928 Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2015 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 224,195 $ 638 $ 97 $ 1,718 $ 226,648 Residential construction and land 3,621 - - - 3,621 Multi-family 4,182 - - 105 4,287 Commercial real estate 138,468 - 986 2,869 142,323 Commercial construction 8,936 - - - 8,936 Home equity 20,731 - 15 273 21,019 Consumer installment 4,117 6 - - 4,123 Commercial loans 38,334 - 844 620 39,798 Total gross loans $ 442,584 $ 644 $ 1,942 $ 5,585 $ 450,755 The Company had no loans classified Doubtful or Loss at December 31, 2015 or June 30, 2015. Nonaccrual Loans Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at December 31, 2015, of which $1.3 million were in the process of foreclosure. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.7 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at December 31, 2015, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $671,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $4.6 million at June 30, 2015 of which $1.2 million were in the process of foreclosure. Included in nonaccrual loans were $2.6 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2015, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2015: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 1,279 $ - $ 946 $ 2,225 $ 227,473 $ 229,698 $ 961 Residential construction and land - - - - 5,212 5,212 - Multi-family 96 - - 96 4,347 4,443 - Commercial real estate 604 - 1,004 1,608 161,502 163,110 2,353 Commercial construction - - - - 12,761 12,761 - Home equity 256 - 5 261 20,904 21,165 19 Consumer installment 83 4 - 87 4,010 4,097 4 Commercial loans 125 - 75 200 45,242 45,442 282 Total gross loans $ 2,443 $ 4 $ 2,030 $ 4,477 $ 481,451 $ 485,928 $ 3,619 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2015: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 1,233 $ 329 $ 785 $ 2,347 $ 224,301 $ 226,648 $ 1,087 Residential construction and land 28 - - 28 3,593 3,621 - Multi-family - - - - 4,287 4,287 - Commercial real estate 339 1 1,132 1,472 140,851 142,323 2,964 Commercial construction - - - - 8,936 8,936 - Home equity 244 - 33 277 20,742 21,019 169 Consumer installment 25 6 - 31 4,092 4,123 - Commercial loans - - 175 175 39,623 39,798 388 Total gross loans $ 1,869 $ 336 $ 2,125 $ 4,330 $ 446,425 $ 450,755 $ 4,608 The Bank of Greene County had accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days totaling $81,000 and $84,000 as of December 31, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed. The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the six and three months ended December 31: For the six months ended December 31, For the three months ended December 31 (In thousands) 2015 2014 2015 2014 Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms $ 159 $ 199 $ 58 $ 71 Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans 99 85 50 39 Impaired Loan Analysis The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) subtopic “ Receivables – Loan Impairment.” The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated: As of December 31, 2015 For the six months ended December 31, 2015 For the three months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 124 $ 124 $ - $ 267 $ 2 $ 185 $ - Commercial real estate 1,030 1,236 - 1,143 17 1,086 11 Home equity 5 5 - 90 1 46 - Impaired loans with no allowance 1,159 1,365 - 1,500 20 1,317 11 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,376 1,376 260 1,393 28 1,382 14 Commercial real estate 413 413 60 566 12 461 6 Commercial loans 89 89 2 91 3 89 2 Impaired loans with allowance 1,878 1,878 322 2,050 43 1,932 22 Total impaired: Residential real estate 1,500 1,500 260 1,660 30 1,567 14 Commercial real estate 1,443 1,649 60 1,709 29 1,547 17 Home equity 5 5 - 90 1 46 - Commercial loans 89 89 2 91 3 89 2 Total impaired loans $ 3,037 $ 3,243 $ 322 $ 3,550 $ 63 $ 3,249 $ 33 As of June 30, 2015 For the six months ended December 31, 2014 For the three months ended December 31, 2014 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 432 $ 432 $ - $ 672 $ 13 $ 672 $ 10 Commercial real estate 1,206 1,412 - 457 13 455 6 Home equity 154 154 - 80 - 64 - Impaired loans with no allowance 1,792 1,998 - 1,209 26 1,191 16 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,411 1,411 263 2,669 47 2,450 16 Commercial real estate 895 895 187 2,476 42 2,429 - Home equity - - - 200 - 200 - Commercial loans 93 93 1 600 20 599 10 Impaired loans with allowance 2,399 2,399 451 5,945 109 5,678 26 Total impaired: Residential mortgage 1,843 1,843 263 3,341 60 3,122 26 Nonresidential mortgage 2,101 2,307 187 2,933 55 2,884 6 Home equity 154 154 - 280 - 264 - Commercial loans 93 93 1 600 20 599 10 Total impaired loans $ 4,191 $ 4,397 $ 451 $ 7,154 $ 135 $ 6,869 $ 42 The table below details loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the six and three month periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014. (D ollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Current Outstanding Recorded Investment Six months ended December 31, 2015 Residential real estate - $ - $ - $ - Six months ended December 31, 2014 Residential real estate 1 $ 164 $ 184 $ 184 Three months ended December 31, 2015 Residential real estate - $ - $ - $ - Three months ended December 31, 2014 Residential real estate 1 $ 164 $ 184 $ 184 There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2015 or 2014 which have subsequently defaulted during the six and three months ended December 31, 2015 or 2014, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions. Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Balance at September 30, 2015 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2015 Residential real estate $ 2,386 $ - $ - $ 6 $ 2,392 Residential construction and land 62 - - 8 70 Multi-family 25 - - - 25 Commercial real estate 3,814 148 - 354 4,020 Commercial construction 162 - - 169 331 Home equity 319 - - (14 ) 305 Consumer installment 240 65 15 (2 ) 188 Commercial loans 1,252 - - 20 1,272 Unallocated 206 - - (198 ) 8 Total $ 8,466 $ 213 $ 15 $ 343 $ 8,611 Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2015 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2015 Residential real estate $ 2,454 $ - $ - $ (62 ) $ 2,392 Residential construction and land 50 - - 20 70 Multi-family 40 - - (15 ) 25 Commercial real estate 3,699 162 17 466 4,020 Commercial construction 233 - - 98 331 Home equity 314 - - (9 ) 305 Consumer installment 223 143 40 68 188 Commercial loans 1,129 - - 143 1,272 Unallocated - - - 8 8 Total $ 8,142 $ 305 $ 57 $ 717 $ 8,611 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance December 31, 2015 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance December 31, 2015 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 260 $ 2,132 $ 1,500 $ 228,198 Residential construction and land - 70 - 5,212 Multi-family - 25 - 4,443 Commercial real estate 60 3,960 1,443 161,667 Commercial construction - 331 - 12,761 Home equity - 305 5 21,160 Consumer installment - 188 - 4,097 Commercial loans 2 1,270 89 45,353 Unallocated - 8 - - Total $ 322 $ 8,289 $ 3,037 $ 482,891 Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2014 (In thousands) Balance at September 30, 2014 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2014 Residential real estate $ 2,647 $ 168 $ - $ 110 $ 2,589 Residential construction and land 41 - - 10 51 Multi-family 45 - - (1 ) 44 Commercial real estate 3,164 - - 303 3,467 Commercial construction 109 - - 39 148 Home equity 376 - - (4 ) 372 Consumer installment 243 66 5 62 244 Commercial loans 831 6 6 50 881 Unallocated 264 - - (264 ) - Total $ 7,720 $ 240 $ 11 $ 305 $ 7,796 Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2014 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2014 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2014 Residential real estate $ 2,731 $ 242 $ - $ 100 $ 2,589 Residential construction and land 42 - - 9 51 Multi-family 59 - - (15 ) 44 Commercial real estate 2,936 - - 531 3,467 Commercial construction 38 - - 110 148 Home equity 361 - - 11 372 Consumer installment 240 121 24 101 244 Commercial loans 811 6 6 70 881 Unallocated 201 - - (201 ) - Total $ 7,419 $ 369 $ 30 $ 716 $ 7,796 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance June 30, 2015 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance June 30, 2015 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 263 $ 2,191 $ 1,843 $ 224,805 Residential construction and land - 50 - 3,621 Multi-family - 40 - 4,287 Commercial real estate 187 3,512 2,101 140,222 Commercial construction - 233 - 8,936 Home equity - 314 154 20,865 Consumer installment - 223 - 4,123 Commercial loans 1 1,128 93 39,705 Unallocated - - - - Total $ 451 $ 7,691 $ 4,191 $ 446,564 |