Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (5) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loan segments and classes at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 are summarized as follows: (In thousands) December 31, 2016 June 30, 2016 Residential real estate: Residential real estate $ 238,431 $ 234,992 Residential construction and land 4,980 5,575 Multi-family 3,904 3,918 Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate 246,306 192,678 Commercial construction 25,651 20,159 Consumer loan: Home equity 20,660 20,893 Consumer installment 4,714 4,350 Commercial loans 56,236 48,725 Total gross loans 600,882 531,290 Allowance for loan losses (10,421 ) (9,485 ) Deferred fees and costs 866 959 Loans receivable, net $ 591,327 $ 522,764 Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multifamily loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types. The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity is the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations. Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of December 31, 2016 are shown below. ( In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 235,628 $ 755 $ 93 $ 1,955 $ 238,431 Residential construction and land 4,980 - - - 4,980 Multi-family 3,810 - - 94 3,904 Commercial real estate 243,664 100 178 2,364 246,306 Commercial construction 25,651 - - - 25,651 Home equity 20,469 - - 191 20,660 Consumer installment 4,688 26 - - 4,714 Commercial loans 54,845 72 347 972 56,236 Total gross loans $ 593,735 $ 953 $ 618 $ 5,576 $ 600,882 Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2016 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 232,321 $ 757 $ 94 $ 1,820 $ 234,992 Residential construction and land 5,575 - - - 5,575 Multi-family 3,820 - - 98 3,918 Commercial real estate 190,293 52 531 1,802 192,678 Commercial construction 20,159 - - - 20,159 Home equity 20,555 321 12 5 20,893 Consumer installment 4,340 10 - - 4,350 Commercial loans 47,598 26 8 1,093 48,725 Total gross loans $ 524,661 $ 1,166 $ 645 $ 4,818 $ 531,290 The Company had no loans classified Doubtful or Loss at December 31, 2016 or June 30, 2016. Nonaccrual Loans Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.8 million at December 31, 2016, of which $1.5 million were in the process of foreclosure. At December 31, 2016, there were 12 residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $895,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at December 31, 2016, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $183,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.3 million at June 30, 2016 of which $1.5 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2016, there were nine residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $867,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2016, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2016: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 928 $ 455 $ 1,038 $ 2,421 $ 236,010 $ 238,431 $ 1,351 Residential construction and land 18 - - 18 4,962 4,980 - Multi-family - - - - 3,904 3,904 - Commercial real estate 1,007 959 613 2,579 243,727 246,306 1,936 Commercial construction - - - - 25,651 25,651 - Home equity 25 - 191 216 20,444 20,660 191 Consumer installment 51 26 - 77 4,637 4,714 - Commercial loans 458 72 116 646 55,590 56,236 276 Total gross loans $ 2,487 $ 1,512 $ 1,958 $ 5,957 $ 594,925 $ 600,882 $ 3,754 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2016: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 1,533 $ 637 $ 938 $ 3,108 $ 231,884 $ 234,992 $ 1,207 Residential construction and land - - - - 5,575 5,575 - Multi-family 47 - - 47 3,871 3,918 - Commercial real estate 324 793 590 1,707 190,971 192,678 1,899 Commercial construction - - - - 20,159 20,159 - Home equity 17 321 17 355 20,538 20,893 18 Consumer installment 34 10 - 44 4,306 4,350 - Commercial loans 392 112 - 504 48,221 48,725 202 Total gross loans $ 2,347 $ 1,873 $ 1,545 $ 5,765 $ 525,525 $ 531,290 $ 3,326 The Bank of Greene County had accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days totaling $73,000 and $77,000 as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed. The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended December 31: For the three months ended December 31, For the six months ended December 31 (In thousands) 2016 2015 2016 2015 Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms $ 56 $ 58 $ 136 $ 159 Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans 26 50 54 99 Impaired Loan Analysis The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “ Receivables – Loan Impairment.” The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated: As of December 31, 2016 For the three months ended December 31, 2016 For the six months ended December 31, 2016 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 266 $ 266 $ - $ 266 $ - $ 266 $ - Commercial real estate 427 427 - 821 4 921 14 Home equity - - - 2 - 4 - Commercial loans 195 195 - 65 1 33 1 Impaired loans with no allowance 888 888 - 1,154 5 1,224 15 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,235 1,235 244 1,238 12 1,241 24 Commercial real estate 1,450 1,656 221 749 7 576 11 Commercial loans 81 81 2 81 - 82 2 Impaired loans with allowance 2,766 2,972 467 2,068 19 1,899 37 Total impaired: Residential real estate 1,501 1,501 244 1,504 12 1,507 24 Commercial real estate 1,877 2,083 221 1,570 11 1,497 25 Home equity - - - 2 - 4 - Commercial loans 276 276 2 146 1 115 3 Total impaired loans $ 3,654 $ 3,860 $ 467 $ 3,222 $ 24 $ 3,123 $ 52 As of June 30, 2016 For the three months ended December 31, 2015 For the six months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 266 $ 266 $ - $ 185 $ - $ 267 $ 2 Commercial real estate 1,024 1,231 - 1,086 11 1,143 17 Home equity 5 5 - 46 - 90 1 Impaired loans with no allowance 1,295 1,502 - 1,317 11 1,500 20 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,457 1,457 267 1,382 14 1,393 28 Commercial real estate 405 405 61 461 6 566 12 Commercial loans 85 85 2 89 2 91 3 Impaired loans with allowance 1,947 1,947 330 1,932 22 2,050 43 Total impaired: Residential mortgage 1,723 1,723 267 1,567 14 1,660 30 Nonresidential mortgage 1,429 1,636 61 1,547 17 1,709 29 Home equity 5 5 - 46 - 90 1 Commercial loans 85 85 2 89 2 91 3 Total impaired loans $ 3,242 $ 3,449 $ 330 $ 3,249 $ 33 $ 3,550 $ 63 There were no loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 or 2015. There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2016 or 2015 which have subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 or 2015, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions. Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2016 (In thousands) Balance at September 30, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2016 Residential real estate $ 2,242 $ 90 $ - $ 82 $ 2,234 Residential construction and land 63 - - - 63 Multi-family 18 - - - 18 Commercial real estate 4,981 - - 384 5,365 Commercial construction 628 - - (25 ) 603 Home equity 251 - - 6 257 Consumer installment 168 69 18 107 224 Commercial loans 1,492 - - 21 1,513 Unallocated 133 - - 11 144 Total $ 9,976 $ 159 $ 18 $ 586 $ 10,421 Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2016 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2016 Residential real estate $ 2,396 $ 90 $ - $ (72 ) $ 2,234 Residential construction and land 75 - - (12 ) 63 Multi-family 22 - - (4 ) 18 Commercial real estate 4,541 - - 824 5,365 Commercial construction 502 - - 101 603 Home equity 309 - - (52 ) 257 Consumer installment 228 141 35 102 224 Commercial loans 1,412 - 3 98 1,513 Unallocated - - - 144 144 Total $ 9,485 $ 231 $ 38 $ 1,129 $ 10,421 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance December 31, 2016 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance December 31, 2016 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 244 $ 1,990 $ 1,501 $ 236,930 Residential construction and land - 63 - 4,980 Multi-family - 18 - 3,904 Commercial real estate 221 5,144 1,876 244,430 Commercial construction - 603 - 25,651 Home equity - 257 - 20,660 Consumer installment - 224 - 4,714 Commercial loans 2 1,511 276 55,960 Unallocated - 144 - - Total $ 467 $ 9,954 $ 3,653 $ 597,229 Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Balance at September 30, 2015 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2015 Residential real estate $ 2,386 $ - $ - $ 6 $ 2,392 Residential construction and land 62 - - 8 70 Multi-family 25 - - - 25 Commercial real estate 3,814 148 - 354 4,020 Commercial construction 162 - - 169 331 Home equity 319 - - (14 ) 305 Consumer installment 240 65 15 (2 ) 188 Commercial loans 1,252 - - 20 1,272 Unallocated 206 - - (198 ) 8 Total $ 8,466 $ 213 $ 15 $ 343 $ 8,611 Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2015 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2015 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at December 31, 2015 Residential real estate $ 2,454 $ - $ - $ (62 ) $ 2,392 Residential construction and land 50 - - 20 70 Multi-family 40 - - (15 ) 25 Commercial real estate 3,699 162 17 466 4,020 Commercial construction 233 - - 98 331 Home equity 314 - - (9 ) 305 Consumer installment 223 143 40 68 188 Commercial loans 1,129 - - 143 1,272 Unallocated - - - 8 8 Total $ 8,142 $ 305 $ 57 $ 717 $ 8,611 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance June 30, 2016 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance June 30, 2016 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 267 $ 2,129 $ 1,723 $ 233,269 Residential construction and land - 75 - 5,575 Multi-family - 22 - 3,918 Commercial real estate 61 4,480 1,429 191,249 Commercial construction - 502 - 20,159 Home equity - 309 5 20,888 Consumer installment - 228 - 4,350 Commercial loans 2 1,410 85 48,640 Unallocated - - - - Total $ 330 $ 9,155 $ 3,242 $ 528,048 Foreclosed real estate (FRE) FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016: (in thousands) December 31, 2016 June 30, 2016 Residential real estate $ 130 $ 61 Land - 65 Commercial real estate 208 244 Total foreclosed real estate $ 338 $ 370 |