Loans | Note 4. Loans Loan segments and classes at June 30, 2017 and 2016 are summarized as follows: At June 30, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Residential real estate: Residential real estate $ 245,331 $ 234,992 Residential construction and land 7,160 5,575 Multi-family 9,199 3,918 Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate 257,964 192,678 Commercial construction 28,430 20,159 Consumer loan: Home equity 21,076 20,893 Consumer installment 4,790 4,350 Commercial loans 60,381 48,725 Total gross loans 634,331 531,290 Allowance for loan losses (11,022 ) (9,485 ) Deferred fees and costs 878 959 Loans receivable, net $ 624,187 $ 522,764 At June 30, 2017 and 2016, loans to related parties including officers and directors were immaterial as a percentage of our loan portfolio. Credit Quality Indicators Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types. The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity is the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations. Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2017 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 242,592 $ 813 $ 91 $ 1,835 $ 245,331 Residential construction and land 7,160 - - - 7,160 Multi-family 9,110 - - 89 9,199 Commercial real estate 255,090 419 404 2,051 257,964 Commercial construction 28,254 - - 176 28,430 Home equity 20,858 - - 218 21,076 Consumer installment 4,770 10 - 10 4,790 Commercial loans 59,030 - 60 1,291 60,381 Total gross loans $ 626,864 $ 1,242 $ 555 $ 5,670 $ 634,331 Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator as of June 30, 2016 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 232,321 $ 757 $ 94 $ 1,820 $ 234,992 Residential construction and land 5,575 - - - 5,575 Multi-family 3,820 - - 98 3,918 Commercial real estate 190,293 52 531 1,802 192,678 Commercial construction 20,159 - - - 20,159 Home equity 20,555 321 12 5 20,893 Consumer installment 4,340 10 - - 4,350 Commercial loans 47,598 26 8 1,093 48,725 Total gross loans $ 524,661 $ 1,166 $ 645 $ 4,818 $ 531,290 The Company had no loans classified Doubtful or Loss at June 30, 2017 or 2016. Nonaccrual Loans Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at June 30, 2017 and 2016. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at June 30, 2017 of which $1.6 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2017, there were twelve residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $967,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $179,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.3 million at June 30, 2016 of which $1.5 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2016, there were nine residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $867,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2016, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2017: (In thousands) 30-59 days 60-89 90 days past due Total Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 2,088 $ 515 $ 935 $ 3,538 $ 241,793 $ 245,331 $ 1,240 Residential construction and land - - - - 7,160 7,160 - Multi-family - - - - 9,199 9,199 - Commercial real estate 74 1,070 540 1,684 256,280 257,964 1,452 Commercial construction - 176 - 176 28,254 28,430 176 Home equity 220 186 33 439 20,637 21,076 218 Consumer installment 22 10 10 42 4,748 4,790 10 Commercial loans 18 186 202 406 59,975 60,381 476 Total gross loans $ 2,422 $ 2,143 $ 1,720 $ 6,285 $ 628,046 $ 634,331 $ 3,572 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2016: (In thousands) 30-59 days 60-89 90 days past due Total Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 1,533 $ 637 $ 938 $ 3,108 $ 231,884 $ 234,992 $ 1,207 Residential construction and land - - - - 5,575 5,575 - Multi-family 47 - - 47 3,871 3,918 - Commercial real estate 324 793 590 1,707 190,971 192,678 1,899 Commercial construction - - - - 20,159 20,159 - Home equity 17 321 17 355 20,538 20,893 18 Consumer installment 34 10 - 44 4,306 4,350 - Commercial loans 392 112 - 504 48,221 48,725 202 Total gross loans $ 2,347 $ 1,873 $ 1,545 $ 5,765 $ 525,525 $ 531,290 $ 3,326 The Bank of Greene County had accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more totaling $69,000 and $77,000 as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrowers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current within a specified time period and have made a series of payments as agreed. The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans: For the years ended June 30, (In thousands) 2017 2016 Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms $ 227 $ 247 Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans 148 142 Impaired Loan Analysis The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “ Receivables – Loan Impairment.” The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated: As of June 30, 2017 For the year ended June 30, 2017 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ - $ - $ - $ 176 $ - Commercial real estate 809 809 - 704 33 Home equity 186 186 - 64 9 Commercial loans 186 186 - 111 8 Total impaired loans with no allowance 1,181 1,181 - 1,055 50 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,455 1,455 278 1,302 51 Commercial real estate 440 440 135 922 34 Commercial construction 176 176 23 15 - Commercial loans - - - 41 2 Total impaired loans with allowance 2,071 2,071 436 2,280 87 Total impaired loans: Residential real estate 1,455 1,455 278 1,478 51 Commercial real estate 1,249 1,249 135 1,626 67 Commercial construction 176 176 23 15 - Home equity 186 186 - 64 9 Commercial loans 186 186 - 152 10 Total impaired loans $ 3,252 $ 3,252 $ 436 $ 3,335 $ 137 As of June 30, 2016 For the year ended June 30, 2016 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 266 $ 266 $ - $ 243 $ 5 Commercial real estate 1,024 1,231 - 1,085 29 Home equity 5 5 - 48 1 Total impaired loans with no allowance 1,295 1,502 - 1,376 35 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,457 1,457 267 1,411 57 Commercial real estate 405 405 61 487 25 Commercial loans 85 85 2 89 5 Total impaired loans with allowance 1,947 1,947 330 1,987 87 Total impaired loans: Residential real estate 1,723 1,723 267 1,654 62 Commercial real estate 1,429 1,636 61 1,572 54 Home equity 5 5 - 48 1 Commercial loans 85 85 2 89 5 Total impaired loans $ 3,242 $ 3,449 $ 330 $ 3,363 $ 122 There were no loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the years ended June 30, 2017 or 2016. There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2016 or 2015 which have subsequently defaulted during the years ended June 30, 2017 or 2016, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan class during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan class based on historical loss experience, current economic conditions, and other considerations. Activity for the year ended June 30, 2017 (In thousands) Balance June 30, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance June 30, 2017 Residential real estate $ 2,396 $ 90 $ - $ (17 ) $ 2,289 Residential construction and land 75 - - 14 89 Multi-family 22 - - 21 43 Commercial real estate 4,541 39 - 1,087 5,589 Commercial construction 502 - - 185 687 Home equity 309 - - (75 ) 234 Consumer installment 228 270 88 185 231 Commercial loans 1,412 66 3 331 1,680 Unallocated - - - 180 180 Total $ 9,485 $ 465 $ 91 $ 1,911 $ 11,022 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 278 $ 2,011 $ 1,455 $ 243,876 Residential construction and land - 89 - 7,160 Multi-family - 43 - 9,199 Commercial real estate 135 5,454 1,249 256,715 Commercial construction 23 664 176 28,254 Home equity - 234 186 20,890 Consumer installment - 231 - 4,790 Commercial loans - 1,680 186 60,195 Unallocated - 180 - - Total $ 436 $ 10,586 $ 3,252 $ 631,079 Activity for the year ended June 30, 2016 (In thousands) Balance June 30, 2015 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance June 30, 2016 Residential real estate $ 2,454 $ - $ - $ (58 ) $ 2,396 Residential construction and land 50 - - 25 75 Multi-family 40 - - (18 ) 22 Commercial real estate 3,699 162 17 987 4,541 Commercial construction 233 - - 269 502 Home equity 314 - - (5 ) 309 Consumer installment 223 245 78 172 228 Commercial loans 1,129 20 2 301 1,412 Total $ 8,142 $ 427 $ 97 $ 1,673 $ 9,485 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance June 30, 2016 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance June 30, 2016 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 267 $ 2,129 $ 1,723 $ 233,269 Residential construction and land - 75 - 5,575 Multi-family - 22 - 3,918 Commercial real estate 61 4,480 1,429 191,249 Commercial construction - 502 - 20,159 Home equity - 309 5 20,888 Consumer installment - 228 - 4,350 Commercial loans 2 1,410 85 48,640 Total $ 330 $ 9,155 $ 3,242 $ 528,048 Foreclosed real estate (FRE) FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE as of June 30, 2017 and 2016: (in thousands) 2017 2016 Residential real estate $ - $ 61 Land - 65 Commercial real estate 799 244 Total foreclosed real estate $ 799 $ 370 |