Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (5) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loan segments and classes at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017 are summarized as follows: (In thousands) March 31, 2018 June 30, 2017 Residential real estate: Residential real estate $ 253,345 $ 245,331 Residential construction and land 8,153 7,160 Multi-family 14,201 9,199 Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate 279,476 257,964 Commercial construction 30,495 28,430 Consumer loan: Home equity 21,290 21,076 Consumer installment 4,863 4,790 Commercial loans 77,547 60,381 Total gross loans 689,370 634,331 Allowance for loan losses (11,622 ) (11,022 ) Deferred fees and costs 747 878 Loans receivable, net $ 678,495 $ 624,187 Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types. The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity is the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations. Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at March 31, 2018 are shown below. ( In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 250,543 $ 538 $ 89 $ 2,175 $ 253,345 Residential construction and land 8,153 - - - 8,153 Multi-family 11,908 - 2,205 88 14,201 Commercial real estate 269,164 173 8,468 1,671 279,476 Commercial construction 30,319 - - 176 30,495 Home equity 20,635 - - 655 21,290 Consumer installment 4,826 17 - 20 4,863 Commercial loans 76,440 18 240 849 77,547 Total gross loans $ 671,988 $ 746 $ 11,002 $ 5,634 $ 689,370 Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at June 30, 2017 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 242,592 $ 813 $ 91 $ 1,835 $ 245,331 Residential construction and land 7,160 - - - 7,160 Multi-family 9,110 - - 89 9,199 Commercial real estate 255,090 419 404 2,051 257,964 Commercial construction 28,254 - - 176 28,430 Home equity 20,858 - - 218 21,076 Consumer installment 4,770 10 - 10 4,790 Commercial loans 59,030 - 60 1,291 60,381 Total gross loans $ 626,864 $ 1,242 $ 555 $ 5,670 $ 634,331 The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at March 31, 2018 or June 30, 2017. The $10.4 million increase in loans designated as special mention at March 31, 2018 compared to June 30, 2017 represented loans which, based on updated annual review, indicated weaknesses in borrowers’ cash flow, warranting management’s closer monitoring. At March 31, 2018, all of these loans were performing and management believes that the identified weaknesses do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant a classification of substandard. Nonaccrual Loans Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.5 million at March 31, 2018 of which $1.8 million were in the process of foreclosure. At March 31, 2018, there were twelve residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.2 million. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.6 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at March 31, 2018, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $62,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at June 30, 2017 of which $1.6 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2017, there were twelve residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $967,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2018: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 2,124 $ 244 $ 883 $ 3,251 $ 250,094 $ 253,345 $ 1,640 Residential construction and land - - - - 8,153 8,153 - Multi-family - - - - 14,201 14,201 - Commercial real estate 1,949 743 674 3,366 276,110 279,476 1,278 Commercial construction - - - - 30,495 30,495 - Home equity 260 - 214 474 20,816 21,290 332 Consumer installment 34 17 9 60 4,803 4,863 9 Commercial loans 449 18 182 649 76,898 77,547 279 Total gross loans $ 4,816 $ 1,022 $ 1,962 $ 7,800 $ 681,570 $ 689,370 $ 3,538 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2017: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non- accrual Residential real estate $ 2,088 $ 515 $ 935 $ 3,538 $ 241,793 $ 245,331 $ 1,240 Residential construction and land - - - - 7,160 7,160 - Multi-family - - - - 9,199 9,199 - Commercial real estate 74 1,070 540 1,684 256,280 257,964 1,452 Commercial construction - 176 - 176 28,254 28,430 176 Home equity 220 186 33 439 20,637 21,076 218 Consumer installment 22 10 10 42 4,748 4,790 10 Commercial loans 18 186 202 406 59,975 60,381 476 Total gross loans $ 2,422 $ 2,143 $ 1,720 $ 6,285 $ 628,046 $ 634,331 $ 3,572 The Bank of Greene County had accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days totaling $0 and $69,000 at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed. The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three and nine months ended March 31: For the three months ended March 31, For the nine months ended March 31, (In thousands) 2018 2017 2018 2017 Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms $ 45 $ 50 $ 182 $ 186 Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans 30 34 95 88 Impaired Loan Analysis The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “ Receivables – Loan Impairment.” The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated: As of March 31, 2018 For the three months ended March 31, 2018 For the nine months ended March 31, 2018 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Commercial real estate $ 803 $ 803 $ - $ 800 $ 7 $ 803 $ 22 Home equity 181 181 - 181 - 182 - Commercial loans 353 353 - 355 - 320 - Impaired loans with no allowance 1,337 1,337 - 1,336 7 1,305 22 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,930 1,930 359 1,797 14 1,667 40 Commercial real estate 397 397 80 401 - 416 - Commercial construction 176 176 27 176 - 176 - Home equity 323 323 61 323 3 324 11 Impaired loans with allowance 2,826 2,826 527 2,697 17 2,583 51 Total impaired: Residential real estate 1,930 1,930 359 1,797 14 1,667 40 Commercial real estate 1,200 1,200 80 1,201 7 1,219 22 Commercial construction 176 176 27 176 - 176 - Home equity 504 504 61 504 3 506 11 Commercial loans 353 353 - 355 - 320 - Total impaired loans $ 4,163 $ 4,163 $ 527 $ 4,033 $ 24 $ 3,888 $ 73 As of June 30, 2017 For the three months ended March 31, 2017 For the nine months ended March 31, 2017 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ - $ - $ - $ 171 $ - $ 235 $ - Commercial real estate 809 809 - 423 11 755 25 Home equity 186 186 - 64 7 24 7 Commercial loans 186 186 - 192 3 86 4 Impaired loans with no allowance 1,181 1,181 - 850 21 1,100 36 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,455 1,455 278 1,268 15 1,250 39 Commercial real estate 440 440 135 1,440 12 864 23 Commercial construction 176 176 23 - - - - Commercial loans - - - - - 55 2 Impaired loans with allowance 2,071 2,071 436 2,708 27 2,169 64 Total impaired: Residential real estate 1,455 1,455 278 1,439 15 1,485 39 Commercial real estate 1,249 1,249 135 1,863 23 1,619 48 Commercial construction 176 176 23 - - - - Home equity 186 186 - 64 7 24 7 Commercial loans 186 186 - 192 3 141 6 Total impaired loans $ 3,252 $ 3,252 $ 436 $ 3,558 $ 48 $ 3,269 $ 100 The table below details loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the periods indicated. (D ollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Current outstanding Recorded Investment For the three months ended March 31, 2018 Residential 1 $ 184 $ 184 $ 184 For the nine months ended March 31, 2018 Residential 1 $ 184 $ 184 $ 184 Home equity 1 325 325 323 There were no loans modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2017. During the nine months ended March 31, 2018, a residential loan and a home equity loan were modified to extend the term of the loan thereby reducing the monthly payments for the borrower. There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2017 or 2016 which have subsequently defaulted during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018 or 2017, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions. Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2018 (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2017 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at March 31, 2018 Residential real estate $ 2,099 $ 25 $ - $ 5 $ 2,079 Residential construction and land 86 - - 8 94 Multi-family 95 - - 67 162 Commercial real estate 5,904 - - 52 5,956 Commercial construction 603 - - 136 739 Home equity 312 - - - 312 Consumer installment 252 79 29 (14 ) 188 Commercial loans 2,001 - - (26 ) 1,975 Unallocated - - - 117 117 Total $ 11,352 $ 104 $ 29 $ 345 $ 11,622 Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2017 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at March 31, 2018 Residential real estate $ 2,289 $ 96 $ - $ (114 ) $ 2,079 Residential construction and land 89 - - 5 94 Multi-family 43 - - 119 162 Commercial real estate 5,589 - - 367 5,956 Commercial construction 687 - - 52 739 Home equity 234 - - 78 312 Consumer installment 231 256 65 148 188 Commercial loans 1,680 157 - 452 1,975 Unallocated 180 - - (63 ) 117 Total $ 11,022 $ 509 $ 65 $ 1,044 $ 11,622 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance At March 31, 2018 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance At March 31, 2018 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 359 $ 1,720 $ 1,930 $ 251,415 Residential construction and land - 94 - 8,153 Multi-family - 162 - 14,201 Commercial real estate 80 5,876 1,200 278,276 Commercial construction 27 712 176 30,319 Home equity 61 251 504 20,786 Consumer installment - 188 - 4,863 Commercial loans - 1,975 353 77,194 Unallocated - 117 - - Total $ 527 $ 11,095 $ 4,163 $ 685,207 Activity for the three months ended March 31, 2017 (In thousands) Balance at December 31, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at March 31, 2017 Residential real estate $ 2,234 $ - $ - $ 29 $ 2,263 Residential construction and land 63 - - 15 78 Multi-family 18 - - 16 34 Commercial real estate 5,365 - - 141 5,506 Commercial construction 603 - - 45 648 Home equity 257 - - (30 ) 227 Consumer installment 224 68 25 (17 ) 164 Commercial loans 1,513 - - 58 1,571 Unallocated 144 - - 86 230 Total $ 10,421 $ 68 $ 25 $ 343 $ 10,721 Activity for the nine months ended March 31, 2017 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2016 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at March 31, 2017 Residential real estate $ 2,396 $ 90 $ - $ (43 ) $ 2,263 Residential construction and land 75 - - 3 78 Multi-family 22 - - 12 34 Commercial real estate 4,541 - - 965 5,506 Commercial construction 502 - - 146 648 Home equity 309 - - (82 ) 227 Consumer installment 228 209 60 85 164 Commercial loans 1,412 - 3 156 1,571 Unallocated - - - 230 230 Total $ 9,485 $ 299 $ 63 $ 1,472 $ 10,721 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance At June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance At June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 278 $ 2,011 $ 1,455 $ 243,876 Residential construction and land - 89 - 7,160 Multi-family - 43 - 9,199 Commercial real estate 135 5,454 1,249 256,715 Commercial construction 23 664 176 28,254 Home equity - 234 186 20,890 Consumer installment - 231 - 4,790 Commercial loans - 1,680 186 60,195 Unallocated - 180 - - Total $ 436 $ 10,586 $ 3,252 $ 631,079 Foreclosed real estate (FRE) FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE at March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017: (in thousands) March 31, 2018 June 30, 2017 Residential real estate $ 208 $ - Commercial real estate - 799 Total foreclosed real estate $ 208 $ 799 |