Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses | (5) Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Loan segments and classes at September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018 are summarized as follows: (In thousands) September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 Residential real estate: Residential real estate $ 262,264 $ 255,848 Residential construction and land 9,803 9,951 Multi-family 21,076 14,961 Commercial real estate: Commercial real estate 289,425 283,935 Commercial construction 38,836 39,366 Consumer loan: Home equity 21,744 21,919 Consumer installment 5,217 5,017 Commercial loans 87,711 84,644 Total gross loans 736,076 715,641 Allowance for loan losses (12,308 ) (12,024 ) Deferred fees and costs 758 814 Loans receivable, net $ 724,526 $ 704,431 Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk. When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations. The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types. The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity historically has been the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations. Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan. Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate. Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans. Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. Over the past few years, The Bank of Greene County has shifted more focus on the origination of commercial loans including commercial real estate. The Bank of Greene County has also formed relationships with other community banks within our region to participate in larger commercial loan relationships. These types of loans are generally considered to be riskier due to the size and complexity of the loan relationship. By entering into a participation agreement with the other bank, The Bank of Greene County can obtain the loan relationship while limiting its exposure to credit loss. Management completes its due diligence in underwriting these loans and monitors the servicing of these loans. Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at September 30, 2018 are shown below. ( In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 259,668 $ 343 $ 88 $ 2,165 $ 262,264 Residential construction and land 9,803 - - - 9,803 Multi-family 18,934 - 2,059 83 21,076 Commercial real estate 278,842 312 8,756 1,515 289,425 Commercial construction 38,660 - - 176 38,836 Home equity 20,894 - - 850 21,744 Consumer installment 5,187 13 - 17 5,217 Commercial loans 86,542 - 513 656 87,711 Total gross loans $ 718,530 $ 668 $ 11,416 $ 5,462 $ 736,076 Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at June 30, 2018 are shown below. (In thousands Performing Watch Special Mention Substandard Total Residential real estate $ 252,811 $ 577 $ 88 $ 2,372 $ 255,848 Residential construction and land 9,951 - - - 9,951 Multi-family 12,743 - 2,132 86 14,961 Commercial real estate 273,077 317 8,994 1,547 283,935 Commercial construction 39,190 - - 176 39,366 Home equity 21,170 128 - 621 21,919 Consumer installment 4,969 30 - 18 5,017 Commercial loans 83,148 195 457 844 84,644 Total gross loans $ 697,059 $ 1,247 $ 11,671 $ 5,664 $ 715,641 The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at September 30, 2018 or June 30, 2018. Nonaccrual Loans Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.4 million at September 30, 2018 of which $1.8 million were in the process of foreclosure. At September 30, 2018, there were 10 residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.2 million. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.6 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at September 30, 2018: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non-accrual Residential real estate $ 3,140 $ 337 $ 823 $ 4,300 $ 257,964 $ 262,264 $ 1,634 Residential construction and land - - - - 9,803 9,803 - Multi-family 141 - - 141 20,935 21,076 - Commercial real estate 1,150 481 568 2,199 287,226 289,425 1,119 Commercial construction - - - - 38,836 38,836 - Home equity 179 - 408 587 21,157 21,744 529 Consumer installment 19 13 8 40 5,177 5,217 17 Commercial loans 433 103 - 536 87,175 87,711 88 Total gross loans $ 5,062 $ 934 $ 1,807 $ 7,803 $ 728,273 $ 736,076 $ 3,387 The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2018: (In thousands) 30-59 days past due 60-89 days past due 90 days or more past due Total past due Current Total Loans Loans on Non-accrual Residential real estate $ 1,617 $ 458 $ 1,211 $ 3,286 $ 252,562 $ 255,848 $ 1,778 Residential construction and land - - - - 9,951 9,951 - Multi-family - - - - 14,961 14,961 - Commercial real estate 1,568 487 568 2,623 281,312 283,935 1,147 Commercial construction - - - - 39,366 39,366 - Home equity 38 128 299 465 21,454 21,919 298 Consumer installment 3 30 8 41 4,976 5,017 18 Commercial loans 250 195 182 627 84,017 84,644 276 Total gross loans $ 3,476 $ 1,298 $ 2,268 $ 7,042 $ 708,599 $ 715,641 $ 3,517 The Bank of Greene County had no accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days at September 30, 2018 and $62,000 at June 30, 2018, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed. The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three months ended September 30: (In thousands) 2018 2017 Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms $ 71 $ 78 Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans 32 34 Impaired Loan Analysis The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “ Receivables – Loan Impairment.” The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated: At September 30, 2018 For the three months ended September 30, 2018 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ - $ - $ - $ 7 $ 3 Commercial real estate 794 794 - 796 8 Home equity 309 309 - 224 - Commercial loans 155 155 - 157 - Total impaired loans with no allowance 1,258 1,258 - 1,184 11 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,800 1,800 310 1,855 23 Commercial real estate 360 360 41 365 - Commercial construction 176 176 29 176 - Home equity 322 322 59 322 4 Total impaired loans with allowance 2,658 2,658 439 2,718 27 Total impaired: Residential real estate 1,800 1,800 310 1,862 26 Commercial real estate 1,154 1,154 41 1,161 8 Commercial construction 176 176 29 176 - Home equity 631 631 59 546 4 Commercial loans 155 155 - 157 - Total impaired loans $ 3,916 $ 3,916 $ 439 $ 3,902 $ 38 At June 30, 2018 For the three months ended September 30, 2017 (In thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized With no related allowance recorded: Residential real estate $ 22 $ 22 $ - $ - $ - Commercial real estate 799 799 - 807 8 Home equity 181 181 - 183 - Commercial loans 347 347 - 245 - Total impaired loans with no allowance 1,349 1,349 - 1,235 8 With an allowance recorded: Residential real estate 1,922 1,922 332 1,536 11 Commercial real estate 379 379 60 430 - Commercial construction 176 176 29 176 - Home equity 322 322 61 325 3 Total impaired loans with allowance 2,799 2,799 482 2,467 14 Total impaired loans: Residential real estate 1,944 1,944 332 1,536 11 Commercial real estate 1,178 1,178 60 1,237 8 Commercial construction 176 176 29 176 - Home equity 503 503 61 508 3 Commercial loans 347 347 - 245 - Total impaired loans $ 4,148 $ 4,148 $ 482 $ 3,702 $ 22 The table below details loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the three months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017. (D ollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Current Outstanding Recorded September 30, 2018 None - - - - September 30, 2017 Home equity 1 $ 325 $ 325 $ 325 There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2018 or 2017 which have subsequently defaulted during the three months ended September 30, 2018 or 2017, respectively. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions. Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2018 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2018 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, 2018 Residential real estate $ 2,116 $ 21 $ 13 $ - $ 2,108 Residential construction and land 114 - - 2 116 Multi-family 162 - - 9 171 Commercial real estate 5,979 - - 44 6,023 Commercial construction 950 - - 7 957 Home equity 317 - - - 317 Consumer installment 224 99 37 67 229 Commercial loans 2,128 - - 5 2,133 Unallocated 34 - - 220 254 Total $ 12,024 $ 120 $ 50 $ 354 $ 12,308 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance At September 30, 2018 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance At September 30, 2018 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 310 $ 1,798 $ 1,800 $ 260,464 Residential construction and land - 116 - 9,803 Multi-family - 171 - 21,076 Commercial real estate 41 5,982 1,154 288,271 Commercial construction 29 928 176 38,660 Home equity 59 258 631 21,113 Consumer installment - 229 - 5,217 Commercial loans - 2,133 155 87,556 Unallocated - 254 - - Total $ 439 $ 11,869 $ 3,916 $ 732,160 Activity for the three months ended September 30, 2017 (In thousands) Balance at June 30, 2017 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision Balance at September 30, 2017 Residential real estate $ 2,289 $ 44 $ - $ (169 ) $ 2,076 Residential construction and land 89 - - 4 93 Multi-family 43 - - 33 76 Commercial real estate 5,589 - - 170 5,759 Commercial construction 687 - - 63 750 Home equity 234 - - 81 315 Consumer installment 231 88 18 42 203 Commercial loans 1,680 157 - 225 1,748 Unallocated 180 - - (102 ) 78 Total $ 11,022 $ 289 $ 18 $ 347 $ 11,098 Allowance for Loan Losses Loans Receivable Ending Balance At June 30, 2018 Impairment Analysis Ending Balance At June 30, 2018 Impairment Analysis (In thousands) Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Individually Evaluated Collectively Evaluated Residential real estate $ 332 $ 1,784 $ 1,944 $ 253,904 Residential construction and land - 114 - 9,951 Multi-family - 162 - 14,961 Commercial real estate 60 5,919 1,178 282,757 Commercial construction 29 921 176 39,190 Home equity 61 256 503 21,416 Consumer installment - 224 - 5,017 Commercial loans - 2,128 347 84,297 Unallocated - 34 - - Total $ 482 $ 11,542 $ 4,148 $ 711,493 Foreclosed real estate (FRE) FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE at September 30, 2018 and June 30, 2018: (in thousands) September 30, 2018 June 30, 2018 Residential real estate $ 79 $ 119 Total foreclosed real estate $ 79 $ 119 |