Item 6. | Indemnification of Directors and Officers. |
The Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (b) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. The Company’s Charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
The Company’s Charter provides that the Company, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, shall indemnify (i) its directors and officers and (ii) other employees and agents. The Company’s Bylaws obligate it, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any present or former director or officer of the Company who is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a director, trustee, officer or partner and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, against any claim or liability to which he or she may become subject by reason of such status. The Company’s Charter and Bylaws also permit the Company to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served as a predecessor of the Company in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of the Company or a predecessor of the Company.
The MGCL requires a Maryland corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which the Company’s Charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) the director of officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property, or services or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In accordance with the MGCL, the Company is required, as a condition to advancing expenses, to obtain (1) a written affirmation by the director, officer or employee of his or her good faith belief that he/she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and (2) a written statement by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company if it shall ultimately be determined that the applicable standard of conduct was not met.
The Company has also entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers that obligate it to indemnify them to the maximum extent permitted under Maryland law. The agreements require the Company to indemnify the director or officer (the “indemnitee”) against all judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (other than one initiated by or on behalf of the Company) to which such person became subject by reason of his or her status as a present or former director, trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any other corporation or enterprise for which such person is or was serving at the Company’s request. In addition, the indemnification agreement requires the Company to indemnify the indemnitee against all amounts paid in settlement and all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the indemnitee in connection with a proceeding that is brought by or on behalf of the Company. In either case, the indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification if it is established that one of the exceptions to indemnification under Maryland law set forth above exists.
In addition, the indemnification agreement requires the Company to advance reasonable expenses incurred by the indemnitee within 10 days of the receipt by the Company of a statement from the indemnitee requesting the advance, provided the statement evidences the expenses and is accompanied by:
| • | | a written affirmation of the indemnitee’s good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification, and |