| | |
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT (To Prospectus dated January 31, 2006) | | Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) Registration No. 333-131018 |
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
$150,000,000
11.125% Senior Notes due 2013
Recent Developments
We have attached to this prospectus supplement the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Triad Financial Corporation for the period ended September 30, 2006. The attached information updates and supplements Triad Financial Corporation’s Prospectus dated January 31, 2006, the Prospectus Supplement dated April 3, 2006, the Prospectus Supplement dated May 12, 2006 and the Prospectus Supplement dated August 14, 2006.
You should carefully consider the risk factors beginning on page 10 of the Prospectus before investing.
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved the notes to be distributed, nor have any of these organizations determined that this prospectus or this prospectus supplement is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
This prospectus supplement, together with the prospectus, the prospectus supplement dated April 3, 2006, the prospectus supplement dated May 12, 2006 and the prospectus supplement dated August 14, 2006, is to be used by Goldman, Sachs & Co. in connection with offers and sales of the notes in market-making transactions and by certain affiliated selling noteholders at negotiated prices related to prevailing market prices at the time of the sale. Goldman, Sachs & Co. may act as principal or agent in such transactions.
November 13, 2006
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark one)
| | |
þ | | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2006
OR
| | |
o | | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 333-126538
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| | |
California | | 33-0356705 |
(State of Incorporation) | | (IRS Employer Identification No) |
| | |
7711 Center Avenue, Suite 100 | | 92647 |
Huntington Beach, California | | (Zip Code) |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | |
(714) 373-8300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.þ Yeso No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
o Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer þ Non-accelerated filer
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).o Yesþ No
As of October 10, 2006, the registrant had 9,069 shares of common stock outstanding, all of which were owned by the registrant’s parent, Triad Holdings Inc.
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
INDEX TO FORM 10-Q
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements are based on the current beliefs of the Company’s Management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to Management. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Quarterly Report, including without limitation, statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” regarding the Company’s financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of Management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. When used in this Quarterly Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and words or phrases of similar meaning, as they relate to the company or the Management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Although Management believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from Management’s expectations (“cautionary statements”) include, but are not limited to:
| • | | our ability to make payments of principal and interest on, or refinance, our substantial indebtedness; |
|
| • | | our reliance on our warehouse facilities, residual facilities, securitization program and credit enhancement arrangements; |
|
| • | | our ability to generate significant amounts of cash to service our debt and fund our operations; |
|
| • | | loss of contractual servicing rights; |
|
| • | | our exposure to the risk of increases in defaults and prepayments of contracts purchased and held by us prior to their securitization and the subsequent performance of receivables held in securitization trusts; |
|
| • | | changes in the delinquency, default and loss rates on the receivables included in each securitization trust; |
|
| • | | failure to implement our business strategy; |
|
| • | | the high degree of risk associated with non-prime borrowers; |
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| • | | general economic conditions, including wholesale auction values and interest rates; |
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| • | | our ability to successfully compete in our industry; and |
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| • | | our ability to maintain the material licenses and permits required for our operations. |
Based upon changing conditions, if any one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if any underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended. We do not intend to update these forward-looking statements.
1
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheets
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | September 30, 2006 | | | December 31, 2005 | |
| | (Note 1) | | | (Note 1) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | (Unaudited) | |
ASSETS | | | | | | | | |
Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 52,778 | | | $ | 45,295 | |
Cash — restricted | | | 256,354 | | | | 153,231 | |
Finance receivables held for investment, net | | | 3,791,402 | | | | 2,596,809 | |
Retained interest in securitized assets | | | 114,831 | | | | 216,952 | |
Accounts receivable | | | 45,013 | | | | 31,438 | |
Fixed assets, net of accumulated depreciation of $11,587 in 2006 and $5,554 in 2005 | | | 19,244 | | | | 16,733 | |
Collateral held for resale | | | 17,830 | | | | 8,158 | |
Capitalized financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of $16,910 in 2006 and $6,851 in 2005 | | | 15,848 | | | | 20,263 | |
Deferred tax asset, net | | | 41,528 | | | | 13,076 | |
Goodwill | | | 30,446 | | | | 30,446 | |
Taxes receivable | | | 3,970 | | | | — | |
Other assets | | | 3,083 | | | | 5,755 | |
| | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 4,392,327 | | | $ | 3,138,156 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY | | | | | | | | |
Liabilities | | | | | | | | |
Revolving credit facilities | | $ | 1,226,975 | | | $ | 935,848 | |
Due to Ford Motor Credit Company | | | 16,989 | | | | 52,323 | |
Securitization notes payable | | | 2,509,896 | | | | 1,572,268 | |
Senior notes payable | | | 149,144 | | | | 149,079 | |
Taxes payable | | | — | | | | 6,923 | |
Other liabilities | | | 77,130 | | | | 64,883 | |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities | | | 3,980,134 | | | | 2,781,324 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Stockholder’s Equity | | | | | | | | |
Preferred stock, no par value; authorized 3,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,500,000 shares at September 30, 2006 and none at December 31, 2005 | | | 30,000 | | | | — | |
Common stock, no par value; authorized 9,069 shares; issued and outstanding 9,069 shares at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 | | | — | | | | — | |
Additional paid in capital | | | 345,000 | | | | 345,000 | |
Retained earnings | | | 28,153 | | | | 9,983 | |
Accumulated other comprehensive income | | | 9,040 | | | | 1,849 | |
| | | | | | |
Total stockholder’s equity | | | 412,193 | | | | 356,832 | |
| | | | | | |
Total liabilities and stockholder’s equity | | $ | 4,392,327 | | | $ | 3,138,156 | |
| | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
2
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Three Months | | | Three Months | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | |
| | September 30, 2006 | | | September 30, 2005 | |
| | (Note 1) | | | (Note 1) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
| | (Unaudited) | |
Financing and other interest income | | $ | 162,011 | | | $ | 78,644 | |
Interest expense | | | 55,482 | | | | 31,801 | |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | | 106,529 | | | | 46,843 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 68,154 | | | | 19,285 | |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin after provision for credit losses | | | 38,375 | | | | 27,558 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income | | | 4,782 | | | | 8,752 | |
Other income (loss) | | | (3,257 | ) | | | 7,423 | |
| | | | | | |
Total other revenues | | | 1,525 | | | | 16,175 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | 35,878 | | | | 36,833 | |
| | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 35,878 | | | | 36,833 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 4,022 | | | | 6,900 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 1,588 | | | | 2,746 | |
| | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 2,434 | | | $ | 4,154 | |
| | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | through | | | | through | |
| | September 30, 2006 | | | September 30, 2005 | | | | April 29, 2005 | |
| | (Note 1) | | | (Note 1) | | | | (Note 1) | |
| | | | | | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | | | |
| | | | | | (Unaudited) | | | | | | |
Financing and other interest income | | $ | 411,253 | | | $ | 124,220 | | | | $ | 127,243 | |
Interest expense | | | 144,259 | | | | 50,701 | | | | | 21,440 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | | 266,994 | | | | 73,519 | | | | | 105,803 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 163,196 | | | | 27,517 | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net interest margin after provision for credit losses | | | 103,798 | | | | 46,002 | | | | | 105,803 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income | | | 18,063 | | | | 15,782 | | | | | 16,597 | |
Other income | | | 13,041 | | | | 7,296 | | | | | 9,512 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total other revenues | | | 31,104 | | | | 23,078 | | | | | 26,109 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating expenses | | | 103,759 | | | | 55,835 | | | | | 39,857 | |
Other expenses | | | — | | | | — | | | | | 30,505 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total expenses | | | 103,759 | | | | 55,835 | | | | | 70,362 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Income before income taxes | | | 31,143 | | | | 13,245 | | | | | 61,550 | |
Provision for income taxes | | | 12,185 | | | | 5,264 | | | | | 23,208 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 18,958 | | | $ | 7,981 | | | | $ | 38,342 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4
TRIAD FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months Ended | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | September, 30, | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | 2006 | | | September 30, 2005 | | | | April 29, 2005 | |
| | (Note 1) | | | (Note 1) | | | | (Note 1) | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | | | |
| | (Unaudited) | | | | | | |
Cash flows from operating activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net income | | $ | 18,958 | | | $ | 7,981 | | | | $ | 38,342 | |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Purchases of finance receivables held for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | | (627,399 | ) |
Collections on finance receivables held for sale | | | — | | | | — | | | | | 215,322 | |
Depreciation and amortization | | | 16,157 | | | | 7,415 | | | | | 2,714 | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 163,196 | | | | 27,517 | | | | | — | |
Deferred income tax benefit | | | (33,146 | ) | | | — | | | | | — | |
Accretion of present value discount | | | (20,379 | ) | | | (18,181 | ) | | | | (22,046 | ) |
Amortization of purchase premium | | | 45,369 | | | | 54,820 | | | | | — | |
Impairment charges on retained interest on securitizations | | | — | | | | 1,575 | | | | | 490 | |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Accounts receivable | | | (13,575 | ) | | | 12,451 | | | | | (3,711 | ) |
Other assets | | | 1,884 | | | | (3,989 | ) | | | | (375 | ) |
Other liabilities | | | 12,247 | | | | 25,087 | | | | | (8,161 | ) |
Current taxes receivable/payable | | | (10,893 | ) | | | 5,264 | | | | | 21,259 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | | | 179,818 | | | | 119,940 | | | | | (383,565 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from investing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Acquisition of Triad Financial Corporation | | | — | | | | (553,548 | ) | | | | — | |
Distributions from gain on sale trusts | | | 134,386 | | | | 65,130 | | | | | 75,675 | |
Repurchases from gain on sale trusts | | | (131,212 | ) | | | — | | | | | — | |
Purchases of finance receivables held for investment | | | (2,223,083 | ) | | | (797,420 | ) | | | | — | |
Collections on finance receivables held for investment | | | 941,465 | | | | 352,181 | | | | | 43,760 | |
Change in restricted cash | | | (103,123 | ) | | | (144,225 | ) | | | | — | |
Purchases of fixed assets | | | (8,545 | ) | | | (3,618 | ) | | | | (1,556 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | | | (1,390,112 | ) | | | (1,081,500 | ) | | | | 117,879 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Cash flows from financing activities | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net change in warehouse credit facilities | | | 287,127 | | | | 456,321 | | | | | — | |
Net change in residual credit facilities | | | 4,000 | | | | 81,000 | | | | | — | |
Net change in due to Ford Motor Credit Company | | | (35,334 | ) | | | (1,808,651 | ) | | | | 263,546 | |
Issuance of securitization notes | | | 1,737,882 | | | | 2,009,168 | | | | | — | |
Payment on securitization notes | | | (800,254 | ) | | | (233,898 | ) | | | | — | |
Issuance of senior notes | | | — | | | | 149,025 | | | | | — | |
Capitalized finance costs | | | (5,644 | ) | | | (26,744 | ) | | | | — | |
Issuance of preferred stock | | | 30,000 | | | | — | | | | | — | |
Issuance of common stock | | | — | | | | 345,000 | | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net cash provided by financing activities | | | 1,217,777 | | | | 971,221 | | | | | 263,546 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | | | 7,483 | | | | 9,661 | | | | | (2,140 | ) |
Cash and cash equivalents | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Beginning of period | | | 45,295 | | | | 23,644 | | | | | 25,784 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
End of period | | $ | 52,778 | | | $ | 33,305 | | | | $ | 23,644 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Non-cash Activity | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Goodwill generated from acquisition of Triad Financial Corporation (Note 1) | | $ | — | | | $ | 30,446 | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Transfer of finance receivables from held for sale to held for investment | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 41,894 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Preferred Stock dividend declared | | $ | 788 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Supplemental Disclosure | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Interest paid | | $ | 139,679 | | | $ | 43,584 | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Income taxes paid | | $ | 56,220 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Organization and Nature of Business
Triad Financial Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated as a California corporation on May 19, 1989. The Company engages primarily in the business of purchasing and servicing automobile retail installment sales contracts (“Contracts”) originated by automobile dealers located throughout the United States. The Company also originates automobile loans directly to consumers. The Company specializes in providing financing to consumers with limited credit histories, modest incomes or those who have experienced prior credit difficulties, generally referred to as “non-prime” borrowers.
From June 1999 through April 29, 2005, the Company was a wholly owned subsidiary of Fairlane Credit, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Credit Company (“Ford Credit”).
On April 29, 2005, a newly formed entity, Triad Holdings Inc. (“Triad Holdings”) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Triad Acquisition Corp., acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of the Company from Fairlane Credit, LLC (the “Acquisition”). As part of the Acquisition, Triad Acquisition Corp. was merged with and into Triad Financial Corporation with the Company being the surviving corporation. Triad Holdings is beneficially owned by Hunter’s Glen/Ford Ltd, affiliates of Goldman, Sachs & Co. and GTCR Golder Rauner, L.L.C.
In accordance with the guidelines for accounting for business combinations, the purchase price paid by Triad Holdings, plus related purchase accounting adjustments, have been recorded in our financial statements for the period subsequent to April 29, 2005. This has resulted in a new basis of accounting reflecting the fair market value of our assets and liabilities for the “successor” period beginning April 30, 2005. Information for all “predecessor” periods prior to the acquisition is presented using our historical basis of accounting.
As of the acquisition date, we recorded our assets and liabilities at their estimated fair values. The purchase price paid by Triad Holdings plus acquisition and closing costs, exceeded the fair value of net assets acquired, resulting in approximately $30.4 million of goodwill.
2. Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries, all of which are Delaware corporations, Triad Financial Special Purpose Corporation, Triad Financial Special Purpose Corporation II, Triad Financial Special Purpose Corporation III, Triad Financial Special Purpose LLC, Triad Financial Residual Special Purpose LLC, and Triad Financial Warehouse Special Purpose LLC (the “Subsidiaries”). Triad Financial Warehouse Special Purpose LLC includes its wholly owned subsidiary, Triad Automobile Receivables Warehouse Trust, a Delaware trust.
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair statement of the results for interim periods. Results for interim periods should not be considered indicative of results for a full year.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
Stock-Based Compensation
Effective July 1, 2005, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment, revised 2004,” prospectively for all awards granted, modified or settled after June 30, 2005. The Company adopted the standard by using the modified prospective method which is one of the
6
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
adoption methods provided for under SFAS 123R. SFAS 123R, which revised SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” requires that the cost resulting from all share-based payment transactions be measured at fair value and recognized in the financial statements. Additionally, on July 1, 2005, the Company adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107, “Share-Based Payment”which the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued in March 2005 to provide its view on the valuation of share-based payment arrangements for public companies.
Cash Equivalents
Investments in highly liquid securities with original maturities of 90 days or less are included in cash and cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Cash pledged to support securitization transactions and warehouse loan facilities is deposited into restricted accounts and recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash.
Finance Receivables
Finance receivables are classified as held for investment and carried at amortized cost, net of an allowance for credit losses, as the Company has the ability and intent to hold these receivables until maturity. Financing income for finance receivables originated and purchased subsequent to the Acquisition is recognized using the interest method based on contractual cash flows. Premiums and discounts and origination costs are deferred and amortized as adjustments to financing income over the estimated life of the related receivables.
In connection with the Acquisition, the carrying value of our finance receivables owned as of the Acquisition (“Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment”) was adjusted to fair market value taking into account future expected credit losses and a required rate of return commensurate with the associated risk. Financing income for Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment is recognized using the level yield method based on expected cash flows. Financing income on Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment includes interest income recognized using the interest method based on contractual cash flows and is net of premium amortization.
The accrual of financing income is suspended on accounts when they are deemed impaired. Accounts are generally deemed impaired when they are 30 days past due. We generally recognize interest income on impaired contracts on a cash basis when received.
Prior to April 30, 2005, finance receivables that we originated were classified as held for sale and recorded at cost including any premiums and net of any non-refundable acquisition fees paid by the seller and deferred origination costs. Thereafter, these held for sale receivables were carried at the lower of cost or market on an aggregate basis with any write-downs to market recorded as a charge to earnings and reflected in other expenses. Market value for these receivables was based on prices for similar receivables in the securitization markets.
Sale of Receivables
All securitization transactions executed by the Company subsequent to April 29, 2005 have been accounted for as secured financings in accordance with GAAP. These transaction structures allow the trust to enter into interest rate derivative contracts with respect to retained interests and also allow the servicer the discretion to sell charged-off finance receivable contracts. No charged-off receivables were sold in 2006 or 2005.
Prior to April 30, 2005, finance receivables were sold in securitization transactions that were accounted for as sales of finance receivables under GAAP. These transaction structures involved the Company surrendering control over these assets by selling finance receivables to off-balance sheet securitization entities. The securitization entities issued interest-bearing securities collateralized by future collections on the sold receivables.
7
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Estimated gains or losses from the sale of finance receivables were recognized in the period in which the sale occurred. In determining the gain or loss on each qualifying sale of finance receivables, the investment in the sold receivables pool was allocated between the portions sold and the portions retained based on their relative fair values at the date of sale. The Company retained certain interests in the sold receivables. These retained interests included subordinated certificates, restricted cash and interest-only strips held for the benefit of securitization entities. These retained interests are classified as securities available for sale and are reported at fair value. If there is a decline in fair value and it is judged to be other than temporary, the individual security is written down to fair value as a new cost basis, and the amount of the write-down is included in earnings. If there is a change in fair value and it is judged to be temporary, the securities are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses recorded, net of tax, as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholder’s equity. In securitization transactions accounted for as a sale of receivables, the Company retains the servicing rights and receives a servicing fee. Since the servicing fee adequately compensates us for retaining the servicing rights, no servicing asset or liability is recorded and the fee is recognized as collected over the remaining term of the related sold finance receivables.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is our estimate of probable incurred credit losses related to impaired held for investment receivables as of the date of the financial statements. This allowance is based on such factors as historical credit loss trends, the credit quality of our present portfolio, trends in historical and projected used vehicle values and general economic measures. Finance receivables are charged to the allowance for credit losses when an account is deemed to be uncollectible. This charge takes into account the estimated value of any collateral. Recoveries on finance receivables previously charged off as uncollectible are credited to the allowance for credit losses.
Charge-offs on Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment are charged against the Company’s probable future expected credit losses established as a component of the asset’s net carrying value.
Charge-Off Policy
Our policy is to charge off owned receivables in the month in which the borrowers become 120 days contractually delinquent if we have not previously repossessed the related vehicle. If a vehicle has been repossessed, and the underlying contract is an owned receivable, we charge off the underlying receivable upon repossession, taking into account the estimated value of our collateral, with a reconciliation upon liquidation. For sold receivables, the debt is charged off upon liquidation of the collateral. The net charge-off represents the difference between the actual net sales proceeds and the amount of the delinquent contract, including accrued interest on our owned receivables. Accrual of finance charge income is suspended on accounts that are more than 30 days contractually delinquent.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In accordance with SFAS No. 133,Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, our interest rate swap agreements outstanding are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value with changes in the value recorded in earnings as a component of other income. Fair value is calculated using current market rates for similar instruments with the same remaining maturities.
Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Fixed assets owned as of the acquisition date were adjusted to fair market value and are being depreciated over their remaining useful lives.
8
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Depreciation is calculated principally on the straight-line method over their remaining useful lives of the assets as follows:
| | | | |
Equipment | | 3-5 years |
Software | | 3-5 years |
Furniture and fixtures | | 5 years |
Depreciation expense totaled $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Depreciation expense was $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, $3.3 million for the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005 and $2.7 million for the period of January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005.
Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and depreciated over the useful lives of the improvements or term of the lease, whichever is less.
Upon sale or retirement, the cost of assets and related accumulated depreciation is eliminated from the respective accounts, and the resulting gain or loss is included in operations. Repairs and maintenance expenses are charged to operations as incurred.
Goodwill
In accordance with SFAS No. 142,Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the Company reviews its goodwill for impairment annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Management evaluates the recoverability of goodwill by comparing the carrying value of the Company’s only reporting unit to its fair value.
Income Taxes
The Corporation accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109,Accounting for Income Taxes, resulting in two components of income tax expense; current and deferred. Current income tax expense approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. In accordance with SFAS No. 5,Accounting for Contingencies,the Company also establishes liabilities related to items in dispute with various tax authorities when the item becomes probable and the cost can be reasonably estimated.
Prior to April 30, 2005, the Company’s operations were included in the consolidated federal tax return and several unitary and/or consolidated state returns of Ford Credit pursuant to an intercompany tax sharing agreement. Under this agreement, United States income tax liabilities or credits were allocated to the Company, generally on a separate return basis. Any separate Company’s state and local tax liabilities were accrued on a stand-alone basis.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based upon amounts that differ from those estimates. The primary estimates inherent within these financial statements include the market value adjustments recorded in connection with purchase accounting, the allowance for credit losses and the fair value of retained interests in securitized assets.
9
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
3. Finance Receivables
Finance receivables at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Finance receivables held for investment | | $ | 2,873,483 | | | $ | 1,174,775 | |
Premiums (discounts) | | | (7,603 | ) | | | (4,701 | ) |
Deferred costs, net | | | 23,794 | | | | 9,584 | |
Allowance for credit losses | | | (150,536 | ) | | | (51,259 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Finance receivables held for investment, net | | | 2,739,138 | | | | 1,128,399 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Predecessor finance receivables held for investment, net | | | 968,214 | | | | 1,468,410 | |
Finance receivables repurchased from gain on sale trusts, net | | | 84,050 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Total finance receivables held for investment, net | | $ | 3,791,402 | | | $ | 2,596,809 | |
| | | | | | |
Prior to April 30, 2005, finance receivables that we originated were classified as held for sale and carried at the lower of cost or market on an aggregate basis with any write-downs to market recorded as a charge to earnings and reflected in other expenses. The amount of write-downs to market value charged to earnings totaled $30.5 million for the period January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005.
The aggregate unpaid principal balances of finance receivables more than 60 days past due were $68.0 million at September 30, 2006 and $44.1 million at December 31, 2005.
The activity in the predecessor finance receivables held for investment for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Contractual | | | Nonaccretable | | | Expected | | | Accretable | | | Carrying | |
| | Payments | | | Discount | | | Payments | | | Discount | | | Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | $ | 2,220,192 | | | $ | (524,710 | ) | | $ | 1,695,482 | | | $ | (227,072 | ) | | $ | 1,468,410 | |
Interest income | | | (154,717 | ) | | | — | | | | (154,717 | ) | | | 111,395 | | | | (43,322 | ) |
Principal collections | | | (456,874 | ) | | | — | | | | (456,874 | ) | | | — | | | | (456,874 | ) |
Charge-offs | | | (55,773 | ) | | | 55,773 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Reclassification to accretable discount | | | — | | | | 34,056 | | | | 34,056 | | | | (34,056 | ) | | | — | |
Change in cash flows | | | (118,215 | ) | | | 141,437 | | | | 23,222 | | | | (23,222 | ) | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2006 | | $ | 1,434,613 | | | $ | (293,444 | ) | | $ | 1,141,169 | | | $ | (172,955 | ) | | $ | 968,214 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Contractual | | | Nonaccretable | | | Expected | | | Accretable | | | Carrying | |
| | Payments | | | Discount | | | Payments | | | Discount | | | Value | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, April 29, 2005 | | $ | 3,163,361 | | | $ | (735,613 | ) | | $ | 2,427,748 | | | $ | (365,383 | ) | | $ | 2,062,365 | |
Interest income | | | (131,579 | ) | | | — | | | | (131,579 | ) | | | 76,759 | | | | (54,820 | ) |
Principal collections | | | (334,736 | ) | | | — | | | | (334,736 | ) | | | — | | | | (334,736 | ) |
Charge-offs | | | (41,572 | ) | | | 41,572 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Change in cash flows | | | (90,114 | ) | | | 90,114 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2005 | | $ | 2,565,360 | | | $ | (603,927 | ) | | $ | 1,961,433 | | | $ | (288,624 | ) | | $ | 1,672,809 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
10
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
4. Allowance For Credit Losses
The changes in the allowance for credit losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Three Months | | | Three Months | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 119,623 | | | $ | 8,231 | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 68,154 | | | | 19,285 | |
Charge-offs | | | (38,509 | ) | | | (294 | ) |
Recoveries | | | 1,268 | | | | 22 | |
| | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 150,536 | | | $ | 27,244 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 51,259 | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 16,081 | |
Provision for credit losses | | | 163,196 | | | | 27,517 | | | | | — | |
Charge-offs | | | (66,382 | ) | | | (295 | ) | | | | (7,465 | ) |
Recoveries | | | 2,463 | | | | 22 | | | | | 6,447 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 150,536 | | | $ | 27,244 | | | | $ | 15,063 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level adequate to cover probable credit losses related to impaired receivables originated subsequent to April 29, 2005 and classified as held for investment as of the date of the financial statements, taking into account the credit quality of the portfolio, historical credit loss trends, trends in projected used car values and general economic factors.
The carrying value of Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment were adjusted to fair market value taking into account future expected credit losses and a required rate of return commensurate with the associated risk.
5. Sales of Receivables
Servicing Portfolio
The Company retains servicing rights for receivables sold in securitization transactions meeting the criteria for sales of receivables. The activity in the servicing portfolio for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Three Months | | | Three Months | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 778,782 | | | $ | 1,559,771 | |
Called receivables | | | (85,373 | ) | | | — | |
Collections and write-offs | | | (117,192 | ) | | | (233,116 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 576,217 | | | $ | 1,326,655 | |
| | | | | | |
11
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | | | | | | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 1,130,352 | | | $ | 1,719,178 | | | | $ | 2,082,102 | |
Called receivables | | | (131,005 | ) | | | — | | | | | — | |
Collections and write-offs | | | (423,130 | ) | | | (392,523 | ) | | | | (362,924 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 576,217 | | | $ | 1,326,655 | | | | $ | 1,719,178 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The aggregate unpaid principal balances of sold finance receivables more than 60 days past due were $17.5 million at September 30, 2006 and $37.2 million at December 31, 2005. Credit losses, net of recoveries, totaled $14.1 million and $42.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006, respectively. Credit losses net of recoveries, totaled $35.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005, $49.0 million for the period January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005 and $53.4 million for the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005.
Retained Interest in Securitized Assets
The components of the retained interest in securitized assets, carried at fair value, at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | 2006 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Restricted cash held for the benefit of securitizations | | $ | 57,751 | | | | $ | 80,298 | |
Overcollaterization | | | 74,908 | | | | | 150,283 | |
Interest-only | | | (17,828 | ) | | | | (13,629 | ) |
| | | | | | | |
Retained interest in securitized assets | | $ | 114,831 | | | | $ | 216,952 | |
| | | | | | | |
The Company’s residual interest in securitization transactions includes the value associated with future cash flows generated from overcollateralization and any excess spread amounts. Overcollateralization receivable represents the difference between securitized receivables outstanding and notes outstanding, including subordinated certificates.
Retained interests in securitized assets are recorded at fair value. The fair value of subordinated certificates is estimated based on market prices for comparable instruments. The fair value of residual interests is determined based on calculating the present value of the projected cash flows to be received using management’s best estimates of key assumptions, including discount rate, prepayment rate and credit losses.
Accrued servicing fees due from the securitization trusts are included in accounts receivable in our consolidated balance sheets. Distributions related to our retained interest in securitized assets are recorded as received. The amount of accounts receivable representing receivables from securitization trusts totaled $8.5 million at September 30, 2006 and $7.5 million at December 31, 2005.
12
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The activity in the retained interest in securitized assets for the periods ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Subordinated | | | Restricted | | | Over- | | | Interest- | | | | |
| | Certificates | | | Cash | | | Collateralization | | | Only | | | Total | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
(Successor, Note 1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2005 | | $ | — | | | $ | 80,298 | | | $ | 150,283 | | | $ | (13,629 | ) | | $ | 216,952 | |
Distributions | | | — | | | | (9,360 | ) | | | (32,121 | ) | | | (10,151 | ) | | | (51,632 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 8,171 | | | | 8,171 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 1,276 | | | | 1,276 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, March 31, 2006 | | $ | — | | | $ | 70,938 | | | $ | 118,162 | | | $ | (14,333 | ) | | $ | 174,767 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | — | | | | — | | | | (17,853 | ) | | | (16,798 | ) | | | (34,651 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,249 | | | | 6,249 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,219 | | | | 12,219 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2006 | | $ | — | | | $ | 70,938 | | | $ | 100,309 | | | $ | (12,663 | ) | | $ | 158,584 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | — | | | | (13,187 | ) | | | (25,401 | ) | | | (9,592 | ) | | | (48,180 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,960 | | | | 5,960 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,533 | ) | | | (1,533 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2006 | | $ | — | | | $ | 57,751 | | | $ | 74,908 | | | $ | (17,828 | ) | | $ | 114,831 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Predecessor, Note 1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, December 31, 2004 | | $ | 26,934 | | | $ | 82,225 | | | $ | 254,445 | | | $ | (8,523 | ) | | $ | 355,081 | |
Distributions | | | (16,849 | ) | | | (1,893 | ) | | | (21,759 | ) | | | (15,570 | ) | | | (56,071 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 16,786 | | | | 16,786 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (369 | ) | | | (369 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (5,160 | ) | | | (5,160 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, March 31, 2005 | | $ | 10,085 | | | $ | 80,332 | | | $ | 232,686 | | | $ | (12,836 | ) | | $ | 310,267 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | (4,978 | ) | | | (34 | ) | | | (6,705 | ) | | | (7,887 | ) | | | (19,604 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 5,260 | | | | 5,260 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (120 | ) | | | (120 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (2,466 | ) | | | (2,466 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, April 29, 2005 | | $ | 5,107 | | | $ | 80,298 | | | $ | 225,981 | | | $ | (18,049 | ) | | $ | 293,337 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(Successor, Note 1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | (4,762 | ) | | | — | | | | (16,842 | ) | | | (1,966 | ) | | | (23,570 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 7,602 | | | | 7,602 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (193 | ) | | | (193 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 357 | | | | 357 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, June 30, 2005 | | $ | 345 | | | $ | 80,298 | | | $ | 209,139 | | | $ | (12,249 | ) | | $ | 277,533 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Distributions | | | (345 | ) | | | — | | | | (31,969 | ) | | | (15,132 | ) | | | (47,446 | ) |
Residual interest income | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 10,579 | | | | 10,579 | |
Impairment charge | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (1,382 | ) | | | (1,382 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) | | | — | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,222 | | | | 3,222 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, September 30, 2005 | | $ | — | | | $ | 80,298 | | | $ | 177,170 | | | $ | (14,962 | ) | | $ | 242,506 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
At September 30, 2006, the key assumptions utilized in determining fair value of our retained interest in securitized assets include a discount rate of 16%, an ABS rate, which represents the average monthly total reduction of principal, of 1.45 to 1.60 and an expected cumulative lifetime loss of 10.4% to 13.2%.
The Company has not presented the expected weighted average life assumption used in determining the gain on sale and in measuring the fair value of retained interest in securitized assets due to the stability of this attribute over time. A significant portion of the Company’s prepayment experience relates to defaults that are considered in the cumulative lifetime loss assumption. The Company’s voluntary prepayment experience on its gain on sale
13
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
receivables portfolio typically has not fluctuated significantly with changes in market interest rates or other economic or market factors.
Securitization and Servicing Income
The activity in income related to the sales of receivables reported for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | |
| | Three Months | | | Three Months | |
| | Ended | | | Ended | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Servicing fee income | | $ | 4,782 | | | $ | 10,134 | |
Impairment charge on retained interest in securitized assets | | | — | | | | (1,382 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income, net | | $ | 4,782 | | | $ | 8,752 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Servicing fee income | | $ | 18,063 | | | $ | 17,357 | | | | $ | 17,087 | |
Impairment charge on retained interest in securitized assets | | | — | | | | (1,575 | ) | | | | (490 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income, net | | $ | 18,063 | | | $ | 15,782 | | | | $ | 16,597 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
6. Revolving Credit Facilities
Amounts outstanding under our warehouse and residual loan facilities at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Warehouse loan facilities | | $ | 1,117,975 | | | $ | 830,848 | |
Residual loan facilities | | | 109,000 | | | | 105,000 | |
| | | | | | |
Total revolving credit facilities | | $ | 1,226,975 | | | $ | 935,848 | |
| | | | | | |
Facility amount advances outstanding and collateral pledged under our warehouse and residual loan facilities at September 30, 2006 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Facility | | | Advances | | | Collateral |
| | Amount | | | Outstanding | | | Pledged |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Warehouse loan facility, due April 2007(a) | | $ | 625,000 | | | | $ | 555,895 | | | | $ | 618,248 | |
Residual loan facility, due April 2007(a) | | | 125,000 | | | | | 54,500 | | | | | 211,929 | |
Warehouse loan facility, due October 2007 | | | 625,000 | | | | | 562,080 | | | | | 624,717 | |
Residual loan facility, due October 2007 | | | 125,000 | | | | | 54,500 | | | | | 211,929 | |
| | |
(a) | | Warehouse and residual loan facilities provided by Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company, an affiliate of one of our equity investors. |
14
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Our warehouse loan facilities each provide for borrowings up to $750.0 million less amounts drawn on each of our corresponding residual facilities. Our residual loan facilities each provide for borrowings up to $125.0 million. Each of our warehouse and residual loan facilities bear interest at a floating rate. At September 30, 2006, the interest rate on our two warehouse loan facilities was 5.83% and the interest rate on our two residual loan facilities was 7.88%.
Under the terms of our revolving credit facilities, the Company transfers eligible collateral, including finance receivables and retained interests in securitized assets, to special purpose finance subsidiaries of the Company. These subsidiaries pledge collateral to secure advances under the facilities, pursuant to advance formulas and available credit. These subsidiaries then forward funds to the Company in consideration for the transfer of eligible collateral. While these subsidiaries are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, these subsidiaries are separate legal entities and the collateral and other assets held by these subsidiaries are legally owned by these subsidiaries and are not available to creditors of the Company or its other subsidiaries.
The Company’s warehouse and residual loan facility agreements also contain various covenants requiring minimum financial ratios, asset quality and portfolio performance ratios, including net loss, delinquency and repossession ratios. Failure to meet any of these covenants could result in an event of default under these agreements. If an event of default occurs under these agreements, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under these agreements to be immediately due and payable, enforce their interest against collateral pledged under these agreements or restrict the Company’s ability to obtain additional borrowings under these agreements. As of September 30, 2006, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under its warehouse and residual loan facility agreements.
Capitalized financing costs with an unamortized balance of $5.8 million at September 30, 2006 are being amortized over the contractual terms of the warehouse and residual loan facilities. Capitalized financing costs include $3.8 million in remaining unamortized fees paid to Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company, an affiliate of one of our equity investors. Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 includes $7.3 million and $14.6 million, respectively, of expense incurred to Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company.
7. Due to Ford Motor Credit Company
Amounts due to Ford Credit at September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Note payable | | $ | 16,989 | | | $ | 52,323 | |
| | | | | | |
The Company’s note payable to Ford Credit is subject to a maximum borrowing amount pursuant to the Loan and Security Agreement based on a percentage of unpaid principal balance of certain acquired receivables securing the note. This agreement also provides that the entire remaining amount payable under the note is immediately due and payable when the unpaid principal balance of these receivables securing the note is less than $15 million. At September 30, 2006, the interest rate on the note payable was 6.00% and the unpaid principal balance of acquired receivables securing the note was $16.9 million.
Prior to April 29, 2005, an agreement with Ford Credit provided the Company with advances to purchase retail installment sale contracts from automobile dealers, to originate installment loans directly with consumers and to support the working capital needs of the Company. This agreement provided the Company with a total facility of $3 billion comprised of both a revolving credit facility and a term loan. Interest on the facility was accrued monthly as provided in the agreement.
Prior to April 29, 2005, the Company also received technical and administrative advice and services from Ford Credit. These payments were expensed as assessed by Ford Credit.
15
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The effect of transactions with Ford Credit included in the Company’s income statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | Successor |
| | Three Months | | Three Months |
| | Ended | | Ended |
| | September 30, | | September 30, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest expense | | $ | 320 | | | $ | 1,381 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | Predecessor |
| | Nine Months | | April 30, 2005 | | | January 1, 2005 |
| | Ended | | Through | | | Through |
| | September 30, | | September 30, | | | April 29, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 | | | 2005 |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Interest expense | | $ | 1,411 | | | $ | 2,913 | | | | $ | 21,440 | |
Gain on interest rate swap agreement | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 5,164 | |
8. Securitization Notes Payable
Securitization notes payable represent debt issued by the Company in securitization transactions accounted for as secured financings. Securitization notes payable outstanding at September 30, 2006 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Original | | | | |
| | Original | | Weighted Average | | Finance | | Current |
| | Note | | Fixed Interest | | Receivables | | Note |
Transaction | | Amount | | Rate | | Pledged | | Balance |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
2005-A, due June 12, 2012(a) | | $ | 1,104,000 | | | | 4.09 | % | | $ | 631,156 | | | $ | 571,458 | |
2005-B, due April 12, 2013(a) | | $ | 905,303 | | | | 4.32 | % | | $ | 566,738 | | | $ | 512,807 | |
2006-A, due April 12, 2013(a) | | $ | 822,500 | | | | 4.88 | % | | $ | 684,077 | | | $ | 615,598 | |
2006-B, due November 12, 2012(a) | | $ | 915,500 | | | | 5.50 | % | | $ | 874,810 | | | $ | 810,033 | |
| | |
(a) | | Maturity date represents final legal maturity of securitization notes payable. Securitization notes payable are expected to be paid based on amortization of the finance receivables pledged to the Trusts. |
Under the terms of our securitization transactions, the Company transfers finance receivables to special purpose finance subsidiaries of the Company. While these subsidiaries are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements, these subsidiaries are separate legal entities and the collateral and other assets held by these subsidiaries are legally owned by these subsidiaries and are not available to creditors of the Company or its other subsidiaries.
Capitalized financing costs with an unamortized balance of $5.2 million at September 30, 2006 are being amortized over the expected term of the securitization transactions. Capitalized financing costs include $1.2 million in remaining unamortized underwriting fees paid to Goldman, Sachs & Co., an affiliate of one of our equity investors.
All of the Company’s securitization transactions are covered by financial guaranty insurance policies, which agreements provide that if certain portfolio performance ratios (delinquency or cumulative net loss triggers) in a Trust’s pool of receivables exceeded certain targets, the specified credit enhancement levels would be increased by increasing the required spread account level.
16
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Agreements with the Company’s guarantee insurance providers contain additional specified targeted portfolio performance ratios. If, at any measurement date, the targeted portfolio performance ratios with respect to any insured Trust were to exceed these additional levels, provisions of the agreements permit the Company’s guaranty insurance providers to terminate the Company’s servicing rights to the receivables sold to that Trust. These financial guaranty insurance policies also contain minimum financial ratio requirements. As of September 30, 2006, the Company was in compliance with its agreements with its guarantee insurance providers.
9. Senior Notes Payable
On April 29, 2005, Triad Acquisition Corp. issued $150.0 million of Senior Notes in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), to certain accredited investors pursuant to Rule 501 under the Securities Act, and to non-U.S. persons in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act. The notes also included a registration rights agreement requiring the Company to file a registration statement under the Securities Act and to consummate an exchange offer after the effective date of the registration statement. The exchange offer was consummated on January 9, 2006. In connection with the Acquisition, Triad Acquisition Corp. was merged with and into Triad Financial Corporation.
The notes have a stated coupon of 11.125% and were issued at a discount to yield 11.25%. The notes mature on May 1, 2013 but can be redeemed, in whole or in part, on or after May 1, 2010, at specified redemption prices, and on or after May 1, 2012, at par value.
Capitalized financing costs with an unamortized balance of $4.8 million at September 30, 2006 are being amortized over the contractual term of the notes. Capitalized financing costs include $3.4 million in remaining unamortized fees paid to Goldman, Sachs & Co., an affiliate of one of our equity investors.
10. Preferred Stock
On June 30, 2006, the Company sold 1,500,000 shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock to Triad Holdings Inc., its parent company, for an aggregate purchase price of $30,000,000 in cash. No underwriting discounts or commissions were paid. The Non-Voting Preferred Stock was issued without registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act based on Triad Holdings Inc.’s investment intent, financial and business matters sophistication and other typical investment representations. These shares are restricted securities and may not be resold unless registered under the Securities Act or exempted from the registration requirements thereof. The shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock are not convertible or exchangeable into the Company’s Common Stock. The shares of Non-Voting Preferred Stock are not redeemable at the option of any holder of Non-Voting Preferred Stock. To the extent declared by the board of directors of the Company, quarterly dividends are payable at an annual rate of 10.5%. Triad Holdings Inc. has pledged its Non-Voting Preferred Stock of Triad Financial Corporation to secure its loan with Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp.
In the third quarter of 2006, the Company declared and settled through an intercompany transaction, a quarterly dividend of $787,500 based on an annual rate of 10.5% to Triad Holdings Inc.
11. Derivative Financial Instruments
At September 30, 2006, the Company had interest rate swap agreements with external third parties with underlying notional amounts of $1,220.6 million. The fair value of these agreements at September 30, 2006 was a net loss of $0.7 million. Other income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 included $8.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively, in losses on our interest rate swap agreements. Other income for the three months ended September 30, 2005 included $3.4 million in gains on our interest rate swap agreements. Other income for the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005 and for the period January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005 included $0.8 and $5.2 million, respectively, in gains on our interest rate swap agreements. Goldman, Sachs & Co., an affiliate of one of our equity investors, was the counterparty to all of the Company’s interest rate swap agreements during the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2006. There were no interest rate swap agreements with external third parties prior to April 30, 2005.
17
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Various legal actions, governmental proceedings and other claims are pending or may be instituted or asserted in the future against the Company and its subsidiaries. As a consumer finance company, the Company is subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things, usury, disclosure inaccuracies, wrongful repossession, violations of bankruptcy stay provisions, certificate of title disputes, fraud, breach of contract and discriminatory treatment of credit applicants. Some litigation against the Company could take the form of class action complaints by consumers. As the assignee of finance contracts originated by dealers, the Company may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies but can include requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages.
Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, the outcome of individual litigated matters is not predictable with assurance and it is reasonably possible that some of the foregoing matters could be decided unfavorably to the Company or the subsidiary involved. Although the amount of liability at September 30, 2006 with respect to these matters cannot be ascertained, the Company believes that any resulting liability should not materially affect the consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Under the management agreement among the Company, Triad Holdings LLC (98.9% owner of Triad Holdings Inc.), Triad Holdings Inc. and Hunter’s Glen/Ford Ltd., Triad LLC and the Company engaged Hunter’s Glen/Ford as a financial and management consultant. During the term of the engagement, Hunter’s Glen/Ford will provide Gerald J. Ford to serve as the chief executive officer of Triad LLC and executive chairman of the Company as specified in the agreement and will provide Carl B. Webb and J. Randy Staff, or similarly qualified individuals, to furnish a portion of the services required by the management agreement. We agreed to pay Hunter’s Glen/Ford a management fee of $1.5 million per annum for the services described above.
The Company’s operations are conducted from leased facilities under noncancellable lease agreements accounted for as operating leases. The Company also leases certain equipment. Rental expense charged to operations totaled $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Rental expense totaled $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 $1.4 million for the period January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005, and $1.8 million for the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005.
Future minimum rental commitments under all noncancellable leases at September 30, 2006 are summarized as follows:
| | | | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) |
Year ending December 31, | | | | |
2006 | | $ | 893 | |
2007 | | $ | 3,572 | |
2008 | | $ | 2,091 | |
2009 | | $ | 1,794 | |
2010 | | $ | 1,794 | |
2011 and thereafter | | $ | 3,440 | |
18
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
13. Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Net income | | $ | 18,958 | | | $ | 7,981 | | | | $ | 38,342 | |
Other comprehensive income, net | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities (net of tax of $4,893, $1,414 and $898) | | | 7,494 | | | | 2,165 | | | | | (1,483 | ) |
Net unrealized holding gains reclassified into earnings (net of tax of $198, and $1,977) | | | (303 | ) | | | — | | | | | (3,267 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total other comprehensive income, net | | | 7,191 | | | | 2,165 | | | | | (4,750 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive income | | $ | 26,149 | | | $ | 10,146 | | | | $ | 33,592 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Balance, beginning of period | | $ | 1,849 | | | $ | 17,867 | | | | $ | 22,617 | |
Purchase accounting adjustments | | | — | | | | (17,867 | ) | | | | — | |
Current period change | | | 7,191 | | | | 2,165 | | | | | (4,750 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Balance, end of period | | $ | 9,040 | | | $ | 2,165 | | | | $ | 17,867 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
14. Stock-Based Compensation
Following the closing of the Acquisition, Triad Holdings adopted a stock plan under which employees, officers, directors and consultants of the Company could be granted options to purchase shares of Triad Holdings’ common stock. The maximum number of shares available for grant is equal to approximately 8% of the fully diluted shares of Triad Holdings. The stock options vest annually, generally at the rate of 20% per year, provided the grantees continue to provide services to the Company. All options not exercised expire ten years after the date of grant.
Because the Company is considered to be nonpublic under SFAS 123R, the Company elected to use the formula value (book value) method to calculate compensation expense, in which the Company remeasures its liability each period. The awards are liability-classified based on a repurchase feature of the option agreements. The Company has elected to use a straight-line vesting attribution method for awards granted upon its adoption of SFAS 123R.
The Company’s compensation expense for stock-based employee compensation was $0.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006. This expense is the result of the vesting of previously granted stock awards. No stock options were granted during the three months ended September 30, 2006.
19
Triad Financial Corporation
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
A summary of stock option activity under the Company’s stock option plan is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | Weighted | |
| | | | | | Average | |
| | | | | | Exercise | |
| | Shares | | | Price | |
| | (Amounts in thousands except | |
| | weighted-average | |
| | exercise price) | |
Outstanding at July 1, 2005 | | | — | | | | — | |
Granted | | | 2,000 | | | $ | 7.50 | |
Exercised | | | — | | | | — | |
Canceled/forfeited | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | | | 2,000 | | | $ | 7.50 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Granted | | | 1,000 | | | $ | 7.73 | |
Exercised | | | — | | | | — | |
Canceled/forfeited | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Outstanding at September 30, 2006 | | | 3,000 | | | $ | 7.58 | |
| | | | | | |
Exercisable at September 30, 2006 | | | 1,000 | | | $ | 7.55 | |
| | | | | | |
Weighted average remaining contractual life in years | | | | | | | 9.07 | |
| | | | | | | |
15. Subsequent Event
On October 18, 2006 we completed an auto receivables securitization transaction, 2006-C. In this transaction we securitized approximately $1,174.4 million of auto receivables, issuing $1,092.2 million of class A notes. The proceeds from the transaction were primarily used to repay outstanding borrowings under our warehouse facilities.
20
ITEM 2.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of Triad Financial Corporation’s (the “Company’s”) historical consolidated financial statements covers periods before the consummation of the Acquisition. From June 1999 through April 29, 2005, the Company was a wholly owned subsidiary of Fairlane Credit, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Credit Company (“Ford Credit”). On April 29, 2005, a newly formed entity, Triad Holdings Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, Triad Acquisition Corp., acquired all of the outstanding capital stock of the Company from Fairlane Credit, LLC (the “Acquisition”). As part of the Acquisition, Triad Acquisition Corp. was merged with and into Triad Financial Corporation with the Company being the surviving corporation.
In accordance with the guidelines for accounting for business combinations, the purchase price paid by Triad Holdings Inc. plus related purchase accounting adjustments have been pushed-down and recorded in our financial statements for the period subsequent to April 29, 2005. This has resulted in a new basis of accounting reflecting the fair market value of our assets and liabilities for the “successor” period beginning April 30, 2005. Information for all “predecessor” periods prior to the Acquisition is presented using our historical basis of accounting. The following discussion and analysis of results of operations contains information on items impacting the comparability of the predecessor and successor periods.
The statements in the discussion and analysis regarding our expectations regarding the performance of our business, our liquidity and capital resources and other non-historical statements are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any of these forward-looking statements.
General
Historically, we have generated earnings and cash flow primarily from the purchase, origination, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of automobile installment contracts. We purchase auto finance contracts from franchised and select independent automobile dealerships and originate auto loans directly to consumers. As used in this document, “contracts” include retail installment contracts originated by dealers and purchased by us and note and security agreements evidencing loans made directly by us to consumers. To fund the purchase and origination of receivables, we rely upon lines of credit and warehouse and residual credit facilities. Prior to the Acquisition, we relied upon lines of credit, including advances from Ford Credit since we were acquired by a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company in June 1999. During the period from June 1999 through July 2002, we did not securitize any auto receivables and held all auto receivables in our portfolio. Since August 2002, we completed ten securitizations of auto receivables. Prior to our May 25, 2005 securitization transaction, all of our securitizations were accounted for as sales in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
We periodically sell receivables to securitization trusts, or “Trusts,” that, in turn, sell asset-backed securities to investors. For all securitizations accounted for as sales, we recognized a gain upon the sale of receivables to the Trusts, which represents the difference between the sale proceeds to us, net of transaction costs, and our net carrying value of the receivables, plus the present value of the estimated future excess cash flows to be received by us over the life of the securitization. Excess cash flows result from the difference between the interest received from the obligors on the receivables and the interest paid to investors in the asset-backed securities, net of credit losses and expenses. Excess cash flows from the Trusts are initially utilized to fund credit enhancement requirements in order to attain specific credit ratings for the asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts. Once predetermined credit enhancement requirements are reached and maintained, excess cash flows are distributed to us. In addition to excess cash flows, we earn monthly base servicing fee income of 2.25% per annum on the outstanding principal balance of receivables securitized, or “sold receivables,” and collect other fees such as late charges and extension fees as servicer for those Trusts.
Beginning with our May 2005 securitization, we made a decision to alter the structure of our securitization transactions to no longer meet the criteria for sales of auto receivables, but instead to meet the criteria for on-balance sheet reporting. Accordingly, following a securitization accounted for as a secured financing, the receivables and the related securitization indebtedness will remain on our balance sheet. We recognize finance revenue and fee income
21
on the receivables and interest expense on the securities issued in the securitization and record a provision for credit losses over the life of the securitization. The principal changes to our securitization structures that result in the differing accounting treatment include the right of the trust to enter into interest rate derivative contracts with respect to retained interests and also allows the servicer to sell charged-off finance receivable contracts. Provisions such as these preclude the use of sale treatment in accordance with SFAS No. 140,Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities.
This change significantly impacts our results of operations compared to our historical results. In particular, as a result of this change, our provision for credit losses and our net interest margin will increase significantly, with our provision for credit losses increasing initially at a greater rate than our net interest margin because we will generally begin recording a provision for credit losses upon the purchase of each contract. Additionally, we do not earn a monthly servicing fee on securitizations accounted for as secured financings. As a result, our securitization income and net income will initially decrease, with no change to our cash flows, as a result of this accounting change. Accordingly, our historical results and management’s discussion of such results may not be indicative of our future results. This new structure will allow our reported earnings to be more closely aligned with cash flow distributions from securitization trusts than our previous structure. Additionally, this new structure will provide greater visibility in our financial statements of future finance charge income and net margins related to our managed receivables portfolio.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates
Critical accounting policies and use of estimates are fully described in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations” contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and there have been no material changes noted.
Effects of the Transactions
From June 1999 and until the Acquisition, we funded our purchases of contracts, on an interim basis, with funds received from Ford Credit pursuant to an agreement providing for up to $3.0 billion of advances. For long-term financing, we have issued asset-backed securities. Since August 2002, we have sold or securitized over $9.3 billion of contracts in one private and nine public offerings of asset-backed securities. Upon consummation of the Acquisition, we replaced the financing received from Ford Credit with two new warehouse facilities and two new residual facilities that collectively provide us with ongoing availability to borrow up to $1,500.0 million in the aggregate, subject to borrowing base limitations and renewal. Prior to the closing of the Acquisition, we completely replaced the treasury and cash management functions previously provided by Ford Credit. In addition, our tax compliance and internal audit functions were replaced after the closing of the Acquisition.
Components of Revenues and Expenses
Most of our revenues are generated from the purchase, origination, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of our automobile installment contracts. Our revenues include financing revenue, income related to sales of receivables and other income. We earn financing revenue from contracts we purchase and originate. Our income related to sale of receivables includes: (1) the gain-on-sales of receivables sold to Trusts in securitization transactions, (2) the base servicing fee income we receive from the Trusts for servicing the receivables in those Trusts, (3) the supplemental servicing fee income we receive from servicing the receivables in those Trusts, (4) residual interest income on the retained interest in securitized assets we retain from securitization transactions accounted for as sales, and (5) interest income received with respect to notes we retain from securitization transactions accounted for as sales. Our other income includes fees we collect on receivables, such as late charges, extension fees, proceeds from sales of gap insurance, extended service contracts, referral fees received from other lenders and payment convenience fees.
Our costs and expenses consist of interest expense, operating expenses, provision for credit losses, other expenses and provision for income taxes. Our interest expense is the amount of interest and fees we pay on borrowings used to finance our purchase and origination of receivables and working capital needs. Our operating expenses represent costs associated with operating our dealer and direct channels and servicing our receivables, including rent and occupancy expense, compensation expense and servicing costs. Our provision for credit losses
22
represents the charge necessary to maintain our allowance for credit losses at a level considered adequate to cover probable credit losses on receivables that are held for investment. Other expenses represent any write-downs to market on our held for sale receivables.
Results of Operations
Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 as Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2005
Our net income was $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $4.2 million for 2005. The decrease in net income was primarily due to higher provision for credit losses and losses on our interest rate swap agreements partially offset by higher net interest margin.
Net Interest Margin
Our revenues are primarily generated from the purchase, origination, retention, subsequent securitization and servicing of auto receivables. Our average owned finance receivables outstanding are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Average owned finance receivables, carrying value | | $ | 3,790,230 | | | $ | 2,330,146 | |
| | | | | | |
Average owned finance receivables increased by 62.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase was attributable to a change in how we account for securitization transactions combined with an increase in new loan originations. Beginning with our May 2005 securitization transaction, we made a decision to alter the structure of our securitization transactions to no longer meet the criteria for sales of auto receivables, but instead to meet the criteria for on-balance sheet reporting. Additionally, we purchased and originated $623.6 million of auto contracts for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $489.0 million during same period last year. This increase was due to a higher level of originations in our dealer channel resulting from increased efforts to sign up new dealers combined with the introduction of our third generation scorecards in December 2005. The scorecards were created based on our consumer demographic and portfolio performance databases and further enhance the categorization of credit applicants by credit risk.
The average new contract size was $18,639 for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $18,149 for 2005. The average annual percentage rate on contracts purchased and originated was 17.1% and 16.2% during the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Net interest margin on our owned finance receivables is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Financing income | | $ | 153,252 | | | $ | 67,233 | |
Other interest income | | | 8,759 | | | | 11,411 | |
Interest expense | | | (55,482 | ) | | | (31,801 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | $ | 106,529 | | | $ | 46,843 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized financing income as a percentage of average owned finance receivables | | | 16.2 | % | | | 11.5 | % |
| | | | | | |
The 127.4% increase in net interest margin for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was due to an increase in financing income partially offset by an increase in interest expense combined with a decrease in other interest income. Net interest margin was reduced by $10.0 million and $31.7 million of net premium amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to our Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment and our receivables repurchased from gain on sale trusts.
23
The increase in financing income was due to both an increase in our average owned receivables and an increase in our average yield on receivables. The increase in our average yield on receivables to 16.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 from 11.5% in 2005 was primarily due to an increase in pricing combined with lower net premium amortization. Effective April 30, 2005, we adjusted Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment to fair market value taking into account future expected credit losses and a required rate of return commensurate with the associated risk in connection with the purchase transaction. Financing income was reduced by $10.0 million and $31.7 million of premium amortization for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to these receivables. Excluding the premium amortization, the average yield on receivables for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 would be 17.2% and 17.0%, respectively.
During the second and third quarters of 2006, expected cash flows from Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment were reevaluated and determined to be greater than originally expected. This resulted in a higher yield being recognized on these receivables during the second and third quarters of 2006 which is expected to continue in future periods.
Other interest income decreased to $8.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $11.4 million for 2005. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in residual interest income caused by lower retained interest in securitized asset balances partially offset by an increase in interest income received on restricted cash accounts.
The increase in interest expense was due to both a higher cost of funds and higher average debt levels. Our effective cost of funds increased to 5.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to 5.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2005, due to higher interest rates. Average debt outstanding was $3,772.2 million and $2,455.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Provision for Credit Losses
Our provision for credit losses was $68.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $19.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Our provision for credit losses increased significantly as a result of the increase in size of the portfolio as well as an increase in the average age, or seasoning, of the portfolio and higher charge-offs. Our finance receivables are classified as held for investment with an allowance for credit losses maintained at a level adequate to cover probable losses related to impaired receivables originated subsequent to April 29, 2005.
Securitization and Servicing Income
Securitization and servicing income is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Servicing fee income | | $ | 4,782 | | | $ | 10,134 | |
Impairment charge on retained interest | | | — | | | | (1,382 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income | | $ | 4,782 | | | $ | 8,752 | |
| | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income decreased to $4.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $8.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. Securitization and servicing income represents servicing fees and late fees collected on sold receivables and is partially offset by impairment charges on our retained interest. The decrease in securitization and servicing income for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was primarily related to a decrease in servicing fee income caused by lower average sold receivable balances. There were no impairment charges on our retained interest in securitized assets during the three months ended September 30, 2006.
24
Other Income (Loss)
Other income (loss) is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Customer fees | | $ | 5,207 | | | $ | 3,580 | |
Gains (losses) on interest rate swap agreements | | | (8,092 | ) | | | 3,366 | |
Other | | | (372 | ) | | | 477 | |
| | | | | | |
Other income (loss) | | $ | (3,257 | ) | | $ | 7,423 | |
| | | | | | |
Our other income (loss) includes customer fees we collect on owned finance receivables, such as late charges and extension fees, proceeds from sales of gap insurance, extended service contracts and payment convenience fees, and gains and losses on our interest rate swap agreements. Excluding gains (losses) on interest rate swap agreements, the increase in other income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was primarily due to higher customer fees attributable to higher owned receivable balances. Our interest rate swap agreements are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value with changes in the value recorded in earnings as a component of other income.
Expenses
Operating expenses were $35.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $36.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2005. The $0.9 million decrease in operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was due to the 2005 period including $4.4 million in expenses recorded related to consolidating certain functions, including collections, at our Texas facility combined with $1.6 million in severance expense associated with the step-down of our former chief executive officer and $1.5 million in legal settlements expense. This was mostly offset by the 2006 period including higher costs associated with increased loan application volume combined with increased servicing costs related to portfolio growth and maintaining lower account-to-collector ratios, higher compensation expense, higher outside contractor fees and higher data processing expenses. Annualized operating expenses as a percentage of average total managed receivables decreased to 3.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 3.9% for the same period last year.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to $2.7 million in 2005. Our effective income tax rate was 39.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 39.8% for 2005.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 as Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2005
Our net income was $19.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $46.3 million for 2005. The decrease in net income was primarily due to higher provision for credit losses and lower other revenues and partially offset by higher net interest margin and lower expenses.
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Net Interest Margin
Our average owned finance receivables outstanding are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Held for sale | | $ | N/A | | | $ | 583,760 | |
Held for investment | | | 3,340,870 | | | | 1,530,289 | |
| | | | | | |
Average owned finance receivables, carrying value | | $ | 3,340,870 | | | $ | 2,114,049 | |
| | | | | | |
Average owned finance receivables increased by 58.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005. This increase was attributable to a change in how we account for securitization transactions combined with an increase in new loan originations. Beginning with our May 2005 securitization transaction, we made a decision to alter the structure of our securitization transactions to no longer meet the criteria for sales of auto receivables, but instead to meet the criteria for on-balance sheet reporting. Additionally, we purchased and originated $2,211.8 million of auto contracts during the first nine months of 2006, compared to $1,419.4 million during same period last year. This increase was primarily due to a higher level of originations in our dealer channel.
The average new contract size was $18,643 for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $18,017 for 2005. The average annual percentage rate on contracts purchased and originated was 17.2% and 16.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Net interest margin on our owned finance receivables is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Financing income | | $ | 384,054 | | | $ | 209,496 | |
Other interest income | | | 27,199 | | | | 41,967 | |
Interest expense | | | (144,259 | ) | | | (72,141 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | $ | 266,994 | | | $ | 179,322 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized financing income as a percentage of average owned finance receivables | | | 15.3 | % | | | 13.2 | % |
| | | | | | |
The 48.9% increase in net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was due to an increase in financing income partially offset by an increase in interest expense combined with a decrease in other interest income. Net interest margin was reduced by $45.4 million and $54.8 million of net premium amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to our Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment and our receivables repurchased from gain on sale trusts.
The increase in financing income was due to both an increase in our average owned receivables and an increase in our average yield on receivables. The increase in our average yield on receivables to 15.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 from 13.2% in 2005 was primarily due to an increase in pricing combined with lower net premium amortization. Effective April 30, 2005, we adjusted Predecessor Finance Receivables Held For Investment to fair market value taking into account future expected credit losses and a required rate of return commensurate with the associated risk in connection with the purchase transaction. Financing income was reduced by $45.4 million and $54.8 million of premium amortization for the first nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively, related to these receivables. Excluding the premium amortization, the average yield on receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005 would be 17.1% and 16.7%, respectively.
Other interest income decreased to $27.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $42.0 million for 2005. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in residual interest income and interest received from retained notes caused by lower retained interest in securitized asset balances partially offset by an increase in interest income received on restricted cash accounts.
26
The increase in interest expense was due to both a higher cost of funds and higher average debt levels. Our effective cost of funds increased to 5.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to 4.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2005, due to both higher interest rates and higher-cost forms of borrowing, including our warehouse and residual loan facilities, securitization notes payable and senior notes payable. Average debt outstanding was $3,425.8 million and $2,158.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Provision for Credit Losses
Our provision for credit losses was $163.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 compared to $27.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Our provision for credit losses increased significantly as a result of the change in accounting for our securitization transactions from sales of receivables to secured financings as we generally begin recording a provision for credit losses upon the origination and purchase of each contract. As a result of this change, our finance receivables are classified as held for investment with an allowance for credit losses maintained at a level adequate to cover probable losses related to impaired receivables originated subsequent to April 29, 2005. Our provision for credit losses also increased as a result of the increase in size of the portfolio as well as an increase in the average age, or seasoning, of the portfolio and higher charge-offs.
Securitization and Servicing Income
Securitization and servicing income is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Servicing fee income | | $ | 18,063 | | | | 34,444 | |
Impairment charge on retained interest | | | — | | | | (2,065 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income | | $ | 18,063 | | | $ | 32,379 | |
| | | | | | |
Securitization and servicing income decreased to $18.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $32.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Securitization and servicing income represents servicing fees and late fees collected on sold receivables and is partially offset by impairment charges on our retained interest. The decrease in securitization and servicing income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was primarily related to a decrease in servicing fee income caused by lower average sold receivable balances. There were no impairment charges on our retained interest in securitized assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
Other Income
Other income is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Customer fees | | $ | 14,978 | | | $ | 9,641 | |
Gains (losses) on interest rate swap agreements | | | (2,528 | ) | | | 5,991 | |
Other | | | 591 | | | | 1,176 | |
| | | | | | |
Other income | | $ | 13,041 | | | $ | 16,808 | |
| | | | | | |
Our other income includes customer fees we collect on owned finance receivables, such as late charges and extension fees, proceeds from sales of gap insurance, extended service contracts and payment convenience fees, and
27
gains and losses on our interest rate swap agreements. Excluding gains (losses) on interest rate swap agreements, the slight increase in other income for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was primarily due to higher customer fees attributable to higher owned receivable balances. Our interest rate swap agreements are recognized on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value with changes in the value recorded in earnings as a component of other income.
Expenses
Operating expenses were $103.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, compared to $95.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. The $8.1 million increase in operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 2005 was due to a $2.0 million charge related to the sale of extended service contracts combined with higher costs associated with increased loan application volume, increased servicing costs related to portfolio growth and maintaining lower account-to-collector ratios, higher compensation expense, higher outside contractor fees and higher data processing expenses. This was partially offset by operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 including $4.4 million in expenses recorded related to consolidating certain functions, including collections, at our Texas facility combined with $1.6 million in severance expense associated with the step-down of our former chief executive officer and $1.5 million in legal settlements expense. Additionally, operating expenses for the first nine months of 2005 included $2.8 million in repossession and remarketing expenses incurred during the period January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005, that are no longer classified as operating expenses. Subsequent to April 29, 2005, these repossession and remarketing expenses on our owned finance receivables are no longer classified as operating expenses, but rather as a component of credit losses on charged-off receivable balances. Annualized operating expenses as a percentage of average total managed receivables decreased to 3.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 3.4% for the same period last year.
Other expenses were $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2005. Prior to April 30, 2005, other expenses represented write-downs to market value on loans that no longer met our securitization and sale criteria and that were subsequently transferred from our held for sale portfolio to our held for investment portfolio. In connection with our April 29, 2005 acquisition, all finance receivables were classified as held for investment as we have the ability and intent to hold these receivables until maturity.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, as compared to $28.5 million in 2005. Our effective income tax rate was 39.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 39.7% for the period April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005. Prior to April 30, 2005, our effective income tax rate was 37.7% and was based on our intercompany tax sharing agreement with Ford Credit. The rate differential was due to an increase in the state tax rate as a result of the Acquisition.
Other Comprehensive Income
The changes in unrealized gains (losses) on retained interest in securitized assets are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Successor | | | | Predecessor | |
| | Nine Months | | | April 30, 2005 | | | | January 1, 2005 | |
| | Ended | | | Through | | | | Through | |
| | September 30, | | | September 30, | | | | April 29, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities | | $ | 12,387 | | | $ | 3,579 | | | | $ | (2,381 | ) |
Net unrealized holding gains reclassified into earnings | | | (501 | ) | | | — | | | | | (5,244 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 11,886 | | | $ | 3,579 | | | | $ | (7,625 | ) |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The unrealized holding gains (losses) of $12.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006, $3.6 million for the period of April 30, 2005 through September 30, 2005 and ($2.4) million for the period of January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005 were the result of timing differences associated with cash flow distributions from the
28
gain on sale trusts. Net unrealized gains of $0.5 million and $5.2 million were reclassified into earnings during the first nine months of 2006 and for the period of January 1, 2005 through April 29, 2005, respectively, representing the recognition of previously deferred gains on our retained interests.
Credit Quality
We provide financing in relatively high-risk markets, and, therefore, anticipate a corresponding higher level of delinquencies and charge-offs.
Provisions for credit losses are charged to operations in amounts sufficient to maintain the allowance for credit losses on the balance sheet at a level considered adequate to cover our probable incurred credit losses related to impaired held for investment receivables as of the date of the balance sheet. Receivables held for investment are charged-off to the allowance for credit losses at the earlier of repossession of the collateral or when the account is otherwise deemed uncollectable. Predecessor finance receivables held for investment were adjusted to fair market value in connection with the purchase transaction taking into account future expected credit losses and a required rate of return commensurate with the associated risk.
The following table presents certain data related to our owned finance receivables:
| | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, | | | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Finance receivables held for investment | | $ | 2,873,483 | | | $ | 1,174,775 | |
Allowance for credit losses | | | (150,536 | ) | | | (51,259 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Finance receivables held for investment, net of allowance | | | 2,722,947 | | | | 1,123,516 | |
| | | | | | |
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of receivables | | | 5.2 | % | | | 4.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Predecessor finance receivables held for investment, net | | | 968,214 | | | | 1,468,410 | |
Finance receivables repurchased from gain on sale trusts, net | | | 84,050 | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Total owned finance receivables held for investment, net | | $ | 3,775,211 | | | $ | 2,591,926 | |
| | | | | | |
The increase in the allowance for credit losses as a percentage of receivables at September 30, 2006 as compared to December 31, 2005 was due to the continued aging of our owned finance receivables held for investment.
Finance receivables that are (1) more than 30 days delinquent, but not yet in repossession, and (2) in repossession are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, | | | At December 31, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Delinquent contracts: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
31 to 60 days | | $ | 222,910 | | | | 5.6 | % | | $ | 155,009 | | | | 5.7 | % |
Greater than 60 days | | | 67,973 | | | | 1.7 | | | | 44,079 | | | | 1.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 290,883 | | | | 7.3 | | | | 199,088 | | | | 7.3 | |
In repossession | | | 17,830 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 8,158 | | | | 0.3 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 308,713 | | | | 7.7 | % | | $ | 207,246 | | | | 7.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Delinquencies in our receivables portfolio may vary from period to period based upon credit quality, the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year and economic factors. Due to our target customer base, a relatively high percentage of accounts become delinquent at some point in the life of a contract and there is a fairly high rate of account movement between current and delinquent status in the portfolio. Total delinquencies, including repossessions, were slightly higher at September 30, 2006 as compared to December 31, 2005, due to an increase in the average age, or seasoning, of our owned portfolio.
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We at times offer payment extensions, in accordance with our policies and guidelines, to consumers to assist them when temporary financial difficulties interfere with their ability to make scheduled payments. Our policies and guidelines, as well as certain contractual restrictions in our securitization transactions, limit the number and frequency of extensions that may be granted. An account for which all delinquent payments are extended is classified as current at the time the extension is granted resulting in lower delinquencies. Thereafter, such account’s delinquency status is determined in the same manner as any other account.
We evaluate the results of our extension strategies based upon the portfolio performance on accounts that have been extended versus accounts that have not been extended over the same period of time. We believe that payment extensions granted according to our policies and guidelines are an effective portfolio management technique and result in higher ultimate cash collections from the portfolio.
Payment extensions as a percentage of owned finance receivables outstanding are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, | | At December 31, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 |
| | Percent | | Percent |
Never extended | | | 90.0 | % | | | 89.1 | % |
Extended: | | | | | | | | |
1-2 times | | | 9.8 | % | | | 10.6 | % |
3-4 times | | | 0.2 | % | | | 0.3 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total extended | | | 10.0 | % | | | 10.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Payment extensions as a percentage of total owned finance receivables decreased to 10.0% at September 30, 2006 compared with 10.9% at December 31, 2005, mainly driven by a decrease in 1-2 times payment extensions which decreased to 9.8% at September 30, 2006 as compared to 10.6% at December 31, 2005.
Payment extensions do not have a direct impact on the amount of our finance receivables charged-off and the corresponding credit quality ratios. Payment extensions may, however, impact the timing of these charge-offs in the event a previously extended account is ultimately charged-off. Additionally, the impact of payment extensions is considered in determining the allowance for credit losses and the resulting provision for credit losses.
Charge-off data with respect to our average owned finance receivables is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 82,225 | | | $ | 39,924 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (44,777 | ) | | | (21,872 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 24,018 | | | | 12,718 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 61,466 | | | $ | 30,770 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average total owned receivables outstanding | | | 6.5 | % | | | 5.3 | % |
Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs | | | 42.1 | % | | | 41.5 | % |
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| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 182,645 | | | $ | 94,839 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (110,686 | ) | | | (62,451 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 51,417 | | | | 28,730 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 123,376 | | | $ | 61,118 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average total owned receivables outstanding | | | 4.9 | % | | | 3.9 | % |
Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs | | | 47.3 | % | | | 50.5 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Mandatory charge-offs represent accounts charged-off in full with no recovery amounts realized at time of charge-off. |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of our average owned finance receivables outstanding may vary from period to period based upon the credit quality of the portfolio, average age of the portfolio and economic factors. The increase in annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average owned finance receivables to 6.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 5.3% for 2005 was primarily due to higher charge-offs partially offset by higher recoveries. The increase in charge-offs was primarily due to an increase in the average age, or seasoning, of our portfolio. The increase in recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs was primarily due to increases in recovery rates from auction sales.
The increase in annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average owned finance receivables to 4.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 3.9% for 2005 was primarily due to higher charge-offs combined with lower recoveries. The increase in charge-offs was due to an increase in the average age, or seasoning, of our portfolio combined with the inclusion of repossession and remarketing expenses as a component of credit losses. Subsequent to April 29, 2005, repossession and remarketing expenses on our owned finance receivables are no longer classified as operating expenses, but rather a component of credit losses on charged-off receivable balances. The decrease in recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs were primarily attributable to the inclusion of repossession and remarketing expenses as a component of credit losses beginning April 30, 2005, partially offset by increases in recovery rate from auction sales.
Total Managed Information
We evaluate the profitability of our lending activities based partly upon our total managed auto finance receivables portfolio, including both owned finance receivables and sold finance receivables. We have historically securitized our receivables in transactions that met the criteria for a sale of such receivables. The net margin and credit quality information presented below on a total managed basis assumes that securitized and sold receivables had not been sold and are still on our consolidated balance sheet. Accordingly, no gain on sale or servicing fee income would have been recognized. Instead, finance charge and fee income would be recognized over the life of the securitized receivables as accrued, and interest expense and other costs related to the asset-backed securities would be recognized as incurred.
We use this information to analyze trends in the components of the profitability of our total managed receivables portfolio. Analysis of this data on a total managed basis helps us to determine which origination channels and finance products are most profitable, guide us in making pricing decisions for finance products and indicates if sufficient spreads exist between our revenues and cost of funds to cover operating expenses and achieve corporate profitability objectives. Additionally, total managed information facilitates comparisons of our results with other finance companies that do not securitize their receivables or other finance companies that securitize their receivables in securitization transactions that do not meet the criteria for sales of receivables. Total managed information is not a measurement of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to any other measures of performance determined under GAAP.
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Beginning with our May 2005 securitization transaction, we made a decision to alter the structure of our securitization transactions to no longer meet the criteria for sales of auto receivables, but instead to meet the criteria for on-balance sheet reporting. Accordingly, following a securitization accounted for as a secured financing, the receivables and the related securitization indebtedness will remain on our balance sheet. Additionally, we will recognize finance revenue and fee income on the receivables and interest expense on the securities issued in the securitization and record a provision for credit losses over the life of the securitization. As a result of this change, our provision for credit losses and our net margin will increase significantly, with our provision for credit losses increasing initially at a greater rate than our net margin because we will generally begin recording a provision for credit losses upon the purchase of each contract. In addition, our securitization income and net income will initially decrease, with no change to our cash flows, as a result of this accounting change.
Our average total managed finance receivables outstanding are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Average owned finance receivables, carrying value | | $ | 3,790,230 | | | $ | 2,330,146 | |
Average sold finance receivables | | | 674,910 | | | | 1,441,029 | |
| | | | | | |
Average total managed finance receivables | | $ | 4,465,140 | | | $ | 3,771,175 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Average owned finance receivables, carrying value | | $ | 3,340,870 | | | $ | 2,114,049 | |
Average sold finance receivables | | | 844,274 | | | | 1,688,737 | |
| | | | | | |
Average total managed finance receivables | | $ | 4,185,144 | | | $ | 3,802,786 | |
| | | | | | |
Total Managed Net Interest Margin
Net interest margin for our total managed receivables portfolio are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Financing and other interest income | | $ | 195,984 | | | $ | 165,197 | |
Interest expense | | | (69,100 | ) | | | (38,910 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | $ | 126,884 | | | $ | 126,287 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Financing and other interest income | | $ | 551,528 | | | $ | 486,685 | |
Interest expense | | | (167,006 | ) | | | (99,709 | ) |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin | | $ | 384,522 | | | $ | 386,976 | |
| | | | | | |
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Reconciliation of net interest margin as reflected in our consolidated statements of income to total managed net interest margin is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Net margin as reflected on the consolidated statements of income | | $ | 106,529 | | | $ | 46,843 | |
Other interest income | | | (8,759 | ) | | | (11,411 | ) |
Financing revenue on sold receivables | | | 27,945 | | | | 62,225 | |
Interest expense on sold receivables | | | (5,526 | ) | | | (10,475 | ) |
Gain (losses) on interest rate swaps | | | (8,092 | ) | | | 3,366 | |
Premium amortization | | | 9,952 | | | | 31,682 | |
Other income | | | 4,835 | | | | 4,057 | |
| | | | | | |
Total managed net interest margin | | $ | 126,884 | | | $ | 126,287 | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Net margin as reflected on the consolidated statements of income | | $ | 266,994 | | | $ | 179,322 | |
Other interest income | | | (27,199 | ) | | | (41,967 | ) |
Financing revenue on sold receivables | | | 106,536 | | | | 211,575 | |
Interest expense on sold receivables | | | (20,219 | ) | | | (33,582 | ) |
Gain (losses) on interest rate swaps | | | (2,528 | ) | | | 6,014 | |
Premium amortization | | | 45,369 | | | | 54,820 | |
Other income | | | 15,569 | | | | 10,794 | |
| | | | | | |
Total managed net interest margin | | $ | 384,522 | | | $ | 386,976 | |
| | | | | | |
Net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended |
| | September 30, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 |
| | (Dollars in Thousands) |
Annualized finance revenue, fee and other income | | | 17.6 | % | | | 17.5 | % |
Annualized interest expense | | | (6.2 | ) | | | (4.1 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables | | | 11.4 | % | | | 13.4 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended |
| | September 30, |
| | 2006 | | 2005 |
| | (Dollars in Thousands) |
Annualized finance revenue, fee and other income | | | 17.6 | % | | | 17.1 | % |
Annualized interest expense | | | (5.3 | ) | | | (3.5 | ) |
| | | | | | | | |
Annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables | | | 12.3 | % | | | 13.6 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
Annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables decreased to 11.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 13.4% for the same period last year. This decrease was mainly due to higher interest expense as a result of higher interest rates and the impact of gain (losses) on interest rate swaps. Excluding gain (losses) on interest rate swaps, annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables would have been 12.1% and 13.0%, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.
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Annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables decreased to 12.3.% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 13.6% for the same period last year. This decrease was mainly due to higher interest expense. The increase in interest expense was due to higher interest rates, the impact of gain (losses) on interest rate swaps, and higher cost forms of borrowing. Excluding gain (losses) on interest rate swaps, annualized net interest margin as a percentage of average total managed receivables would have been 12.3% and 13.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005.
Total Managed Credit Quality
We have periodically sold receivables in securitization transactions to Trusts and retained an interest in the receivables sold in the form of retained interest in securitized assets. Retained interests in securitized assets are reflected on our balance sheet at fair value, calculated based upon the present value of estimated excess future cash flows from the Trusts using, among other assumptions, probable future cumulative credit losses on the receivables sold. Charge-offs of receivables that have been sold to Trusts decrease the amount of excess future cash flows from the Trusts. If such charge-offs are expected to exceed our original probable cumulative credit losses, the fair value of retained interest in securitized assets could be written down through an impairment charge to earnings.
Certain data related to our total managed receivables finance receivable portfolio are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, 2006 | |
| | Owned | | | Sold | | | Total Managed | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Owned finance receivables, unpaid principal balance | | $ | 4,009,482 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 4,009,482 | |
Sold finance receivables | | | — | | | | 576,217 | | | | 576,217 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total managed finance receivables | | $ | 4,009,482 | | | $ | 576,217 | | | $ | 4,585,699 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of outstanding contracts | | | 262,093 | | | | 61,996 | | | | 324,089 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average principal amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars) | | $ | 15,298 | | | $ | 9,294 | | | $ | 14,150 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At December 31, 2005 | |
| | Owned | | | Sold | | | Total Managed | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Owned finance receivables | | $ | 2,736,183 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 2,736,183 | |
Sold finance receivables | | | — | | | | 1,130,352 | | | | 1,130,352 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Total managed finance receivables | | $ | 2,736,183 | | | $ | 1,130,352 | | | $ | 3,866,535 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Number of outstanding contracts | | | 176,617 | | | | 112,317 | | | | 288,934 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Average principal amount of outstanding contracts (in dollars) | | $ | 15,492 | | | $ | 10,064 | | | $ | 13,382 | |
| | | | | | | | | |
Receivables that are (1) more than 30 days delinquent, but not yet in repossession, and (2) in repossession are summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, 2006 | |
| | Owned | | | Sold | | | Total Managed | |
Delinquent contracts: | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
31 to 60 days | | $ | 222,910 | | | | 5.6 | % | | $ | 57,867 | | | | 10.0 | % | | $ | 280,777 | | | | 6.1 | % |
Greater than 60 days | | | 67,973 | | | | 1.7 | | | | 17,470 | | | | 3.1 | | | | 85,443 | | | | 1.9 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 290,883 | | | | 7.3 | | | | 75,337 | | | | 13.1 | | | | 366,220 | | | | 8.0 | |
In repossession | | | 17,830 | | | | 0.4 | | | | 7,060 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 24,890 | | | | 0.5 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 308,713 | | | | 7.7 | % | | $ | 82,397 | | | | 14.3 | % | | $ | 391,110 | | | | 8.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At December 31, 2005 | |
| | Owned | | | Sold | | | Total Managed | |
Delinquent contracts: | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | | | Amount | | | Percent | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
31 to 60 days | | $ | 155,009 | | | | 5.7 | % | | $ | 120,474 | | | | 10.7 | % | | $ | 275,483 | | | | 7.1 | % |
Greater than 60 days | | | 44,079 | | | | 1.6 | | | | 37,240 | | | | 3.3 | | | | 81,319 | | | | 2.1 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | 199,088 | | | | 7.3 | | | | 157,714 | | | | 14.0 | | | | 356,802 | | | | 9.2 | |
In repossession | | | 8,158 | | | | 0.3 | | | | 13,476 | | | | 1.2 | | | | 21,634 | | | | 0.6 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | $ | 207,246 | | | | 7.6 | % | | $ | 171,190 | | | | 15.2 | % | | $ | 378,436 | | | | 9.8 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Delinquencies in our total managed receivables portfolio may vary from period to period based upon credit quality, the average age or seasoning of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year and economic factors. Delinquencies for our total managed portfolio were lower at September 30, 2006 compared to December 31, 2005, due to normal seasonal delinquency trends.
We at times offer payment extensions, in accordance with our policies and guidelines, to consumers to assist them when temporary financial difficulties interfere with their ability to make scheduled payments. Our policies and guidelines, as well as certain contractual restrictions in our securitization transactions, limit the number and frequency of extensions that may be granted. An account for which all delinquent payments are extended is classified as current at the time the extension is granted resulting in lower delinquencies. Thereafter, such account’s delinquency status is determined in the same manner as any other account.
We evaluate the results of our extension strategies based upon the portfolio performance on accounts that have been extended versus accounts that have not been extended over the same period of time. We believe that payment extensions granted according to our policies and guidelines are an effective portfolio management technique and result in higher ultimate cash collections from the portfolio.
The following is a summary of payment extensions as a percentage of owned, sold and total managed receivables outstanding:
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At September 30, 2006 |
| | Owned | | Sold | | Total Managed |
Never extended | | | 90.0 | % | | | 58.6 | % | | | 86.0 | % |
Extended: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1-2 times | | | 9.8 | % | | | 40.0 | % | | | 13.5 | % |
3-4 times | | | 0.2 | % | | | 1.4 | % | | | 0.5 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total extended | | | 10.0 | % | | | 41.4 | % | | | 14.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | At December 31, 2005 |
| | Owned | | Sold | | Total Managed |
Never extended | | | 89.1 | % | | | 60.8 | % | | | 80.8 | % |
Extended: | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1-2 times | | | 10.6 | % | | | 37.7 | % | | | 18.5 | % |
3-4 times | | | 0.3 | % | | | 1.5 | % | | | 0.7 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total extended | | | 10.9 | % | | | 39.2 | % | | | 19.2 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % | | | 100.0 | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
At September 30, 2006 and December 31, 2005, our sold receivables portfolio was more seasoned than our owned receivables and therefore, had a higher level of extensions.
Payment extensions do not have a direct impact on the amount of our finance receivables charged-off and the corresponding credit quality ratios. Payment extensions may, however, impact the timing of these charge-offs in the event a previously extended account is ultimately charged-off. Additionally, the impact of payment extensions is considered in determining the allowance for credit losses and the resulting provision for credit losses.
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Charge-off data with respect to our finance receivables portfolio is summarized as follows:
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Three Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Owned: | | | | | | | | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 82,225 | | | $ | 39,924 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (44,777 | ) | | | (21,872 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 24,018 | | | | 12,718 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 61,466 | | | $ | 30,770 | |
| | | | | | |
Sold: | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs | | $ | 26,087 | | | $ | 55,776 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (11,914 | ) | | | (20,330 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 14,173 | | | $ | 35,446 | |
| | | | | | |
Total Managed: | | | | | | | | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 108,312 | | | $ | 95,700 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (56,691 | ) | | | (42,202 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 24,018 | | | | 12,718 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 75,639 | | | $ | 66,216 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average total managed receivables outstanding | | | 6.8 | % | | | 7.0 | % |
Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs | | | 42.8 | % | | | 38.9 | % |
| | | | | | | | |
| | For the Nine Months Ended | |
| | September 30, | |
| | 2006 | | | 2005 | |
| | (Dollars in thousands) | |
Owned: | | | | | | | | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 182,645 | | | $ | 94,839 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (110,686 | ) | | | (62,451 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 51,417 | | | | 28,730 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 123,376 | | | $ | 61,118 | |
| | | | | | |
Sold: | | | | | | | | |
Charge-offs | | $ | 87,809 | | | $ | 175,844 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (45,404 | ) | | | (73,494 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | — | | | | — | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 42,405 | | | $ | 102,350 | |
| | | | | | |
Total Managed: | | | | | | | | |
Repossession charge-offs | | $ | 270,454 | | | $ | 270,683 | |
Less: Recoveries | | | (156,090 | ) | | | (135,945 | ) |
Mandatory charge-offs(1) | | | 51,417 | | | | 28,730 | |
| | | | | | |
Net charge-offs | | $ | 165,781 | | | $ | 163,468 | |
| | | | | | |
Annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average total managed receivables outstanding | | | 5.3 | % | | | 5.7 | % |
Recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs | | | 48.5 | % | | | 45.4 | % |
| | |
(1) | | Mandatory charge-offs represent accounts charged-off in full with no recovery amounts realized at time of charge-off. |
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average total managed receivables outstanding may vary from period to period based upon credit quality, the average age or seasoning of the portfolio and economic factors. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average total managed receivables were 6.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 7.0% for 2005. Net charge-offs were 5.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 as compared to 5.7% for 2005.
The decreases in annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average total managed finance receivables was primarily due to increases in recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs partially offset by higher charge-offs in the owned portfolio. The increase in recoveries as a percentage of charge-offs was primarily due to increases in recovery rates from auction sales.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
Our primary sources of cash are borrowings on our warehouse and residual loan facilities, securitization notes payable, term loans and senior notes. Prior to April 30, 2005, our primary source of cash had been advances from Ford Credit and sales of auto receivables to Trusts in securitization transactions. Our primary uses of cash have been purchases of receivables, operating costs and expenses and funding credit enhancement requirements for securitization transactions and debt service requirements.
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities was $179.8 million and ($263.6) million during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Cash flows from operating activities are affected by net income or loss as adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, provisions for credit losses, impairment charges and accretion of present value discount. Prior to April 30, 2005, cash flows from operating activities included purchases of and proceeds from sales and collections on finance receivables originally classified as held for sale. The $179.8 million of cash flows provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was primarily due to $19.0 million of net income adjusted by $163.2 million of provision for credit losses. The $263.6 million of cash flows used in operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was primarily due to $627.4 million in purchases of receivables held for sale partially offset by $215.3 million in collections on finance receivables held for sale and $46.3 million in net income.
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,390.1 million and $963.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Cash flows from investing activities are highly dependent upon distributions on our retained interests and purchases of and collections on finance receivables originally classified as held for investment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2006, net cash used in investing activities included $2,223.1 million related to purchases of finance receivables held for investment partially offset by $941.5 million in collections on finance receivables held for investment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2005, net cash used in investing activities included $553.5 million related to the acquisition of Triad Financial Corporation and $797.4 million in purchases of finance receivables held for investment.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,217.8 million and $1,234.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Cash flows from financing activities reflect the net change in amounts required to be borrowed under our various revolving and term borrowing facilities. The $1,127.8 million of cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 was due to $1,737.9 million in proceeds from issuance of securitization notes, $287.1 million in net change in warehouse credit facilities and $30.0 million in proceeds from issuance of preferred stock, partially offset by $800.3 million in payments on securitization notes. The $1,234.8 million of cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2005 was due to $2,009.2 million in proceeds from issuance of securitization notes and $456.3 million in net change in warehouse credit facilities, partially offset by $1,545.1 million in net change in due to Ford Motor Credit Company.
Prior to the Acquisition, we had an agreement with Ford Credit that provided us with advances to purchase retail installment sale contracts from dealers, to originate loans directly to consumers and to supply our working capital. Our agreement with Ford Credit had been in effect since March 5, 2003, was automatically extended on March 15 of each year and had a maturity date of March 15, 2006. The agreement provided for a maximum of $3.0 billion of advances to us. The agreement provided for payment of a fixed interest rate for the existing term loan and a variable interest rate derived from published market indices for the existing revolving loan. These agreements were terminated in connection with the Acquisition and all amounts due to Ford Credit thereunder were repaid.
In connection with the Acquisition, we entered into two new warehouse lending facilities, each with a different lender, and two new residual facilities, each with one of the lenders under our new warehouse facilities. We used borrowings under these facilities initially to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Acquisition and to repay amounts due to Ford Credit. Thereafter, the warehouse facilities will fund most of our ongoing origination and acquisition of contracts, and the residual facilities will provide us with working capital. Newly formed special
37
purpose subsidiaries are the borrowers under these facilities. The termination dates for the two warehouse facilities are different, as are the termination dates for the two residual facilities. However, for each lender, the warehouse facility and residual facility terminate on the same date. We also entered into a new term loan with Ford Credit to finance a portion of our receivables held for investment. The proceeds from the issuance of the notes were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Acquisition.
Based on our anticipated level of originations in 2006, we believe our cash flow from operations, available cash and available borrowings under our warehouse and residual facilities will provide us with sufficient liquidity to fund contract originations on an interim basis until a sufficient amount of receivables can be pooled together for subsequent securitizations. We plan to continue to access the securitization market on a frequent basis which will provide us with additional liquidity.
Contractual and Long-Term Debt Obligations
Contractual and long-term debt obligations are fully described in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations” contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and there have been no material changes noted.
Securitizations
We completed nine auto receivables securitization transactions from August 2002 through September 30, 2006. In these transactions, we securitized approximately $8.2 billion of automobile receivables, issuing $7.4 billion of class A notes. The proceeds from the transactions were primarily used to repay borrowings outstanding under our intercompany credit facility with Ford Credit and our new warehouse facilities.
We have pursued a strategy of securitizing our receivables to diversify our funding, improve liquidity and obtain a cost-effective source of funds for the purchase of additional automobile finance contracts. In general, we believe that the securitization program provides us with necessary working capital at rates that are much lower than we could obtain through our own unsecured or secured corporate debt obligations.
At September 30, 2006, none of our securitizations had delinquency or net loss ratios in excess of the targeted levels that would require an increase in credit enhancement and diversion of excess cash flow. Deterioration in the economy could cause one or more of the ratios to exceed the targeted levels, resulting in stress on our liquidity position. In that case, we may be required to significantly decrease contract origination activities, and implement other significant expense reductions, if securitization distributions to us are materially decreased for a prolonged period of time.
We believe that we will continue to require the execution of securitization transactions, along with borrowings under our new warehouse and residual facilities, in order to fund our future liquidity needs. There can be no assurance that funding will be available to us through these sources or, if available, that it will be on terms acceptable to us. If these sources of funding are unavailable to us on a regular basis, we may be required to significantly decrease contract origination activities and implement significant expense reductions, all of which may have a material adverse affect on our ability to achieve our business and financial objectives.
In 2004, we completed only one securitization, because we elected not to effect a securitization following the determination by Ford to sell the Company. In the future, we expect to effect securitizations on a frequent basis. We completed two securitizations during 2005 and three securitizations during the first ten months of 2006. Our last securitization was in October 2006. Subject to market conditions and origination volume levels, we presently expect to complete a securitization every three to six months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Prior to our May 2005 securitization transaction, we structured our securitization transactions to meet the criteria for sales of finance receivables. Under this structure, notes issued by our unconsolidated qualified special purpose finance subsidiaries are not recorded as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. Beginning with the securitization completed in May 2005, our securitization transactions are being structured to meet the criteria for on-balance sheet reporting.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements When Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements” (“SAB 108”), providing guidance on quantifying financial statement misstatement and implementation (e.g., restatement or cumulative effect to assets, liabilities and retained earnings) when first applying this guidance. SAB 108 is effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The Company does not believe the guidance provided by SAB 108 will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS 157”) which provides enhanced guidance for using fair value to measure assets and liabilities. The standard applies whenever other standards require or permit assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The Standard does not expand the use of fair value in any new circumstances. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect, if any, of the adoption of this Statement on its financial statements, commencing on January 1, 2008.
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48,Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (“FIN 48”). This interpretation clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an entity’s financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109,Accounting for Income Taxes.It prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement methodology for financial statement reporting purposes and promulgates a series of new disclosures of tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return for which less than all of the resulting tax benefits are expected to be realized. This interpretation is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We are currently evaluating the requirements of FIN 48 and have not yet determined the impact on the consolidated financial statements.
In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 140. This Statement will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2007. Earlier adoption is permitted. The Statement addresses the recognition and measurement of separately recognized servicing assets and liabilities and provides an approach to simplify efforts to obtain hedge-like (offset) accounting. The Statement permits a servicer that uses derivative financial instruments to offset risks on servicing to report both the derivative financial instrument and related servicing asset or liability by using a consistent measurement attribute – fair value. We are currently evaluating the impact and timing of this new guidance specifically related to accounting for our retained interest in securitized assets.
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140. This Statement will be effective beginning in the first quarter of 2007. Earlier adoption is permitted. The statement permits interests in hybrid financial assets that contain an embedded derivative that would require bifurcation to be accounted for as a single financial instrument at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. This election is permitted on an instrument-by-instrument basis for all hybrid financial instruments held, obtained, or issued as of adoption date. We are currently evaluating the impact and timing of this new guidance specifically related to accounting for our retained interest in securitized assets.
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ITEM 3.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Risk
General
Our earnings are affected by changes in interest rates as a result of our dependence upon the issuance of fixed rate securities and the incurrence of variable rate debt to fund the purchase of auto finance contracts. Fluctuations in market interest rates impact the interest payments required under our new warehouse and residual facilities, as well as the interest to be paid in future securitization transactions. We may utilize several strategies to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, including the use of derivative financial instruments and the regular securitization of auto finance contracts.
Warehouse and Residual Facilities
In our contract origination process, we purchase auto finance contracts and make loans that bear fixed interest rates and are pledged to secure borrowings under our warehouse facilities. Amounts borrowed under our warehouse facilities will bear variable interest rates. We intend to utilize our warehouse facilities to fund receivables until we accumulate a portfolio of sufficient size to securitize. To mitigate the risk of fluctuations in interest rates prior to a securitization, we anticipate entering into forward-starting swap agreements on a periodic basis. If interest rates are above the forward-starting swap rate on the pricing date of a securitization, the purchaser of the forward-starting swap agreement will pay us for the increase in interest rates. Likewise, if interest rates are below the locked rate on the pricing date of a securitization, we will pay the purchaser of the forward-starting swap agreement for the decrease in interest rates. Therefore, regardless of whether interest rates increase or decrease between the date auto finance contracts are originated and the date these contracts are securitized, we will have locked in the cost of funds on outstanding notional amounts and the gross interest rate spread of our auto finance contracts. Unlike traditional swaps, a forward-starting swap has only one cash exchange at settlement. Other derivative financial instruments may be utilized if considered advantageous by us in minimizing the risk of interest rate fluctuations.
Our residual facilities are indexed to the one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and are secured by residual assets pledged to the facilities. Additionally, the residual facilities bear varying spreads to LIBOR depending upon the amount advanced in the residual facilities and the value of the pledged residual assets. The value of the pledged residual assets will be regularly assessed based on expected future cash flows. Changes in market interest rates could change the discount rate used to value the pledged residual assets and alter the value of the residual assets and cause the agreed upon spread to LIBOR to increase or decrease. We intend to utilize the residual facilities to provide credit enhancements and support our working capital needs and may utilize derivative financial instruments to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations if deemed appropriate.
Securitizations
We plan to continue to access the securitization market on a frequent basis to provide for long-term funding of our auto finance contracts. The interest rates demanded by investors in our future securitization transactions will depend on prevailing market interest rates for comparable transactions and the general interest rate environment. We may utilize several strategies to minimize the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our net interest income, including the use of derivative financial instruments, the regular securitization of auto finance contracts and pre-funding securitizations.
In our securitization transactions, we sell fixed rate auto finance contracts to Trusts that then issue either fixed rate or floating rate securities to investors. The fixed rates on securities issued by the Trusts are indexed to market interest rate swap spreads for transactions of similar duration and do not fluctuate during the term of the securitization. The floating rates on securities issued by the Trusts are indexed to LIBOR and fluctuate periodically based on movements in LIBOR. We may be required to utilize derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swap agreements, to convert variable rate exposures of the Trusts on these floating rate securities to fixed rates, thereby locking in the gross interest rate spread to be earned by the Trusts over the life of each securitization. Derivative financial instruments purchased by us would not impact the amount of cash flows to be received by holders of the asset-backed securities issued by the Trusts. These instruments are used to offset the impact of increased or decreased interest paid by the Trusts on floating rate asset-backed securities and, therefore, the cash flows to be received by us from the Trusts.
40
We may also pre-fund securitizations, thereby allowing us to lock in borrowing costs with respect to auto finance contracts subsequently delivered to the Trusts. To pre-fund a securitization, we will issue more asset-backed securities than necessary to cover auto finance contracts initially sold or pledged to the Trust. The proceeds from the pre-funded portion are held in an escrow account until additional auto finance contracts are delivered to the Trust in amounts up to the pre-funded balance held in the escrow account. We will incur an expense in pre-funded securitizations during the period between the initial securitization and the subsequent delivery of auto finance contracts equal to the difference between the interest earned on the proceeds held in the escrow account and the interest rate paid on the asset-backed securities outstanding.
Interest Rate Swap Agreements
We periodically enter into interest rate swap agreements whereby we pay a fixed interest rate and receive a variable interest rate. If interest rates increase and are above the starting-swap rate on the settlement date, the market value of the forward-starting swap is positive, and we will receive an amount from the counterparty equal to such market value. Likewise, if the market value is negative on the settlement date, we will pay an amount to the counterparty equal to such market value. These agreements are intended to ensure the economics of future securitization transactions and minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations on our gross interest rate margin prior to the execution of securitization transactions.
On December 23, 2004, Ford Credit executed a forward-starting swap agreement with us upon signing the Stock Purchase Agreement to hedge underlying interest rates on a portion of our portfolio based on values at the transaction date. This agreement, as amended, had a notional amount of $1.275 billion. This agreement was intended to ensure the economics of the transaction were consistent at closing as agreed to under the Stock Purchase Agreement and not affected by fluctuations in interest rates. This agreement allowed us to minimize the risk of interest rate fluctuations on our gross interest rate margin prior to the closing of the Acquisition. The agreement was settled on April 29, 2005 and resulted in a cumulative gain of $5.2 million.
ITEM 4.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information to be disclosed in the reports it files under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. Such controls include those designed to ensure that information for disclosure is communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer (the “CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
The CEO and CFO, with the participation of management, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2006. Based on their evaluation, they have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
No changes were made in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2006, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
As a consumer finance company, we are subject to various consumer claims and litigation seeking damages and statutory penalties, based upon, among other things, usury, disclosure inaccuracies, wrongful repossession, wrongful collection procedures, violations of bankruptcy stay provisions, certificate of title disputes, fraud and breach of contract. Some litigation against us may take the form of class action lawsuits by consumers. As the assignee of finance contracts originated by dealers, we may also be named as a co-defendant in lawsuits filed by consumers
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principally against dealers. The damages and penalties claimed by consumers in these types of matters can be substantial. The relief requested by the plaintiffs varies, but includes requests for compensatory, statutory and punitive damages.
We believe that we have taken prudent steps to address the litigation risks associated with our business activities. We are vigorously defending the litigation against us and, while we are unable to estimate a range of possible losses with respect to our pending litigation due to the preliminary stages of most of our proceedings, we do not believe that the outcome of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
ITEM 1A.RISK FACTORS
Risk factors are fully described in Item 1A contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and there have been no material changes noted.
ITEM 2.UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None.
ITEM 3.DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
ITEM 4.SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None.
ITEM 5.OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 6.EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
EXHIBIT INDEX
| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
No. | | Description |
| 2.1 | | | Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 23, 2004, among Triad Holdings Inc., Triad Acquisition Corp. and Fairlane Credit LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4/A of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on November 15, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 3.1 | | | Third Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Triad Financial Corporation. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 on Form 10-Q of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on August 11, 2006 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 3.2 | | | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of Triad Financial Corporation (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 4.1 | | | Indenture, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Acquisition Corp. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 4.2 | | | Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Financial Corporation and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Trustee (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
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| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
No. | | Description |
| 4.3 | | | Exchange and Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Acquisition Corp. and Goldman, Sachs & Co., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc., as representatives of the several Purchasers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 4.4 | | | Form of Senior Note (attached as exhibit to Exhibit 4.1). |
| | | | |
| 10.1 | | | Employment Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, between the Company and James M. Landy (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)).* |
| | | | |
| 10.2 | | | Employment Agreement, dated as of November 11, 2005, between the Company and Chris A. Goodman (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 on Form 10-K of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on March 31, 2006 (File No. 333-126538)).* |
| | | | |
| 10.3 | | | Management Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among the Company, Triad Holdings, LLC, Triad Holdings Inc. and Hunter’s Glen/Ford Ltd (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.4 | | | Warehouse Lending Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among the Company, Triad Financial Warehouse Special Purpose LLC, Triad Automobile Receivables Warehouse Trust, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Collection Account Bank and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp., as lender (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.5 | | | Warehouse Lending Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among the Company, Triad Financial Warehouse Special Purpose LLC, Triad Automobile Receivables Warehouse Trust, JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Collection Account Bank and Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company, as lender (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.6 | | | Master Residual Loan Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Financial Residual Special Purpose LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Collection Account Bank and Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.7 | | | Master Residual Loan Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Financial Residual Special Purpose LLC, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Collection Account Bank and Goldman Sachs Mortgage Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.8 | | | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of April 29, 2005 among Triad Holdings Inc. and certain holders of common stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.9 | | | Stockholders Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, among Triad Holdings Inc., Triad Holdings, LLC and James M. Landy (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.10 | | | Limited Liability Company Agreement of Triad Holdings, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
| | | | |
| 10.11 | | | HFI Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 29, 2005, between the Company and Ford Motor Credit Company (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)). |
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| | | | |
Exhibit | | |
No. | | Description |
| 10.12 | | | Carl B. Webb Compensation Arrangement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Triad Financial Corporation, filed on July 12, 2005 (File No. 333-126538)).* |
| | | | |
| 31.1 | | | Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Section 302 Certification).† |
| | | | |
| 31.2 | | | Certification of Principal Financial Officer (Section 302 Certification).† |
| | | | |
| 32. | | | Certification of Periodic Financial Report (Section 906 Certification).† |
| | |
* | | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
|
† | | Filed herewith. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized:
| | | | |
| | |
Date: November 13, 2006 | /s/ CARL B. WEBB | |
| Carl B. Webb | |
| President & Chief Executive Officer | |
|
| | |
Date: November 13, 2006 | /s/ MIKE L. WILHELMS | |
| Mike L. Wilhelms | |
| Senior Vice President & Chief Financial Officer | |
45