Loans and Asset Quality | Loans and Asset Quality Loans Loans HFI by category and loans HFS are summarized below: December 31, (in thousands) 2023 2022 Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 851,582 $ 794,723 One-to-four family residential 599,487 543,511 Construction and development 125,238 157,364 Commercial and industrial 315,327 310,067 Tax-exempt 72,913 83,166 Consumer 28,311 27,436 Total loans HFI $ 1,992,858 $ 1,916,267 Total loans HFS $ 1,306 $ 518 Deferred loan origination fees, net of certain direct costs, were $1.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Accrued interest receivable on loans HFI totaled $6.8 million and $5.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Concentrations of Credit Risk The majority of the lending activity occurs within the Bank’s Louisiana markets. The Bank maintains a diversified loan portfolio with a focus on commercial real estate, one-to-four family residential real estate, and commercial and industrial loans. Substantially all of the Bank’s real estate loans are secured by properties located within Louisiana. Allowance for Credit Losses Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method. For reporting periods beginning on and after January 1, 2023, the Company maintains an ACL on all loans that reflects management’s estimate of expected credit losses for the full life of the loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL by category for the year ended December 31, 2023: (in thousands) Beginning Impact of ASC 326 Adoption Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 7,720 $ 876 $ 522 $ — $ — $ 9,118 One-to-four family residential 5,682 1,231 584 (23) 10 7,484 Construction and development 1,654 (444) 108 (9) — 1,309 Commercial and industrial 4,350 (822) (947) (58) 30 2,553 Tax-exempt 751 (427) 251 — — 575 Consumer 471 (136) 217 (383) 128 297 Total allowance for credit losses $ 20,628 $ 278 $ 735 $ (473) $ 168 $ 21,336 Allowance for Loan Losses For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, the Company maintained an ALL on loans that represented management’s estimate of probable losses incurred in the portfolio category. The following table summarizes the activity in the ALL by category for the year ended December 31, 2022: (in thousands) Beginning Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 6,749 $ 970 $ — $ 1 $ 7,720 One-to-four family residential 5,375 296 — 11 5,682 Construction and development 1,326 328 (18) 18 1,654 Commercial and industrial 4,465 (162) (39) 86 4,350 Tax-exempt 749 2 — — 751 Consumer 512 316 (490) 133 471 Total allowance for loan losses $ 19,176 $ 1,750 $ (547) $ 249 $ 20,628 The following table summarizes the activity in the ALL by category for the year ended December 31, 2021: (in thousands) Beginning Provision Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 5,798 $ 1,401 $ (450) $ — $ 6,749 One-to-four family residential 5,390 (23) (10) 18 5,375 Construction and development 1,699 (375) — 2 1,326 Commercial and industrial 3,949 563 (74) 27 4,465 Tax-exempt 680 69 — — 749 Consumer 435 265 (351) 163 512 Total allowance for loan losses $ 17,951 $ 1,900 $ (885) $ 210 $ 19,176 The balance in the ACL and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2023, are as follows: (in thousands) Individually Collectively Total Allowance for credit losses: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 342 $ 8,776 $ 9,118 One-to-four family residential 57 7,427 7,484 Construction and development — 1,309 1,309 Commercial and industrial 226 2,327 2,553 Tax-exempt — 575 575 Consumer 104 193 297 Total allowance for credit losses $ 729 $ 20,607 $ 21,336 Loans: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 1,379 $ 850,203 $ 851,582 One-to-four family residential 751 598,736 599,487 Construction and development — 125,238 125,238 Commercial and industrial 972 314,355 315,327 Tax-exempt — 72,913 72,913 Consumer 140 28,171 28,311 Total loans HFI $ 3,242 $ 1,989,616 $ 1,992,858 The balance in the ALL and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2022, are as follows: (in thousands) Individually Collectively Total Allowance for loan losses: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 15 $ 7,705 $ 7,720 One-to-four family residential 16 5,666 5,682 Construction and development — 1,654 1,654 Commercial and industrial 172 4,178 4,350 Tax-exempt — 751 751 Consumer 111 360 471 Total allowance for loan losses $ 314 $ 20,314 $ 20,628 Loans: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 4,513 $ 790,210 $ 794,723 One-to-four family residential 1,507 542,004 543,511 Construction and development 9 157,355 157,364 Commercial and industrial 1,402 308,665 310,067 Tax-exempt — 83,166 83,166 Consumer 137 27,299 27,436 Total loans HFI $ 7,568 $ 1,908,699 $ 1,916,267 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2023: (in thousands) Nonaccrual with No ACL Nonaccrual with ACL Total Nonaccrual Real estate: Commercial real estate $ — $ 714 $ 714 One-to-four family residential — 269 269 Construction and development — — — Commercial and industrial 709 135 844 Tax-exempt — — — Consumer — 132 132 Total loans HFI $ 709 $ 1,250 $ 1,959 No material interest income was recognized in the consolidated statements of income on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, or 2021. The following table presents the aging analysis of the past due loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest by loan category as of December 31, 2023: Past Due (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days Current Total 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 36 $ — $ 678 $ 850,868 $ 851,582 $ — One-to-four family residential 392 251 409 598,435 599,487 260 Construction and development — — 265 124,973 125,238 265 Commercial and industrial 132 60 847 314,288 315,327 45 Tax-exempt — — — 72,913 72,913 — Consumer 27 16 46 28,222 28,311 4 Total loans HFI $ 587 $ 327 $ 2,245 $ 1,989,699 $ 1,992,858 $ 574 The following table presents the current, past due, and nonaccrual loans by category as of December 31, 2022: Accruing (in thousands) Current 30-89 Days 90 Days Nonaccrual Total Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 793,540 $ 463 $ — $ 720 $ 794,723 One-to-four family residential 542,666 602 — 243 543,511 Construction and development 157,355 — — 9 157,364 Commercial and industrial 308,611 165 — 1,291 310,067 Tax-exempt 83,166 — — — 83,166 Consumer 27,291 42 2 101 27,436 Total loans HFI $ 1,912,629 $ 1,272 $ 2 $ 2,364 $ 1,916,267 Impaired Loans For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, when ASC 326 was adopted, the Company individually evaluated impaired loans, including TDRs and performing and nonperforming loans. Once a loan was deemed to be impaired, the difference between the loan value and the Bank’s exposure was charged-off or a specific reserve was established. Information pertaining to impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, is as follows: (in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Related Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 3,804 $ 3,796 $ — $ 3,194 $ 135 One-to-four family residential 1,458 1,387 — 797 68 Construction and development 9 9 — 104 — Commercial and industrial 51 51 — 58 4 Tax-exempt — — — — — Consumer 26 26 — 9 1 Total with no related allowance 5,348 5,269 — 4,162 208 With allowance recorded: Real estate: Commercial real estate 717 717 15 1,264 33 One-to-four family residential 120 120 16 48 6 Construction and development — — — — — Commercial and industrial 1,360 1,351 172 623 4 Tax-exempt — — — — — Consumer 113 111 111 122 1 Total with related allowance 2,310 2,299 314 2,057 44 Total impaired loans $ 7,658 $ 7,568 $ 314 $ 6,219 $ 252 Information pertaining to impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, is as follows: (in thousands) Unpaid Recorded Related Average Interest With no related allowance recorded: Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 1,599 $ 1,595 $ — $ 1,969 $ 78 One-to-four family residential 483 434 — 539 19 Construction and development 501 501 — 400 32 Commercial and industrial — — — 355 — Tax-exempt — — — — — Consumer 8 8 — 4 1 Total with no related allowance 2,591 2,538 — 3,267 130 With allowance recorded: Real estate: Commercial real estate 3,416 3,416 68 2,111 64 One-to-four family residential — — — 145 — Construction and development — — — — — Commercial and industrial 85 77 40 1,570 5 Tax-exempt — — — — — Consumer 118 118 118 112 5 Total with related allowance 3,619 3,611 226 3,938 74 Total impaired loans $ 6,210 $ 6,149 $ 226 $ 7,205 $ 204 Loan Modifications The Company adopted ASU No. 2022-02 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures effective January 1, 2023, using the prospective method. This ASU eliminates the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and requires all loan modifications to be evaluated based on whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. Modifications are made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and the modified terms are in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension in the current reporting period. As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the year ended December 31, 2023 is as follows: December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands) Term Extension Total Class of Loans Receivable Financial Effect Real estate: Commercial real estate $ — — % One-to-four family residential 300 0.1 % Amortization period was extended by a weighted-average of 2.34 years. Construction and development — — % Commercial and industrial — — % Tax-exempt — — % Consumer — — % Total $ 300 0.1 % Troubled Debt Restructurings For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, when ASC 326 was adopted, the restructuring of a loan was considered a TDR if the borrower was experiencing financial difficulties and the Bank had granted a concession. A summary of current, past due, and nonaccrual TDR loans as of December 31, 2022, is as follows: (dollars in thousands) Current 30-89 90 Days Nonaccrual Total Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 3,197 $ — $ — $ 42 $ 3,239 One-to-four family residential 797 151 — 22 970 Construction and development — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — SBA PPP, net of deferred income — — — — — Tax-exempt — — — — — Consumer 10 — — 101 111 Total $ 4,004 $ 151 $ — $ 165 $ 4,320 Number of TDR loans 11 2 — 3 16 A summary of loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows: December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021 Recorded Investment Recorded Investment (dollars in thousands) Loan Pre Post Loan Pre Post Real estate: Commercial real estate 1 $ 50 $ 50 1 $ 2,174 $ 2,184 One-to-four family residential 5 696 699 — — — Construction and development — — — — — — Commercial and industrial — — — — — — Tax-exempt — — — — — — Consumer 1 104 104 1 20 27 Total 7 $ 850 $ 853 2 $ 2,194 $ 2,211 The TDRs described above increased the ALL by $101,000 and $14,000 during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, there were no charge-offs of TDRs in 2022 or 2021, and there were no TDRs that subsequently defaulted in 2022 or 2021. Credit Quality Indicators Loans are categorized based on the degree of risk inherent in the credit and the ability of the borrower to service the debt. A description of the general characteristics of the Bank’s risk rating grades follows: Pass - These loans are of satisfactory quality and do not require a more severe classification. Special Mention - This category includes loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. However, the loss potential does not warrant substandard classification. Substandard - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest. Prompt corrective action is required to reduce exposure and to assure adequate remedial actions are taken by the borrower. If these weaknesses do not improve, loss is possible. Doubtful - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that make full collection improbable. Loss - Loans classified in this category are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the ACL. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. The following table summarizes loans by risk rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023: Year of Origination (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Years Revolving Lines Total Real estate: Commercial real estate Pass $ 124,134 $ 256,707 $ 239,364 $ 76,754 $ 63,475 $ 61,957 $ 18,467 $ 840,858 Special mention 73 — 3,186 — 1,031 4,082 — 8,372 Substandard 184 779 675 — — 714 — 2,352 Total $ 124,391 $ 257,486 $ 243,225 $ 76,754 $ 64,506 $ 66,753 $ 18,467 $ 851,582 One-to-four family residential Pass $ 122,004 $ 134,583 $ 129,388 $ 90,190 $ 31,110 $ 74,077 $ 16,472 $ 597,824 Special mention — — — — — 261 — 261 Substandard — 79 — 37 385 827 74 1,402 Total $ 122,004 $ 134,662 $ 129,388 $ 90,227 $ 31,495 $ 75,165 $ 16,546 $ 599,487 Construction and development Pass $ 54,189 $ 55,515 $ 10,333 $ 1,742 $ 2,158 $ 1,015 $ 286 $ 125,238 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Total $ 54,189 $ 55,515 $ 10,333 $ 1,742 $ 2,158 $ 1,015 $ 286 $ 125,238 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 73,653 $ 49,637 $ 51,012 $ 13,863 $ 7,409 $ 813 $ 107,171 $ 303,558 Special mention 1,208 937 4,659 — 310 509 3,173 10,796 Substandard 4 — 59 5 54 51 800 973 Total $ 74,865 $ 50,574 $ 55,730 $ 13,868 $ 7,773 $ 1,373 $ 111,144 $ 315,327 Tax-exempt Pass $ 959 $ 15,679 $ 8,174 $ 13,919 $ 4,250 $ 29,932 $ — $ 72,913 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Total $ 959 $ 15,679 $ 8,174 $ 13,919 $ 4,250 $ 29,932 $ — $ 72,913 Consumer Pass $ 16,947 $ 6,385 $ 2,325 $ 858 $ 363 $ 133 $ 1,173 $ 28,184 Special mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 29 — — — 90 8 127 Total $ 16,947 $ 6,414 $ 2,325 $ 858 $ 363 $ 223 $ 1,181 $ 28,311 Total loans HFI $ 393,355 $ 520,330 $ 449,175 $ 197,368 $ 110,545 $ 174,461 $ 147,624 $ 1,992,858 Current period gross charge-offs $ 12 $ 20 $ 1 $ — $ 10 $ 25 $ 405 $ 473 The following table summarizes loans by risk rating as of December 31, 2022: (in thousands) Pass Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 786,394 $ 5,759 $ 2,570 $ — $ — $ 794,723 One-to-four family residential 542,112 62 1,337 — — 543,511 Construction and development 157,355 — 9 — — 157,364 Commercial and industrial 297,166 11,428 1,473 — — 310,067 Tax-exempt 83,166 — — — — 83,166 Consumer 27,298 — 138 — — 27,436 Total loans HFI $ 1,893,491 $ 17,249 $ 5,527 $ — $ — $ 1,916,267 Commitments to Extend Credit Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if all conditions of the commitment have been met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s evaluation of the customer’s ability to repay. Unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $372.0 million and $377.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $15.4 million and $14.6 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provision of ASC 326 |