Loans and Asset Quality | Loans and Asset Quality Loans Loans HFI by category and loans HFS are summarized below: (in thousands) June 30, 2024 December 31, 2023 Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 865,645 $ 851,582 One-to-four family residential 611,904 599,487 Construction and development 129,197 125,238 Commercial and industrial 344,071 315,327 Tax-exempt 67,941 72,913 Consumer 29,132 28,311 Total loans HFI $ 2,047,890 $ 1,992,858 Total loans HFS $ 3,878 $ 1,306 Accrued interest receivable on loans HFI totaled $6.6 million and $6.8 million as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for Credit Losses Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method. The Company maintains an ACL on all loans that reflects management’s estimate of expected credit losses for the full life of the loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL by category for the six months ended June 30, 2024: (in thousands) Beginning Balance December 31, 2023 Provision for Credit Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance June 30, 2024 Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 9,118 $ (52) $ — $ — $ 9,066 One-to-four family residential 7,484 131 — 5 7,620 Construction and development 1,309 69 — — 1,378 Commercial and industrial 2,553 348 (211) 54 2,744 Tax-exempt 575 (45) — — 530 Consumer 297 149 (231) 74 289 Total allowance for credit losses $ 21,336 $ 600 $ (442) $ 133 $ 21,627 The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL by category for the six months ended June 30, 2023: (in thousands) Beginning Balance December 31, 2022 Impact of ASC 326 Adoption Provision for Credit Losses Charge-offs Recoveries Ending Balance June 30, 2023 Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 7,720 $ 876 $ (293) $ — $ — $ 8,303 One-to-four family residential 5,682 1,231 91 — 5 7,009 Construction and development 1,654 (444) 184 (9) — 1,385 Commercial and industrial 4,350 (822) (18) (33) 23 3,500 Tax-exempt 751 (427) 264 — — 588 Consumer 471 (136) 72 (182) 75 300 Total allowance for credit losses $ 20,628 $ 278 $ 300 $ (224) $ 103 $ 21,085 Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2024: (in thousands) Nonaccrual with No ACL Nonaccrual with ACL Total Nonaccrual Real estate: Commercial real estate $ — $ 737 $ 737 One-to-four family residential — 700 700 Construction and development — 920 920 Commercial and industrial 553 164 717 Tax-exempt — — — Consumer — 94 94 Total loans HFI $ 553 $ 2,615 $ 3,168 The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2023: (in thousands) Nonaccrual with No ACL Nonaccrual with ACL Total Nonaccrual Real estate: Commercial real estate $ — $ 714 $ 714 One-to-four family residential — 269 269 Construction and development — — — Commercial and industrial 709 135 844 Tax-exempt — — — Consumer — 132 132 Total loans HFI $ 709 $ 1,250 $ 1,959 No material interest income was recognized in the consolidated statements of income on nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023. The following table presents the aging analysis of the past due loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest by loan category as of June 30, 2024: Past Due (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Current Total Loans HFI 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 32 $ — $ 705 $ 864,908 $ 865,645 $ — One-to-four family residential 124 378 577 610,825 611,904 39 Construction and development — — 918 128,279 129,197 — Commercial and industrial 315 — 685 343,071 344,071 2 Tax-exempt — — — 67,941 67,941 — Consumer 11 7 13 29,101 29,132 — Total loans HFI $ 482 $ 385 $ 2,898 $ 2,044,125 $ 2,047,890 $ 41 The following table presents the aging analysis of the past due loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest by loan category as of December 31, 2023: Past Due (in thousands) 30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90 Days or More Current Total Loans HFI 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing Real estate: Commercial real estate $ 36 $ — $ 678 $ 850,868 $ 851,582 $ — One-to-four family residential 392 251 409 598,435 599,487 260 Construction and development — — 265 124,973 125,238 265 Commercial and industrial 132 60 847 314,288 315,327 45 Tax-exempt — — — 72,913 72,913 — Consumer 27 16 46 28,222 28,311 4 Total loans HFI $ 587 $ 327 $ 2,245 $ 1,989,699 $ 1,992,858 $ 574 Loan Modifications Modifications are made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and the modified terms are in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension in the current reporting period. The amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six months ended June 30, 2024, is as follows: (dollars in thousands) Term Extension Percent of Loan Category Financial Effect Real estate: Commercial real estate $ — — % One-to-four family residential $ 485 0.1 % Amortization period was extended by a weighted-average of 4.79 years Construction and development $ — — % Commercial and industrial $ — — % Tax-exempt $ — — % Consumer $ — — % Total loans modified $ 485 0.1 % No loan modifications were made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the six months ended June 30, 2023. Credit Quality Indicators Loans are categorized based on the degree of risk inherent in the credit and the ability of the borrower to service the debt. A description of the general characteristics of the Bank’s risk rating grades follows: Pass - These loans are of satisfactory quality and do not require a more severe classification. Special mention - This category includes loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. However, the loss potential does not warrant substandard classification. Substandard - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest. Prompt corrective action is required to reduce exposure and to assure adequate remedial actions are taken by the borrower. If these weaknesses do not improve, loss is possible. Doubtful - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that make full collection improbable. Loss - Loans classified in this category are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the ACL. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. The following table summarizes loans by risk rating and year of origination as of June 30, 2024, and gross charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2024: Year of Origination (in thousands) 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Years Revolving Lines Total Real estate: Commercial real estate Pass $ 61,911 $ 121,276 $ 247,987 $ 231,137 $ 72,736 $ 104,277 $ 20,783 $ 860,107 Special Mention — — — — — 3,182 — 3,182 Substandard — 183 756 680 — 737 — 2,356 Total $ 61,911 $ 121,459 $ 248,743 $ 231,817 $ 72,736 $ 108,196 $ 20,783 $ 865,645 One-to-four family residential Pass $ 52,186 $ 113,509 $ 126,497 $ 120,471 $ 84,617 $ 94,952 $ 17,082 $ 609,314 Special Mention 136 — — — — 257 — 393 Substandard — — 368 43 35 941 810 2,197 Total $ 52,322 $ 113,509 $ 126,865 $ 120,514 $ 84,652 $ 96,150 $ 17,892 $ 611,904 Construction and development Pass $ 30,381 $ 62,017 $ 27,265 $ 4,411 $ 1,015 $ 1,978 $ 954 $ 128,021 Special Mention — 918 — — — — — 918 Substandard — — — — — 258 — 258 Total $ 30,381 $ 62,935 $ 27,265 $ 4,411 $ 1,015 $ 2,236 $ 954 $ 129,197 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 48,828 $ 63,218 $ 37,570 $ 47,195 $ 10,767 $ 6,206 $ 128,585 $ 342,369 Special Mention — 26 891 — — — — 917 Substandard — 3 — 44 2 93 643 785 Total $ 48,828 $ 63,247 $ 38,461 $ 47,239 $ 10,769 $ 6,299 $ 129,228 $ 344,071 Tax-exempt Pass $ 2,116 $ 1,031 $ 14,977 $ 6,634 $ 13,229 $ 29,954 $ — $ 67,941 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Total $ 2,116 $ 1,031 $ 14,977 $ 6,634 $ 13,229 $ 29,954 $ — $ 67,941 Consumer Pass $ 10,583 $ 10,253 $ 4,477 $ 1,805 $ 548 $ 282 $ 1,082 $ 29,030 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — 95 7 102 Total $ 10,583 $ 10,253 $ 4,477 $ 1,805 $ 548 $ 377 $ 1,089 $ 29,132 Total loans HFI $ 206,141 $ 372,434 $ 460,788 $ 412,420 $ 182,949 $ 243,212 $ 169,946 $ 2,047,890 Gross charge-offs $ 1 $ 25 $ 24 $ — $ — $ 153 $ 239 $ 442 As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. The following table summarizes loans by risk rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023, and gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023: Year of Origination (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Years Revolving Lines Total Real estate: Commercial real estate Pass $ 124,134 $ 256,707 $ 239,364 $ 76,754 $ 63,475 $ 61,957 $ 18,467 $ 840,858 Special Mention 73 — 3,186 — 1,031 4,082 — 8,372 Substandard 184 779 675 — — 714 — 2,352 Total $ 124,391 $ 257,486 $ 243,225 $ 76,754 $ 64,506 $ 66,753 $ 18,467 $ 851,582 One-to-four family residential Pass $ 122,004 $ 134,583 $ 129,388 $ 90,190 $ 31,110 $ 74,077 $ 16,472 $ 597,824 Special Mention — — — — — 261 — 261 Substandard — 79 — 37 385 827 74 1,402 Total $ 122,004 $ 134,662 $ 129,388 $ 90,227 $ 31,495 $ 75,165 $ 16,546 $ 599,487 Construction and development Pass $ 54,189 $ 55,515 $ 10,333 $ 1,742 $ 2,158 $ 1,015 $ 286 $ 125,238 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Total $ 54,189 $ 55,515 $ 10,333 $ 1,742 $ 2,158 $ 1,015 $ 286 $ 125,238 Commercial and industrial Pass $ 73,653 $ 49,637 $ 51,012 $ 13,863 $ 7,409 $ 813 $ 107,171 $ 303,558 Special Mention 1,208 937 4,659 — 310 509 3,173 10,796 Substandard 4 — 59 5 54 51 800 973 Total $ 74,865 $ 50,574 $ 55,730 $ 13,868 $ 7,773 $ 1,373 $ 111,144 $ 315,327 Tax-exempt Pass $ 959 $ 15,679 $ 8,174 $ 13,919 $ 4,250 $ 29,932 $ — $ 72,913 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — — — — — — — — Total $ 959 $ 15,679 $ 8,174 $ 13,919 $ 4,250 $ 29,932 $ — $ 72,913 Consumer Pass $ 16,947 $ 6,385 $ 2,325 $ 858 $ 363 $ 133 $ 1,173 $ 28,184 Special Mention — — — — — — — — Substandard — 29 — — — 90 8 127 Total $ 16,947 $ 6,414 $ 2,325 $ 858 $ 363 $ 223 $ 1,181 $ 28,311 Total loans HFI $ 393,355 $ 520,330 $ 449,175 $ 197,368 $ 110,545 $ 174,461 $ 147,624 $ 1,992,858 Gross charge-offs $ 12 $ 20 $ 1 $ — $ 10 $ 25 $ 405 $ 473 Commitments to Extend Credit Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if all conditions of the commitment have been met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s evaluation of the customer’s ability to repay. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $407.3 million and $372.0 million, respectively. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $12.4 million and $15.4 million, respectively. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provision of ASC 326 |