Medical Claims Liability | Medical Claims Liability As discussed in Note 1. Organization and Operations, in the first quarter of 2023 the Company updated its segment structure. Prior year information has been adjusted to reflect the change in segment reporting. The following table summarizes the change in medical claims liability for the year ended December 31, 2023 ($ in millions): Medicaid Medicare Commercial Other Consolidated Total Balance, January 1, 2023 $ 11,253 $ 3,431 $ 1,921 $ 140 $ 16,745 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 7 — 19 — 26 Balance, January 1, 2023, net 11,246 3,431 1,902 140 16,719 Incurred related to: Current year 79,747 19,487 19,966 1,480 120,680 Prior years (1,537) (343) (150) (6) (2,036) Total incurred 78,210 19,144 19,816 1,474 118,644 Paid related to: Current year 69,904 16,631 16,823 1,367 104,725 Prior years 8,743 2,582 1,479 133 12,937 Total paid 78,647 19,213 18,302 1,500 117,662 Plus: Premium deficiency reserve — 250 — — 250 Balance, December 31, 2023, net 10,809 3,612 3,416 114 17,951 Plus: Reinsurance recoverables 5 — 44 — 49 Balance, December 31, 2023 $ 10,814 $ 3,612 $ 3,460 $ 114 $ 18,000 The following table summarizes the change in medical claims liability for the year ended December 31, 2022 ($ in millions): Medicaid Medicare Commercial Other Consolidated Total Balance, January 1, 2022 $ 9,845 $ 2,286 $ 2,014 $ 98 $ 14,243 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 23 — — — 23 Balance, January 1, 2022, net 9,822 2,286 2,014 98 14,220 Acquisitions and divestitures — — — 105 105 Incurred related to: Current year 76,344 19,474 14,296 2,782 112,896 Prior years (1,046) (102) (204) (15) (1,367) Total incurred 75,298 19,372 14,092 2,767 111,529 Paid related to: Current year 66,221 16,275 12,556 2,747 97,799 Prior years 7,653 1,952 1,648 83 11,336 Total paid 73,874 18,227 14,204 2,830 109,135 Balance, December 31, 2022, net 11,246 3,431 1,902 140 16,719 Plus: Reinsurance recoverables 7 — 19 — 26 Balance, December 31, 2022 $ 11,253 $ 3,431 $ 1,921 $ 140 $ 16,745 The following table summarizes the change in medical claims liability for the year ended December 31, 2021 ($ in millions): Medicaid Medicare Commercial Other Consolidated Total Balance, January 1, 2021 $ 8,567 $ 2,012 $ 1,801 $ 58 $ 12,438 Less: Reinsurance recoverables 23 — — — 23 Balance, January 1, 2021, net 8,544 2,012 1,801 58 12,415 Incurred related to: Current year 68,720 15,388 14,706 1,571 100,385 Prior years (1,616) (142) (17) (8) (1,783) Total incurred 67,104 15,246 14,689 1,563 98,602 Paid related to: Current year 59,839 13,275 12,839 1,474 87,427 Prior years 5,987 1,697 1,637 49 9,370 Total paid 65,826 14,972 14,476 1,523 96,797 Balance, December 31, 2021, net 9,822 2,286 2,014 98 14,220 Plus: Reinsurance recoverables 23 — — — 23 Balance, December 31, 2021 $ 9,845 $ 2,286 $ 2,014 $ 98 $ 14,243 Reinsurance recoverables related to medical claims are included in premium and trade receivables. Changes in estimates of incurred claims for prior years were primarily attributable to reserving under moderately adverse conditions, including residual pandemic impacts and continued integration activities. Additionally, as a result of minimum HBR and other return of premium programs, the Company recorded approximately $382 million, $198 million and $492 million of the "Incurred related to: Prior years" as a reduction to premium revenues in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Further, claims processing and coordination of benefits initiatives yielded claim payment recoveries related to dates of service from prior years. Changes in medical utilization and cost trends and the effect of population health management initiatives may also contribute to changes in medical claim liability estimates. While the Company has evidence that population health management initiatives are effective on a case by case basis, population health management initiatives primarily focus on events and behaviors prior to the incurrence of the medical event and generation of a claim. Accordingly, any change in behavior, leveling of care or coordination of treatment occurs prior to claim generation and as a result, the costs prior to the population health management initiative are not known by the Company. Additionally, certain population health management initiatives are focused on member and provider education with the intent of influencing behavior to appropriately align the medical services provided with the member's acuity. In these cases, determining whether the population health management initiative changed the behavior cannot be determined. Because of the complexity of its business, the number of states in which it operates and the volume of claims that it processes, the Company is unable to practically quantify the impact of these initiatives on its changes in estimates of IBNR. The Company reviews actual and anticipated experience compared to the assumptions used to establish medical costs. The Company establishes premium deficiency reserves if actual and anticipated experience indicates that existing policy liabilities together with the present value of future gross premiums will not be sufficient to cover the present value of future benefits, settlement and maintenance costs. Information about incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2023 is included in the table below. The claims development information for all periods preceding the most recent reporting period is considered required supplementary information. Consolidated incurred and paid claims development as of December 31, 2023 is as follows ($ in millions): Cumulative Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 100,385 $ 99,087 $ 99,077 2022 112,896 110,870 2023 120,680 Total incurred claims $ 330,627 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 87,427 $ 98,024 $ 98,645 2022 97,799 109,680 2023 104,725 Total payment of incurred claims 313,050 All outstanding liabilities prior to 2021, net of reinsurance 124 Medical claims liability, net of reinsurance $ 17,701 Incurred and paid claims development for the Medicaid segment as of December 31, 2023 is as follows ($ in millions): Cumulative Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 68,720 $ 67,682 $ 67,628 2022 76,344 74,861 2023 79,747 Total incurred claims $ 222,236 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 59,838 $ 66,903 $ 67,436 2022 66,220 74,125 2023 69,904 Total payment of incurred claims 211,465 All outstanding liabilities prior to 2021, net of reinsurance 38 Medical claims liability, net of reinsurance $ 10,809 Incurred and paid claims development for the Medicare segment as of December 31, 2023 is as follows ($ in millions): Cumulative Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 15,388 $ 15,330 $ 15,337 2022 19,475 19,124 2023 19,487 Total incurred claims $ 53,948 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 13,275 $ 15,178 $ 15,187 2022 16,276 18,818 2023 16,631 Total payment of incurred claims 50,636 All outstanding liabilities prior to 2021, net of reinsurance 50 Medical claims liability, net of reinsurance $ 3,362 Incurred and paid claims development for the Commercial segment as of December 31, 2023 is as follows ($ in millions): Cumulative Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 14,706 $ 14,519 $ 14,556 2022 14,296 14,110 2023 19,966 Total incurred claims $ 48,632 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 12,840 $ 14,387 $ 14,466 2022 12,556 13,963 2023 16,823 Total payment of incurred claims 45,252 All outstanding liabilities prior to 2021, net of reinsurance 36 Medical claims liability, net of reinsurance $ 3,416 Incurred and paid claims development for the Other segment as of December 31, 2023 is as follows ($ in millions): Cumulative Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 1,571 $ 1,556 $ 1,556 2022 2,781 2,775 2023 1,480 Total incurred claims $ 5,811 Cumulative Paid Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance For the Year Ended December 31, Claim Year 2021 (unaudited) 2022 (unaudited) 2023 2021 $ 1,474 $ 1,556 $ 1,556 2022 2,747 2,774 2023 1,367 Total payment of incurred claims 5,697 All outstanding liabilities prior to 2021, net of reinsurance — Medical claims liability, net of reinsurance $ 114 Incurred claims and allocated claim adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance, total IBNR plus expected development on reported claims and cumulative claims data as of December 31, 2023 are included in the following table. For claims frequency information summarized below, a claim is defined as the financial settlement of a single medical event in which remuneration was paid to the servicing provider. Total IBNR plus expected development on reported claims represents estimates for claims incurred but not reported, development on reported claims and estimates for the costs necessary to process unpaid claims at the end of each period. The Company estimates its liability using actuarial methods that are commonly used by health insurance actuaries and meet Actuarial Standards of Practice. These actuarial methods consider factors such as historical data for payment patterns, cost trends, product mix, seasonality, utilization of healthcare services and other relevant factors. Consolidated information is summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2023 Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Total IBNR Plus Expected Development Cumulative Paid Claims 2021 $ 99,077 $ 3 624.0 2022 110,870 429 637.5 2023 120,680 11,135 599.3 Information for the Medicaid segment is summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2023 Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Total IBNR Plus Expected Development Cumulative Paid Claims 2021 $ 67,628 $ 3 376.6 2022 74,861 306 370.6 2023 79,747 6,859 327.3 Information for the Medicare segment is summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2023 Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Total IBNR Plus Expected Development Cumulative Paid Claims 2021 $ 15,337 $ — 185.9 2022 19,124 86 204.7 2023 19,487 1,783 198.4 Information for the Commercial segment is summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2023 Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Total IBNR Plus Expected Development Cumulative Paid Claims 2021 $ 14,556 $ — 60.9 2022 14,110 37 57.4 2023 19,966 2,393 69.8 Information for the Other segment is summarized as follows (in millions): December 31, 2023 Incurred Claims and Allocated Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance Total IBNR Plus Expected Development Cumulative Paid Claims 2021 $ 1,556 $ — 0.6 2022 2,775 — 4.8 2023 1,480 100 3.8 |