Northwest Biotherapeutics (NWBO) 10-K 17 Apr 18 2017 FY Annual report Financial data

Document And Entity Information

Document And Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Apr. 16, 2018	Jun. 30, 2017
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2,017
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Registrant Name	NORTHWEST BIOTHERAPEUTICS INC
Entity Central Index Key	1,072,379
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Smaller Reporting Company
Entity Public Float			$ 34,775,232
Trading Symbol	NWBO
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		414,665,188

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 117	$ 6,186
Restricted cash - interest payments held in escrow	0	685
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,285	1,013
Total current assets	1,402	7,884
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net	169	315
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom), net	47,319	44,559
Other assets	17	148
Total non-current assets	47,505	45,022
TOTAL ASSETS	48,907	52,906
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	13,015	13,239
Accounts payable and accrued expenses to related parties	5,385	23,393
Convertible notes, net	135	10,960
Notes payable, net	7,122	2,450
Notes payable to related party	1,121	310
Share settled debt, at fair value (in default)	3,308	5,200
Environmental remediation liability	6,200	6,200
Warrant liability	40,171	4,862
Mortgage loan, net	11,226	9,791
Total current liabilities	87,683	76,405
Non-current liabilities:
Note payable, net of current portion, net	2,507	3,000
Convertible notes payable, net of current portion, net	6,010	0
Total non-current liabilities	8,517	3,000
Total liabilities	96,200	79,405
Preferred stock
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Stockholders' equity (deficit):
Common stock ($0.001 par value); 450,000,000 shares authorized; 328.9 million and 157.0 million shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively	329	157
Additional paid-in capital	721,554	686,972
Accumulated deficit	(788,619)	(715,476)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(597)	1,848
Total stockholders' equity (deficit)	(67,333)	(26,499)
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) AND TEMPORARY EQUITY	48,907	52,906
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Non-current liabilities:
Preferred stock	7,439	0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Non-current liabilities:
Preferred stock	$ 12,601	$ 0

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS _Pa

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS [Parenthetical] - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Temporary equity, par or stated value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	450,000,000	450,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	328,900,000	157,000,000
Common stock, shares outstanding	328,900,000	157,000,000
Temporary Equity, Shares Authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Temporary Equity, Shares Issued	9,700,000	0
Temporary Equity, Shares Outstanding	9,700,000	0
Temporary Equity, Shares Authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Temporary Equity, Liquidation Preference	$ 17,831
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Temporary Equity, Shares Issued	5,600,000	0
Temporary Equity, Shares Outstanding	5,600,000	0
Temporary Equity, Shares Authorized	15,000,000	15,000,000
Temporary Equity, Liquidation Preference	$ 13,104

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPER

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Revenues:
Research and other	$ 336	$ 623
Total revenues	336	623
Operating costs and expenses:
Research and development	33,515	60,081
General and administrative	12,458	10,867
Legal expenses	9,041	8,941
Total operating costs and expenses	55,014	79,889
Loss from operations	(54,678)	(79,266)
Other income (expense):
Loss from assumption of Cognate BioServices debt	0	(5,680)
Inducement loss	(2,297)	(1,457)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities	(2,578)	17,891
Net loss from extinguishment of debt	(12,569)	(1,152)
Interest expense	(5,545)	(3,818)
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)	4,524	(6,732)
Net loss	(73,143)	(80,214)
Deemed dividend related to warrant modification	0	(5,647)
Deemed dividend on convertible preferred stock	(1,266)	0
Net loss applicable to common stockholders	$ (74,409)	$ (85,861)
Net loss per share applicable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$ (0.31)	$ (0.77)
Net earnings (loss) per share applicable to common stockholders
Weighted average shares used in computing basic and diluted loss per share	242,849	111,078

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMP

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net loss	$ (73,143)	$ (80,214)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(2,445)	1,971
Total comprehensive loss	$ (75,588)	$ (78,243)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHAN

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Accumulated Deficit [Member]	Cumulative Translation Adjustment [Member]
Balance at Dec. 31, 2015	$ (4,676)	$ 96	$ 630,613	$ (635,262)	$ (123)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015		95,858
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering	19,987	$ 42	19,945	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering(in shares)		41,857
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(1,877)	$ 0	(1,877)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering	2,206	$ 7	2,199	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (in shares)		6,377
Warrants exercised for cash	8,066	$ 15	8,051	0	0
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)		15,357
Offering costs related to warrants exercise	(795)	$ 0	(795)	0	0
Modification on warrant exercise price	5,647	0	5,647	0	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	1,872	0	1,872	0	0
Deemed dividend related to warrant exercise price modification	(5,647)	0	(5,647)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	3,021	$ 6	3,015	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)		6,035
Common stock issued as compensation	127	$ 0	127	0	0
Common stock issued as compensation (in shares)		250
Return of common stock and warrants from Cognate	0	$ (8)	8	0	0
Return of common stock and warrants from Cognate (in Shares)		(8,052)
Extinguishment of shares payable related to Cognate	22,539	$ 0	22,539	0	0
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	10,131	0	10,131	0	0
Shares payment due to Cognate BioServices	(8,885)	$ (1)	(8,884)	0	0
Shares payment due to Cognate BioServices (in Shares)		(732)
Net loss	(80,214)	$ 0	0	(80,214)	0
Cumulative translation adjustment	1,971	0	0	0	1,971
Balance at Dec. 31, 2016	(26,499)	$ 157	686,972	(715,476)	1,848
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		157,028
Issuance of common stock for accounts payable conversion	28	$ 0	28	0	0
Issuance of common stock for accounts payable conversion (in shares)		78
Beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible preferred stock	276	$ 0	276	0	0
Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible preferred stock	(276)	0	(276)	0	0
Beneficial conversion feature of Series B convertible preferred stock	366	0	366	0	0
Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible preferred stock	(366)	0	(366)	0	0
Issuance of common stock for conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock	680	$ 4	676	0	0
Issuance of common stock for conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock (in shares)		4,000
Deemed dividends on conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock	(624)	$ 0	(624)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering	2,540	$ 29	2,511	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in a registered direct offering(in shares)		28,979
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(856)	$ 0	(856)	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering	983	$ 12	971	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for cash in private offering (in shares)		11,951
Warrants exercised for cash	2,866	$ 24	2,842	0	0
Warrants exercised for cash (in shares)		23,758
Offering costs related to warrants exercise	(229)	$ 0	(229)	0	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	2,162	0	2,162	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	15,640	$ 76	15,564	0	0
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest (in shares)		76,073
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	3,054	$ 0	3,054	0	0
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	0	3,750	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	1,892	$ 11	1,881	0	0
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock (in shares)		11,500
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes	2,054	$ 7	2,047	0	0
Common stock issued for extinguishment of 2014 senior convertible notes (in shares)		7,090
Stock-based compensation	842	$ 2	840	0	0
Stock-based compensation (in shares)		1,538
Net loss	(73,143)	$ 0	0	(73,143)	0
Cumulative translation adjustment	(2,445)	0	0	0	(2,445)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2017	(67,333)	$ 329	721,554	(788,619)	(597)
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017		328,857
Cashless warrants exercise	$ 0	$ 7	$ (7)	$ 0	$ 0
Cashless warrants exercise (in shares)		6,940

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHA7

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) [Parenthetical] $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 40,171
Direct Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	7,000
Private Offering [Member]
Derivative Liability, Current	$ 1,100

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Loss	$ (73,143)	$ (80,214)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	439	189
Amortization of debt discount	1,516	850
Non-cash interest expense	407	0
Change in fair value of derivatives	2,578	(17,891)
Inducement loss	2,297	1,457
Loss from extinguishment of debt	12,119	1,152
Loss from assumption of Cognate BioServices share settled debt (in default)	0	5,680
Non-cash research and development cost related to Cognate settlement	8,395	0
Stock-based compensation	842	127
Stock issued to Cognate BioServices under Cognate Agreements	0	13,654
Subtotal of non-cash charges	28,593	5,218
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(281)	366
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	501	1,037
Related party accounts payable and accrued expenses	7,704	17,899
Other non-current assets	131	42
Net cash used in operating activities	(36,495)	(55,652)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment	(8)	(4,939)
Refund of leasehold improvement related to UK construction	220	0
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	212	(4,939)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in a registered direct offering	9,509	19,987
Offering cost related to registered direct offering	(856)	(1,077)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in private offering	2,117	6,417
Proceeds from exercise of warrants	2,866	8,066
Offering cost related to warrants exercise	(229)	(795)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable, net	9,564	5,450
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable to related party	2,805	260
Repayment of notes payable to related parties	(1,994)	0
Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes payable, net	1,604	0
Repayment of convertible notes payable	(3,258)	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	34,290	38,308
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(4,761)	6,106
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(6,754)	(16,177)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of the year	6,871	23,048
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of the year	117	6,871
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(47)	0
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible stock	276	0
Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of Series B convertible stock	366	0
Deemed dividend related to modification of warrant	0	5,647
Issuance of debt with debt discount	0	310
Return of common stock and warrants from Cognate BioServices, Inc.	0	8
Extinguishment of shares payable related to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	0	22,539
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	0	10,131
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	1,892	0
Issuance of common stock for accounts payable conversion	0	28
Issuance of common stock and warrants for conversion of debt and accrued interest	11,979	0
Accrued renewal fee incurred from mortgage loan	521	488
Embedded conversion features with issuance of secured convertible notes	1,826	0
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	2,162	825
Reclassification of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrant exercises	3,054	0
Cashless warrants exercise	7	0
Issuance of warrants in conjunction with note payable	139	0
Forgiveness of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc.	3,750	0
Offering costs payable	0	800
Issuance of common stock for conversion of accrued interest	0	1,869
Deemed dividends on conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock	624	0
Exchange 2014 Senior Convertible Notes [Member]
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Issuance of debt with debt discount	5,175	0
New Notes Payable [Member]
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	2,410	0
Mortgage Loan [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(1,283)	(1,784)
Convertible Notes Payable [Member]
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest payments	(485)	(550)
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series A (Series B) convertible preferred stock and warrants, net	11,293	0
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of Stock, Amount Converted	276	0
Issuance of common stock for conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock	680	0
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of Series A (Series B) convertible preferred stock and warrants, net	869	0
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of Stock, Amount Converted	366	0
Series A Preferred Stock And Warrants [Member]
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of Stock, Amount Converted	1,090	0
Series A And Series B Preferred Stock And Warrants [Member]
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of share settled debt into common stock	$ 21,963	$ 0

Organization and Description of

Organization and Description of Business	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure [Text Block]	Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries NW Bio Gmbh, and Aracaris Capital, Ltd (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our”) were organized to discover and develop innovative immunotherapies for cancer. The Company is developing an experimental dendritic cell vaccine using its platform technology known as DCVax. DCVax is currently being tested for use in the treatment of certain types of cancers. Cognate BioServices, Inc. (“Cognate BioServices”), which is a company related by common ownership (Note 9), provides the Company with mission critical contract manufacturing services, research and development services, distribution and logistics, and related services, in compliance with the Company’s specifications and the applicable regulatory requirements for clinical grade cellular products. The Company and Cognate BioServices are currently parties to a series of contracts providing for these services as more fully described below. The Company is dependent on Cognate BioServices to provide the manufacturing services, and any interruption of such services could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to proceed with its clinical trials. Cognate BioServices’ manufacturing facility for clinical-grade cellular products is located in Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, a former Cognate affiliate in the UK (which was formerly part of Cognate BioServices, and is now known as Advent BioServices, a related party relationship to the Company) is preparing for production of DCVax-L products there. The Company and Advent BioServices are in the process of developing contract arrangements for manufacturing and related services for the U.K. and Europe. On February 20, 2018, Cognate BioServices transferred 2.9 29.4 0.22 Although there are many contract manufacturers for small molecule drugs and for biologics, there are only a few contract manufacturers in the U.S., and even fewer in Europe, that specialize in producing living cell products and that have a track record of success with regulatory authorities. The manufacturing of living cell products is highly specialized and entirely different than production of biologics: the physical facilities and equipment are different, the types of personnel and skill sets are different, and the processes are different. The regulatory requirements relating to manufacturing and cellular products are especially challenging and are one of the most frequent reasons for the development of a company’s cellular products to be put on clinical hold (i.e., stopped by regulatory authorities). In addition, the Company’s programs require dedicated capacity in these specialized manufacturing facilities. The Company’s products are fully personalized and not made in standardized batches: the Company’s products are made on demand, patient by patient, on an as needed basis.

Liquidity, Financial Condition

Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Liquidity [Abstract]
Liquidity and Financial Condition [Text Block]	The Company used approximately $ 36.5 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company raised approximately $ 39.5 5.0 73.1 1.4 86.3 5.4 3.75 The Company has not yet generated any material revenue from the sale of its products and is subject to all of the risks and uncertainties that are typically faced by biotechnology companies that devote substantially all of their efforts to R&D and clinical trials and do not yet have commercial products. The Company expects to continue incurring losses for the foreseeable future. The Company’s existing liquidity is not sufficient to fund its operations, anticipated capital expenditures, working capital and other financing requirements until the Company reaches significant revenues. Until that time, the Company will need to obtain additional equity and/or debt financing, especially if the Company experiences downturns in its business that are more severe or longer than anticipated, or if the Company experiences significant increases in expense levels resulting from being a publicly-traded company or from expansion of operations. If the Company attempts to obtain additional equity or debt financing, the Company cannot assume that such financing will be available to the Company on favorable terms, or at all. Because of recurring operating losses, net operating cash flow deficits, and an accumulated deficit, there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year from the date of this filing. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern, and do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets, or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Summary of Significant Accounti

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the wholly owned subsidiaries in Germany and the United Kingdom. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation The Company’s policy is to consolidate all entities in which it can vote a majority of the outstanding voting stock. In addition, the Company consolidates entities which meet the definition of a variable interest entity (VIE) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, if any. The primary beneficiary is the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and who has an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Cash consists of funds deposited in checking accounts. Accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") up to $ 250,000 The Company records cash held in an escrow account to secure certain debt interest obligations as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $ 0 0.7 Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided for using straight-line methods, in amounts sufficient to charge the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. For more details see Note 6. The Company assesses its long-lived assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. To analyze recoverability, the Company projects undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining lives of such assets. If these projected undiscounted net future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts, an impairment loss would be recognized, resulting in a write-down of the assets with a corresponding charge to earnings. The impairment loss is measured based upon the difference between the carrying amounts and the fair values of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amounts or fair value less cost to sell. Management determines fair value using the discounted cash flow method or other accepted valuation techniques. Accordingly, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, an assessment was undertaken to determine whether the assets of the Company might be impaired. From time to time the Company asks its real estate experts in the UK to provide a valuation of its UK property. The Company’s estimate of undiscounted cash flows indicated that such carrying amounts were expected to be recovered, and therefore there was no impairment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Of course, it is possible that the estimate of undiscounted cash flows could change at some time in the future, resulting in a need at that time to write down such assets to fair value. In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply, and the fair value of environmental remediation liabilities. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, provides guidance on the development and disclosure of fair value measurements. Under this accounting guidance, fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The accounting guidance classifies fair value measurements in one of the following three categories for disclosure purposes: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 prices for similar assets or liabilities that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3: Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate their fair values. As of December 31, 2017, the carrying amount of the notes payable approximate fair value as its interest rate approximates current market rates. The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model. The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The reduction in the liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up is included in other income (expense). As of December 31, 2017, the Company estimates that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will amount to approximately $ 6.2 6.2 4.6 33.4 The Company has operations in Germany and the United Kingdom in addition to the U.S. The Company translated its assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using end of period exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average rates. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity (deficit). The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, is excluded from net loss. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the terms stipulated under the patient service contract. In various situations, the Company receives certain payments for DCVax®-L for patient treatment. These payments are non-refundable, and are not dependent on the Company’s ongoing future performance. Due to potential collectability issues with patients, the Company has adopted a policy of recognizing these payments as revenue when received. Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors (collectively "CROs"). These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestones achieved. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued when services are performed. The Company monitors patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities through internal reviews of data that is tracked by the CROs under contractual arrangements, correspondence with the CROs and visits to clinical sites. Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs. The Company recognizes income taxes on an accrual basis based on tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns. A tax position is defined as a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Tax positions are recognized only when it is more likely than not (i.e., likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, that the position would be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold are measured using a probability-weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if all, or some portion, of such assets will more than likely not be realized. Should they occur, our policy is to classify interest and penalties related to tax positions as income tax expense. Since our inception, no such interest or penalties have been incurred, however prior to 1998 the Company was a limited liability company and the Company’s tax losses and credits generally flowed directly to the members. On December 22, 2017, legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, was signed in to law. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21 34 78.3 78.3 On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Act. The accounting is expected to be complete when the 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in 2018. The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees and Board members over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. Stock-based awards with graded-vesting schedules are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. For stock-based compensation awards to non-employees, the Company remeasures the fair value of the non-employee awards at each reporting period prior to vesting and finally at the vesting date of the award. Changes in the estimated fair value of these non-employee awards are recognized as compensation expense in the period of change. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Expected Term Expected Volatility Risk-Free Interest Rate Expected Dividend The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with performance conditions deemed probable of being achieved and vesting are amortized to expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method of expense recognition. Effective on January 1, 2017, the Company elected to account for forfeited awards as they occur as permitted by Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09. Ultimately, the actual expenses recognized over the vesting period will be for those shares that vested. Prior to making this election, the Company estimated a forfeiture rate for awards at 0 The Company accounts for the income or loss from extinguishment of debt by comparing the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt being extinguished and recognizes this as gain or loss when the debt is extinguished. The gain or loss from debt extinguishment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations under "other income (expense)" as loss from extinguishment of convertible debt. Share-settled debt may settle by providing the holder with a variable number of shares with an aggregate fair value equaling the debt principal outstanding. (In some cases, a discount to the fair value of the share price may be used to determine the number of shares to be delivered, resulting in settlement at a premium.) Share-settled debt was analyzed to determine that the share settled debt does not contain a beneficial conversion feature or contingent beneficial conversion feature. Share-settled debt is recorded at fair value. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. The Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares, which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control, as temporary equity (‘mezzanine’) until such time as the conditions are removed or lapse. As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors. Basic loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Any potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net losses. For the years presented, there is no difference between the basic and diluted net loss per share. The Company operates in one reportable segment and, accordingly, no segment disclosures have been presented herein. Compensation-Stock Compensation In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In January 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Statement of Cash Flows In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses specific cash flow classification issues where there is currently diversity in practice including debt prepayment and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Revenue from Contracts with Customer In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (ASU 2014-09) as modified by ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” The revenue recognition principle in ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, new and enhanced disclosures will be required. Companies may adopt the new standard either using the full retrospective approach, a modified retrospective approach with practical expedients, or a cumulative effect upon adoption approach. The Company will continue to book revenue under its current method. The Company plans to apply ASC 606 revenue recognition once revenue from contracts with customers is material. Leases In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Leases (Topic 840) Compensation-Stock Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features In July 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption in any interim period permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees and Board members over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. Stock-based awards with graded-vesting schedules are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. For stock-based compensation awards to non-employees, the Company remeasures the fair value of the non-employee awards at each reporting period prior to vesting and finally at the vesting date of the award. Changes in the estimated fair value of these non-employee awards are recognized as compensation expense in the period of change. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Expected Term Expected Volatility Risk-Free Interest Rate Expected Dividend The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with performance conditions deemed probable of being achieved and vesting are amortized to expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method of expense recognition. Effective on January 1, 2017, the Company elected to account for forfeited awards as they occur as permitted by Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09. Ultimately, the actual expenses recognized over the vesting period will be for those shares that vested. Prior to making this election, the Company estimated a forfeiture rate for awards at 0 The Company accounts for the income or loss from extinguishment of debt by comparing the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt being extinguished and recognizes this as gain or loss when the debt is extinguished. The gain or loss from debt extinguishment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations under "other income (expense)" as loss from extinguishment of convertible debt. Share-settled debt may settle by providing the holder with a variable number of shares with an aggregate fair value equaling the debt principal outstanding. (In some cases, a discount to the fair value of the share price may be used to determine the number of shares to be delivered, resulting in settlement at a premium.) Share-settled debt was analyzed to determine that the share settled debt does not contain a beneficial conversion feature or contingent beneficial conversion feature. Share-settled debt is recorded at fair value. Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. The Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares, which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control, as temporary equity (‘mezzanine’) until such time as the conditions are removed or lapse. As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors. Basic loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Any potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net losses. For the years presented, there is no difference between the basic and diluted net loss per share. The Company operates in one reportable segment and, accordingly, no segment disclosures have been presented herein. Compensation-Stock Compensation In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In January 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Statement of Cash Flows In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses specific cash flow classification issues where there is currently diversity in practice including debt prepayment and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. Revenue from Contracts with Customer In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (ASU 2014-09) as modified by ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” The revenue recognition principle in ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, new and enhanced disclosures will be required. Companies may adopt the new standard either using the full retrospective approach, a modified retrospective approach with practical expedients, or a cumulative effect upon adoption approach. The Company will continue to book revenue under its current method. The Company plans to apply ASC 606 revenue recognition once revenue from contracts with customers is material. Leases In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Leases (Topic 840) Compensation-Stock Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features In July 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption in any interim period permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]	4. Fair Value Measurements Derivative Warrants Granted in 2017 & 2016 During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company issued approximately 362 31 2017 Warrants Granted Associated with Modification/ Public and Private Debt Extinguishment of Offering Conversion Issuance of Debt Warrant Liabilities Strike price $ 0.34 $ 0.44 $ 0.19 $ 0.25 Contractual term (years) 2.2 2.6 2.0 3.7 Volatility (annual) 112 % 107 % 113 % 107 % Risk-free rate 2 % 1 % 1 % 2 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 2016 Warrants Granted Associated with Public and Private Debt Offering Conversion Issuance of Debt Strike price $ 0.36 $ 0.48 $ 0.35 Contractual term (years) 5.0 5.5 2.2 Volatility (annual) 99 % 137 % 84 % Risk-free rate 2 % 1 % 1 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 % Embedded Conversion Features in 2017 Conversion price $ 0.41 Contractual term (years) 1.9 Volatility (annual) 97 % Risk-free rate 1 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % Fair value measured at December 31, 2017 Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant Fair value at markets observable inputs unobservable inputs December 31, 2017 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Warrant liability $ 40,171 $ - $ - $ 40,171 Embedded conversion feature 2,608 - - 2,608 Share-settled debt (in default) 3,308 - - 3,308 Total fair value $ 46,087 $ - $ - $ 46,087 Fair value measured at December 31, 2016 Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant Fair value at markets observable inputs unobservable inputs December 31, 2016 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Warrant liability $ 4,862 $ - $ - $ 4,862 Share-settled debt (in default) 5,200 - - 5,200 Total fair value $ 10,062 $ - $ - $ 10,062 There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Embedded Share-settled Warrant Conversion Debt Liability Feature (in Default) Total Balance – January 1, 2016 $ 27,982 $ - $ - $ 27,982 Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate (10,131) - - (10,131) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash (415) - - (415) Warrants granted 5,317 - - 5,317 Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate - - 5,680 5,680 Conversion of share-settled debt - - (480) (480) Change in fair value (17,891) - - (17,891) Balance – December 31, 2016 4,862 - 5,200 10,062 Warrants granted related to: Public and private offering 19,623 - - 19,623 Debt conversion 7,543 - - 7,543 Issuance of debt 139 - - 139 Cognate accounts payable settlement 11,204 - - 11,204 Modification of warrant liabilities 3,048 - - 3,048 Sub-total 41,557 - - 41,557 Issuance of convertible notes - 4,262 - 4,262 Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion - (5,264) - (5,264) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash (2,162) - - (2,162) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise (3,054) - - (3,054) Conversion of share-settled debt - - (1,892) (1,892) Change in fair value (1,032) 3,610 - 2,578 Balance –December 31, 2017 $ 40,171 $ 2,608 $ 3,308 $ 46,087 As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Warrant Embedded Warrant Liability Conversion Feature Liability Strike price $ 0.31 $ 0.50 $ 0.60 Contractual term (years) 2.6 2.5 4.7 Volatility (annual) 110 % 102 % 98 % Risk-free rate 2 % 2 % 2 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 %

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based Compensation	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]	5. Stock-based Compensation Common Stock issued to Related Party The Company issued 175,000 86,000 Stock Options On June 13, 2017, the Company granted options (the “Options”) to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Shares”) to Dr. Marnix Bosch, the Chief Technical Officer of the Company, and Dr. Alton Boynton, the Chief Scientific Officer of the Company. The Options were granted pursuant to the Second Amended and Restated Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 2007 Stock Plan (the “Equity Plan”). The Equity Plan provided for awards of various types of equity securities (including common stock, restricted stock units, options and/or other derivative securities) to employees and directors of the Company. Dr. Bosch received Options exercisable for approximately 7.9 million Shares and Dr. Boynton received Options exercisable for approximately 3.4 million Shares. The Options are exercisable at a price of $0.25 per share, and have a 5-year exercise period. The Options were extended to 10 years during Q1 2018. The Options granted to Dr. Bosch and Dr. Boynton are subject to vesting requirements. 50% of the Options vested on the grant date, and 50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient. Number of Shares Weighted Average Weighted Total Intrinsic Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 1,551 $ 10.56 1.9 $ - Granted 11,343 0.25 4.5 - Forfeited/expired (238) 9.90 - - Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 12,656 $ 1.32 4.1 - Options vested and exercisable 7,964 $ 1.38 4.0 $ - For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Exercise price $ 0.25 Expected term (years) 2.8 Expected stock price volatility 96 % Risk-free rate of interest 2 % As of December 30, 2017, there was approximately $0.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the plans for employee stock options. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.5 years. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of approximately $0.8 million and $13.6 million, which was included as part of research and development expenses for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment Disclosure [Text Block]	6. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment consist of the following at December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, December 31, Estimated 2017 2016 Useful Life Leasehold improvements $ 81 $ 69 Lesser of lease term or estimated useful life Office furniture and equipment 25 25 3 years Computer equipment and software 622 626 3 years 728 720 Less: accumulated depreciation (559) (405) Total property, plant and equipment, net $ 169 $ 315 Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)* $ 47,604 $ 44,559 15 years Less: accumulated depreciation (285) - Total Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom), net $ 47,319 $ 44,559 * Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building improvement costs. Depreciation expense was approximately $ 439,000 189,000

Notes Payable

Notes Payable	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt Disclosure [Text Block]	7. Notes Payable Stated Remaining Remaining Fair Value of Interest Conversion Debt Debt Embedded Carrying Maturity Date Rate Price Face Value Discount Premium Conversion Option Value Short term convertible notes payable 6% unsecured (1) Due 6 % $ 3.09 $ 135 $ - $ - $ - $ 135 10% unsecured (2) Due* 10 % $ 0.16 - - - - - 135 - - - 135 Short term notes payable 8% unsecured (3) 9/3/2018 and 12/5/2018 8 % N/A 2,007 - 355 - 2,362 8% unsecured (4) 6/30/2018 8 % N/A 1,655 (103) - - 1,552 10% unsecured (5) On Demand 10 % N/A 650 - - - 650 12% unsecured (6a) On Demand 12 % N/A 440 (82) - - 358 8% unsecured (6b) On Demand 8 % N/A 2,200 - - - 2,200 6,952 (185) 355 - 7,122 Short term notes payable - related parties 10% unsecured - Related Parties (7) On Demand 10 % N/A 1,071 - - - 1,071 12% unsecured - Related Parties (7) On Demand 12 % N/A 50 - - - 50 1,121 - - - 1,121 Share-settled debt, at fair value (8) In Default 18 % $ 0.24 3,308 - - - 3,308 Short term mortgage loan (9) 8/16/2018 & 11/16/18 12 % N/A 11,629 (403) - - 11,226 Long term convertible notes payable 12% secured convertible notes (10) 6/21/2020 12 % $ 0.50 5,350 (1,948) - 2,608 6,010 Long term notes payable 8% unsecured (11) 6/20/2019 8 % N/A 2,880 (373) - - 2,507 Ending balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 31,375 $ (2,909) $ 355 $ 2,608 $ 31,429 * Fully paid back as of December 31, 2017 Stated Remaining Interest Conversion Debt Carrying Maturity Date Rate Price Face Value Discount Value Short term convertible notes payable 6% unsecured (1) Due 6 % $ 3.09 $ 135 $ - $ 135 5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (10) 8/15/2017 5 % $ 6.60 11,000 (175) 10,825 11,135 (175) 10,960 Short term notes payable 10% unsecured (2) 11/4/2017 10 % N/A 2,450 - 2,450 Short term notes payable - related parties (7) 10% unsecured - Related Parties On Demand 10 % N/A 50 - 50 12% unsecured - Related Parties On Demand 12 % N/A 260 - 260 310 - 310 Share-settled debt, at fair value (8) In Default 18 % $ 0.35 5,200 - 5,200 Mortgage loan (9) 11/16/17 & 8/13/17 12 % N/A 10,156 (365) 9,791 Long term note payable 8% unsecured note (4) 6/30/2018 8 % N/A 3,310 (310) 3,000 Ending balance as of December 31, 2016 $ 32,561 $ (850) $ 31,711 (1) This $ 135,000 110,000 25,000 (2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $ 2.45 10 1 On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $ 1,450,000 3 1.4 On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $ 258,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $ 2.4 407,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 5.8 43.8 0.53 4.6 Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (3) On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Old Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Old Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Old Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Old Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. On October 17, 2017 and November 8, 2017, the Company entered into two Exchange Agreement with the holder of the Old Notes to convert an aggregate $2,310,000 principal and $100,000 accrued interest into two new promissory notes (the “New Notes”). The two New Notes had original principal amount of $1,214,000 and $1,196,000, respectively. The New Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, and will be due on September 3, 2018 and December 5, 2018, respectively. The net book value of the Old notes and fair value of the New Notes as of the exchange date were approximately $2,382,000 and $2,764,000, respectively. The company recorded approximately $382,000 debt extinguishment loss from these exchanges. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company converted approximately $403,000 principal and $16,000 accrued interest of the New Notes into approximately 3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $649,000. The Company recorded approximately $231,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (4) On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $ 3.3 8 18 300,000 10,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.7 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 13.1 million shares of common stock at fair value of $2.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $0.8 million debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (5) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. (6a) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants. (6b) On December 29, 2017, the Company entered a promissory note agreements (the “Note”) with a third party for principal amount of $2.2 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum, and is payable upon demand. (7) Related Party Notes Goldman Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,335,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $1,230,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $414,000 as of December 31, 2017. Toucan Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $764,000 of the Toucan Notes. The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $407,000 as of December 31, 2017. Board of Directors Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. No repayments have been made on any of these notes. The full principal amounts remained outstanding as of December 31, 2017. (8) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.9 million of outstanding share-settled debt. (9) The two mortgage loans were originally due in August 2017 and November 2017, and have been renewed for additional one year until August 16, 2018 and November 16, 2018. The Company recorded $521,000 renewal fees during the year ended (10) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the year ended December 31, 2017, through a series of transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million shares of common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below. 2017 Secured Convertible Notes On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Also, on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes. The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (11) On December 20, 2017, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,880,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 2 years term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $375,000 and $5,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes: Contractual interest $ 424 $ 551 Amortization of debt issuance costs 175 282 Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes 599 833 Interest expenses related to other notes: Contractual interest 1,924 1,152 Additional debt premium 407 - Amortization of debt discount 846 - Total interest expenses related to other notes 3,177 1,152 Interest expenses related to mortgage loan: Contractual interest 1,263 1,259 Amortization of debt issuance costs 495 568 Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan 1,758 1,827 Other interest expenses 11 6 Total interest expense $ 5,545 $ 3,818

Net Loss per Share Applicable t

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Earnings Per Share [Text Block]	8. Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders Basic loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted loss per common share is computed similar to basic loss per common share except that it reflects the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Series A convertible preferred stock 97,200 - Series B convertible preferred stock 55,819 - Common stock options 12,656 1,551 Common stock warrants - equity treatment 30,838 38,241 Common stock warrants - liability treatment 289,568 20,037 Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value 18,211 15,429 Convertible notes and accrued interest 15,735 1,766 Potentially dilutive securities 520,027 77,024

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]
Related Party Transactions Disclosure [Text Block]	9. Related Party Transactions Cognate BioServices, Inc. The Company and Cognate BioServices entered into a DCVax-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and a DCVax-Direct Manufacturing Services Agreement, both effective January 17, 2014, and those Agreements followed and superseded Manufacturing Services Agreements in 2011 and 2007. The 2007 and 2011 Agreements had provided for baseline charges to the Company per month for dedicated manufacturing capacity, and the 2014 DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct Manufacturing Services Agreements also provide for such baseline charges. These minimum charges reflect the fact that the manufacturing suites and capacity that are going to be used for production of the Company’s DCVax products ideally must be dedicated exclusively to the DCVax products and cannot be used to produce numerous different clients’ products in batches on a “campaign” basis, as is usually the case in contract manufacturing facilities. See description in Note 1 above. The capacity charges in the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct Agreements entered into in January 2014 were increased in connection with the expansion of DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct production needed for the Company’s growing programs and requested by the Company. Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension. Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program. For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows: ⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or after the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $ 3 ⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $ 5 For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows: ⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $ 1.5 ⋅ After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $ 2.0 ⋅ After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or after the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $ 3.0 ⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $ 5.0 As of December 31, 2017, no shut-down or suspension fees were triggered. In addition, while our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. Nasdaq Remediation Plan As previously reported, on April 26, 2016, the Nasdaq Staff notified the Company that it had reviewed certain stock issuances by the Company to Cognate during 2014 and 2015, and that the Staff had determined that those issuances should be aggregated for purposes of applying Nasdaq rules. Under Nasdaq rules, for purposes of measuring against the limit of 20 The Company proposed a remediation plan (the “Remediation Plan”) that Cognate would surrender certain shares and warrants it had received in connection with the Contracts, Cognate would accept an increase in the exercise price of certain warrants received in connection with the Contracts, and the most favored nation anti-dilution provisions would be deleted from the Contracts. The Remediation Plan was accepted by the Nasdaq staff on August 30, 2016. Pursuant to the Remediation Plan: (a) Cognate returned and the Company canceled 8,052,092 (b) Cognate returned and the Company canceled warrants for 6,880,574 4,305,772 4.27 5 (c) Cognate returned and the Company canceled 731,980 5,101,330 732 The remaining portions of the multi-year lock-up and vesting periods relating to shares and warrants held by Cognate were also cancelled. The Nasdaq settlement does not affect other obligations of the Company to Cognate, including for existing unpaid invoices, as the Company has previously reported. Settlements of 2016 and 2017 Obligations to Cognate; As previously reported, on December 31, 2017, the Company and Cognate entered into settlement agreements with Cognate BioServices, Inc. (the “Cognate Settlement Agreement”) for unpaid invoices and obligations for 2016 and 2017 (the “Cognate Obligations”) and for temporary reduction in the contractual amounts owed for 2017. The Company and Cognate negotiated an overall settlement for amounts owed to Cognate for 2016 and 2017, to reduce the amounts otherwise due under the contracts and at the conclusion the remaining accounts payable to Cognate BioServices, Inc. was approximately $4.5 million . According to the Cognate Settlement Agreement, approximately $22.0 million of the Cognate Obligations were satisfied through the issuance to Cognate of 2.9 million shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and 5.2 million shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock. Each share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock are convertible into 10 shares of Common Stock. The Company also issued Cognate 29.4 million shares of Class D-1 Warrants with exercise price of $0.22 per share and 52 million shares of Class D-2 Warrants with exercise price of $0.30 per share. Unpaid invoices for 2016 and 2017 $ (21,963) Fair value of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 6,919 Fair value of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock 12,235 Fair value of Class D-1 and Class D-2 warrants 11,204 Additional research and development cost recorded from Cognate settlement $ 8,395 Cognate Expenses and Accounts Payable As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company owed Cognate and Advent BioServices $ 5.2 and 23.4 For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Cognate and Advent BioServices research and development cost - services $ 16,227 $ 34,665 Stock issued to and returned by Cognate - 13,654 Research and development cost from Cognate settlement 8,395 - Total $ 24,622 $ 48,319 Share Based Payments On September 7, 2016, under the Company’s Remediation Agreement with Nasdaq, Cognate returned 8,052,092 vested shares to the Company. The Company cancelled them and recorded this as a reduction in shares outstanding. Cognate also held 731,980 unvested shares at that time. Cognate returned those 731,980 shares to the Company and the Company cancelled them as well. At the time, the development expense associated with the 731,980 shares was $221,000. Shares payable to related party - elimination of most favored nation provision Shares and warrants previously issued to Cognate in partial payment of invoices for manufacturing services were under a 3-year lock-up, which had been in place since January 2014. The lock-up prevented Cognate from selling the shares received. During the lock-up, if the Company entered into a transaction with other investors or creditors on more favorable terms than Cognate received, the Company had an ongoing obligation, under the Manufacturing Services Agreements, to conform the terms of Cognate’s shares and warrants to the same terms as the other investors or creditors, under a most favored nation provision. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company entered into several financings with unrelated institutional investors that triggered the most favored nation provision. However, these most favored nation shares were never issued to Cognate. Under the Remediation Agreement, Cognate agreed to eliminate the most favored nation provisions, and to forego these shares that had already been triggered. As a result of the elimination of the most favored nation, the Company reclassified $ 22.5 Forgiveness of Certain Payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc. In the second quarter of fiscal 2017 Cognate released from the Company the obligation under the 2016 Letter agreement to reimburse them $3.75 million of accounts receivable. This was recorded as a contribution to capital in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Cognate Organization The Company is consolidating its manufacturing arrangements for European region in the U.K. During 2017, the Cognate affiliates outside the US, in Germany and Israel ceased operations and were closed. The Company was responsible for costs related to closing down the DCVax manufacturing programs in Germany and Israel, including final payments to personnel, remaining lease payments and related costs, such as for legal and accounting services. Approximately $4.2 million of the total research and development cost were related to Cognate entities outside the US and are included in the overall amounts reported with respect to Cognate. Other Related Parties Jerry Jasinowski - Private Offering On December 22, 2016, the Company issued 1,285,714 0.35 642,857 0.35 450,000 Leslie J. Goldman - Demand Loan On October 8 400,000 35 403,858 28,384 5 4.98 On November 28, 2016, Mr. Goldman loaned the Company $ 260,000 12 During the year ended December 31, 2017, Mr. Goldman loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,335,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $1,230,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred from the year ending December 31, 2016. The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $414,000 as of December 31, 2017. Toucan Capital III Fund - Demand Loans During the year ended December 31, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III (“Toucan”) loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $764,000 of the Toucan Notes. The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $407,000 as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, the Company owed Toucan $60,000 related to certain payables. Various Related Parties - Demand Loans During the year ended December 31, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. No repayments have been made on any of these notes. The full principal amounts remained outstanding as of December 31, 2017.

Temporary Equity

Temporary Equity	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Abstract]
Temporary Equity Disclosure [Text Block]	10. Temporary Equity Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2017 - $ - Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants for cash (net of $11.0 million warrant liability and $0.7 million subscription receivable) 7,058 276 Beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible preferred stock - (276) Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of series A convertible preferred stock - 276 Issuance of common stock for conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock (400) (680) Deemed dividends on conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock - 624 Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants in exchange for existing warrants 121 300 Conversion of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc. to Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants (see FN 9) 2,941 6,919 Balance as of December 31, 2017 9,720 $ 7,439 On December 8, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements (the “Series A Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Series A Investors”). Pursuant to the Series A Subscription Agreements, the Company issued to the Series A Investors an aggregate of 7,058,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series A Shares”), at a purchase price of $1.70 per share, and 2 year Class D-1 Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Class D-1 Warrants”) to purchase up to 70,582,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.22 per share. The Company received $11.3 million cash, which was net of $0.7 million receivable from the Series A Investors. The Series A Shares will be convertible into common stock, but only when common stock is available or after 6 months following issuance. When sufficient shares of common stock are available for issuance upon conversion, each Series A Shares will be convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into a total of 10 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for a total of 70,582,000 shares of common stock (the equivalent of a conversion price of $0.17 per share of common stock). The Class D-1 Warrants are not currently exercisable and will become exercisable only when shares of common stock are available for issuance upon exercise. Due to the Sequencing Policy, the Class D-1 Warrants were classified as warrant liabilities. On the issuance date, the Company estimated the fair value of the Class D-1 Warrants at approximately $11 million under the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following primary assumptions: contractual term of 2.0 years, volatility rate of 117%, risk-free interest rate of 2% and expected dividend rate of 0%. The entire fair value of the Class D-1 Warrants was allocated to the $11.3 million net proceeds (net of subscription receivable of $0.7 million), creating a corresponding preferred stock discount in the same amount. The Company determined that the Series A Shares contain contingent redemption provisions allowing redemption by the holder upon certain defined events (“deemed liquidation events”). As the event that may trigger the redemption of the Series A Shares is not solely within the Company’s control, the Series A Shares are classified as mezzanine equity (temporary equity) in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, net of a subscription receivable of $0.7 million. The initial fair value of the warrants of approximately $11 million was deducted from the gross proceeds from the Series A Investors to arrive at the initial discounted carrying value of the Series A Shares. The initial discounted carrying value resulted in recognition of a beneficial conversion feature of $0.3 million, further reducing the initial carrying value of the Series A Shares. The discount to the aggregate stated value of the Series A Shares, resulting from recognition of the beneficial conversion feature was immediately accreted as a reduction of additional paid-in capital and an increase in the carrying value of the Series A Shares. The accretion is presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a deemed dividend, increasing net loss to arrive at net loss attributable to common stockholders. The Series A Shares are not currently redeemable and, as of December 31, 2017, it is not probable they will become redeemable as redemption is contingent on a change of control event. As such, accretion of the remaining discount to the Series A Share aggregate liquidation preference is not made until it is probable that the Series A Shares will become redeemable. On December 28, 2017, certain Series A Investors converted 400,000 shares of Series A Shares into 4,000,000 shares of common stock based on original term. The Company recognized approximately $624,000 of deemed dividends upon such conversion. Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2017 - $ - Issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock and warrants for cash (net of $0.5 million warrant liability and $7,000 subscription receivable) 381 366 Beneficial conversion feature of Series B convertible preferred stock - (366) Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of series B convertible preferred stock - 366 Conversion of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc. to Series B convertible preferred stock and warrants (see FN 9) 5,201 12,235 Balance as of December 31, 2017 5,582 $ 12,601 On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements (the “Series B Subscription Agreements”) with certain unaffiliated investors (the “Series B Investors”). Pursuant to the Series B Subscription Agreements, the Company issued to the Series B Investors an aggregate of 381,000 shares of the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Series B Shares”), at a purchase price of $2.30 per share, and 2 year Class D-2 Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Class D-2 Warrants”) to purchase up to 3,811,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.30 per share. The Company received approximately $869,000 cash, which was net of $7,000 receivable from the Series B Investors. The Series B Preferred Stock will be convertible into common stock, but only when common stock is available or after 6 months following issuance. When sufficient shares of common stock are available for issuance upon conversion, each share of Series B Preferred Stock will be convertible at the option of the holder, at any time, into a total of 10 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, for a total of 3,811,000 shares of common stock (the equivalent of a conversion price of $0.23 per share of common stock). The Class D-2 Warrants are not currently exercisable and will become exercisable only when shares of common stock are available for issuance upon exercise. Due to the Sequencing Policy, the Class D-2 Warrants were classified as warrant liabilities. On the issuance date, the Company estimated the fair value of the Class D-2 Warrants at approximately $503,000 under the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following primary assumptions: contractual term of 2.0 years, volatility rate of 116%, risk-free interest rate of 2% and expected dividend rate of 0%. The entire fair value of the Class D-2 Warrants was allocated to the $869,000 net proceeds, creating a corresponding preferred stock discount in the same amount. The Company determined that the Series B Shares contain contingent redemption provisions allowing redemption by the holder upon certain defined events (“deemed liquidation events”). As the event that may trigger the redemption of the Series B Shares is not solely within the Company’s control, the Series B Shares are classified as mezzanine equity (temporary equity) in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, net of a subscription receivable of $7,000. The initial fair value of the warrants of approximately $0.5 million was deducted from the gross proceeds from the Series B Investors to arrive at the initial discounted carrying value of the Series B Shares. The initial discounted carrying value resulted in recognition of a beneficial conversion feature of $0.4 million, further reducing the initial carrying value of the Series B Shares. The resulting discount to the aggregate stated value of the Series B Shares, resulting from recognition of the beneficial conversion feature, was immediately accreted as a reduction of additional paid-in capital and an increase in the carrying value of the Series A Shares. The accretion is presented in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a deemed dividend, increasing net loss to arrive at net loss attributable to common stockholders. The Series B Shares are not currently redeemable and, as of December 31, 2017, it is not probable they will become redeemable as redemption is contingent on a change of control event. As such, accretion of the remaining discount to the Series B Share aggregate liquidation preference is not made until it is probable that the Series B Shares will become redeemable.

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]	11. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Common Stock Issuances First Quarter of 2017 Public Offering On March 17, 2017, the Company entered into agreements with institutional investors for a registered direct offering with gross proceeds of $ 7.5 18.8 0.26 5 21.6 0.26 21.6 1.00 10.0 0.26 0.25 0.01 6.2 Warrants Exercised for Cash During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 3.1 million shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $31,000. All of these 3.1 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was $713,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital. Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes On March 10, 2017, the Company issued approximately 4 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible notes as additional consideration to enter into a payment plan and extend the debt payment. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $1.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss. Share-settled Debt On March 30, 2017, the Company issued 2.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold. Second Quarter of 2017 Public and Private Offering On April 14, 2017, the Company entered into Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 1.4 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.26 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.26 per share (the “Class A Warrants”) and Class B Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 1 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (the “Class B Warrants”). Both the Class A Warrants and the Class B Warrants are exercisable immediately. The Class A Warrants are exercisable for five years and the Class B Warrants are exercisable for three months. The Company received gross proceeds of $360,000 from this offering. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 3.6 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.15 per share. The investors also received approximately an aggregate 3.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.33 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $552,000 from this offering. Debt Conversion On May 22, 2017, the holders of certain existing notes converted approximately $2.0 million principal amount and accrued interest for approximately 11 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.18 per share and issued to such investors approximately 8 million Class A warrants with exercise price of $0.26 per share for a period of 5 years and approximately 8 million Class B warrants with exercise price of $1.00 per share for a period of 90 days. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $1.8 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The difference of $0.7 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss. On May 31, 2017, the Company and certain unaffiliated institutional investors (the “Investor”) entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange $3.0 million of the Company’s 2014 Senior Convertible Notes for 20,628,571 shares of common stock, warrants to acquire up to approximately 16 million shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.175 per share and exercisable for 2 years from the date of issuance of such warrants, and 800,000 shares of Common Stock. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $3.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively. On June 5, 2017, the Company exchanged approximately $0.5 million principal amount and accrued interest of certain notes held by an unaffiliated investor for approximately 3.3 million shares of its common stock at a price of $0.14 per share and issued to such investors approximately 2.5 million Class D warrants with exercise price of $0.175 per share for a period of 2 years. The fair value of common stock and warrant liability as of the conversion date was approximately $0.6 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The difference of $0.4 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss. Warrants Exercised for Cash During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 6.9 million shares of common stock from the exercise of pre-paid warrants that were issued in March 2017 with an exercise price of $0.26, of which $0.25 was paid in March and $0.01 was paid at the time of exercise, for proceeds of $69,000 at the time of exercise during the three months ended June 30, 2017. All of these 6.9 million shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $1.1 million on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital. Stock Compensation - 2014 Senior Convertible Notes During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company issued approximately 3 million shares of common stock to the holders of the Company’s $11 million senior convertible note as additional consideration to extend the debt payment and to enter into a forbearance agreement. The fair value of the common stock on the grant date was approximately $0.5 million. The Company recorded such cost as a debt extinguishment loss. Share-settled Debt On June 14, 2017, the Company issued 1 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt (the “Holder”) as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold. Third Quarter of 2017 Public and Private Offering On September 22, 2017, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with multiple investors. The Company issued approximately 8.7 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.20 per share. The investors received Class A Common Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase up to approximately 4.4 million shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.22 per share (the “Class A Warrants”). The Class A Warrants are exercisable immediately and are exercisable for five years. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.8 million (net proceeds of $1.6 million) from this offering. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with multiple investors. The Company issued 5.4 million shares of common stock at a weighted average price of $0.20 per share. The investors also received an aggregate of 5.3 million warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.26 per share. The Company received gross proceeds of $1.1 million from this offering. During the three months ended September 30, 2017, the Company received an aggregate of $2.6 million from multiple investors as an advance of certain Subscription Agreements that were entered in November 2017. The Company recorded a $2.6 million shares payable as of September 30, 2017. Warrants Exercised for Cash and Warrants Modification On August 7, 2017, the Company entered into a $2.7 million financing with an institutional health care investor holding Class B Warrants exercisable for approximately 13.5 million shares of Common Stock of the Company, in which the investor exercised its Class B Warrants in full in return for amendment of the investor’s Class B Warrants to reduce the exercise from $1.00 to $0.20 per share, as set forth in a Warrant Repricing Letter Agreement. The Class B Warrants were originally issued on March 17, 2017 with an exercise period of 90 days, and the exercise period was previously extended to August 24, 2017. The fair value of the amended Class B Warrants on the amendment date was approximately $0.3 million using a Black-Scholes model. There was no residual value for the original Class B warrants as of the amendment date, so the Company recorded $0.3 million as inducement loss. As consideration for the investor’s exercise in full of the Class B Warrants, the Company agreed to issue to the investor new Series A Warrants exercisable for the purchase of 13.5 million shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years. The Company also issued an aggregate amount of 0.9 million Class A warrants at an exercise price of $0.27 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years to certain placement agent. The fair value of these 14.5 million warrants were approximately $2.0 million using a Black-Scholes model, and the Company recorded such cost as inducement loss. Cashless Warrants Exercise On July 17, 2017, holders of approximately 16 million Class A warrants of the Company exercised such warrants on a cashless basis in exchange for the delivery of approximately 6.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock. The fair value of these Class A warrants was approximately $3.1 million as of July 17, 2017. Debt Conversions During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company induced certain debt holders to convert approximately $5.5 million of principal and interest into approximately 32.9 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $7.8 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 40.4 million warrants with a weighted average exercise price of $0.48 and a fair value of $4.7 million. Share-settled Debt During the quarter ended September 30, 2017, the Company issued 3.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold. Shares for Services On July 6, 2017, as compensation for services as a Director, the Company issued 1.3 million shares of its common stock at fair value of $0.18 to a designee of Robert Farmer. Fourth Quarter of 2017 Public and Private Offering On October 20, 2017, the Company sold 2.9 million shares of common stock at a price of $0.17 per share and issued approximately 1.5 million Class D Warrants exercisable at $0.22 per share for a period of 2 years for an aggregate of $0.5 million. Warrants Exercised for Cash During the quarter ended December31, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate of 231,000 shares of common stock from the exercise of warrants that were issued in March 2017 for total proceeds of $60,000. All of these 231,000 shares of common stock were related to extinguishment of warrant liabilities. The fair value of the warrant liabilities was approximately $45,000 on the date of exercise, which were recorded as a component of additional paid-in-capital. Debt Conversions During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced certain debt holders to convert approximately $1.0 million of principal and interest into approximately 7.3 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $1.6 million. The Company recorded approximately $0.6 million debt extinguishment loss. Share-settled Debt During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company issued 4.5 million shares of common stock to the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt as advance payment for future debt conversion. The fair value of the remaining share-settled debt will be reduced when the Company is notified by the Holder of the value at which the shares have been sold. As of December 31, 2017, the outstanding share-settled debt was approximately $3.3 million. Shares for Services On November 13, 2017, the Company issued a total of 225,000 shares of Common stock at $0.165 per share to several scientific board members as share-based compensation. The Company recorded the $37,000 expense in research and development. First Quarter of 2016 On February 29, 2016, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with certain institutional investors (the “Purchasers”), for a registered direct offering (the “Offering”) of 5,882,353 shares (the “Shares”) of the Company’s Common Stock at the purchase price of $1.70 per share, and Series A Warrants (the “Series A Warrants”) to purchase an additional 2,941,177 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $2.25 per share. The Series A Warrants will become exercisable on the six-month anniversary of issuance and expire five years thereafter. In addition, the Company granted the Purchasers a sixty (60) day overallotment option in the form of Series B Warrants to purchase an additional 5,882,353 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.00 per share (the “Series B Warrants”). The Series B Warrants were exercisable immediately and were to expire within sixty (60) days. However, on May 2, 2016, the Company and the investors agreed to extend this warrant exercise period by twenty-one (21) days, from May 2 to May 23, 2016. The Company and the Purchasers consummated the purchase and sale of the Securities on March 3, 2016 (the “Closing”) and the Company raised gross proceeds of $10 million and net proceeds of approximately $9.2 million, after deducting placement agent fees, attorneys’ fees and other expenses. Subsequent to the reporting period, the Series B Warrants were extended an additional twenty-one (21) days to May 23, 2016. Each Purchaser also received Series C Warrants (the “Series C Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,941,177 shares of Common Stock. The Series C Warrants vest and become exercisable only if, and to the extent that, the Series B Warrants held by such Purchaser are exercised. The Series C warrants will be issuable and exercisable for one-half share of Common Stock per each Series B Warrant exercised. The Series C Warrants have an exercise price of $4.00 per share, shall be exercisable on the six-month anniversary of issuance and will expire five years thereafter. In connection with the Offering and the concurrent private placement, the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement fee equal to 7% of the aggregate purchase price for the common stock sold in the registered offering. The Placement Agent also received Common Stock purchase warrants (the “Compensation Warrants”) to purchase up to 294,118 shares of Common Stock, or 5% of the aggregate number of shares of common Stock sold in the registered offering, at an exercise price of $2.125, or 125% of the public offering price per share in the registered offering, which are exercisable six months following issuance and terminate on February 29, 2021. Second Quarter of 2016 On May 15, 2016, the Company entered into an agreement with a holder (the “Holder”) of the Company’s existing Series A, B and C Warrants, pursuant to which the Holder agreed to exercise all of the Holder’s Series B Warrants to purchase 4,411,764 shares of Common Stock. In consideration, the Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of the Series B Warrants to $0.96 per share, the Company’s closing price on the prior trading day, for gross proceeds of approximately $4,235,000, and agreed to issue new Series D Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Series D Warrants”) to purchase up to 2,205,882 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share (subject to customary adjustments such as for stock splits and dividends), with an exercise period of five years, commencing six months after issuance. The Holder’s exercise of the Series B Warrants to purchase 4,411,764 shares of Common Stock triggered the existing outstanding Series C Warrants to become vested and exercisable for up to 2,205,882 shares of Common Stock. The Company agreed to reset the exercise price of the Series A and Series C Warrants to $1.00 per share. In connection with the offering and the concurrent private placement, the Company agreed to pay the Placement Agent a cash placement fee equal to 7% of the aggregate purchase price for the common stock sold. The Placement Agent also received Common Stock purchase warrants (the "Compensation Warrants") to purchase up to 220,588 shares of Common Stock, or 5% of the aggregate number of shares of common Stock sold, at an exercise price of $1.20, or 125% of the public offering price per share, which are exercisable six months following issuance and terminate on May 15, 2021. The modification of the warrant exercise price increased the value of the warrants by approximately $2.6 million. This cost was recorded as a deemed dividend in additional paid-in capital due to the absence of retained earnings. This cost is included in modification of warrants and increased the net loss available to common shareholders on the consolidated statements of operations. Third Quarter of 2016 During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company issued 7,400,000 shares of common stock at $0.50 per share, and warrants to purchase an additional 3,700,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.60 per share with five years term through a registered direct offering. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $3.4 million, after deducting aggregate placement agent fees and attorneys’ fees of approximately $321,000. During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company entered into multiple agreements with certain holders (the “Holders”) of the Company’s existing warrants, pursuant to which the Holders agreed to exercise all of the Holders’ warrants to purchase 10,945,694 shares of common stock. In consideration, the Company agreed to reduce the exercise price of the warrants to $0.35 per share, for net proceeds of approximately $3.4 million, after deducting aggregate placement agent fees, attorneys’ fees and bank clearing fees of approximately $454,000, and agreed to issue new common stock purchase warrants to purchase up to 10,945,694 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $0.44 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years, commencing 6 months after issuance. In connection with the registered direct offering, the Company granted 263,122 warrants at an exercise price of $0.44 to the placement agents. The placement agent warrants are exercisable 6 months following issuance and terminate on February 22, 2022. The modification of the warrant exercise price increased the value of the warrants by approximately $3.0 million. This cost was recorded as a deemed dividend in additional paid-in capital due to the absence of retained earnings. This cost is included in modification of warrants and increased the net loss available to common shareholders on the consolidated statements of operations During the quarter ended September 30, 2016, the Company issued a total of 2,572,216 shares of Common stock at $0.36 per share to several angel investors for aggregate proceeds of $0.9 million. The Company also issued 1,286,111 warrants at an exercise price of $0.42 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years. On September 16, 2016, the Company converted a note in dispute and relevant accrued interest of $1.0 million into 2,222,222 shares of common stock. The fair value of the common shares on the issuance date was approximately $1.0 million. In addition, the Company issued 1,111,111 warrants at an exercise price of $0.45 with an exercise period of 5 years, commencing 6 months after issuance. The fair value of the warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model at the date of issuance related to the conversion of note and accrued interest. The total loss on extinguishment of debt recorded on the statement of operations was approximately $0.4 million related to this conversion. Fourth Quarter of 2016 During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 28,575,000 shares of common stock at $0.35 per share, and warrants to purchase an additional 14,287,500 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.35 per share with five years term through a registered direct offering. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $9.2 million, after deducting aggregate placement agent fees and attorneys’ fees of approximately $0.8 million. In October 2016 and November 2016, the Company issued a total of 2,518,687 shares of Common stock at a weighted average price of $0.53 per share to several angel investors for aggregate proceeds of $1.3 million. The Company also issued 1,259,345 warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.51 per share, with an exercise period of 5 years. On December 22, 2016, the Company issued 1,285,714 shares of common stock at $0.35 and warrants to purchase an additional 642,857 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.35 per share with a five-year term to Jerry Jasinowski, who was appointed to the Board of Directors in April 2012. The Company received proceeds of $450,000. Total warrants issued from direct offerings and private placement have value of approximately $4.2 million, see FN 4 for more details regarding valuation. During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued a total of 60,000 shares of Common stock at $0.49 per share to several scientific board members as share-based compensation. The Company recorded the $29,400 expense in research and development for the year ended December 31, 2016. During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Company converted accrued interest associated with a note in dispute that was originally issued in 2011. The accrued interest balance as of December 13, 2016 was $1.5 million. In order to extinguish this accrued interest liability, the Company issued 2,812,174 shares of common stock and 1,406,086 warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $0.50 with an exercise period of 5 years, commencing 6 months after issuance. The fair value of the common shares on the issuance date was approximately $1.5 million. The fair value of the warrants on the issuance date was approximately $0.6 million using a Black-Scholes model, see FN 4 for more details regarding valuation. The total loss on the extinguishment of accrued interest was approximately $0.7 million during the three months ended December 31, 2016. This amount was recorded as a component of loss from extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statements of operations. During the quarter ended December 31, 2016, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of common stock to convert $480,000 debt which was assigned by Cognate. Stock Purchase Warrants The following is a summary of warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data): Number of Weighted Average Remaining Warrants Exercise Price Contractual Term Outstanding as of January 1, 2016 27,267 $ 4.40 2.70 Warrants granted in a registered direct offering 14,485 2.70 Warrants granted to Cognate 35,504 0.69 Warrants canceled by Cognate (37,147) 0.35 Warrants exercised for cash (15,357) 0.53 Warrants granted 35,287 0.43 Warrants expired and cancellation (1,761) 9.36 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 58,278 1.78 3.86 Warrants granted 362,240 0.36 Warrants exercised for cash (24,558) 0.11 Cashless warrants exercise (16,071) 0.20 Warrants expired and cancellation (59,483) 1.40 Outstanding as of December 31, 2017* 320,406 $ 0.50 2.62 * Approximately 200 million warrants were subject to limitation on exercisability and were not exercisable as of December 31, 2017.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Variable Interest Entity Disclosure [Text Block]	12. Variable Interest Entities Variable Interest Entities (“VIEs”) are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity. After the assumption of $ 5.7 3.8 The maximum exposure to loss is limited to the notional amounts of the implicit variable interest in Cognate. The Company has no current plans to provide any support additional to that which is noted above. Therefore, the maximum exposure to loss from its implicit interest is limited to $ 4.5

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]	13. Commitments and Contingencies Contingent Payment to Cognate BioServices Under the January 17, 2014 DCVax®-L Manufacturing Services Agreement and the DCVax-Direct Agreement, a new set of provisions apply going forward to any shut down or suspension. Under these provisions, the Company will be contingently obligated to pay certain fees to Cognate BioServices (in addition to any other remedies) if the Company shuts down or suspends its DCVax-L program or DCVax-Direct program. For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-L program, the fees will be as follows: ⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III trial for DCVax®-L or After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase III clinical trial for DCVax®-L but before any submission for product approval in any jurisdiction or after the submission of any application for market authorization but prior to receiving a marketing authorization approval: in any of these cases, the fee shall be $ 3 ⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-L in any jurisdiction, the fee shall be $ 5 For a shut down or suspension of the DCVax-Direct program, the fees will be as follows: ⋅ Prior to the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II trial for DCVax®-Direct, the fee shall be $ 1.5 ⋅ After the last dose of the last patient enrolled in the Phase I/II clinical trial for DCVax®-Direct but before the initiation of a Phase III trial the fee shall be $ 2.0 ⋅ After initiation of a phase III trial but before submission of an application for market authorization in any jurisdiction or after the submission of an application for market authorization but prior to receiving a market authorization approval: in each of these cases, the fee shall be $ 3.0 ⋅ At any time after receiving the equivalent of a marketing authorization for DCVax®-Direct in any jurisdiction the fee shall be $ 5.0 As of December 31, 2017, no shut-down or suspension fees were triggered. While our DCVax programs are ongoing, the Company is required to pay certain fees for dedicated production suites or capacity reserved exclusively for DCVax production, and pay for a certain minimum number of patients, whether or not we fully utilize the dedicated capacity and number of patients. Operating Lease On July 31, 2012, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for 7,097 0.3 0.3 27,000 On October 28, 2013, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for 4,251 On December 30, 2017, the Company assumed Cognate Bioservices, GmbH lease agreement and entered a settlement with its lessor. The Company agreed to pay lessor approximately $ 479,000 On March 26, 2016, the Company entered into a non-cancelable operating lease for 505 151,000 120,000 On October 10, 2017, the Company entered into an agreement to lease to Commodities Centre, a commodity storage and distribution firm domiciled in the U.K., an existing approximately 275,000 The tenant will undertake at least $1.1 million of repairs and improvements to the building in return for five and a half months of free rent (which began upon execution of the lease and ends on March 24, 2018). Thereafter, the tenant will pay rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.0 million for the first year, and thereafter rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.4 million for each year or partial year for the rest of the lease term, plus VAT. The tenant will also pay a proportional share of the common costs and the insurance costs for the overall site. Office Leases U.S. Germany U.K.(1) Total 2018 $ 325 $ 21 $ 765 $ 1,111 2019 81 - 422 503 Total $ 406 $ 21 $ 1,187 $ 1,644 (1) Includes $ 723,000 422,000 under a lease where Advent is the lessee in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Although the Company is not a party to this lease, Advent is charging the Company its share of the cost of this lease on a monthly basis and therefore the Company is including the minimum lease payments in the above table. Derivative and Class Action Litigation On June 19, 2015, two purported shareholders filed a lawsuit in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned Tharp, et al. v. Cognate, et al. Yonemura On November 19, 2015, a third purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland, captioned Yonemura v. Powers, et al. Yonemura Tharp On November 28, 2016, a purported shareholder filed a lawsuit in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County, Maryland, captioned Wells v. Powers, et al. Therefore, all the foregoing litigation is now concluded. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission As previously reported, the Company has received a number formal information requests (subpoenas) from the SEC regarding several broad topics that have been previously disclosed, including the Company’s membership on Nasdaq and delisting, related party matters, the Company’s programs, internal controls and the Company’s Special Litigation Committee. Testimony of certain officers and third parties has been taken as well. The Company is cooperating with the SEC investigation and is hopeful that it is reaching its final stages. Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. On June 22, 2017, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC filed a lawsuit against the Company in the United District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Chardan Capital Markets v. Northwest Biotherapeutics, Inc. 496,000

Income Taxes

Income Taxes	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]	14. Income Taxes No provision was made for U.S. taxes on undistributed foreign earning as such earnings are considered to be permanently reinvested. It is not practicable to determine the amount of additional tax, if any that might be payable on those earnings if repatriated. As of December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax asset Net operating loss carryforward $ 153,415 $ 204,106 Research and development credit carry forwards 15,426 14,911 Stock based compensation and other 9,814 17,106 Total deferred tax assets 178,655 236,123 Valuation Allowance (178,655) (236,123) Deferred tax asset, net of allowance $ - $ - The Company has identified the United States, Maryland, Germany and United Kingdom as significant tax jurisdictions. At December 31, 2017, the Company had Federal and State net operating loss carry forwards for income tax purposes of approximately $ 153.4 15.4 26.2 During 2016 the Company reevaluated the pricing/deductibility of stock options granted and the value of warrants issued, resulting in the decrease in the potential future tax deduction from those instruments. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the period in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and taxing strategies in making this assessment. In case the deferred tax assets will not be realized in future periods, the Company has provided a valuation allowance for the full amount of the deferred tax assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016. (dollars in thousands) For the years ended 2017 2016 Statutory federal income tax rate 34.0 % 34.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax benefit 4.0 % 1.8 % Tax rate differential on foreign income -0.4 % -2.3 % Derivative gain or loss and other -1.2 % 7.6 % Cancellation of shares 0.2 % -16.6 % Cancellation of warrants -0.2 % -7.8 % Other permanent items and true ups -8.6 % 2.7 % R&D Credit -0.7 % 2.8 % Change in rate -107.0 % 0.0 % Change in valuation allowance 78.6 % -22.2 % Income tax provision (benefit) 0.0 % 0.0 % For the years ended 2017 2016 Federal Current $ - $ - Deferred (59,454) (11,160) State Current - - Deferred 2,911 (1,427) Foreign Current - - Deferred (924) (5,189) Change in valuation allowance 57,467 17,776 Income tax provision (benefit) $ - $ - On December 22, 2017, legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, was signed in to law. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21 34 78.3 78.3

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Subsequent Events [Abstract]
Subsequent Events [Text Block]	15. Subsequent Events Public and Private Offering Between January and April 2018, the Company sold approximately 0.3 1.70 2.9 0.22 2 0.5 Between January and April 2018, the Company sold approximately 1.2 2.30 12 0.30 2 2.8 Conversion of Preferred Stock An aggregate of 6.5 0.4 69.6 Debt Conversion Between January and April 2018, approximately $ 1.7 56,000 5 Warrants Exercised for Cash Between January and April 2018, the Company issued approximately 6.8 0.22 0.30 1.6 Share-settled Debt Between January and April 2018, the Company issued 4.3 Debt Offering to Related Parties On March 14, 2018, the Company and its Chief Executive Officer, Linda F. Powers, entered into a note and loan agreement for a loan of $ 4.0 2.30 8,695,652 10 15 0.30 On March 19, 2018, the Company and Ms. Powers entered into an additional note and loan agreement for an additional loan of $ 400,000 Warrant Adjustments The Company and certain investors agreed to modify the terms of outstanding warrants held by such investors. Pursuant to the agreements, the investors agreed not to exercise their warrants before a vote of the shareholders of the Company to increase the authorized capital stock of the Company is held or a predetermined date of either June 1, 2018 or four months from the date of the agreement. The modifications generally provided for a one-year extension to the expiration date of such warrants and a decrease in the exercise price of the warrants. From March 1 through March 7, 2018, the Company modified 92.9 September 15, 2018 June 30, 2022 0.24 2.50 0.175 From March 7 through March 12, 2018, the Company modified additional 31.1 April 16, 2019 August 1, 2023 0.24 0.55 Stock Options Granted On January 14, 2018, the Board completed the process for the implementation of option awards for management and employees exercisable for approximately 12 50 50 The options awarded to Linda Powers will be exercisable for up to 29.4 19.6 9 0.23 10 On February 26, 2018, the disinterested members of the Board approved option awards for the independent Directors, subject to shareholder approval at a Special Meeting (the “February Options”). The February Options are not currently exercisable and will become exercisable only when shares of common stock are available for issuance upon exercise. The February Options are subject to vesting requirements. 50 50 The independent directors’ Options will be exercisable at a price of $ 0.30 10 The options awarded to Mr. Jerry Jasinowski will be exercisable for up to 4,900,000 9,065,000 1,715,000

Summary of Significant Accoun24

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of the wholly owned subsidiaries in Germany and the United Kingdom. All intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated in consolidation
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Consolidation The Company’s policy is to consolidate all entities in which it can vote a majority of the outstanding voting stock. In addition, the Company consolidates entities which meet the definition of a variable interest entity (VIE) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary, if any. The primary beneficiary is the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and who has an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash consists of funds deposited in checking accounts. Accounts at each institution are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") up to $ 250,000
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Restricted Cash The Company records cash held in an escrow account to secure certain debt interest obligations as restricted cash. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had $ 0 0.7
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Property, Plant and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided for using straight-line methods, in amounts sufficient to charge the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives. Repairs and maintenance costs are charged to operations as incurred. For more details see Note 6. The Company assesses its long-lived assets for impairment whenever facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be fully recoverable. To analyze recoverability, the Company projects undiscounted net future cash flows over the remaining lives of such assets. If these projected undiscounted net future cash flows are less than the carrying amounts, an impairment loss would be recognized, resulting in a write-down of the assets with a corresponding charge to earnings. The impairment loss is measured based upon the difference between the carrying amounts and the fair values of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amounts or fair value less cost to sell. Management determines fair value using the discounted cash flow method or other accepted valuation techniques. Accordingly, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, an assessment was undertaken to determine whether the assets of the Company might be impaired. From time to time the Company asks its real estate experts in the UK to provide a valuation of its UK property. The Company’s estimate of undiscounted cash flows indicated that such carrying amounts were expected to be recovered, and therefore there was no impairment as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Of course, it is possible that the estimate of undiscounted cash flows could change at some time in the future, resulting in a need at that time to write down such assets to fair value.
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Use of Estimates In preparing consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Due to inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in these estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include valuing equity securities in share-based payment arrangements, estimating the fair value of financial instruments recorded as derivative liabilities, useful lives of depreciable assets and whether impairment charges may apply, and the fair value of environmental remediation liabilities.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Fair Value of Financial Instruments ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, provides guidance on the development and disclosure of fair value measurements. Under this accounting guidance, fair value is defined as an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The accounting guidance classifies fair value measurements in one of the following three categories for disclosure purposes: Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Inputs other than Level 1 prices for similar assets or liabilities that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3: Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity and values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant judgment or estimation. The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable approximate their fair values. As of December 31, 2017, the carrying amount of the notes payable approximate fair value as its interest rate approximates current market rates.
Warrant Liability Policy [Policy Text Block]	Warrant Liability The Company accounts for certain common stock warrants outstanding as a liability at fair value and adjusts the instruments to fair value at each reporting period. This liability is subject to re-measurement at each balance sheet date until exercised, and any change in fair value is recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants issued by the Company has been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation and or a Black Scholes model.
Environmental Cost, Expense Policy [Policy Text Block]	Environmental Remediation Liabilities The Company records environmental remediation liabilities for properties acquired. The environmental remediation liabilities are initially recorded at fair value. The liability is reduced for actual costs incurred in connection with the clean-up activities for each property. Upon completion of the clean-up, the environmental remediation liability is adjusted to equal the fair value of the remaining operation, maintenance and monitoring activities to be performed for the property. The reduction in the liability resulting from the completion of the clean-up is included in other income (expense). As of December 31, 2017, the Company estimates that the total environmental remediation costs associated with the purchase of the UK Facility will amount to approximately $ 6.2 6.2 4.6 33.4
Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]	Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions The Company has operations in Germany and the United Kingdom in addition to the U.S. The Company translated its assets and liabilities into U.S. dollars using end of period exchange rates and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using weighted average rates. Foreign currency translation adjustments are reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity (deficit).
Comprehensive Loss Policy [Policy Text Block]	Comprehensive Loss The Company reports comprehensive loss and its components in its consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and foreign currency translation adjustments, affecting stockholders’ equity (deficit) that, under U.S, GAAP, is excluded from net loss.
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with the terms stipulated under the patient service contract. In various situations, the Company receives certain payments for DCVax®-L for patient treatment. These payments are non-refundable, and are not dependent on the Company’s ongoing future performance. Due to potential collectability issues with patients, the Company has adopted a policy of recognizing these payments as revenue when received.
Accrued Outsourcing Costs [Policy Text Block]	Accrued Outsourcing Costs Substantial portions of our preclinical studies and clinical trials are performed by third-party laboratories, medical centers, contract research organizations and other vendors (collectively "CROs"). These CROs generally bill monthly or quarterly for services performed, or bill based upon milestones achieved. For clinical studies, expenses are accrued when services are performed. The Company monitors patient enrollment, the progress of clinical studies and related activities through internal reviews of data that is tracked by the CROs under contractual arrangements, correspondence with the CROs and visits to clinical sites.
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred and consist primarily of clinical trial costs, related party manufacturing costs, consulting costs, contract research and development costs, clinical site costs and compensation costs.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Income Taxes The Company recognizes income taxes on an accrual basis based on tax positions taken or expected to be taken in its tax returns. A tax position is defined as a position in a previously filed tax return or a position expected to be taken in a future tax filing that is reflected in measuring current or deferred income tax assets and liabilities. Tax positions are recognized only when it is more likely than not (i.e., likelihood of greater than 50%), based on technical merits, that the position would be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. Tax positions that meet the more likely than not threshold are measured using a probability-weighted approach as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets if all, or some portion, of such assets will more than likely not be realized. Should they occur, our policy is to classify interest and penalties related to tax positions as income tax expense. Since our inception, no such interest or penalties have been incurred, however prior to 1998 the Company was a limited liability company and the Company’s tax losses and credits generally flowed directly to the members. On December 22, 2017, legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, was signed in to law. The legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries. The Tax Act permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21 34 78.3 78.3 On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 ("SAB 118") to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Reform Act. The Company has recognized the provisional tax impacts related to the revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and included these amounts in its consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may differ from these provisional amounts, possibly materially, due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the Tax Act. The accounting is expected to be complete when the 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in 2018.
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block]	The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees and Board members over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards. Stock-based awards with graded-vesting schedules are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. For stock-based compensation awards to non-employees, the Company remeasures the fair value of the non-employee awards at each reporting period prior to vesting and finally at the vesting date of the award. Changes in the estimated fair value of these non-employee awards are recognized as compensation expense in the period of change. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment. Expected Term Expected Volatility Risk-Free Interest Rate Expected Dividend The fair value of restricted stock units is determined based on the number of shares granted and the quoted market price of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with performance conditions deemed probable of being achieved and vesting are amortized to expense over the requisite service period using the straight-line method of expense recognition. Effective on January 1, 2017, the Company elected to account for forfeited awards as they occur as permitted by Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-09. Ultimately, the actual expenses recognized over the vesting period will be for those shares that vested. Prior to making this election, the Company estimated a forfeiture rate for awards at 0
Extinguishment Of Debt [Policy Text Block]	Debt Extinguishment The Company accounts for the income or loss from extinguishment of debt by comparing the difference between the reacquisition price and the net carrying amount of the debt being extinguished and recognizes this as gain or loss when the debt is extinguished. The gain or loss from debt extinguishment is recorded in the consolidated statements of operations under "other income (expense)" as loss from extinguishment of convertible debt.
Debt, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Share-settled Debt Share-settled debt may settle by providing the holder with a variable number of shares with an aggregate fair value equaling the debt principal outstanding. (In some cases, a discount to the fair value of the share price may be used to determine the number of shares to be delivered, resulting in settlement at a premium.) Share-settled debt was analyzed to determine that the share settled debt does not contain a beneficial conversion feature or contingent beneficial conversion feature. Share-settled debt is recorded at fair value.
Stockholders' Equity Note, Redeemable Preferred Stock, Issue, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Convertible Preferred Stock Preferred shares subject to mandatory redemption are classified as liability instruments and are measured at fair value. The Company classifies conditionally redeemable preferred shares, which includes preferred shares that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control, as temporary equity (‘mezzanine’) until such time as the conditions are removed or lapse.
Sequencing [Policy Text Block]	Sequencing As of October 13, 2016, the Company adopted a sequencing policy whereby all future instruments may be classified as a derivative liability with the exception of instruments related to share-based compensation issued to employees or directors.
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Loss per Share Basic loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted loss per share is computed on the basis of the weighted average number of common shares plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding using the treasury stock method. Any potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net losses. For the years presented, there is no difference between the basic and diluted net loss per share.
Operating Segments [Policy Text Block]	Segments The Company operates in one reportable segment and, accordingly, no segment disclosures have been presented herein.
Significant Accounting Policies [Policy Text Block]	Adoption of Recent Accounting Pronouncements Compensation-Stock Compensation In March 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718), Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities In January 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Statement of Cash Flows In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses specific cash flow classification issues where there is currently diversity in practice including debt prepayment and proceeds from the settlement of insurance claims. ASU 2016-15 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted.The Company adopted ASU No. 2016-15 as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of this update did not impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]	Recent Accounting Pronouncements to Be Adopted Revenue from Contracts with Customer In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (ASU 2014-09) as modified by ASU No. 2015-14, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date,” ASU 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net),” ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” and ASU No. 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients.” The revenue recognition principle in ASU 2014-09 is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, new and enhanced disclosures will be required. Companies may adopt the new standard either using the full retrospective approach, a modified retrospective approach with practical expedients, or a cumulative effect upon adoption approach. The Company will continue to book revenue under its current method. The Company plans to apply ASC 606 revenue recognition once revenue from contracts with customers is material. Leases In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) Leases (Topic 840) Compensation-Stock Compensation In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features In July 2017, the FASB has issued a two-part ASU No. 2017-11, (i). Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income, (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the newly enacted federal corporate income tax rate under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. The amount of the reclassification would be the difference between the historical corporate income tax rate and the newly enacted 21% corporate income tax rate. The new standard is effective for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption in any interim period permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Fair Value Measurements (Tables

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	The following table classifies the Company’s liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis into the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): Fair value measured at December 31, 2017 Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant Fair value at markets observable inputs unobservable inputs December 31, 2017 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Warrant liability $ 40,171 $ - $ - $ 40,171 Embedded conversion feature 2,608 - - 2,608 Share-settled debt (in default) 3,308 - - 3,308 Total fair value $ 46,087 $ - $ - $ 46,087 Fair value measured at December 31, 2016 Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant Fair value at markets observable inputs unobservable inputs December 31, 2016 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3) Warrant liability $ 4,862 $ - $ - $ 4,862 Share-settled debt (in default) 5,200 - - 5,200 Total fair value $ 10,062 $ - $ - $ 10,062
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Both observable and unobservable inputs were used to determine the fair value of positions that the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. Unrealized gains and losses associated with liabilities within the Level 3 category include changes in fair value that were attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long- dated volatilities) inputs (in thousands). Embedded Share-settled Warrant Conversion Debt Liability Feature (in Default) Total Balance – January 1, 2016 $ 27,982 $ - $ - $ 27,982 Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate (10,131) - - (10,131) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash (415) - - (415) Warrants granted 5,317 - - 5,317 Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate - - 5,680 5,680 Conversion of share-settled debt - - (480) (480) Change in fair value (17,891) - - (17,891) Balance – December 31, 2016 4,862 - 5,200 10,062 Warrants granted related to: Public and private offering 19,623 - - 19,623 Debt conversion 7,543 - - 7,543 Issuance of debt 139 - - 139 Cognate accounts payable settlement 11,204 - - 11,204 Modification of warrant liabilities 3,048 - - 3,048 Sub-total 41,557 - - 41,557 Issuance of convertible notes - 4,262 - 4,262 Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion - (5,264) - (5,264) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash (2,162) - - (2,162) Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise (3,054) - - (3,054) Conversion of share-settled debt - - (1,892) (1,892) Change in fair value (1,032) 3,610 - 2,578 Balance –December 31, 2017 $ 40,171 $ 2,608 $ 3,308 $ 46,087
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]	A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring the Company’s warrant liabilities and embedded conversion feature that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: As of December 31, 2017 As of December 31, 2016 Warrant Embedded Warrant Liability Conversion Feature Liability Strike price $ 0.31 $ 0.50 $ 0.60 Contractual term (years) 2.6 2.5 4.7 Volatility (annual) 110 % 102 % 98 % Risk-free rate 2 % 2 % 2 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 %
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]	A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring embedded conversion features at inception for convertible notes issued during the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows: Conversion price $ 0.41 Contractual term (years) 1.9 Volatility (annual) 97 % Risk-free rate 1 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 %
Warrant [Member] | Public and Private Offering [Member]
Fair Value Measurements, Recurring and Nonrecurring, Valuation Techniques [Table Text Block]	A summary of weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring warrants granted during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows: 2017 Warrants Granted Associated with Modification/ Public and Private Debt Extinguishment of Offering Conversion Issuance of Debt Warrant Liabilities Strike price $ 0.34 $ 0.44 $ 0.19 $ 0.25 Contractual term (years) 2.2 2.6 2.0 3.7 Volatility (annual) 112 % 107 % 113 % 107 % Risk-free rate 2 % 1 % 1 % 2 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 2016 Warrants Granted Associated with Public and Private Debt Offering Conversion Issuance of Debt Strike price $ 0.36 $ 0.48 $ 0.35 Contractual term (years) 5.0 5.5 2.2 Volatility (annual) 99 % 137 % 84 % Risk-free rate 2 % 1 % 1 % Dividend yield (per share) 0 % 0 % 0 %

Stock-based Compensation (Table

Stock-based Compensation (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs, Share-Based Payments [Abstract]
Share-based Compensation, Stock Options, Activity [Table Text Block]	The following table summarizes stock option activity for the Company’s option plans during the year ended December 31, 2017. There is no stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2016 (amount in thousands, except per share number): Number of Shares Weighted Average Weighted Total Intrinsic Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 1,551 $ 10.56 1.9 $ - Granted 11,343 0.25 4.5 - Forfeited/expired (238) 9.90 - - Outstanding as of December 31, 2017 12,656 $ 1.32 4.1 - Options vested and exercisable 7,964 $ 1.38 4.0 $ -
Schedule of Share-based Payment Award, Stock Options, Valuation Assumptions [Table Text Block]	The following assumptions were used to compute the fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2017: For the Year Ended December 31, 2017 Exercise price $ 0.25 Expected term (years) 2.8 Expected stock price volatility 96 % Risk-free rate of interest 2 %

Property, Plant and Equipment (

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Table Text Block]	Property, plant and equipment consist of the following at December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): December 31, December 31, Estimated 2017 2016 Useful Life Leasehold improvements $ 81 $ 69 Lesser of lease term or estimated useful life Office furniture and equipment 25 25 3 years Computer equipment and software 622 626 3 years 728 720 Less: accumulated depreciation (559) (405) Total property, plant and equipment, net $ 169 $ 315 Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom)* $ 47,604 $ 44,559 15 years Less: accumulated depreciation (285) - Total Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom), net $ 47,319 $ 44,559 * Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building improvement costs.

Notes Payable (Tables)

Notes Payable (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Schedule of Debt [Table Text Block]	The following table summarizes outstanding debt as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively (amount in thousands): Stated Remaining Remaining Fair Value of Interest Conversion Debt Debt Embedded Carrying Maturity Date Rate Price Face Value Discount Premium Conversion Option Value Short term convertible notes payable 6% unsecured (1) Due 6 % $ 3.09 $ 135 $ - $ - $ - $ 135 10% unsecured (2) Due* 10 % $ 0.16 - - - - - 135 - - - 135 Short term notes payable 8% unsecured (3) 9/3/2018 and 12/5/2018 8 % N/A 2,007 - 355 - 2,362 8% unsecured (4) 6/30/2018 8 % N/A 1,655 (103) - - 1,552 10% unsecured (5) On Demand 10 % N/A 650 - - - 650 12% unsecured (6a) On Demand 12 % N/A 440 (82) - - 358 8% unsecured (6b) On Demand 8 % N/A 2,200 - - - 2,200 6,952 (185) 355 - 7,122 Short term notes payable - related parties 10% unsecured - Related Parties (7) On Demand 10 % N/A 1,071 - - - 1,071 12% unsecured - Related Parties (7) On Demand 12 % N/A 50 - - - 50 1,121 - - - 1,121 Share-settled debt, at fair value (8) In Default 18 % $ 0.24 3,308 - - - 3,308 Short term mortgage loan (9) 8/16/2018 & 11/16/18 12 % N/A 11,629 (403) - - 11,226 Long term convertible notes payable 12% secured convertible notes (10) 6/21/2020 12 % $ 0.50 5,350 (1,948) - 2,608 6,010 Long term notes payable 8% unsecured (11) 6/20/2019 8 % N/A 2,880 (373) - - 2,507 Ending balance as of December 31, 2017 $ 31,375 $ (2,909) $ 355 $ 2,608 $ 31,429 * Fully paid back as of December 31, 2017 Stated Remaining Interest Conversion Debt Carrying Maturity Date Rate Price Face Value Discount Value Short term convertible notes payable 6% unsecured (1) Due 6 % $ 3.09 $ 135 $ - $ 135 5% 2014 Senior convertible notes (10) 8/15/2017 5 % $ 6.60 11,000 (175) 10,825 11,135 (175) 10,960 Short term notes payable 10% unsecured (2) 11/4/2017 10 % N/A 2,450 - 2,450 Short term notes payable - related parties (7) 10% unsecured - Related Parties On Demand 10 % N/A 50 - 50 12% unsecured - Related Parties On Demand 12 % N/A 260 - 260 310 - 310 Share-settled debt, at fair value (8) In Default 18 % $ 0.35 5,200 - 5,200 Mortgage loan (9) 11/16/17 & 8/13/17 12 % N/A 10,156 (365) 9,791 Long term note payable 8% unsecured note (4) 6/30/2018 8 % N/A 3,310 (310) 3,000 Ending balance as of December 31, 2016 $ 32,561 $ (850) $ 31,711 (1) This $ 135,000 110,000 25,000 (2) On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $ 2.45 10 1 On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $ 1,450,000 3 1.4 On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $ 258,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $ 2.4 407,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 5.8 43.8 0.53 4.6 Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (3) On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Old Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Old Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Old Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Old Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. On October 17, 2017 and November 8, 2017, the Company entered into two Exchange Agreement with the holder of the Old Notes to convert an aggregate $2,310,000 principal and $100,000 accrued interest into two new promissory notes (the “New Notes”). The two New Notes had original principal amount of $1,214,000 and $1,196,000, respectively. The New Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, and will be due on September 3, 2018 and December 5, 2018, respectively. The net book value of the Old notes and fair value of the New Notes as of the exchange date were approximately $2,382,000 and $2,764,000, respectively. The company recorded approximately $382,000 debt extinguishment loss from these exchanges. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company converted approximately $403,000 principal and $16,000 accrued interest of the New Notes into approximately 3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $649,000. The Company recorded approximately $231,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (4) On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $ 3.3 8 18 300,000 10,000 During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.7 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 13.1 million shares of common stock at fair value of $2.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $0.8 million debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (5) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. (6a) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants. (6b) On December 29, 2017, the Company entered a promissory note agreements (the “Note”) with a third party for principal amount of $2.2 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum, and is payable upon demand. (7) Related Party Notes Goldman Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,335,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $1,230,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $414,000 as of December 31, 2017. Toucan Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $764,000 of the Toucan Notes. The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $407,000 as of December 31, 2017. Board of Directors Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. No repayments have been made on any of these notes. The full principal amounts remained outstanding as of December 31, 2017. (8) During the year ended December 31, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.9 million of outstanding share-settled debt. (9) The two mortgage loans were originally due in August 2017 and November 2017, and have been renewed for additional one year until August 16, 2018 and November 16, 2018. The Company recorded $521,000 renewal fees during the year ended (10) 2014 Senior Convertible Notes Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the year ended December 31, 2017, through a series of transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million shares of common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below. 2017 Secured Convertible Notes On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Also, on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes. The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion. (11) On December 20, 2017, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,880,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 2 years term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $375,000 and $5,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor.
Interest Income and Interest Expense Disclosure [Table Text Block]	The following table summarizes total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes, share-settled debt, other notes and mortgage loan for years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands): For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Interest expenses related to 2014 Senior convertible notes: Contractual interest $ 424 $ 551 Amortization of debt issuance costs 175 282 Total interest expenses related to senior convertible notes 599 833 Interest expenses related to other notes: Contractual interest 1,924 1,152 Additional debt premium 407 - Amortization of debt discount 846 - Total interest expenses related to other notes 3,177 1,152 Interest expenses related to mortgage loan: Contractual interest 1,263 1,259 Amortization of debt issuance costs 495 568 Total interest expenses on the mortgage loan 1,758 1,827 Other interest expenses 11 6 Total interest expense $ 5,545 $ 3,818

Net Loss per Share Applicable29

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Table Text Block]	The following securities were not included in the diluted net loss per share calculation because their effect was anti-dilutive as of the periods presented (in thousands): For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Series A convertible preferred stock 97,200 - Series B convertible preferred stock 55,819 - Common stock options 12,656 1,551 Common stock warrants - equity treatment 30,838 38,241 Common stock warrants - liability treatment 289,568 20,037 Share-settled debt and accrued interest, at fair value 18,211 15,429 Convertible notes and accrued interest 15,735 1,766 Potentially dilutive securities 520,027 77,024

Related Party Transactions (Tab

Related Party Transactions (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transaction, Due from (to) Related Party [Abstract]
Schedule of Settlement Obligations [Table Text Block]	The following table shows a summary of the Cognate Settlement Agreement (amount in thousands): Unpaid invoices for 2016 and 2017 $ (21,963) Fair value of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock 6,919 Fair value of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock 12,235 Fair value of Class D-1 and Class D-2 warrants 11,204 Additional research and development cost recorded from Cognate settlement $ 8,395
Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others [Table Text Block]	The following table shows a summary of research and development costs from Cognate and Advent BioServices relating to the DCVax-L and DCVax-Direct programs, product and process development work and preparations for upcoming Phase II trials for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively (in thousands): For the years ended December 31, 2017 2016 Cognate and Advent BioServices research and development cost - services $ 16,227 $ 34,665 Stock issued to and returned by Cognate - 13,654 Research and development cost from Cognate settlement 8,395 - Total $ 24,622 $ 48,319

Temporary Equity (Tables)

Temporary Equity (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Series Preferred Stock [Member]
Temporary Equity [Table Text Block]	The following table summarizes the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 (amount in thousands): Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2017 - $ - Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants for cash (net of $11.0 million warrant liability and $0.7 million subscription receivable) 7,058 276 Beneficial conversion feature of Series A convertible preferred stock - (276) Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of series A convertible preferred stock - 276 Issuance of common stock for conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock (400) (680) Deemed dividends on conversion of Series A convertible preferred stock to common stock - 624 Issuance of Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants in exchange for existing warrants 121 300 Conversion of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc. to Series A convertible preferred stock and warrants (see FN 9) 2,941 6,919 Balance as of December 31, 2017 9,720 $ 7,439
Series B Preferred Stock [Member]
Temporary Equity [Table Text Block]	The following table summarizes the Company’s Series B Convertible Preferred Stock activities for the year ended December 31, 2017 (amount in thousands): Series B Convertible Preferred Stock Shares Amount Balances as of January 1, 2017 - $ - Issuance of Series B convertible preferred stock and warrants for cash (net of $0.5 million warrant liability and $7,000 subscription receivable) 381 366 Beneficial conversion feature of Series B convertible preferred stock - (366) Deemed dividends related to immediate accretion of beneficial conversion feature of series B convertible preferred stock - 366 Conversion of certain payables to Cognate BioServices, Inc. to Series B convertible preferred stock and warrants (see FN 9) 5,201 12,235 Balance as of December 31, 2017 5,582 $ 12,601

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit)

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]
Schedule Of Warrant Activity [Table Text Block]	The following is a summary of warrant activity for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data): Number of Weighted Average Remaining Warrants Exercise Price Contractual Term Outstanding as of January 1, 2016 27,267 $ 4.40 2.70 Warrants granted in a registered direct offering 14,485 2.70 Warrants granted to Cognate 35,504 0.69 Warrants canceled by Cognate (37,147) 0.35 Warrants exercised for cash (15,357) 0.53 Warrants granted 35,287 0.43 Warrants expired and cancellation (1,761) 9.36 Outstanding as of December 31, 2016 58,278 1.78 3.86 Warrants granted 362,240 0.36 Warrants exercised for cash (24,558) 0.11 Cashless warrants exercise (16,071) 0.20 Warrants expired and cancellation (59,483) 1.40 Outstanding as of December 31, 2017* 320,406 $ 0.50 2.62 * Approximately 200 million warrants were subject to limitation on exercisability and were not exercisable as of December 31, 2017.

Commitments and Contingencies (

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Future Minimum Lease Payments for Capital Leases [Table Text Block]	The Company’s future minimum lease payments are as follows as of December 31, 2017 (in thousands): Office Leases U.S. Germany U.K.(1) Total 2018 $ 325 $ 21 $ 765 $ 1,111 2019 81 - 422 503 Total $ 406 $ 21 $ 1,187 $ 1,644

Income Taxes (Tables)

Income Taxes (Tables)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]	The tax effects of temporary differences and tax loss and credit carry forwards that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017 and 2016 are comprised of the following (in thousands): As of December 31, 2017 2016 Deferred tax asset Net operating loss carryforward $ 153,415 $ 204,106 Research and development credit carry forwards 15,426 14,911 Stock based compensation and other 9,814 17,106 Total deferred tax assets 178,655 236,123 Valuation Allowance (178,655) (236,123) Deferred tax asset, net of allowance $ - $ -
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]	The expected tax expense (benefit) based on the U.S. federal statutory rate is reconciled with actual tax expense (benefit) as follows: (dollars in thousands) For the years ended 2017 2016 Statutory federal income tax rate 34.0 % 34.0 % State taxes, net of federal tax benefit 4.0 % 1.8 % Tax rate differential on foreign income -0.4 % -2.3 % Derivative gain or loss and other -1.2 % 7.6 % Cancellation of shares 0.2 % -16.6 % Cancellation of warrants -0.2 % -7.8 % Other permanent items and true ups -8.6 % 2.7 % R&D Credit -0.7 % 2.8 % Change in rate -107.0 % 0.0 % Change in valuation allowance 78.6 % -22.2 % Income tax provision (benefit) 0.0 % 0.0 %
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]	For the years ended 2017 2016 Federal Current $ - $ - Deferred (59,454) (11,160) State Current - - Deferred 2,911 (1,427) Foreign Current - - Deferred (924) (5,189) Change in valuation allowance 57,467 17,776 Income tax provision (benefit) $ - $ -

Organization and Description 35

Organization and Description of Business (Details Textual) - Linda Powers [Member] shares in Millions	Feb. 20, 2018$ / sharesshares
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	29.4
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights | $ / shares	$ 0.22
Series Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	2.9

Liquidity, Financial Conditio36

Liquidity, Financial Condition and Management Plans (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	$ (36,495)	$ (55,652)
Current Assets Less Payables	86,300
Net Income (Loss) Attributable To Parent	(73,143)	(80,214)
Accounts Payable, Related Parties, Current	5,400
Assets, Current, Total	1,402	$ 7,884
Proceeds From Issuance Of Common Stock And Debt	39,500
Debt Instrument, Increase (Decrease), Net	5,000
Trade Liabilities Waived By Related Parties amount	$ 3,750

Summary of Significant Accoun37

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accrued Environmental Loss Contingencies, Noncurrent			$ 6,200,000
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate			6,200,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents			$ 0	$ 700,000
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%
IncreaseDecrease In Deferred Tax Assets			$ 78,300,000
Valuation Allowance, Deferred Tax Asset, Increase (Decrease), Amount			$ (57,467,000)	$ (17,776,000)
Operating Loss Carryforwards, Limitations on Use			The Tax Act also permits an indefinite carry forward of net operating losses generated in taxable years ending after December 31, 2017, subject to a utilization limitation of 80% of taxable income.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Fair Value Assumptions,Estimated Foreiture Rate			0.00%
Scenario, Plan [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%	21.00%
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate			$ 4,600,000
Cash, FDIC Insured Amount			250,000
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Site Contingency, Loss Exposure in Excess of Accrual, Best Estimate			$ 33,400,000

Fair Value Measurements (Detail

Fair Value Measurements (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.19	$ 0.35
Contractual term (years)	2 years	2 years 2 months 12 days
Volatility (annual)	113.00%	84.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%
Public and Private Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.34	$ 0.36
Contractual term (years)	2 years 2 months 12 days	5 years
Volatility (annual)	112.00%	99.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%
Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.44	$ 0.48
Contractual term (years)	2 years 7 months 6 days	5 years 6 months
Volatility (annual)	107.00%	137.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%
Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.25
Contractual term (years)	3 years 8 months 12 days
Volatility (annual)	107.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Deta39

Fair Value Measurements (Details 1) - Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / shares
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Conversion price	$ 0.41
Contractual term (years)	1 year 10 months 24 days
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Deta40

Fair Value Measurements (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	$ 40,171	$ 4,862
Embedded conversion feature	2,608
Share-settled debt (in default)	3,308	5,200
Total fair value	46,087	10,062
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	0	0
Embedded conversion feature	0
Share-settled debt (in default)	0	0
Total fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrant liability	40,171	4,862
Embedded conversion feature	2,608
Share-settled debt (in default)	3,308	5,200
Total fair value	$ 46,087	$ 10,062

Fair Value Measurements (Deta41

Fair Value Measurements (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	$ 10,062	$ 27,982
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	5,264	(10,131)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(2,162)	(415)
Warrants granted related to:	41,557	5,317
Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate		5,680
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	(5,264)	10,131
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	(3,054)
Conversion of share-settled debt	(1,892)	(480)
Change in fair value	2,578	(17,891)
Balance	46,087	10,062
Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	3,048
Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	139
Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,543
Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	19,623
Long-term Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	5,200	0
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	0	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0	0
Warrants granted related to:	0	0
Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate		5,680
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	0	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	(1,892)	(480)
Change in fair value	0	0
Balance	3,308	5,200
Long-term Debt [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Long-term Debt [Member] | Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	4,862	27,982
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	0	(10,131)
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	(2,162)	(415)
Warrants granted related to:	41,557	5,317
Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate		0
Issuance of convertible notes	0
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	0	10,131
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	(3,054)
Conversion of share-settled debt	0	0
Change in fair value	(1,032)	(17,891)
Balance	40,171	4,862
Warrant Liability [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	3,048
Warrant Liability [Member] | Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	139
Warrant Liability [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	7,543
Warrant Liability [Member] | Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	19,623
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Balance	0	0
Extinguishment of derivative liabilities related to Cognate	5,264	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to warrants exercised for cash	0	0
Warrants granted related to:	0	0
Share-settled debt assumed from Cognate		0
Issuance of convertible notes	4,262
Extinguishment of embedded derivative liabilities related to debt conversion	(5,264)	0
Extinguishment of warrant liabilities related to cashless warrants exercise	0
Conversion of share-settled debt	0	0
Change in fair value	3,610	0
Balance	2,608	$ 0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Warrant [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Issuance of Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Debt Conversion [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member] | Private and Public Offering [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Cognate Accounts Payable Settlements [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	11,204
Cognate Accounts Payable Settlements [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	0
Cognate Accounts Payable Settlements [Member] | Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	11,204
Cognate Accounts Payable Settlements [Member] | Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Warrants granted related to:	$ 0

Fair Value Measurements (Deta42

Fair Value Measurements (Details 4) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Contractual term (years)	1 year 10 months 24 days
Volatility (annual)	97.00%
Risk-free rate	1.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.50
Contractual term (years)	2 years 6 months
Volatility (annual)	102.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member] | Warrant Liability [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Strike price	$ 0.31	$ 0.60
Contractual term (years)	2 years 7 months 6 days	4 years 8 months 12 days
Volatility (annual)	110.00%	98.00%
Risk-free rate	2.00%	2.00%
Dividend yield (per share)	0.00%	0.00%

Fair Value Measurements (Deta43

Fair Value Measurements (Details Textual) - shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Jerry Jasinowski [Member] | Investor [Member]
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Issue During Period	362	31

Stock-based Compensation (Detai

Stock-based Compensation (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Number of Options, Outstanding	1,551
Number of Options, Granted	11,343
Number of Options, Forfeited/expired	(238)
Number of Options, Outstanding	12,656	1,551
Number of Options, Options vested and exercisable	7,964
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted	0.25
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited/expired	9.90
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding	1.32	$ 10.56
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Options vested and exercisable	$ 1.38
Total Intrinsic Value, Outstanding	$ 0	$ 0
Total Intrinsic Value, Options vested and exercisable	$ 0
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Outstanding	4 years 1 month 6 days	1 year 10 months 24 days
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Granted	4 years 6 months
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years), Options vested and exercisable	4 years

Stock-based Compensation (Det45

Stock-based Compensation (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017$ / shares
Exercise price	$ 0.25
Expected term (years)	2 years 9 months 18 days
Expected stock price volatility	96.00%
Risk-free rate of interest	2.00%

Stock-based Compensation (Det46

Stock-based Compensation (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Jun. 13, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized		$ 200,000
Employee Service Share-based Compensation, Nonvested Awards, Compensation Cost Not yet Recognized, Period for Recognition		1 year 6 months
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Expiration Period	5 years
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price	$ 0.25
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage	50.00%
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights	50% will vest over a 24-month period in equal monthly installments, provided that the recipient continues to be employed by the Company. The unvested portions of the Options are subject to accelerated vesting upon (i) a change of effective control of the Company, (ii) the filing of the first Biologics License Application or other application for product approval in any jurisdiction, (iii) completion of any randomized clinical trial that meets its endpoint(s) (Phase II or Phase III), (iv) decision by the Board, in its discretion or (v) the death of the recipient.
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Vested in Period, Fair Value		$ 800,000	$ 13,600,000
Research and Development Expense [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense		$ 700,000
Chief Technical Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	7,900,000
Chief Scientific Officer [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number	3,400,000
Cognate Bioservices [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Allocated Share-based Compensation Expense			$ 86,000
Shares payment due to Cognate BioServices (in Shares)			175,000

Property, Plant and Equipment47

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 728	$ 720
Less: accumulated depreciation		(559)	(405)
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net		169	315
Leasehold improvements [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 81	69
Leasehold Improvements Useful Life		Lesser of lease term or estimated useful life
Office furniture and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 25	25
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		3 years
Computer equipment and software [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross		$ 622	626
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life		3 years
Construction in progress (property in the United Kingdom) [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross	[1]	$ 47,604	44,559
Less: accumulated depreciation		(285)	0
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net		$ 47,319	$ 44,559
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life	[1]	15 years
[1]	Construction in progress includes both the land acquisition costs and the building improvement costs.

Property, Plant and Equipment48

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Depreciation	$ 439,000	$ 189,000

Notes Payable (Details)

Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016
Face Value		$ 31,375		$ 32,561
Remaining Debt Discount		(2,909)		(850)
Remaining Debt Premium		355
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		2,608
Carrying Value		31,429		31,711
Short Term Notes Payable Related Parties [Member]
Face Value		1,121		310
Remaining Debt Discount		0		0
Remaining Debt Premium		0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		1,121		310
Short-term Debt [Member]
Face Value		135		11,135
Remaining Debt Discount		0		(175)
Remaining Debt Premium		0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		135		$ 10,960
Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Face Value		6,952
Remaining Debt Discount		(185)
Remaining Debt Premium		355
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option		0
Carrying Value		$ 7,122
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable Related Parties [Member]
Maturity Date	[1]	On Demand		On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[1]	10.00%		10.00%
Face Value	[1]	$ 1,071		$ 50
Remaining Debt Discount	[1]	0		0
Remaining Debt Premium	[1]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[1]	0
Carrying Value	[1]	$ 1,071		$ 50
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Stated Interest Rate	[2]	10.00%
Conversion Price	[2]	$ 0.16
Face Value	[2]	$ 0
Remaining Debt Discount	[2]	0
Remaining Debt Premium	[2]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[2]	0
Carrying Value	[2]	$ 0
Ten Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[2]			Nov. 4, 2017
Maturity Date	[2],[3]	Due
Stated Interest Rate		10.00%	[3]	10.00%	[2]
Face Value		$ 650	[3]	$ 2,450	[2]
Remaining Debt Discount		0	[3]	0	[2]
Remaining Debt Premium	[3]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[3]	0
Carrying Value		$ 650	[3]	$ 2,450	[2]
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Long Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[4]	Jun. 20, 2019
Stated Interest Rate	[4]	8.00%
Face Value	[4]	$ 2,880
Remaining Debt Discount	[4]	(373)
Remaining Debt Premium	[4]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[4]	0
Carrying Value	[4]	$ 2,507
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Stated Interest Rate	[5]	8.00%
Face Value	[5]	$ 2,007
Remaining Debt Discount	[5]	0
Remaining Debt Premium	[5]	355
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[5]	0
Carrying Value	[5]	$ 2,362
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Maturity Date	[5]	Dec. 5, 2018
Eight Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Maturity Date	[5]	Sep. 3, 2018
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable Related Parties [Member]
Maturity Date	[1]	On Demand		On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[1]	12.00%		12.00%
Face Value	[1]	$ 50		$ 260
Remaining Debt Discount	[1]	0		0
Remaining Debt Premium	[1]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[1]	0
Carrying Value	[1]	$ 50		$ 260
Twelve Percent Unsecured [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[6]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[6]	12.00%
Face Value	[6]	$ 440
Remaining Debt Discount	[6]	(82)
Remaining Debt Premium	[6]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[6]	0
Carrying Value	[6]	$ 358
Eight Percent Unsecured One [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[7]	Jun. 30, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[7]	8.00%
Face Value	[7]	$ 1,655
Remaining Debt Discount	[7]	(103)
Remaining Debt Premium	[7]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[7]	0
Carrying Value	[7]	$ 1,552
Eight Percent Unsecured Two [Member] | Short Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[8]	On Demand
Stated Interest Rate	[8]	8.00%
Face Value	[8]	$ 2,200
Remaining Debt Discount	[8]	0
Remaining Debt Premium	[8]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[8]	0
Carrying Value	[8]	$ 2,200
Short Term Mortgage Loan [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Stated Interest Rate	[9]	12.00%
Face Value	[9]	$ 11,629
Remaining Debt Discount	[9]	(403)
Remaining Debt Premium	[9]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[9]	0
Carrying Value	[9]	$ 11,226
Short Term Mortgage Loan [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]	Nov. 16, 2018
Short Term Mortgage Loan [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]	Aug. 16, 2018
Five Percent 2014 Senior Convertible Note [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[10]			Aug. 15, 2017
Stated Interest Rate	[10]			5.00%
Conversion Price	[10]			$ 6.60
Face Value	[10]			$ 11,000
Remaining Debt Discount	[10]			(175)
Carrying Value	[10]			$ 10,825
Mortgage loan [Member]
Stated Interest Rate	[9]			12.00%
Face Value	[9]			$ 10,156
Remaining Debt Discount	[9]			(365)
Carrying Value	[9]			$ 9,791
Mortgage loan [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]			Aug. 13, 2017
Mortgage loan [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Maturity Date	[9]			Nov. 16, 2017
Share Settled Debt [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[11]	In Default		In Default
Stated Interest Rate	[11]	18.00%		18.00%
Conversion Price	[11]	$ 0.24		$ 0.35
Face Value	[11]	$ 3,308		$ 5,200
Remaining Debt Discount	[11]	0		0
Remaining Debt Premium	[11]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[11]	0
Carrying Value	[11]	$ 3,308		$ 5,200
Twelve Percent Secured [Member] | Long-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[10]	Jun. 21, 2020
Stated Interest Rate	[10]	12.00%
Conversion Price	[10]	$ 0.50
Face Value	[10]	$ 5,350
Remaining Debt Discount	[10]	(1,948)
Remaining Debt Premium	[10]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[10]	2,608
Carrying Value	[10]	$ 6,010
Eight Percent Unsecured Note [Member] | Long Term Notes Payable [Member]
Maturity Date	[7]			Jun. 30, 2018
Stated Interest Rate	[7]			8.00%
Face Value	[7]			$ 3,310
Remaining Debt Discount	[7]			(310)
Carrying Value	[7]			$ 3,000
Six Percentage Unsecured Debt [Member] | Short-term Debt [Member]
Maturity Date	[12]	Due		Due
Stated Interest Rate	[12]	6.00%		6.00%
Conversion Price	[12]	$ 3.09		$ 3.09
Face Value	[12]	$ 135		$ 135
Remaining Debt Discount	[12]	0		0
Remaining Debt Premium	[12]	0
Fair Value of Embedded Conversion Option	[12]	0
Carrying Value	[12]	$ 135		$ 135
[1]	Related Party Notes Goldman Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Leslie J. Goldman, an officer of the Company, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,335,000 pursuant to certain Demand Promissory Note Agreements (the “Goldman Notes”). $470,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 12% per annum, and $864,000 of the Goldman Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% per annum. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made an aggregate principal payment of $1,230,000 to settle some of Mr. Goldman’s outstanding demand notes, and an aggregate of $47,000 interest payment associated with these demand notes. Such payment included repayment of $350,000 outstanding debt incurred during the year ended December 31, 2016. The outstanding principal amount for Goldman Notes was $414,000 as of December 31, 2017. Toucan Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Toucan Capital Fund III loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $1,170,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Toucan Notes”). The Toucan Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid approximately $764,000 of the Toucan Notes. The outstanding principal amount for Toucan Notes was $407,000 as of December 31, 2017. Board of Directors Notes During the year ended December 31, 2017, Jerry Jasinowski, Robert Farmer and Cofer Black, members of the Company’s Board of Directors, loaned the Company an aggregate amount of $300,000 pursuant to multiple Demand Promissory Notes (the “Notes”). The Notes bear interest at 10% per annum, and are payable upon demand, with 7 days’ prior written notice to the Company. No repayments have been made on any of these notes. The full principal amounts remained outstanding as of December 31, 2017.
[2]	On November 4, 2016, the Company entered into three promissory notes agreements (“the November 2016 Notes”) with an individual investor (“the Holder”) for an aggregate amount of $2.45 million. The Notes bore interest at the rate of 10% with 1 year term. On March 3, 2017, the Company entered into a series of promissory notes (the “March 2017 Notes”) with unrelated third parties in the original principal amount of $1,450,000 with an original issuance discount of 3% for aggregate net proceeds of $1.4 million with no stated interest rate. On April 12, 2017, the Company made a repayment of $258,000 to one of the March 2017 Notes holders. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple amendments (the “Amendment”) to the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes. The Company recorded an approximate $2.4 million debt extinguishment loss from the Amendment, which was part of the embedded conversion features. The Company also recorded approximately $407,000 additional debt premium pursuant to the Amendment. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders of the November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes to convert approximately $4.2 million of principal, debt premium and accrued interest into approximately 24.7 million shares of common stock at a fair value of approximately $5.8 million, and approximately 43.8 million warrants with weighted average exercise price of $0.53, at fair value of approximately $4.6 million using Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $5.2 million of embedded conversion features, which was marked to market value as of the conversion date and was recorded as gain from debt extinguishment. Overall, the Company recorded approximately $1.0 million net debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.
[3]	During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered multiple promissory note agreement (the “Notes”) with certain investors for an aggregate principal amount of $2.4 million. The Notes bore interest at either 0%, 10% or 12% per annum, and were payable upon demand. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company induced the holders to convert approximately $1.8 million principal and accrued interest of the Notes into approximately 10.6 million shares of common stock at fair value of approximately $1.9 million. In addition, the Company issued approximately 12.5 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.49 and a fair value of approximately $0.9 million. The Company recorded debt extinguishment of approximately $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.
[4]	On December 20, 2017, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,880,000. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 2 years term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $375,000 and $5,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor.
[5]	On March 3, 2017 and June 5, 2017, the Company entered into two promissory notes agreement (the “Old Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $2,310,000. The Old Notes bore interest at 8% per annum with a 6 month term. One of the Old Notes became in default as of September 3, 2017. The Old Notes carry an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. On October 17, 2017 and November 8, 2017, the Company entered into two Exchange Agreement with the holder of the Old Notes to convert an aggregate $2,310,000 principal and $100,000 accrued interest into two new promissory notes (the “New Notes”). The two New Notes had original principal amount of $1,214,000 and $1,196,000, respectively. The New Notes bore interest at 8% per annum, and will be due on September 3, 2018 and December 5, 2018, respectively. The net book value of the Old notes and fair value of the New Notes as of the exchange date were approximately $2,382,000 and $2,764,000, respectively. The company recorded approximately $382,000 debt extinguishment loss from these exchanges. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company converted approximately $403,000 principal and $16,000 accrued interest of the New Notes into approximately 3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $649,000. The Company recorded approximately $231,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.
[6]	During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered two promissory note agreements (the “Notes”) with the same investor for an aggregate principal amount of $440,000. The Notes bore interest at 12% per annum, and is payable upon demand. The Company also issued approximately 1.2 million warrants with a weighted average strike price of $0.19 in conjunction the Note. The Company recorded $139,000 debt discount at the issuance date, which is the fair value of the warrants.
[7]	On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Note”) with an individual investor for an aggregate principal amount of $3.3 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum with 18 months term. The Note carries an original issue discount of $300,000 and $10,000 legal cost that was reimbursable to the investor. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple exchange agreement with the Note holder to convert approximately $1.7 million principal and $0.2 million accrued interest into approximately 13.1 million shares of common stock at fair value of $2.7 million. The Company recorded approximately $0.8 million debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.
[8]	On December 29, 2017, the Company entered a promissory note agreements (the “Note”) with a third party for principal amount of $2.2 million. The Note bore interest at 8% per annum, and is payable upon demand.
[9]	The two mortgage loans were originally due in August 2017 and November 2017, and have been renewed for additional one year until August 16, 2018 and November 16, 2018. The Company recorded $521,000 renewal fees during the year ended December 31, 2017.
[10]	2014 Senior Convertible Notes Due to the Nasdaq delisting on December 19, 2016, the term of the 2014 Convertible Senior Notes (the “2014 Notes”) Indenture required the Company to offer to repurchase the entire principal and all remaining interest through the Notes’ original maturity date. The debt holders (the “Holders”) accepted the offer, and the Company was required to repurchase the entire 2014 Notes on March 10, 2017. The full repurchase of $11 million of 2014 Notes, as well as $660,000 of interest payments and cash and stock forbearance payments were completed during the year ended December 31, 2017, through a series of transactions. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company entered into multiple agreements to extend the date for payment of the 2014 Notes to June 20, 2017. As an additional consideration to the Holders to delay the 2014 Notes repayment, the Company issued the Holders an aggregate 7.1 million shares of common stock. The total forbearance charge of $2.6 million was recorded as a debt extinguishment loss and was based upon the fair value of the common stock of $2.1 million on the grant date and cash payments of $0.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company repaid in cash $3.0 million of principal of the 2014 Notes, and repaid an additional $3.0 million of principal in common stock and warrants, and $5 million of principal of the 2014 Notes was repurchased by the investor pursuant to an Exchange Agreement and Note Agreement, as described below. 2017 Secured Convertible Notes On June 21, 2017, an unaffiliated investor (the “Investor”) agreed to purchase $5.0 million of the 2014 Notes from the Holders, pursuant to a Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”). Also, on June 21, 2017, the Company and the Investor entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which the Investor agreed to exchange its $5.0 million of the 2014 Note for new convertible notes (the “2017 Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $5.6 million, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%. The Company and the Investor also entered another secured convertible note with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $355,000, inclusive of original issue discount of approximately 9%, for $204,000 in cash. Total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2017 was $5.4 million under the 2017 Secured Convertible Notes. The 2017 Notes have a 3-year maturity and bear interest at 12% per annum. No interest will be payable during the term, but interest will accrue and be payable at maturity. The 2017 Notes are secured by the property owned by the Company in the U.K., and not by any other assets of the Company. The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share. The transaction was accounted for as a debt extinguishment. The Company recorded an approximate $1.8 million embedded conversion feature on the 2017 Notes as part of debt discount on the issuance date. On August 4, 2017, the Company induced the holder to convert $650,000 principal of the 2017 Notes into approximately 3.3 million shares of common stock at fair value of $0.24. In addition, the Company also issued approximately 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.23 and 1.6 million warrants with an exercise price of $0.30. The aggregate fair value of these 3.2 million warrants was approximately $0.4 million using a Black-Scholes model. The Company also reversed approximately $108,000 of embedded derivative liabilities and a $256,000 unamortized debt discount associated with the 2017 Notes. The Company recorded approximately $668,000 debt extinguishment loss from this conversion.
[11]	During the year ended December 31, 2017, the holder of the Company’s share-settled debt converted approximately $1.9 million of outstanding share-settled debt.
[12]	This $135,000 note as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 consists of two separate 6% notes in the amounts of $110,000 and $25,000. In regard to the $110,000 note, the Company has made ongoing attempts to locate the creditor to repay or convert this note, but has been unable to locate the creditor to date. In regard to the $25,000 note, the holder has elected to convert these notes into equity, the Company has delivered the applicable conversion documents to the holder, and the Company is waiting for the holder to execute and return the documents.

Notes Payable (Details 1)

Notes Payable (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Other interest expenses	$ 11	$ 6
Interest Expense, Debt	5,545	3,818
Amortization of debt discount	1,516	850
Secured Debt [Member]
Contractual interest	1,263	1,259
Amortization of debt issuance costs	495	568
Interest Expense, Debt	1,758	1,827
Notes Payable, Other Payables [Member]
Contractual interest	1,924	1,152
Interest Expense, Debt	3,177	1,152
Additional Debt Premium	407	0
Amortization of debt discount	846	0
Senior Convertiable Note [Member]
Contractual interest	424	551
Amortization of debt issuance costs	175	282
Interest and Debt Expense	$ 599	$ 833

Notes Payable (Details Textual)

Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions	Nov. 08, 2017	Apr. 12, 2017	Mar. 03, 2017	Nov. 04, 2016	Oct. 17, 2017	Dec. 30, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 30, 2017
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount							$ 1,892,000	$ 0
Debt Instrument, Face Amount							31,375,000	32,561,000
Notes Payable									$ 135,000
Legal Fees							9,041,000	8,941,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable							9,564,000	5,450,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt							(12,569,000)	(1,152,000)
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium							355,000
Embedded Derivative Financial Instruments [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt							$ 5,200,000
Note One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage							8.00%
Debt Instrument, Term							6 months
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs							$ 300,000
Legal Fees							10,000
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount					$ 2,310,000
Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Principal							2,310,000
Debt Instrument, Increase, Accrued Interest					100,000
Promissory Note [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage				10.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount				$ 2,450,000
Debt Instrument, Term				1 year
November 2016 Notes and March 2017 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount							4,200,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt							1,000,000
Six Percentage Note Payable One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable							$ 110,000
Six Percentage Note Payable Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Notes Payable								$ 25,000
Senior Convertible Notes 2017 [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Description							The 2017 Notes and accrued interest will be convertible at any time during the term at fixed conversion prices: 50% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.25 per share, 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $0.50 per share and 25% of the principal and accrued interest will be convertible at $1.00 per share.
March 2017 Notes [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage			3.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount			$ 1,450,000
Repayments of Notes Payable		$ 258,000
Proceeds from Notes Payable			$ 1,400,000
Note Amendment [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt							$ 2,400,000
Debt Instrument, Unamortized Premium							407,000
New Note One [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount					$ 1,214,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage					8.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date					Sep. 3, 2018
New Note Two [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount	$ 1,196,000
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	8.00%
Debt Instrument, Maturity Date	Dec. 5, 2018
Investor [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage						8.00%
Debt Instrument, Face Amount						$ 3.3
Debt Instrument, Term						18 months
Debt Related Commitment Fees and Debt Issuance Costs						$ 300,000
Legal Fees						$ 10,000
Common Stock [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount							$ 5,800,000
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued							24.7
Warrant [Member]
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount							$ 4,600,000
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights							$ 0.53
Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued							43.8

Net Loss per Share Applicable52

Net Loss per Share Applicable to Common Stockholders (Details 1) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	520,027	77,024
Common stock options [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	12,656	1,551
Common stock warrants equity treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	30,838	38,241
Common stock warrants liability treatment [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	289,568	20,037
Convertible notes and accrued interest [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	15,735	1,766
Share Settled Debt [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	18,211	15,429
Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	97,200	0
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities	55,819	0

Related Party Transactions (Det

Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Fair value of Convertible Preferred Stock	$ 1,892	$ 0
Additional research and development cost recorded from Cognate settlement	8,395	$ 0
Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]
Unpaid invoices for 2016 and 2017	(21,963)
Fair value of Class D-1 and Class D-2 warrants	11,204
Cognate BioServices Inc [Member] | 2016 Related Party Obligations [Member]
Additional research and development cost recorded from Cognate settlement	8,395
Series Preferred Stock [Member] | Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]
Fair value of Convertible Preferred Stock	6,919
Series B Preferred Stock [Member] | Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]
Fair value of Convertible Preferred Stock	$ 12,235

Related Party Transactions (D54

Related Party Transactions (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate and Advent BioServices research and development cost - services	$ 33,515	$ 60,081
Research and development cost from Cognate settlement	8,395	0
Cognate Bioservices [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Cognate and Advent BioServices research and development cost - services	16,227	34,665
Stock issued to and returned by Cognate	0	13,654
Research and development cost from Cognate settlement	8,395	0
Total	$ 24,622	$ 48,319

Related Party Transactions (D55

Related Party Transactions (Details Textual) - USD ($)

1 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 17, 2017

Dec. 22, 2016

Sep. 30, 2016

Aug. 30, 2016

Nov. 20, 2015

Oct. 08, 2015

Dec. 31, 2017

Sep. 07, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Nov. 28, 2016

Sep. 07, 2016

Apr. 26, 2016

Jan. 17, 2014

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues

18,800,000

Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity

$ 7,500,000

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 31,375,000

$ 32,561,000

Stock Outstanding ,Percentage Limit

20.00%

Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding

328,900,000

157,000,000

Adjustments to Additional Paid in Capital, Other

$ 22,500,000

$ 3,750,000

Stock Repurchased During Period, Value

$ 732

$ 0

Due to Related Parties

414,000

Repayments of Related Party Debt

1,994,000

0

Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Accounts Payable, Related Parties

$ 221,000

Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares

731,980

Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding

731,980

Debt Conversion, Original Debt, Amount

22,000,000

Due to Related Parties

$ 4,500,000

Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Issued upon Conversion

10

Cognate BioServices Inc [Member] | Series Preferred Stock [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)

2,900,000

Cognate BioServices Inc [Member] | Series B Preferred Stock [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued (in shares)

5,200,000

Class D 2 Warrants [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Number of Warrants Issued

52,000,000

Class D 1 Warrants [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Number of Warrants Issued

29,400,000

Goldman Note [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 4.98

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 400,000

$ 1,335,000

$ 260,000

Debt Instrument Repayment, Percentage of Warrants

35.00%

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

8.00%

12.00%

Debt Instrument, Periodic Payment, Total

$ 403,858

Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right

28,384

Warrant Issued Term

5 years

Due to Related Parties

47,000,000,000

Repayments of Related Party Debt

1,230,000

350,000

Goldman Note One [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 470,000

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

12.00%

Goldman Note Two [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 864,000

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

10.00%

Toucan Notes [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 1,170,000

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

10.00%

Due to Related Parties

$ 407,000,000,000

Repayments of Related Party Debt

764,000

Other Payables [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Due to Related Parties

60,000,000,000

Multiple Demand Promissory Notes [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 300,000

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

10.00%

Condition One [Member] | Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures

8,052,092

Condition Two [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

$ 3,000,000

Condition Three [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

1,500,000

Condition Three [Member] | Cognate BioServices Inc [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares

731,980

Condition Four [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

2,000,000

Condition Five [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

3,000,000

Condition Six [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

5,000,000

Cognate Bioservices [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Research and Development Arrangement, Contract to Perform for Others, Costs Incurred, Gross

$ 4,200,000

Accounts Payable, Related Parties

5,200,000

$ 23,400,000

Accounts Receivable, Net

$ 3,750,000

Cognate Bioservices [Member] | Condition One [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures

8,052,092

Cognate Bioservices [Member] | Condition Two [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 4.27

Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares

6,880,574

Class of Warrant or Right, Warrants Issued

4,305,772

Class of Warrant or Right, Warrant Term

5 years

Cognate Bioservices [Member] | Condition Three [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Restricted Stock Award, Net of Forfeitures

5,101,330

Stock Repurchased During Period, Shares

731,980

Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount

$ 5,000,000

Jerry Jasinowski [Member]

Related Party Transaction [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues

1,285,714

Shares Issued, Price Per Share

$ 0.35

Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity

$ 450,000

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.35

Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights

642,857

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit56

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017		Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Number of Warrants, Outstanding as of December 31, 2015	58,278		27,267
Number of Warrants, Warrants granted in a registered direct offering			14,485
Number of Warrants, Warrants granted to Cognate			35,504
Number of Warrants, Warrants canceled by Cognate			(37,147)
Number of Warrants, Warrants exercised for cash	(24,558)		(15,357)
Number of Warrants, warrants granted	362,240		35,287
Number of Warrants, Cashless Warrants exercise	(16,071)
Number of Warrants, Warrants expired and cancellation	(59,483)		(1,761)
Number of Warrants, Outstanding	320,406	[1]	58,278	27,267
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 1.78		$ 4.4
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants granted in a registered direct offering			2.7
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants granted to Cognate			0.69
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants canceled by Cognate			0.35
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants exercised for cash	0.11		0.53
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants granted	0.36		0.43
Weighted average exercise Price - Cashless warrants exercise	0.20
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Warrants expired and cancelled	1.4		9.36
Weighted Average Exercise Price - Outstanding	$ 0.5	[1]	$ 1.78	$ 4.4
Remaining Contractual Term	2 years 7 months 13 days	[1]	3 years 10 months 10 days	2 years 8 months 12 days
[1]	Approximately 200 million warrants were subject to limitation on exercisability and were not exercisable as of December 31, 2017.

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit57

Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 17, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues	18.8
Sale of Stock, Price Per Share	$ 0.26
Proceeds from Issuance or Sale of Equity	$ 7.5
Series A Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	21.6
Class of Warrants, Expiration Term	5 years
Series B Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 1
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	21.6
Series C Warrants [Member]
Shareholders Deficit [Line Items]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights	$ 0.26
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights	10
Class Of Warrant Or Right Prefunded Exercise Price	$ 0.25
Class Of Warrant Or Right Exercise Price, Payable On exercise Of Warrant	$ 0.01
Warrants and Rights Outstanding		$ 6.2

Variable Interest Entities (Det

Variable Interest Entities (Details Textual) - Variable Interest Entity, Primary Beneficiary [Member] - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended
	Oct. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2017
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Variable Interest Entity, Consolidated, Carrying Amount, Liabilities	$ 5.7
Variable Interest Entity, Financial or Other Support, Amount	$ 3.8
Variable Interest Entity, Reporting Entity Involvement, Maximum Loss Exposure, Amount		$ 4.5

Commitments and Contingencies59

Commitments and Contingencies (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
2,018	$ 1,111
2,019	503
Total	1,644
Germany [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
2,018	21
2,019	0
Total	21
U.S [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
2,018	325
2,019	81
Total	406
UNITED KINGDOM
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
2,018	765	[1]
2,019	422	[1]
Total	1,187	[1]
UNITED KINGDOM | Advent [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
2,018	723,000
2,019	$ 422,000
[1]	Includes $723,000 and $422,000 of minimum lease payments under a lease where Advent is the lessee in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Although the Company is not a party to this lease, Advent is charging the Company its share of the cost of this lease on a monthly basis and therefore the Company is including the minimum lease payments in the above table.

Commitments and Contingencies60

Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual)	Oct. 10, 2017a	Jun. 22, 2017USD ($)	Mar. 26, 2016	Oct. 28, 2013	Jul. 31, 2012	Mar. 30, 2018USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016USD ($)	Dec. 30, 2017USD ($)	Jan. 17, 2014USD ($)
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Office Space Taken Under Lease Agreement			505		7,097
Operating Leases, Rent Expense							$ 300,000	$ 300,000
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, Payments, Due									$ 479,000
Loss Contingency, Damages Sought, Value		$ 496,000
Area of Land | a	275,000
Lessor, Operating Lease, Variable Lease Payment, Terms and Conditions	The tenant will undertake at least $1.1 million of repairs and improvements to the building in return for five and a half months of free rent (which began upon execution of the lease and ends on March 24, 2018). Thereafter, the tenant will pay rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.0 million for the first year, and thereafter rent at an annualized rate of approximately $1.4 million for each year or partial year for the rest of the lease term, plus VAT. The tenant will also pay a proportional share of the common costs and the insurance costs for the overall site.
Lessor, Operating Lease, Term of Contract	5 years
Subsequent Event [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Operating Leases, Rent Expense						$ 27,000
UNITED KINGDOM
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Office Space Taken Under Lease Agreement				4,251
Operating Leases, Rent Expense							$ 151,000
Condition Two [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										$ 3,000,000
Condition Three [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										1,500,000
Condition Four [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										2,000,000
Condition Five [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										3,000,000
Condition Six [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										5,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition One [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										3,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Two [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										5,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Three [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										1,500,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Four [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										2,000,000
DCVax-Direct Agreement [Member] | Condition Five [Member]
Commitments And Contingencies [Line Items]
Contingent Liability Dcvax Direct Agreement Amount										$ 3,000,000

Income Taxes (Details)

Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Deferred tax asset
Net operating loss carryforward	$ 153,415	$ 204,106
Research and development credit carry forwards	15,426	14,911
Stock based compensation and other	9,814	17,106
Total deferred tax assets	178,655	236,123
Valuation Allowance	(178,655)	(236,123)
Deferred tax asset, net of allowance	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes (Details 1)

Income Taxes (Details 1)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Statutory federal income tax rate	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%
State taxes, net of federal tax benefit			4.00%	1.80%
Tax rate differential on foreign income			(0.40%)	(2.30%)
Derivative gain or loss and other			(1.20%)	7.60%
Cancellation of shares			0.20%	(16.60%)
Cancellation of warrants			(0.20%)	(7.80%)
R&D Credit			(0.70%)	2.80%
Other permanent items and true ups			(8.60%)	2.70%
Change in rate			(107.00%)	0.00%
Change in valuation allowance			78.60%	(22.20%)
Income tax provision (benefit)			0.00%	0.00%

Income Taxes (Details 2)

Income Taxes (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Federal
Current	$ 0	$ 0
Deferred	(59,454)	(11,160)
State
Current	0	0
Deferred	2,911	(1,427)
Foreign
Current	0	0
Deferred	(924)	(5,189)
Change in valuation allowance	57,467	17,776
Income tax provision (benefit)	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes (Details Textual)

Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 22, 2017	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%	34.00%
Deferred Tax Assets Tax Credit Carry Forward Unused Research And Development			$ 15.4
Operating Loss Carryforwards			153.4
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets , Amount	$ 78.3
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Change in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance, Amount	$ 78.3
Scenario, Plan [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, at Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate, Percent	21.00%	21.00%
Foreign Tax Authority [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Operating Loss Carryforwards			$ 26.2

Subsequent Events (Details Text

Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($)

Mar. 14, 2018

Mar. 12, 2018

Mar. 07, 2018

Jan. 14, 2018

Jun. 13, 2017

Feb. 26, 2018

Mar. 17, 2017

Apr. 30, 2018

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Mar. 19, 2018

Dec. 31, 2015

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues

18,800,000

Sale of Stock, Price Per Share

$ 0.26

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount

$ 1,892,000

$ 0

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

31,375,000

32,561,000

Proceeds from Warrant Exercises

$ 2,866,000

$ 8,066,000

Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding

320,406

[1]

58,278

27,267

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price

$ 0.25

Subsequent Event [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Period

10 years

10 years

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Shares Issued

5,000,000

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Amount

$ 1,700,000

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 400,000

Convertible Preferred Stock, Shares Issued upon Conversion

69,600,000

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Interest Amount

$ 56,000

Shares Issued During Period Shares Upon Exercise Of Warrants

6,800,000

Proceeds from Warrant Exercises

$ 1,600,000

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price

$ 0.30

Subsequent Event [Member] | January Options [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Number of Shares Authorized Percentage

12.00%

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price

$ 0.23

Subsequent Event [Member] | Linda Powers [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

29,400,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Les Goldman [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

19,600,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Other [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

9,000,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member] | January Options [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche One [Member] | February Options [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member] | January Options [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share-based Compensation Award, Tranche Two [Member] | February Options [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Award Vesting Rights, Percentage

50.00%

Subsequent Event [Member] | Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues

300,000

Sale of Stock, Price Per Share

$ 1.70

Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted

6,500,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues

1,200,000

Sale of Stock, Price Per Share

$ 2.30

Conversion of Stock, Shares Converted

400,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Jerry Jasinowski [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

4,900,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Navid Malik [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

9,065,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Ambassador Cofer Black [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Exercisable, Number

1,715,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Class D 1 Warrant [Member] | Series A Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues

$ 500,000

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.22

Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights

2,900,000

Class of Warrants, Expiration Term

2 years

Subsequent Event [Member] | Class D 2 Warrant [Member] | Series B Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Value, New Issues

$ 2,800,000

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.30

Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights

12,000,000

Class of Warrants, Expiration Term

2 years

Subsequent Event [Member] | Warrant One [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.175

Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding

92,900,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Warrant Two [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class Of Warrant Or Right, Outstanding

31,100,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.22

Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Warrant One [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.24

Class of Warrant or Right, Date from which Warrants or Rights Exercisable

Sep. 15, 2018

Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | Warrant Two [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.24

Class of Warrant or Right, Date from which Warrants or Rights Exercisable

Apr. 16, 2019

Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.30

Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Warrant One [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 2.50

Class of Warrant or Right, Date from which Warrants or Rights Exercisable

Jun. 30, 2022

Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | Warrant Two [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.55

Class of Warrant or Right, Date from which Warrants or Rights Exercisable

Aug. 1, 2023

Subsequent Event [Member] | Share Settled Debt [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Other

4,300,000

Subsequent Event [Member] | Chief Executive Officer [Member]

Subsequent Event [Line Items]

Debt Instrument, Term

15 days

Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage

10.00%

Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights

$ 0.30

Debt Instrument, Face Amount

$ 4,000,000

Debt Instrument, Convertible, Conversion Price

$ 2.30

Debt Conversion, Converted Instrument, Warrants or Options Issued

8,695,652

[1]

Approximately 200 million warrants were subject to limitation on exercisability and were not exercisable as of December 31, 2017.