LOANS | LOANS Major classifications of loans at December 31 were as follows (in thousands): 2018 2017 Commercial and industrial $ 77,740 36,057 Commercial, secured by real estate 740,647 527,947 Residential real estate 349,127 251,582 Consumer 17,283 17,450 Agricultural 13,297 15,194 Other loans, including deposit overdrafts 450 539 1,198,544 848,769 Deferred origination costs, net 79 291 1,198,623 849,060 Less allowance for loan losses 4,046 3,403 Loans-net $ 1,194,577 845,657 Non-accrual, past-due, and accruing restructured loans at December 31 were as follows (dollars in thousands): 2018 2017 Non-accrual loans: Commercial and industrial $ — — Commercial, secured by real estate 1,767 2,183 Residential real estate 1,007 604 Agricultural 177 178 Total non-accrual loans 2,951 2,965 Past-due 90 days or more and still accruing 149 — Total non-accrual and past-due 90 days or more and still accruing 3,100 2,965 Accruing restructured loans 10,516 10,469 Total $ 13,616 13,434 Percentage of total non-accrual and past-due 90 days or more and still accruing to total loans 0.26 % 0.35 % Percentage of total non-accrual, past-due 90 days or more and still accruing, and accruing restructured loans to total loans 1.14 % 1.58 % Interest income that would have been recorded during 2018 and 2017 if loans on non-accrual status at December 31, 2018 and 2017 had been current and in accordance with their original terms was approximately $187,000 and $202,000 , respectively. The Company is not committed to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Commercial & Industrial Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Agricultural Other Total 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 Provision charged to expenses 21 473 213 133 (7 ) 90 923 Losses charged off — (145 ) (234 ) (135 ) — (179 ) (693 ) Recoveries 1 239 71 13 — 89 413 Balance, end of year $ 400 2,745 767 87 46 1 4,046 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10 3 49 — — — 62 Collectively evaluated for impairment 390 2,742 718 87 46 1 3,984 Acquired credit impaired loans — — — — — — — Balance, end of year $ 400 2,745 767 87 46 1 4,046 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 268 15,101 1,558 36 177 — 17,140 Collectively evaluated for impairment 76,609 718,709 344,751 17,363 13,135 114 1,170,681 Acquired credit impaired loans 922 6,315 3,229 — — 336 10,802 Balance, end of year $ 77,799 740,125 349,538 17,399 13,312 450 1,198,623 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 350 2,179 885 96 60 5 3,575 Provision charged to expenses (71 ) 348 (83 ) (44 ) (7 ) 72 215 Losses charged off — (462 ) (225 ) (90 ) — (138 ) (915 ) Recoveries 99 113 140 114 — 62 528 Balance, end of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 146 29 8 — — 191 Collectively evaluated for impairment 370 2,032 688 68 53 1 3,212 Acquired credit impaired loans — — — — — — — Balance, end of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 303 11,289 1,351 47 177 — 13,167 Collectively evaluated for impairment 34,792 512,259 248,674 17,516 15,033 137 828,411 Acquired credit impaired loans 1,008 4,048 2,024 — — 402 7,482 Balance, end of year $ 36,103 527,596 252,049 17,563 15,210 539 849,060 Commercial & Industrial Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Agricultural Other Total 2016 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 244 1,908 854 54 66 3 3,129 Provision charged to expenses 314 358 106 74 (6 ) 67 913 Losses charged off (234 ) (185 ) (127 ) (85 ) — (119 ) (750 ) Recoveries 26 98 52 53 — 54 283 Balance, end of year $ 350 2,179 885 96 60 5 3,575 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 9 55 100 13 — — 177 Collectively evaluated for impairment 341 1,832 785 83 60 5 3,106 Acquired credit impaired loans — 292 — — — — 292 Balance, end of year $ 350 2,179 885 96 60 5 3,575 The risk characteristics of LCNB's material loan portfolio segments were as follows: Commercial and Industrial Loans. LCNB’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio consists of loans for various purposes, including loans to fund working capital requirements (such as inventory and receivables financing) and purchases of machinery and equipment. LCNB offers a variety of commercial and industrial loan arrangements, including term loans, balloon loans, and lines of credit. Most commercial and industrial loans have a fixed rate, with maturities ranging from one year to ten years . Commercial and industrial loans are offered to businesses and professionals for short and medium terms on both a collateralized and uncollateralized basis. Commercial and industrial loans typically are underwritten on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the business. Collateral, when obtained, may include liens on furniture, fixtures, equipment, inventory, receivables, or other assets. As a result, such loans involve complexities, variables, and risks that require thorough underwriting and more robust servicing than other types of loans. Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by a variety of commercial, retail, and office buildings, religious facilities, multifamily (more than four-family) residential properties, construction and land development loans, and other land loans. Commercial real estate loan products generally amortize over five to twenty-five years and are payable in monthly principal and interest installments. Some have balloon payments due within one to ten years after the origination date. The majority have adjustable interest rates with adjustment periods ranging from one to ten years, some of which are subject to established “floor” interest rates. Commercial real estate loans are underwritten based on the ability of the property, in the case of income producing property, or the borrower’s business to generate sufficient cash flow to amortize the debt. Secondary emphasis is placed upon global debt service, collateral value, financial strength of any and all guarantors, and other factors. Commercial real estate loans are generally originated with a 75% to 85% maximum loan to appraised value ratio, depending upon borrower occupancy. Residential Real Estate Loans. Residential real estate loans include loans secured by first or second mortgage liens on one to four-family residential property. Home equity lines of credit and mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied agricultural property are included in this category. First and second mortgage loans are generally amortized over five to thirty years with monthly principal and interest payments. Home equity lines of credit generally have a five year or less draw period with interest only payments followed by a repayment period with monthly payments based on the amount outstanding. LCNB offers both fixed and adjustable rate mortgage loans. Adjustable rate loans are available with adjustment periods ranging between one to ten years and adjust according to an established index plus a margin, subject to certain floor and ceiling rates. Home equity lines of credit have a variable rate based on the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus a margin. LCNB does not originate reverse mortgage loans or residential real estate loans generally considered to be “subprime.” Residential real estate loans are underwritten primarily based on the borrower’s ability to repay, prior credit history, and the value of the collateral. LCNB requires private mortgage insurance for first mortgage loans that have a loan to appraised value ratio of greater than 80% . Consumer Loans. LCNB’s portfolio of consumer loans generally includes secured and unsecured loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures. Secured loans include loans to fund the purchase of automobiles, recreational vehicles, boats, and similar acquisitions. Consumer loans made by LCNB generally have fixed rates and terms ranging up to 72 months, depending upon the nature of the collateral, size of the loan, and other relevant factors. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates, but pose additional risks of collectability and loss when compared to certain other types of loans. Collateral, if present, is generally subject to damage, wear, and depreciation. The borrower’s ability to repay is of primary importance in the underwriting of consumer loans. Agricultural Loans. LCNB’s portfolio of agricultural loans includes loans for financing agricultural production or for financing the purchase of equipment used in the production of agricultural products. LCNB’s agricultural loans are generally secured by farm machinery, livestock, crops, vehicles, or other agricultural-related collateral. The Company uses a risk-rating system to quantify loan quality. A loan is assigned to a risk category based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service the debt including, but not limited to, current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The categories used are: • Pass – loans categorized in this category are higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) - loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak. These loans constitute a risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset. • Substandard – loans in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful – loans classified in this category have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. An analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicators at December 31 is as follows (in thousands): Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total 2018 Commercial & industrial $ 74,530 89 3,180 — 77,799 Commercial, secured by real estate 718,233 768 21,124 — 740,125 Residential real estate 344,432 — 5,106 — 349,538 Consumer 17,381 — 18 — 17,399 Agricultural 13,116 — 196 — 13,312 Other 450 — — — 450 Total $ 1,168,142 857 29,624 — 1,198,623 2017 Commercial & industrial $ 35,683 176 244 — 36,103 Commercial, secured by real estate 506,833 2,180 18,583 — 527,596 Residential real estate 250,039 — 2,010 — 252,049 Consumer 17,522 — 41 — 17,563 Agricultural 14,233 — 977 — 15,210 Other 539 — — — 539 Total $ 824,849 2,356 21,855 — 849,060 The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology on an ongoing basis. No significant changes were made to either during the past year. A loan portfolio aging analysis at December 31 is as follows (in thousands): 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Total Loans Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 2018 Commercial & industrial $ 626 173 — 799 77,000 77,799 — Commercial, secured by real estate 347 141 347 835 739,290 740,125 — Residential real estate 905 536 1,046 2,487 347,051 349,538 149 Consumer 14 — — 14 17,385 17,399 — Agricultural 19 — 178 197 13,115 13,312 — Other 114 — — 114 336 450 — Total $ 2,025 850 1,571 4,446 1,194,177 1,198,623 149 2017 Commercial & industrial $ — — — — 36,103 36,103 — Commercial, secured by real estate 124 — 598 722 526,874 527,596 — Residential real estate 362 135 496 993 251,056 252,049 — Consumer 29 2 — 31 17,532 17,563 — Agricultural — — 177 177 15,033 15,210 — Other 82 — — 82 457 539 — Total $ 597 137 1,271 2,005 847,055 849,060 — Impaired loans, including acquired credit impaired loans, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 926 1,457 — 945 71 Commercial, secured by real estate 21,266 22,451 — 17,353 1,136 Residential real estate 4,122 4,872 — 3,580 258 Consumer 13 13 — 32 3 Agricultural 177 177 — 177 — Other 336 475 — 379 41 Total $ 26,840 29,445 — 22,466 1,509 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 264 269 10 279 17 Commercial, secured by real estate 150 150 3 153 11 Residential real estate 665 684 49 583 37 Consumer 23 23 — 24 1 Agricultural — — — — — Other — — — — — Total $ 1,102 1,126 62 1,039 66 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 1,190 1,726 10 1,224 88 Commercial, secured by real estate 21,416 22,601 3 17,506 1,147 Residential real estate 4,787 5,556 49 4,163 295 Consumer 36 36 — 56 4 Agricultural 177 177 — 177 — Other 336 475 — 379 41 Total $ 27,942 30,571 62 23,505 1,575 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 1,015 1,100 — 685 88 Commercial, secured by real estate 12,677 13,608 — 14,113 1,068 Residential real estate 2,822 3,516 — 3,216 546 Consumer 6 6 — 20 2 Agricultural 177 177 — 269 12 Other 402 554 — 441 55 Total $ 17,099 18,961 — 18,744 1,771 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 296 301 8 311 18 Commercial, secured by real estate 2,660 2,660 146 2,739 45 Residential real estate 553 572 29 596 19 Consumer 41 41 8 43 3 Agricultural — — — — — Other — — — — — Total $ 3,550 3,574 191 3,689 85 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 1,311 1,401 8 996 106 Commercial, secured by real estate 15,337 16,268 146 16,852 1,113 Residential real estate 3,375 4,088 29 3,812 565 Consumer 47 47 8 63 5 Agricultural 177 177 — 269 12 Other 402 554 — 441 55 Total $ 20,649 22,535 191 22,433 1,856 Average Interest 2016 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 998 151 Commercial, secured by real estate 15,274 1,140 Residential real estate 3,736 369 Consumer 37 29 Agricultural 392 136 Other 481 77 Total $ 20,918 1,902 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 341 19 Commercial, secured by real estate 4,194 257 Residential real estate 651 36 Consumer 43 3 Agricultural — — Other — — Total $ 5,229 315 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 1,339 170 Commercial, secured by real estate 19,468 1,397 Residential real estate 4,387 405 Consumer 80 32 Agricultural 392 136 Other 481 77 Total $ 26,147 2,217 Of the interest income recognized on impaired loans during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 , approximately $89,000 , $28,000 , and $51,000 , respectively, were recognized on a cash basis. The Company continued to accrue interest on certain loans classified as impaired during 2018 , 2017 , and 2016 because they were restructured or considered well secured and in the process of collection. From time to time, the terms of certain loans are modified as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") where concessions are granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The modification of the terms of such loans may have included one, or a combination of, the following: a temporary or permanent reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an increase in the stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, forgiveness of principal, an extension of the maturity date, or a change in the payment terms. Loan modifications that were classified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31 were as follows (dollars in thousands): 2018 2017 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Balance Post-Modification Recorded Balance Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Balance Post-Modification Recorded Balance Commercial and industrial — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Commercial, secured by real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate 3 505 505 1 18 9 Consumer 1 1 1 1 14 14 Totals 4 $ 506 $ 506 2 $ 32 $ 23 Post-modification balances of newly restructured troubled debt by type of modification for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Term Modification Rate Modification Interest Only Principal Forgiveness Combination Total Modifications 2018 Commercial & industrial $ — — — — — — Commercial, secured by real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate 380 — — — 125 505 Consumer — — — — 1 1 Total $ 380 — — — 126 506 2017 Commercial & industrial $ — — — — — — Commercial, secured by real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate — — — 9 — 9 Consumer 14 — — — — 14 Total $ 14 — — 9 — 23 LCNB is not committed to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms were modified in a troubled debt restructuring. There were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring date for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2016 . Two commercial, secured by real estate loans to the same borrower totaling $1,236,000 that were modified during the fourth quarter 2016 subsequently defaulted in February 2017. All troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans. The allowance for loan loss on such restructured loans is based on the present value of future expected cash flows. Information concerning the post-modification balances of loans that were modified during the year ended December 31 and that were determined to be troubled debt restructurings follows (in thousands): 2018 2017 Impaired loans without a valuation allowance at the end of the period 380 — Impaired loans with a valuation allowance at the end of the period 126 23 Mortgage loans sold to and serviced for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and other investors are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of those loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were approximately $97,685,000 and $92,818,000 , respectively. Mortgage servicing right assets are included in core deposit and other intangibles in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of mortgage servicing rights is an adjustment to loan servicing income, which is included with other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. Activity in the mortgage servicing rights portfolio during the years ended December 31 was as follows (in thousands): 2018 2017 2016 Balance, beginning of year $ 396 428 488 Amount obtained through a merger 91 — — Amount capitalized to mortgage servicing rights 113 91 109 Amortization of mortgage servicing rights (125 ) (123 ) (169 ) Balance, end of year $ 475 396 428 |