LOANS | LOANS Major classifications of loans at December 31 were as follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 Commercial and industrial $ 78,306 77,740 Commercial, secured by real estate 804,953 740,647 Residential real estate 322,533 349,127 Consumer 25,232 17,283 Agricultural 11,509 13,297 Other loans, including deposit overdrafts 1,193 450 1,243,726 1,198,544 Deferred origination (fees) costs, net (275 ) 79 1,243,451 1,198,623 Less allowance for loan losses 4,045 4,046 Loans-net $ 1,239,406 1,194,577 Non-accrual, past-due, and accruing restructured loans at December 31 were as follows (dollars in thousands): 2019 2018 Non-accrual loans: Commercial and industrial $ — — Commercial, secured by real estate 2,467 1,767 Residential real estate 743 1,007 Agricultural — 177 Total non-accrual loans 3,210 2,951 Past-due 90 days or more and still accruing — 149 Total non-accrual and past-due 90 days or more and still accruing 3,210 3,100 Accruing restructured loans 6,609 10,516 Total $ 9,819 13,616 Percentage of total non-accrual and past-due 90 days or more and still accruing to total loans 0.26 % 0.26 % Percentage of total non-accrual, past-due 90 days or more and still accruing, and accruing restructured loans to total loans 0.79 % 1.14 % Interest income that would have been recorded during 2019 and 2018 if loans on non-accrual status at December 31, 2019 and 2018 had been current and in accordance with their original terms was approximately $75,000 and $187,000 , respectively. The Company is not committed to lend additional funds to debtors whose loans have been modified to provide a reduction or deferral of principal or interest because of deterioration in the financial position of the borrower. The allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in loans for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Commercial & Industrial Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Agricultural Other Total 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 400 2,745 767 87 46 1 4,046 Provision charged to expenses 103 266 (264 ) 4 (12 ) 110 207 Losses charged off (47 ) (143 ) (272 ) (24 ) — (181 ) (667 ) Recoveries — 56 297 32 — 74 459 Balance, end of year $ 456 2,924 528 99 34 4 4,045 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 6 272 17 — — — 295 Collectively evaluated for impairment 450 2,652 511 99 34 4 3,750 Acquired credit impaired loans — — — — — — — Balance, end of year $ 456 2,924 528 99 34 4 4,045 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 230 7,432 949 27 — — 8,638 Collectively evaluated for impairment 77,430 793,191 319,188 25,328 11,523 930 1,227,590 Acquired credit impaired loans 711 3,531 2,718 — — 263 7,223 Balance, end of year $ 78,371 804,154 322,855 25,355 11,523 1,193 1,243,451 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 Provision charged to expenses 21 473 213 133 (7 ) 90 923 Losses charged off — (145 ) (234 ) (135 ) — (179 ) (693 ) Recoveries 1 239 71 13 — 89 413 Balance, end of year $ 400 2,745 767 87 46 1 4,046 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 10 3 49 — — — 62 Collectively evaluated for impairment 390 2,742 718 87 46 1 3,984 Acquired credit impaired loans — — — — — — — Balance, end of year $ 400 2,745 767 87 46 1 4,046 Loans: Individually evaluated for impairment $ 268 15,101 1,558 36 177 — 17,140 Collectively evaluated for impairment 76,609 718,709 344,751 17,363 13,135 114 1,170,681 Acquired credit impaired loans 922 6,315 3,229 — — 336 10,802 Balance, end of year $ 77,799 740,125 349,538 17,399 13,312 450 1,198,623 Commercial & Industrial Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Residential Real Estate Consumer Agricultural Other Total 2017 Allowance for loan losses: Balance, beginning of year $ 350 2,179 885 96 60 5 3,575 Provision charged to expenses (71 ) 348 (83 ) (44 ) (7 ) 72 215 Losses charged off — (462 ) (225 ) (90 ) — (138 ) (915 ) Recoveries 99 113 140 114 — 62 528 Balance, end of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 Individually evaluated for impairment $ 8 146 29 8 — — 191 Collectively evaluated for impairment 370 2,032 688 68 53 1 3,212 Acquired credit impaired loans — — — — — — — Balance, end of year $ 378 2,178 717 76 53 1 3,403 The risk characteristics of LCNB's material loan portfolio segments were as follows: Commercial and Industrial Loans. LCNB’s commercial and industrial loan portfolio consists of loans for various purposes, including loans to fund working capital requirements (such as inventory and receivables financing) and purchases of machinery and equipment. LCNB offers a variety of commercial and industrial loan arrangements, including term loans, balloon loans, and lines of credit. Most commercial and industrial loans have a fixed rate, with maturities ranging from one year to ten years . Commercial and industrial loans are offered to businesses and professionals for short and medium terms on both a collateralized and uncollateralized basis. Commercial and industrial loans typically are underwritten on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the business. Collateral, when obtained, may include liens on furniture, fixtures, equipment, inventory, receivables, or other assets. As a result, such loans involve complexities, variables, and risks that require thorough underwriting and more robust servicing than other types of loans. Commercial, Secured by Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by a variety of commercial, retail, and office buildings, religious facilities, multifamily (more than four-family) residential properties, construction and land development loans, and other land loans. Commercial real estate loan products generally amortize over five to twenty-five years and are payable in monthly principal and interest installments. Some have balloon payments due within one to ten years after the origination date. The majority have adjustable interest rates with adjustment periods ranging from one to ten years, some of which are subject to established “floor” interest rates. Commercial real estate loans are underwritten based on the ability of the property, in the case of income producing property, or the borrower’s business to generate sufficient cash flow to amortize the debt. Secondary emphasis is placed upon global debt service, collateral value, financial strength of any and all guarantors, and other factors. Commercial real estate loans are generally originated with a 75% to 85% maximum loan to appraised value ratio, depending upon borrower occupancy. Residential Real Estate Loans. Residential real estate loans include loans secured by first or second mortgage liens on one to four-family residential property. Home equity lines of credit and mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied agricultural property are included in this category. First and second mortgage loans are generally amortized over five to thirty years with monthly principal and interest payments. Home equity lines of credit generally have a five year or less draw period with interest only payments followed by a repayment period with monthly payments based on the amount outstanding. LCNB offers both fixed and adjustable rate mortgage loans. Adjustable rate loans are available with adjustment periods ranging between one to ten years and adjust according to an established index plus a margin, subject to certain floor and ceiling rates. Home equity lines of credit have a variable rate based on the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus a margin. LCNB does not originate reverse mortgage loans or residential real estate loans generally considered to be “subprime.” Residential real estate loans are underwritten primarily based on the borrower’s ability to repay, prior credit history, and the value of the collateral. LCNB requires private mortgage insurance for first mortgage loans that have a loan to appraised value ratio of greater than 80% . Consumer Loans. LCNB’s portfolio of consumer loans generally includes secured and unsecured loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures. Secured loans include loans to fund the purchase of automobiles, recreational vehicles, boats, and similar acquisitions. Consumer loans made by LCNB generally have fixed rates and terms ranging up to 72 months, depending upon the nature of the collateral, size of the loan, and other relevant factors. Consumer loans generally have higher interest rates, but pose additional risks of collectability and loss when compared to certain other types of loans. Collateral, if present, is generally subject to damage, wear, and depreciation. The borrower’s ability to repay is of primary importance in the underwriting of consumer loans. Agricultural Loans. LCNB’s portfolio of agricultural loans includes loans for financing agricultural production or for financing the purchase of equipment used in the production of agricultural products. LCNB’s agricultural loans are generally secured by farm machinery, livestock, crops, vehicles, or other agricultural-related collateral. The Company uses a risk-rating system to quantify loan quality. A loan is assigned to a risk category based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service the debt including, but not limited to, current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends. The categories used are: • Pass – loans categorized in this category are higher quality loans that do not fit any of the other categories described below. • Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM) - loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak. These loans constitute a risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an undue risk in light of the circumstances surrounding a specific asset. • Substandard – loans in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Doubtful – loans classified in this category have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. An analysis of the Company’s loan portfolio by credit quality indicators at December 31 is as follows (in thousands): Pass OAEM Substandard Doubtful Total 2019 Commercial & industrial $ 76,236 233 1,902 — 78,371 Commercial, secured by real estate 789,319 3,007 11,828 — 804,154 Residential real estate 319,075 267 3,513 — 322,855 Consumer 25,342 — 13 — 25,355 Agricultural 11,523 — — — 11,523 Other 1,193 — — — 1,193 Total $ 1,222,688 3,507 17,256 — 1,243,451 2018 Commercial & industrial $ 74,530 89 3,180 — 77,799 Commercial, secured by real estate 718,233 768 21,124 — 740,125 Residential real estate 344,432 — 5,106 — 349,538 Consumer 17,381 — 18 — 17,399 Agricultural 13,116 — 196 — 13,312 Other 450 — — — 450 Total $ 1,168,142 857 29,624 — 1,198,623 The Company evaluates the loan risk grading system definitions and allowance for loan loss methodology on an ongoing basis. No significant changes were made to either during the past year. A loan portfolio aging analysis at December 31 is as follows (in thousands): 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days Total Past Due Current Total Loans Receivable Total Loans Greater Than 90 Days and Accruing 2019 Commercial & industrial $ 283 — — 283 78,088 78,371 — Commercial, secured by real estate 339 — 1,171 1,510 802,644 804,154 — Residential real estate 1,573 260 423 2,256 320,599 322,855 — Consumer 27 9 — 36 25,319 25,355 — Agricultural — — — — 11,523 11,523 — Other 930 — — 930 263 1,193 — Total $ 3,152 269 1,594 5,015 1,238,436 1,243,451 — 2018 Commercial & industrial $ 626 173 — 799 77,000 77,799 — Commercial, secured by real estate 347 141 347 835 739,290 740,125 — Residential real estate 905 536 1,046 2,487 347,051 349,538 149 Consumer 14 — — 14 17,385 17,399 — Agricultural 19 — 178 197 13,115 13,312 — Other 114 — — 114 336 450 — Total $ 2,025 850 1,571 4,446 1,194,177 1,198,623 149 Impaired loans, including acquired credit impaired loans, for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 711 1,253 — 836 83 Commercial, secured by real estate 8,625 9,373 — 12,748 1,213 Residential real estate 3,118 3,651 — 3,704 311 Consumer 10 10 — 12 1 Agricultural — — — — — Other 263 392 — 310 35 Total $ 12,727 14,679 — 17,610 1,643 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 230 235 6 247 15 Commercial, secured by real estate 2,338 2,485 272 2,513 64 Residential real estate 549 549 17 528 35 Consumer 17 17 — 20 1 Agricultural — — — — — Other — — — — — Total $ 3,134 3,286 295 3,308 115 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 941 1,488 6 1,083 98 Commercial, secured by real estate 10,963 11,858 272 15,261 1,277 Residential real estate 3,667 4,200 17 4,232 346 Consumer 27 27 — 32 2 Agricultural — — — — — Other 263 392 — 310 35 Total $ 15,861 17,965 295 20,918 1,758 Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 926 1,457 — 945 71 Commercial, secured by real estate 21,266 22,451 — 17,353 1,136 Residential real estate 4,122 4,872 — 3,580 258 Consumer 13 13 — 32 3 Agricultural 177 177 — 177 — Other 336 475 — 379 41 Total $ 26,840 29,445 — 22,466 1,509 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 264 269 10 279 17 Commercial, secured by real estate 150 150 3 153 11 Residential real estate 665 684 49 583 37 Consumer 23 23 — 24 1 Agricultural — — — — — Other — — — — — Total $ 1,102 1,126 62 1,039 66 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 1,190 1,726 10 1,224 88 Commercial, secured by real estate 21,416 22,601 3 17,506 1,147 Residential real estate 4,787 5,556 49 4,163 295 Consumer 36 36 — 56 4 Agricultural 177 177 — 177 — Other 336 475 — 379 41 Total $ 27,942 30,571 62 23,505 1,575 Average Interest 2017 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 685 88 Commercial, secured by real estate 14,113 1,068 Residential real estate 3,216 546 Consumer 20 2 Agricultural 269 12 Other 441 55 Total $ 18,744 1,771 With an allowance recorded: Commercial & industrial $ 311 18 Commercial, secured by real estate 2,739 45 Residential real estate 596 19 Consumer 43 3 Agricultural — — Other — — Total $ 3,689 85 Total: Commercial & industrial $ 996 106 Commercial, secured by real estate 16,852 1,113 Residential real estate 3,812 565 Consumer 63 5 Agricultural 269 12 Other 441 55 Total $ 22,433 1,856 Of the interest income recognized on impaired loans during 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 , approximately $42,000 , $89,000 , and $28,000 , respectively, were recognized on a cash basis. The Company continued to accrue interest on certain loans classified as impaired during 2019 , 2018 , and 2017 because they were restructured or considered well secured and in the process of collection. From time to time, the terms of certain loans are modified as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") where concessions are granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. The modification of the terms of such loans may have included one, or a combination of, the following: a temporary or permanent reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan, an increase in the stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk, forgiveness of principal, an extension of the maturity date, or a change in the payment terms. Loan modifications that were classified as troubled debt restructurings during the years ended December 31 were as follows (dollars in thousands): 2019 2018 Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Balance Post-Modification Recorded Balance Number of Loans Pre-Modification Recorded Balance Post-Modification Recorded Balance Commercial and industrial — $ — $ — — $ — $ — Commercial, secured by real estate 2 258 258 — — — Residential real estate 3 120 120 3 505 505 Consumer — — — 1 1 1 Totals 5 $ 378 $ 378 4 $ 506 $ 506 Post-modification balances of newly restructured troubled debt by type of modification for the years ended December 31 were as follows (in thousands): Term Modification Rate Modification Interest Only Principal Forgiveness Combination Total Modifications 2019 Commercial & industrial $ — — — — — — Commercial, secured by real estate — — — — 258 258 Residential real estate 120 — — — — 120 Consumer — — — — — — Total $ 120 — — — 258 378 2018 Commercial & industrial $ — — — — — — Commercial, secured by real estate — — — — — — Residential real estate 380 — — — 125 505 Consumer — — — — 1 1 Total $ 380 — — — 126 506 LCNB is not committed to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms were modified in a troubled debt restructuring. There were no troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted within twelve months of the restructuring date for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 . Two commercial, secured by real estate loans to the same borrower totaling $1,236.000 that were modified during the fourth quarter 2016 subsequently defaulted in February 2017. All troubled debt restructurings are considered impaired loans. The allowance for loan loss on such restructured loans is based on the present value of future expected cash flows. Information concerning the post-modification balances of loans that were modified during the year ended December 31 and that were determined to be troubled debt restructurings follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 Impaired loans without a valuation allowance at the end of the period 252 380 Impaired loans with a valuation allowance at the end of the period 89 126 Mortgage loans sold to and serviced for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and other investors are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The unpaid principal balances of those loans at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were approximately $93,596,000 and $97,685,000 , respectively. Mortgage servicing right assets are included in core deposit and other intangibles in the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of mortgage servicing rights is an adjustment to loan servicing income, which is included with other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. Activity in the mortgage servicing rights portfolio during the years ended December 31 was as follows (in thousands): 2019 2018 2017 Balance, beginning of year $ 475 396 428 Amount obtained through a merger — 91 — Amount capitalized to mortgage servicing rights 156 113 91 Amortization of mortgage servicing rights (148 ) (125 ) (123 ) Balance, end of year $ 483 475 396 |