Loans | Note 7. Loans The composition of net loans (in thousands) at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 26,545 $ 33,133 Farmland 20,591 23,293 1-4 Family Mortgages 102,135 104,046 Commercial Real Estate 184,931 180,691 Total Real Estate Loans 334,202 341,163 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 53,889 61,425 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 987 1,055 Total Business Loans 54,876 62,480 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 941 1,061 Other Consumer Loans 25,312 25,564 Total Consumer Loans 26,253 26,625 Total Gross Loans 415,331 430,268 Unearned income (855 ) (686 ) Allowance for loan losses (5,009 ) (6,474 ) Loans, net $ 409,467 $ 423,108 Loans are considered to be past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status, when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether such loans are considered past due. When interest accruals are discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Period-end, non-accrual loans (in thousands), segregated by class, were as follows: March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 147 $ 75 Farmland 548 158 1-4 Family Mortgages 2,421 2,464 Commercial Real Estate 9,659 11,662 Total Real Estate Loans 12,775 14,359 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 93 28 Total Business Loans 93 28 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 45 36 Total Consumer Loans 45 36 Total Non-Accrual Loans $ 12,913 $ 14,423 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of March 31, 2016, was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 274 $ 366 $ 640 $ 25,905 $ 26,545 $ 288 Farmland 286 395 681 19,910 20,591 — 1-4 Family Mortgages 2,982 871 3,853 98,282 102,135 24 Commercial Real Estate 996 2,808 3,804 181,127 184,931 15 Total Real Estate Loans 4,538 4,440 8,978 325,223 334,202 327 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 102 90 192 53,697 53,889 9 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans — — — 987 987 — Total Business Loans 102 90 192 54,684 54,876 9 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 12 — 12 929 941 — Other Consumer Loans 673 — 673 24,639 25,312 — Total Consumer Loans 685 — 685 25,568 26,253 — Total Loans $ 5,325 $ 4,530 $ 9,855 $ 405,476 $ 415,331 $ 336 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of December 31, 2015 was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 1,126 $ 21 $ 1,147 $ 31,986 $ 33,133 $ 21 Farmland 947 4 951 22,342 23,293 4 1-4 Family Mortgages 5,131 573 5,704 98,342 104,046 — Commercial Real Estate 4,015 6,748 10,763 169,928 180,691 — Total Real Estate Loans 11,219 7,346 18,565 322,598 341,163 25 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 245 12 257 61,168 61,425 12 Farm Production and other Farm Loans 12 — 12 1,043 1,055 — Total Business Loans 257 12 269 62,211 62,480 12 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 12 9 21 1,040 1,061 9 Other Consumer Loans 1,017 30 1,047 24,517 25,564 30 Total Consumer Loans 1,029 39 1,068 25,557 26,625 39 Total Loans $ 12,505 $ 7,397 $ 19,902 $ 410,366 $ 430,268 $ 76 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. In determining which loans to evaluate for impairment, management looks at all loans over $100,000 that are past due loans, bankruptcy filings and any situation that might lend itself to cause a borrower to be unable to repay the loan according to the original agreement terms. If a loan is determined to be impaired and the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to fully repay the loan, a specific reserve will be established. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans or portions thereof, are charged-off when deemed uncollectible. Impaired loans (in thousands) as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, segregated by class, are as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded March 31, 2016 Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 40 Farmland — — — — — 343 1-4 Family Mortgages 2,227 — 2,227 2,227 242 2,756 Commercial Real Estate 8,899 — 8,899 8,899 1,138 10,519 Total Real Estate Loans 11,126 — 11,126 11,126 1,380 13,658 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans — — — — — — Total Business Loans — — — — — — Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans — — — — — — Total Consumer Loans — — — — — — Total Loans $ 11,126 $ — $ 11,126 $ 11,126 $ 1,380 $ 13,658 During the first quarter of 2016, management reviewed the impaired loan listing according to the Corporation’s policy of reviewing individual loans for impairment over $100,000. During this review, 97 loans under that threshold in the amount of $2,731,121 and 6 loans in the amount of $1,651,023 that were over the threshold but were determined to not be impaired at March 31, 2016, were removed from the impaired loan listing. Management believes this more accurately reflects the amount of impaired loans evaluated for impairment as part of the computation of the allowance for loan losses. Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average December 31, 2015 Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 75 $ — $ 75 $ 75 $ 75 $ 85 Farmland 679 69 610 679 54 739 1-4 Family Mortgages 3,103 1,754 1,349 3,103 183 2,829 Commercial Real Estate 11,661 1,409 10,253 11,662 2,685 10,552 Total Real Estate Loans 15,518 3,232 12,287 15,519 2,997 14,205 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 28 28 — 28 — 49 Total Business Loans 28 28 — 28 — 49 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 35 36 — 36 — 78 Total Consumer Loans 35 36 — 36 — 78 Total Loans $ 15,581 $ 3,296 $ 12,287 $ 15,583 $ 2,997 $ 14,332 The following table presents troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans), segregated by class: Pre-Modification Post-Modification March 31, 2016 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 6,850 $ 3,607 Total 3 $ 6,850 $ 3,607 Pre-Modification Post-Modification December 31, 2015 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,858 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,858 Changes in the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans) are set forth in the table below: Number Recorded of Loans Investment Totals at January 1, 2016 3 $ 3,858 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (251 ) Total at March 31, 2016 3 $ 3,607 The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $174,274 at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. The Corporation had no remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2016. The Corporation utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans when originated and is updated as factors related to the strength of the loan changes. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of the 9 risk grades is as follows. Grade 1. MINIMAL RISK - These loans are without loss exposure to the Corporation. This classification is reserved for only the best, well secured loans to borrowers with significant capital strength, low leverage, stable earnings and growth and other readily available financing alternatives. This type of loan would also include loans secured by a program of the government. Grade 2. MODEST RISK - These loans include borrowers with solid credit quality and moderate risk of loss. These loans may be fully secured by certificates of deposit with another reputable financial institution, or secured by readily marketable securities with acceptable margins. Grade 3. AVERAGE RISK - This is the rating assigned to the majority of the loans held by the Corporation. This includes loans with average loss exposure and average overall quality. These loans should liquidate through possessing adequate collateral and adequate earnings of the borrower. In addition, these loans are properly documented and are in accordance with all aspects of the current loan policy. Grade 4. ACCEPTABLE RISK - Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but most working asset and capital expansion needs are provided from external sources. Profitability and key balance sheet ratios are usually close to peers but one or more may be higher than peers. Grade 5. MANAGEMENT ATTENTION - Borrower has significant weaknesses resulting from performance trends or management concerns. The financial condition of the borrower has taken a negative turn and may be temporarily strained. Cash flow is weak but cash reserves remain adequate to meet debt service. Management weakness is evident. Grade 6. OTHER LOANS ESPECIALLY MENTIONED (“OLEM”) - Loans in this category are fundamentally sound but possess some weaknesses. OLEM loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the bank’s credit position at some future date. These loans have an identifiable weakness in credit, collateral, or repayment ability but there is no expectation of loss. Grade 7. SUBSTANDARD ASSETS - Assets classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness based upon objective evidence. Assets classified as substandard are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely requires a substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of total loss. Grade 8. DOUBTFUL - A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses of a substandard classification and the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. A doubtful classification could reflect the fact that the primary source of repayment is gone and serious doubt exists as to the quality of a secondary source of repayment. Grade 9. LOSS - Loans classified loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may occur in the future. Also included in this classification is the defined loss portion of loans rated substandard assets and doubtful assets. These internally assigned grades are updated on a continual basis throughout the course of the year and represent management’s most updated judgment regarding grades at September 30, 2015. The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands), segregated by loan grade and class, as of March 31, 2016: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Grades 1, 2, 3, 4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 24,903 $ 325 $ 1,317 $ — $ — $ 26,545 Farmland 18,369 872 1,350 — — 20,591 1-4 Family Mortgages 87,213 3,382 11,540 — — 102,135 Commercial Real Estate 162,746 8,898 13,287 — — 184,931 Total Real Estate Loans 293,231 13,477 27,494 — — 334,202 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 53,319 352 218 — — 53,889 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 987 — — — — 987 Total Business Loans 54,306 352 218 — — 54,876 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 941 — — — — 941 Other Consumer Loans 25,044 129 132 6 1 25,312 Total Consumer Loans 25,985 129 132 6 1 26,253 Total Loans $ 373,522 $ 13,958 $ 27,844 $ 6 $ 1 $ 415,331 The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands) segregated by loan grade and class, as of December 31, 2015: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Grades 1, 2, 3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 31,889 $ 202 $ 1,042 $ — $ — $ 33,133 Farmland 21,084 989 1,220 — — 23,293 1-4 Family Mortgages 88,425 4,874 10,747 — — 104,046 Commercial Real Estate 155,898 12,286 12,507 — — 180,691 Total Real Estate Loans 297,296 18,351 25,516 — — 341,163 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 60,918 377 130 — — 61,425 Farm Production and other Farm Loans 1,055 — — — — 1,055 Total Business Loans 61,973 377 130 — — 62,480 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,052 — 9 — — 1,061 Other Consumer Loans 24,666 111 777 7 3 25,564 Total Consumer Loans 25,718 111 786 7 3 26,625 Total Loans $ 384,987 $ 18,839 $ 26,432 $ 7 $ 3 $ 430,268 The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance on the majority of the loan portfolio is calculated using a historical chargeoff percentage applied to the current loan balances by loan segment. This historical period is the average of the previous twenty quarters with the most current quarters weighted more heavily to show the effect of the most recent chargeoff activity. This percentage is also adjusted for economic factors such as local unemployment and general business conditions, both local and nationwide. The group of loans that are considered to be impaired are individually evaluated for possible loss and a specific reserve is established to cover any loss contingency. Loans that are determined to be a loss with no benefit of remaining in the portfolio are charged off to the allowance. These specific reserves are reviewed periodically for continued impairment and adequacy of the specific reserve and adjusted when necessary. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2016: Real Business March 31, 2016 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2016 $ 5,238,895 $ 643,248 $ 591,560 $ 6,473,703 Provision for possible loan losses (5,593 ) (39,517 ) 105,608 60,498 Chargeoffs 1,557,871 79 12,361 1,570,311 Recoveries 8,806 6,005 30,041 44,852 Net Chargeoffs 1,549,065 (5,926 ) (17,680 ) 1,525,459 Ending Balance $ 3,684,237 $ 609,657 $ 714,848 $ 5,008,742 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 1,379,937 $ — $ — $ 1,379,937 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,304,300 609,657 714,848 3,628,805 Ending Balance, March 31, 2016 $ 3,684,237 $ 609,657 $ 714,848 $ 5,008,742 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2015: Real Business March 31, 2015 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2015 $ 5,202,151 $ 873,815 $ 466,360 $ 6,542,326 Provision for possible loan losses (70,244 ) 161,169 93,251 184,176 Chargeoffs 95,199 — 56,127 151,326 Recoveries 32,298 3,974 14,374 50,646 Net Chargeoffs 62,901 (3,974 ) 41,753 100,680 Ending Balance, March 31, 2015 $ 5,069,006 $ 1,038,958 $ 517,858 $ 6,625,822 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 2,005,196 $ 25,000 $ — $ 2,030,196 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 3,063,810 1,013,958 517,858 4,595,626 Ending Balance, March 31, 2015 $ 5,069,006 $ 1,038,958 $ 517,858 $ 6,625,822 The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 related to each balance in the allowance for possible loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Corporation’s impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands): Real Business March 31, 2016 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 11,126 $ — $ — $ 11,126 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 323,076 54,876 26,253 404,205 $ 334,202 $ 54,876 $ 26,253 $ 415,331 Real Business December 31, 2015 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 15,519 $ 28 $ 36 $ 15,583 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 325,644 62,452 26,589 414,685 $ 341,163 $ 62,480 $ 26,625 $ 430,268 |