Loans | Note 7. Loans The composition of net loans (in thousands) at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 was as follows: September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 22,342 $ 23,793 Farmland 18,036 18,175 1-4 97,431 97,812 Commercial Real Estate 183,613 180,880 Total Real Estate Loans 321,422 320,660 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 54,154 53,761 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 1,069 765 Total Business Loans 55,223 54,526 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,202 1,156 Other Consumer Loans 15,495 18,310 Total Consumer Loans 16,697 19,466 Total Gross Loans 393,342 394,652 Unearned Income (264 ) (601 ) Allowance for Loan Losses (3,404 ) (3,903 ) Loans, net $ 389,674 $ 390,148 Loans are considered to be past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual non-accrual Period-end, non-accrual September 30, 2017 December 31, 2016 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 42 $ 133 Farmland 382 234 1-4 2,169 1,954 Commercial Real Estate 5,066 6,293 Total Real Estate Loans 7,659 8,614 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 82 239 Total Business Loans 82 239 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 92 26 Total Consumer Loans 92 26 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 7,833 $ 8,879 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of September 30, 2017, was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 54 $ — $ 54 $ 22,288 $ 22,342 $ — Farmland 183 31 214 17,822 18,036 — 1-4 3,338 233 3,571 93,860 97,431 — Commercial Real Estate 2,032 155 2,187 181,426 183,613 — Total Real Estate Loans 5,607 419 6,026 315,396 321,422 — Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 254 247 501 53,653 54,154 247 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 53 — 53 1,016 1,069 — Total Business Loans 307 247 554 54,669 55,223 247 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 8 1 9 1,193 1,202 1 Other Consumer Loans 588 70 658 14,837 15,495 51 Total Consumer Loans 596 71 667 16,030 16,697 52 Total Loans $ 6,510 $ 737 $ 7,247 $ 386,095 $ 393,342 $ 299 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of December 31, 2016 was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 208 $ 78 $ 286 $ 23,507 $ 23,793 $ — Farmland 584 65 649 17,526 18,175 — 1-4 2,993 596 3,589 94,223 97,812 179 Commercial Real Estate 903 185 1,088 179,792 180,880 — Total Real Estate Loans 4,688 924 5,612 315,048 320,660 179 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 66 186 252 53,509 53,761 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans — — — 765 765 — Total Business Loans 66 186 252 54,274 54,526 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 7 3 10 1,146 1,156 3 Other Consumer Loans 788 27 815 17,495 18,310 27 Total Consumer Loans 795 30 825 18,641 19,466 30 Total Loans $ 5,549 $ 1,140 $ 6,689 $ 387,963 $ 394,652 $ 209 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. In determining which loans to evaluate for impairment, management looks at all loans over $100,000 that are past due loans, bankruptcy filings and any situation that might lend itself to cause a borrower to be unable to repay the loan according to the original agreement terms. If a loan is determined to be impaired and the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to fully repay the loan, a specific reserve will be established. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans or portions thereof, are charged-off Impaired loans (in thousands) as of September 30, 2017, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Allowance Real Estate: 1-4 $ 468 $ — $ 468 $ 468 $ 136 $ 167 Commercial Real Estate 4,186 — 4,186 4,186 402 417 Total Real Estate Loans 4,654 — 4,654 4,654 538 584 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans — — — — — 15 Total Business Loans — — — — — 15 Total Loans $ 4,654 $ — $ 4,654 $ 4,654 $ 538 $ 599 Impaired loans (in thousands) as of December 31, 2016, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Allowance Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 43 Farmland 163 — 163 163 28 87 1-4 1,448 — 1,448 1,448 252 218 Commercial Real Estate 5,327 — 5,327 5,327 469 1,577 Total Real Estate Loans 6,938 — 6,938 6,938 749 1,925 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 126 — 126 126 38 19 Total Business Loans 126 — 126 126 38 19 Total Loans $ 7,064 $ — $ 7,064 $ 7,064 $ 787 $ 1,944 The following table presents troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans), segregated by class: Pre-Modification Post-Modification September 30, 2017 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,160 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,160 Pre-Modification Post-Modification December 31, 2016 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,288 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,288 Changes in the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans) are set forth in the table below: Number Recorded of Loans Investment Totals at January 1, 2017 3 $ 3,288 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (128 ) Total at September 30, 2017 3 $ 3,160 The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $174,274 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The Corporation had no remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these troubled debt restructurings as of September 30, 2017. The Corporation utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans when originated and is updated as factors related to the strength of the loan changes. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of the 9 risk grades follows. Grade 1. MINIMAL RISK—These loans are without loss exposure to the Corporation. This classification is reserved for only the best, well secured loans to borrowers with significant capital strength, low leverage, stable earnings and growth and other readily available financing alternatives. This type of loan would also include loans secured by a program of the government. Grade 2. MODEST RISK—These loans include borrowers with solid credit quality and moderate risk of loss. These loans may be fully secured by certificates of deposit with another reputable financial institution, or secured by readily marketable securities with acceptable margins. Grade 3. AVERAGE RISK—This is the rating assigned to the majority of the loans held by the Corporation. This includes loans with average loss exposure and average overall quality. These loans should liquidate through possessing adequate collateral and adequate earnings of the borrower. In addition, these loans are properly documented and are in accordance with all aspects of the current loan policy. Grade 4. ACCEPTABLE RISK—Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but most working asset and capital expansion needs are provided from external sources. Profitability and key balance sheet ratios are usually close to peers but one or more may be higher than peers. Grade 5. MANAGEMENT ATTENTION—Borrower has significant weaknesses resulting from performance trends or management concerns. The financial condition of the borrower has taken a negative turn and may be temporarily strained. Cash flow is weak but cash reserves remain adequate to meet debt service. Management weakness is evident. Grade 6. OTHER LOANS ESPECIALLY MENTIONED (“OLEM”)—Loans in this category are fundamentally sound but possess some weaknesses. OLEM loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the bank’s credit position at some future date. These loans have an identifiable weakness in credit, collateral, or repayment ability but there is no expectation of loss. Grade 7. SUBSTANDARD ASSETS—Assets classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness based upon objective evidence. Assets classified as substandard are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely requires a substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of total loss. This classification does not mean that the loan will incur a total or partial loss. Substandard loans may or may not be impaired. Grade 8. DOUBTFUL—A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses of a substandard classification and the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. A doubtful classification could reflect the fact that the primary source of repayment is gone and serious doubt exists as to the quality of a secondary source of repayment. Grade 9. LOSS—Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may occur in the future. Also included in this classification is the defined loss portion of loans rated substandard assets and doubtful assets. These internally assigned grades are updated on a continual basis throughout the course of the year and represent management’s most updated judgment regarding grades at September 30, 2017. The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands), segregated by loan grade and class, as of September 30, 2017: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 21,375 $ 835 $ 132 $ — $ — $ 22,342 Farmland 16,599 641 796 — — 18,036 1-4 83,316 5,454 8,661 — — 97,431 Commercial Real Estate 154,274 22,259 7,080 — — 183,613 Total Real Estate Loans 275,564 29,189 16,669 — — 321,422 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 50,747 3,018 389 — — 54,154 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 986 12 71 — — 1,069 Total Business Loans 51,733 3,030 460 — — 55,223 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,201 — 1 — — 1,202 Other Consumer Loans 15,158 73 264 — — 15,495 Total Consumer Loans 16,359 73 265 — — 16,697 Total Loans $ 343,656 $ 32,292 $ 17,394 $ — $ — $ 393,342 The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands) segregated by loan grade and class, as of December 31, 2016: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 23,038 $ 186 $ 569 $ — $ — $ 23,793 Farmland 16,448 776 951 — — 18,175 1-4 86,043 1,754 10,015 — — 97,812 Commercial Real Estate 161,323 11,072 8,485 — — 180,880 Total Real Estate Loans 286,852 13,788 20,020 — — 320,660 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 51,985 1,427 349 — — 53,761 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 727 28 10 — — 765 Total Business Loans 52,712 1,455 359 — — 54,526 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,153 — 3 — — 1,156 Other Consumer Loans 18,027 149 132 2 — 18,310 Total Consumer Loans 19,180 149 135 2 — 19,466 Total Loans $ 358,744 $ 15,392 $ 20,514 $ 2 $ — $ 394,652 The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance on the majority of the loan portfolio is calculated using a historical chargeoff percentage applied to the current loan balances by loan segment. This historical period is the average of the previous twenty quarters with the most current quarters weighted more heavily to show the effect of the most recent chargeoff activity. This percentage is also adjusted for economic factors such as local unemployment and general business conditions, both local and nationwide. The group of loans that are considered to be impaired are individually evaluated for possible loss and a specific reserve is established to cover any loss contingency. Loans that are determined to be a loss with no benefit of remaining in the portfolio are charged off to the allowance. These specific reserves are reviewed periodically for continued impairment and adequacy of the specific reserve and are adjusted when necessary. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017: Real Business September 30, 2017 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2017 $ 3,117,134 $ 257,554 $ 528,108 $ 3,902,796 (Reversal of) provision for loan losses (482,980 ) 199,355 29,011 (254,614 ) Chargeoffs 126,757 146,139 41,788 314,684 Recoveries 26,188 754 43,493 70,435 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 100,569 145,385 (1,705 ) 244,249 Ending Balance $ 2,533,585 $ 311,524 $ 558,824 $ 3,403,933 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 537,897 $ — $ — $ 537,897 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,995,688 311,524 558,824 2,866,036 Ending Balance, September 30, 2017 $ 2,533,585 $ 311,524 $ 558,824 $ 3,403,933 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2016: Real Business September 30, 2016 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2016 $ 5,238,895 $ 643,248 $ 591,560 $ 6,473,703 (Reversal of) provision for loan losses 214,491 (93,733 ) (23,290 ) 97,468 Chargeoffs 2,508,459 5,428 49,317 2,563,204 Recoveries 32,424 14,381 58,670 105,475 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 2,476,035 (8,953 ) (9,353 ) 2,457,729 Ending Balance $ 2,977,351 $ 558,468 $ 577,623 $ 4,113,442 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 848,091 $ — $ — $ 848,091 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,129,260 558,468 577,623 3,265,351 Ending Balance, September 30, 2016 $ 2,977,351 $ 558,468 $ 577,623 $ 4,113,442 The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 related to each balance in the allowance for possible loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Corporation’s impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands): Real Business September 30, 2017 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 4,654 $ — $ — $ 4,654 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 316,768 55,223 16,697 388,688 $ 321,422 $ 55,223 $ 16,697 $ 393,342 Real Business December 31, 2016 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 6,938 $ 126 $ — $ 7,064 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 313,722 54,400 19,466 387,588 $ 320,660 $ 54,526 $ 19,466 $ 394,652 |