Loans | Note 7. Loans The composition of net loans (in thousands) at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was as follows: September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 41,937 $ 25,923 Farmland 15,541 16,905 1-4 88,448 95,925 Commercial Real Estate 197,235 191,736 Total Real Estate Loans 343,161 330,489 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 75,842 58,204 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 966 922 Total Business Loans 76,808 59,126 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,492 1,310 Other Consumer Loans 13,214 14,680 Total Consumer Loans 14,706 15,990 Total Gross Loans 434,675 405,605 Unearned Income (69 ) (195 ) Allowance for Loan Losses (3,173 ) (3,019 ) Loans, net $ 431,433 $ 402,391 Loans are considered to be past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual non-accrual Period-end, non-accrual September 30, 2018 December 31, 2017 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — Farmland 264 366 1-4 1,929 2,131 Commercial Real Estate 7,719 4,891 Total Real Estate Loans 9,912 7,388 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 60 78 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 31 32 Total Business Loans 91 110 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 98 84 Total Consumer Loans 98 84 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 10,101 $ 7,582 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of September 30, 2018, was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 1,383 $ — $ 1,383 $ 40,554 $ 41,937 $ — Farmland 327 37 364 15,177 15,541 — 1-4 1,756 166 1,922 86,526 88,448 — Commercial Real Estate 1,785 2,074 3,859 193,376 197,235 — Total Real Estate Loans 5,251 2,277 7,528 335,633 343,161 — Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 338 — 338 75,504 75,842 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans — — — 966 966 — Total Business Loans 338 — 338 76,470 76,808 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 47 — 47 1,445 1,492 — Other Consumer Loans 205 88 293 12,921 13,214 — Total Consumer Loans 252 88 340 14,366 14,706 — Total Loans $ 5,841 $ 2,365 $ 8,206 $ 426,469 $ 434,675 $ — An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of December 31, 2017 was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 281 $ — $ 281 $ 25,642 $ 25,923 $ — Farmland 93 — 93 16,812 16,905 — 1-4 2,657 — 2,657 93,268 95,925 — Commercial Real Estate 2,585 862 3,447 188,289 191,736 807 Total Real Estate Loans 5,616 862 6,478 324,011 330,489 807 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 32 — 32 58,172 58,204 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 19 — 19 903 922 — Total Business Loans 51 — 51 59,075 59,126 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 25 6 31 1,279 1,310 6 Other Consumer Loans 422 — 422 14,258 14,680 — Total Consumer Loans 447 6 453 15,537 15,990 6 Total Loans $ 6,114 $ 868 $ 6,982 $ 398,623 $ 405,605 $ 813 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. In determining which loans to evaluate for impairment, management looks at all loans over $100,000 that are past due loans, bankruptcy filings and any situation that might lend itself to cause a borrower to be unable to repay the loan according to the original agreement terms. If a loan is determined to be impaired and the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to fully repay the loan, a specific reserve will be established. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans or portions thereof, are charged-off Impaired loans (in thousands) as of September 30, 2018, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 111 Farmland 269 269 — 269 — 261 1-4 1,215 1,019 196 1,215 29 1,280 Commercial Real Estate 9,021 5,179 3,842 9,021 380 7,411 Total Real Estate Loans 10,505 6,467 4,038 10,505 409 9,062 Business Loans: Farm Production and Other Farm Loans — — — — — 25 Total Business Loans — — — — — 25 Total Loans $ 10,505 $ 6,467 $ 4,038 $ 10,505 $ 409 $ 9,087 Impaired loans (in thousands) as of December 31, 2017, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 222 $ — $ 222 $ 222 $ — $ 111 Farmland 252 252 — 252 — 126 1-4 1,344 1,141 203 1,344 46 906 Commercial Real Estate 5,801 1,763 4,038 5,801 397 4,994 Total Real Estate Loans 7,619 3,156 4,463 7,619 443 6,137 Business Loans: Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 50 50 — 50 — 25 Total Business Loans 50 50 — 50 — 25 Total Loans $ 7,669 $ 3,206 $ 4,463 $ 7,669 $ 443 $ 6,162 The following table presents troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans), segregated by class: Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded September 30, 2018 Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,963 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,963 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded December 31, 2017 Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,047 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 3,047 Changes in the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans) are set forth in the table below: Number Recorded of Loans Investment Totals at January 1, 2018 3 $ 3,047 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (84 ) Total at September 30, 2018 3 $ 2,963 The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $174,274 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The Corporation had no remaining availability under commitments to lend additional funds on these troubled debt restructurings as of September 30, 2018. The Corporation utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans when originated and is updated as factors related to the strength of the loan changes. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of the 9 risk grades follows. Grade 1. MINIMAL RISK - These loans are without loss exposure to the Corporation. This classification is reserved for only the best, well secured loans to borrowers with significant capital strength, low leverage, stable earnings and growth and other readily available financing alternatives. This type of loan would also include loans secured by a program of the government. Grade 2. MODEST RISK - These loans include borrowers with solid credit quality and moderate risk of loss. These loans may be fully secured by certificates of deposit with another reputable financial institution, or secured by readily marketable securities with acceptable margins. Grade 3. AVERAGE RISK - This is the rating assigned to the majority of the loans held by the Corporation. This includes loans with average loss exposure and average overall quality. These loans should liquidate through possessing adequate collateral and adequate earnings of the borrower. In addition, these loans are properly documented and are in accordance with all aspects of the current loan policy. Grade 4. ACCEPTABLE RISK - Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but most working asset and capital expansion needs are provided from external sources. Profitability and key balance sheet ratios are usually close to peers but one or more may be higher than peers. Grade 5. MANAGEMENT ATTENTION - Borrower has significant weaknesses resulting from performance trends or management concerns. The financial condition of the borrower has taken a negative turn and may be temporarily strained. Cash flow is weak but cash reserves remain adequate to meet debt service. Management weakness is evident. Grade 6. OTHER LOANS ESPECIALLY MENTIONED (“OLEM”) - Loans in this category are fundamentally sound but possess some weaknesses. OLEM loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the bank’s credit position at some future date. These loans have an identifiable weakness in credit, collateral, or repayment ability but there is no expectation of loss. Grade 7. SUBSTANDARD ASSETS - Assets classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness based upon objective evidence. Assets classified as substandard are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely requires a substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of total loss. This classification does not mean that the loan will incur a total or partial loss. Substandard loans may or may not be impaired. Grade 8. DOUBTFUL - A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses of a substandard classification and the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. A doubtful classification could reflect the fact that the primary source of repayment is gone and serious doubt exists as to the quality of a secondary source of repayment. Grade 9. LOSS - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may occur in the future. Also included in this classification is the defined loss portion of loans rated substandard assets and doubtful assets. These internally assigned grades are updated on a continual basis throughout the course of the year and represent management’s most updated judgment regarding grades at September 30, 2018. The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands), segregated by loan grade and class, as of September 30, 2018: Satisfactory Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 40,644 $ 720 $ 573 $ — $ — $ 41,937 Farmland 14,170 356 1,015 — — 15,541 1-4 79,176 1,770 7,502 — — 88,448 Commercial Real Estate 154,868 17,891 24,476 — — 197,235 Total Real Estate Loans 288,858 20,737 33,566 — — 343,161 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 73,460 122 2,260 — — 75,842 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 931 2 33 — — 966 Total Business Loans 74,391 124 2,293 — — 76,808 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,492 — — — — 1,492 Other Consumer Loans 13,000 65 91 58 — 13,214 Total Consumer Loans 14,492 65 91 58 — 14,706 Total Loans $ 377,741 $ 20,926 $ 35,950 $ 58 $ — $ 434,675 The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands) segregated by loan grade and class, as of December 31, 2017: Satisfactory Special Substandard Doubtful Loss Total Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 23,720 $ 2,116 $ 87 $ — $ — $ 25,923 Farmland 15,496 377 1,032 — — 16,905 1-4 82,227 5,615 8,083 — — 95,925 Commercial Real Estate 143,271 41,833 6,632 — — 191,736 Total Real Estate Loans 264,714 49,941 15,834 — — 330,489 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 55,081 2,990 133 — — 58,204 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 853 9 60 — — 922 Total Business Loans 55,934 2,999 193 — — 59,126 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,304 — 6 — — 1,310 Other Consumer Loans 14,414 71 137 58 — 14,680 Total Consumer Loans 15,718 71 143 58 — 15,990 Total Loans $ 336,366 $ 53,011 $ 16,170 $ 58 $ — $ 405,605 The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance on the majority of the loan portfolio is calculated using a historical chargeoff percentage applied to the current loan balances by loan segment. This historical period is the average of the previous twenty quarters with the most current quarters weighted more heavily to show the effect of the most recent chargeoff activity. This percentage is also adjusted for economic factors such as local unemployment and general business conditions, both local and nationwide. The group of loans that are considered to be impaired are individually evaluated for possible loss and a specific reserve is established to cover any loss contingency. Loans that are determined to be a loss with no benefit of remaining in the portfolio are charged off to the allowance. These specific reserves are reviewed periodically for continued impairment and adequacy of the specific reserve and are adjusted when necessary. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018: September 30, 2018 Real Business Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2018 $ 2,151,715 $ 346,781 $ 520,732 $ 3,019,228 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 615,927 (289,894 ) (185,268 ) 140,765 Chargeoffs 202,352 31,236 117,401 350,989 Recoveries 91,071 203,777 69,091 363,939 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 111,281 (172,541 ) 48,310 (12,950 ) Ending Balance $ 2,656,361 $ 229,428 $ 287,154 $ 3,172,943 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 409,496 $ — $ — $ 409,496 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,246,865 229,428 287,154 2,763,447 Ending Balance, September 30, 2018 $ 2,656,361 $ 229,428 $ 287,154 $ 3,172,943 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2017: September 30, 2017 Real Business Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2017 $ 3,117,134 $ 257,554 $ 528,108 $ 3,902,796 (Reversal of) provision for loan losses (482,980 ) 199,355 29,011 (254,614 ) Chargeoffs 126,757 146,139 41,788 314,684 Recoveries 26,188 754 43,493 70,435 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 100,569 145,385 (1,705 ) 244,249 Ending Balance $ 2,533,585 $ 311,524 $ 558,824 $ 3,403,933 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 537,897 $ — $ — $ 537,897 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 1,995,688 311,524 558,824 2,866,036 Ending Balance, September 30, 2017 $ 2,533,585 $ 311,524 $ 558,824 $ 3,403,933 The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 related to each balance in the allowance for possible loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Corporation’s impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands): September 30, 2018 Real Business Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 10,505 $ — $ — $ 10,505 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 332,656 76,808 14,706 424,170 $ 343,161 $ 76,808 $ 14,706 $ 434,675 December 31, 2017 Real Business Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 7,669 $ — $ — $ 7,669 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 322,820 59,126 15,990 397,936 $ 330,489 $ 59,126 $ 15,990 $ 405,605 |