Loans | Note 8. Loans The composition of net loans (in thousands) at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows: June 30, December 31, Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 54,574 $ 41,134 Farmland 16,649 14,498 1-4 86,861 88,747 Commercial Real Estate 203,205 203,595 Total Real Estate Loans 361,289 347,974 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 90,597 66,421 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 746 907 Total Business Loans 91,343 67,328 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,666 1,648 Other Consumer Loans 11,457 12,372 Total Consumer Loans 13,123 14,020 Total Gross Loans 465,755 429,322 Unearned Income (20 ) (45 ) Allowance for Loan Losses (3,821 ) (3,372 ) Loans, net $ 461,914 $ 425,905 Loans are considered to be past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual non-accrual Period-end, non-accrual June 30, December 31, Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 113 $ — Farmland 263 200 1-4 2,030 1,831 Commercial Real Estate 8,375 7,612 Total Real Estate Loans 10,781 9,643 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 273 76 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 31 31 Total Business Loans 304 107 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 71 89 Total Consumer Loans 71 89 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 11,156 $ 9,839 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of June 30, 2019, was as follows: Loans 30-89 Days Loans Total Past Current Total Loans Accruing Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 1,612 $ 113 $ 1,725 $ 52,849 $ 54,574 $ — Farmland 279 — 279 16,370 16,649 — 1-4 2,197 526 2,723 84,138 86,861 — Commercial Real Estate 724 4,019 4,743 198,462 203,205 — Total Real Estate Loans 4,812 4,658 9,470 351,819 361,289 — Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 345 189 534 90,063 90,597 26 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 49 — 49 697 746 — Total Business Loans 394 189 583 90,760 91,343 26 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 52 18 70 1,596 1,666 18 Other Consumer Loans 226 3 229 11,228 11,457 — Total Consumer Loans 278 21 299 12,824 13,123 18 Total Loans $ 5,484 $ 4,868 $ 10,352 $ 455,403 $ 465,755 $ 44 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of December 31, 2018 was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 1,494 $ 54 $ 1,548 $ 39,586 $ 41,134 $ 54 Farmland 779 29 808 13,690 14,498 — 1-4 3,456 330 3,786 84,961 88,747 — Commercial Real Estate 1,059 2,981 4,040 199,555 203,595 — Total Real Estate Loans 6,788 3,394 10,182 337,792 347,974 54 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 1,672 21 1,693 64,728 66,421 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 9 — 9 898 907 — Total Business Loans 1,681 21 1,702 65,626 67,328 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 16 4 20 1,628 1,648 4 Other Consumer Loans 212 33 245 12,127 12,372 15 Total Consumer Loans 228 37 265 13,755 14,020 19 Total Loans $ 8,697 $ 3,452 $ 12,149 $ 417,173 $ 429,322 $ 73 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. In determining which loans to evaluate for impairment, management looks at all loans over $100,000 that are past due loans, bankruptcy filings and any situation that might lend itself to cause a borrower to be unable to repay the loan according to the original agreement terms. If a loan is determined to be impaired and the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to fully repay the loan, a specific reserve will be established. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans or portions thereof, are charged-off Impaired loans (in thousands) as of June 30, 2019, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 113 $ 59 $ 54 $ 113 $ 18 $ 57 Farmland 261 261 — 261 — $ 265 1-4 803 714 89 803 24 $ 978 Commercial Real Estate 11,239 4,914 4,609 9,523 462 $ 9,204 Total Real Estate Loans 12,416 5,948 4,752 10,700 504 $ 10,503 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 149 — 149 149 77 $ 75 Total Business Loans 149 — 149 149 77 $ 75 Total Loans $ 12,565 $ 5,948 $ 4,901 $ 10,849 $ 581 $ 10,578 Impaired loans (in thousands) as of December 31, 2018, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 269 269 — 269 — $ 135 1-4 1,153 1,062 91 1,153 27 $ 728 Commercial Real Estate 10,601 5,209 3,675 8,884 374 $ 6,489 Total Real Estate Loans 12,023 6,540 3,766 10,306 401 $ 7,352 Total Loans $ 12,023 $ 6,540 $ 3,766 $ 10,306 $ 401 $ 7,352 The following table presents troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans), segregated by class: Pre-Modification Post-Modification June 30, 2019 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,645 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,645 Pre-Modification Post-Modification December 31, 2018 Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,782 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,782 Changes in the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans) are set forth in the table below: Number Recorded of Loans Investment Totals at January 1, 2018 3 $ 3,047 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (265 ) Totals at January 1, 2019 3 $ 2,782 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (137 ) Total at June 30, 2019 3 $ 2,645 The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $174,274 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Corporation had no commitments to lend additional funds on these troubled debt restructurings as of June 30, 2019. The Corporation utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans when originated and is updated as factors related to the strength of the loan changes. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of the 9 risk grades follows. Grade 1. MINIMAL RISK—These loans are without loss exposure to the Corporation. This classification is reserved for only the best, well secured loans to borrowers with significant capital strength, low leverage, stable earnings and growth and other readily available financing alternatives. This type of loan would also include loans secured by a program of the government. Grade 2. MODEST RISK—These loans include borrowers with solid credit quality and moderate risk of loss. These loans may be fully secured by certificates of deposit with another reputable financial institution, or secured by readily marketable securities with acceptable margins. Grade 3. AVERAGE RISK—This is the rating assigned to the majority of the loans held by the Corporation. This includes loans with average loss exposure and average overall quality. These loans should liquidate through possessing adequate collateral and adequate earnings of the borrower. In addition, these loans are properly documented and are in accordance with all aspects of the current loan policy. Grade 4. ACCEPTABLE RISK—Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but most working asset and capital expansion needs are provided from external sources. Profitability and key balance sheet ratios are usually close to peers but one or more may be higher than peers. Grade 5. MANAGEMENT ATTENTION—Borrower has significant weaknesses resulting from performance trends or management concerns. The financial condition of the borrower has taken a negative turn and may be temporarily strained. Cash flow is weak but cash reserves remain adequate to meet debt service. Management weakness is evident. Grade 6. OTHER LOANS ESPECIALLY MENTIONED (“OLEM”)—Loans in this category are fundamentally sound but possess some weaknesses. OLEM loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the bank’s credit position at some future date. These loans have an identifiable weakness in credit, collateral, or repayment ability but there is no expectation of loss. Grade 7. SUBSTANDARD ASSETS—Assets classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness based upon objective evidence. Assets classified as substandard are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely requires a substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of total loss. This classification does not mean that the loan will incur a total or partial loss. Substandard loans may or may not be impaired. Grade 8. DOUBTFUL—A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses of a substandard classification and the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. A doubtful classification could reflect the fact that the primary source of repayment is gone and serious doubt exists as to the quality of a secondary source of repayment. Grade 9. LOSS—Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may occur in the future. Also included in this classification is the defined loss portion of loans rated substandard assets and doubtful assets. These internally assigned grades are updated on a continual basis throughout the course of the year and represent management’s most updated judgment regarding grades at June 30, 2019. The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands), segregated by loan grade and class, as of June 30, 2019: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 51,867 $ 2,037 $ 670 $ — $ — $ 54,574 Farmland 15,361 398 890 — — 16,649 1-4 78,023 2,008 6,830 — — 86,861 Commercial Real Estate 166,473 21,631 15,101 — — 203,205 Total Real Estate Loans 311,724 26,074 23,491 — — 361,289 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 88,796 56 1,745 — — 90,597 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 715 — — — 31 746 Total Business Loans 89,511 56 1,745 — 31 91,343 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,596 — 70 — — 1,666 Other Consumer Loans 11,293 51 68 45 — 11,457 Total Consumer Loans 12,889 51 138 45 — 13,123 Total Loans $ 414,124 $ 26,181 $ 25,374 $ 45 $ 31 $ 465,755 The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands) segregated by loan grade and class, as of December 31, 2018: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 39,726 $ 840 $ 568 $ — $ — $ 41,134 Farmland 13,248 339 911 — — 14,498 1-4 79,659 1,751 7,337 — — 88,747 Commercial Real Estate 172,217 17,938 13,440 — — 203,595 Total Real Estate Loans 304,850 20,868 22,256 — — 347,974 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 63,994 81 2,346 — — 66,421 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 876 — 31 — — 907 Total Business Loans 64,870 81 2,377 — — 67,328 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,628 — 20 — — 1,648 Other Consumer Loans 12,181 65 71 55 — 12,372 Total Consumer Loans 13,809 65 91 55 — 14,020 Total Loans $ 383,529 $ 21,014 $ 24,724 $ 55 $ — $ 429,322 The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance on the majority of the loan portfolio is calculated using a historical chargeoff percentage applied to the current loan balances by loan segment. This historical period is the average of the previous twenty quarters with the most current quarters weighted more heavily to show the effect of the most recent chargeoff activity. This percentage is also adjusted for economic factors such as local unemployment and general business conditions, both local and nationwide. The group of loans that are considered to be impaired are individually evaluated for possible loss and a specific reserve is established to cover any loss contingency. Loans that are determined to be a loss with no benefit of remaining in the portfolio are charged off to the allowance. These specific reserves are reviewed periodically for continued impairment and adequacy of the specific reserve and are adjusted when necessary. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the six months ended June 30, 2019: June 30, 2019 Real Business Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2019 $ 2,844,681 $ 221,841 $ 305,173 $ 3,371,695 Provision for loan losses 72,381 211,247 176,670 460,298 Chargeoffs 14,981 12,178 41,886 69,045 Recoveries 23,498 8,297 26,730 58,525 Net (recoveries) chargeoffs (8,517 ) 3,881 15,156 10,520 Ending Balance $ 2,925,579 $ 429,207 $ 466,687 $ 3,821,473 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 503,654 $ 77,046 $ — $ 580,700 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,421,925 352,161 466,687 3,240,773 Ending Balance, June 30, 2019 $ 2,925,579 $ 429,207 $ 466,687 $ 3,821,473 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the six months ended June 30, 2018: June 30, 2018 Real Business Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2018 $ 2,151,715 $ 346,781 $ 520,732 $ 3,019,228 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 481,714 (410,727 ) (218,798 ) (147,811 ) Chargeoffs 98,644 15,347 59,355 173,346 Recoveries 82,114 197,321 50,444 329,879 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 16,530 (181,974 ) 8,911 (156,533 ) Ending Balance $ 2,616,899 $ 118,028 $ 293,023 $ 3,027,950 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 528,937 $ — $ — $ 528,937 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,087,962 118,028 293,023 2,499,013 Ending Balance, June 30, 2018 $ 2,616,899 $ 118,028 $ 293,023 $ 3,027,950 The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 related to each balance in the allowance for possible loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Corporation’s impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands): June 30, 2019 Real Business Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 10,700 $ 149 $ — $ 10,849 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 350,589 91,194 13,123 454,906 $ 361,289 $ 91,343 $ 13,123 $ 465,755 December 31, 2018 Real Estate Business Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 10,306 $ — $ — $ 10,306 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 337,668 67,328 14,020 419,016 $ 347,974 $ 67,328 $ 14,020 $ 429,322 |