Loans | Note 8. Loans The composition of net loans (in thousands) at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows: September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 63,491 $ 41,134 Farmland 15,985 14,498 1-4 86,516 88,747 Commercial Real Estate 205,968 203,595 Total Real Estate Loans 371,960 347,974 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 87,480 66,421 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 742 907 Total Business Loans 88,222 67,328 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,744 1,648 Other Consumer Loans 11,584 12,372 Total Consumer Loans 13,328 14,020 Total Gross Loans 473,510 429,322 Unearned Income (12 ) (45 ) Allowance for Loan Losses (3,806 ) (3,372 ) Loans, net $ 469,692 $ 425,905 Loans are considered to be past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual non-accrual Period-end, non-accrual September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 113 $ — Farmland 246 200 1-4 2,057 1,831 Commercial Real Estate 9,484 7,612 Total Real Estate Loans 11,900 9,643 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 363 76 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 31 31 Total Business Loans 394 107 Consumer Loans: Other Consumer Loans 65 89 Total Consumer Loans 65 89 Total Nonaccrual Loans $ 12,359 $ 9,839 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of September 30, 2019, was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 2,218 $ — $ 2,218 $ 61,273 $ 63,491 $ — Farmland 339 — 339 15,646 15,985 — 1-4 1,832 912 2,744 83,772 86,516 220 Commercial Real Estate 1,688 2,335 4,023 201,945 205,968 — Total Real Estate Loans 6,077 3,247 9,324 362,636 371,960 220 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 648 262 910 86,570 87,480 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans — 31 31 711 742 — Total Business Loans 648 293 941 87,281 88,222 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 18 47 65 1,679 1,744 47 Other Consumer Loans 141 5 146 11,438 11,584 — Total Consumer Loans 159 52 211 13,117 13,328 47 Total Loans $ 6,884 $ 3,592 $ 10,476 $ 463,034 $ 473,510 $ 267 An aging analysis of past due loans (in thousands), segregated by class, as of December 31, 2018 was as follows: Accruing Loans Loans Loans 90 or more 90 or more 30-89 Days Days Total Past Current Total Days Past Due Past Due Due Loans Loans Loans Past Due Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 1,494 $ 54 $ 1,548 $ 39,586 $ 41,134 $ 54 Farmland 779 29 808 13,690 14,498 — 1-4 3,456 330 3,786 84,961 88,747 — Commercial Real Estate 1,059 2,981 4,040 199,555 203,595 — Total Real Estate Loans 6,788 3,394 10,182 337,792 347,974 54 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 1,672 21 1,693 64,728 66,421 — Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 9 — 9 898 907 — Total Business Loans 1,681 21 1,702 65,626 67,328 — Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 16 4 20 1,628 1,648 4 Other Consumer Loans 212 33 245 12,127 12,372 15 Total Consumer Loans 228 37 265 13,755 14,020 19 Total Loans $ 8,697 $ 3,452 $ 12,149 $ 417,173 $ 429,322 $ 73 Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Corporation will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled principal and interest payments. In determining which loans to evaluate for impairment, management looks at all loans over $100,000 that are past due loans, bankruptcy filings and any situation that might lend itself to cause a borrower to be unable to repay the loan according to the original agreement terms. If a loan is determined to be impaired and the collateral is deemed to be insufficient to fully repay the loan, a specific reserve will be established. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans or portions thereof, are charged-off Impaired loans (in thousands) as of September 30, 2019, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 113 $ 59 $ 54 $ 113 $ 17 $ 57 Farmland 253 253 — 253 — $ 261 1-4 863 761 102 863 30 $ 1,008 Commercial Real Estate 11,919 6,104 4,099 10,203 459 $ 9,544 Total Real Estate Loans 13,148 7,177 4,255 11,432 506 $ 10,869 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 144 — 144 144 72 $ 72 Total Business Loans 144 — 144 144 72 $ 72 Total Loans $ 13,292 $ 7,177 $ 4,399 $ 11,576 $ 578 $ 10,941 Impaired loans (in thousands) as of December 31, 2018, segregated by class, were as follows: Recorded Recorded Unpaid Investment Investment Total Average Principal With No With Recorded Related Recorded Balance Allowance Allowance Investment Allowance Investment Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — Farmland 269 269 — 269 — $ 135 1-4 1,153 1,062 91 1,153 27 $ 728 Commercial Real Estate 10,601 5,209 3,675 8,884 374 $ 6,489 Total Real Estate Loans 12,023 6,540 3,766 10,306 401 $ 7,352 Total Loans $ 12,023 $ 6,540 $ 3,766 $ 10,306 $ 401 $ 7,352 The following table presents troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans), segregated by class: Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded September 30, 2019 Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,607 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,607 Pre-Modification Post-Modification Outstanding Outstanding Number of Recorded Recorded December 31, 2018 Loans Investment Investment Commercial real estate 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,782 Total 3 $ 4,871 $ 2,782 Changes in the Corporation’s troubled debt restructurings (in thousands, except for number of loans) are set forth in the table below: Number of Recorded Totals at January 1, 2018 3 $ 3,047 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (265 ) Totals at January 1, 2019 3 $ 2,782 Reductions due to: Principal paydowns (175 ) Total at September 30, 2019 3 $ 2,607 The allocated allowance for loan losses attributable to restructured loans was $174,274 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The Corporation had no commitments to lend additional funds on these troubled debt restructurings as of September 30, 2019. The Corporation utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans when originated and is updated as factors related to the strength of the loan changes. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 9. A description of the general characteristics of the 9 risk grades follows. Grade 1. MINIMAL RISK - These loans are without loss exposure to the Corporation. This classification is reserved for only the best, well secured loans to borrowers with significant capital strength, low leverage, stable earnings and growth and other readily available financing alternatives. This type of loan would also include loans secured by a program of the government. Grade 2. MODEST RISK - These loans include borrowers with solid credit quality and moderate risk of loss. These loans may be fully secured by certificates of deposit with another reputable financial institution, or secured by readily marketable securities with acceptable margins. Grade 3. AVERAGE RISK - This is the rating assigned to the majority of the loans held by the Corporation. This includes loans with average loss exposure and average overall quality. These loans should liquidate through possessing adequate collateral and adequate earnings of the borrower. In addition, these loans are properly documented and are in accordance with all aspects of the current loan policy. Grade 4. ACCEPTABLE RISK - Borrower generates sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but most working asset and capital expansion needs are provided from external sources. Profitability and key balance sheet ratios are usually close to peers but one or more may be higher than peers. Grade 5. MANAGEMENT ATTENTION - Borrower has significant weaknesses resulting from performance trends or management concerns. The financial condition of the borrower has taken a negative turn and may be temporarily strained. Cash flow is weak but cash reserves remain adequate to meet debt service. Management weakness is evident. Grade 6. OTHER LOANS ESPECIALLY MENTIONED (“OLEM”) - Loans in this category are fundamentally sound but possess some weaknesses. OLEM loans have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the bank’s credit position at some future date. These loans have an identifiable weakness in credit, collateral, or repayment ability but there is no expectation of loss. Grade 7. SUBSTANDARD ASSETS - Assets classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets classified as substandard must have a well-defined weakness based upon objective evidence. Assets classified as substandard are characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The possibility that liquidation would not be timely requires a substandard classification even if there is little likelihood of total loss. This classification does not mean that the loan will incur a total or partial loss. Substandard loans may or may not be impaired. Grade 8. DOUBTFUL - A loan classified as doubtful has all the weaknesses of a substandard classification and the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable or improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonable specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. A doubtful classification could reflect the fact that the primary source of repayment is gone and serious doubt exists as to the quality of a secondary source of repayment. Grade 9. LOSS - Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may occur in the future. Also included in this classification is the defined loss portion of loans rated substandard assets and doubtful assets. These internally assigned grades are updated on a continual basis throughout the course of the year and represent management’s most updated judgment regarding grades at September 30, 2019. The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands), segregated by loan grade and class, as of September 30, 2019: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 59,807 $ 1,716 $ 1,968 $ — $ — $ 63,491 Farmland 14,747 379 859 — — 15,985 1-4 77,590 1,924 7,002 — — 86,516 Commercial Real Estate 165,914 22,631 17,423 — — 205,968 Total Real Estate Loans 318,058 26,650 27,252 — — 371,960 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 83,337 144 3,999 — — 87,480 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 707 — 4 — 31 742 Total Business Loans 84,044 144 4,003 — 31 88,222 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,679 — 65 — — 1,744 Other Consumer Loans 11,380 50 113 41 — 11,584 Total Consumer Loans 13,059 50 178 41 — 13,328 Total Loans $ 415,161 $ 26,844 $ 31,433 $ 41 $ 31 $ 473,510 The following table details the amount of gross loans (in thousands) segregated by loan grade and class, as of December 31, 2018: Special Satisfactory Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total 1,2,3,4 5,6 7 8 9 Loans Real Estate: Land Development and Construction $ 39,726 $ 840 $ 568 $ — $ — $ 41,134 Farmland 13,248 339 911 — — 14,498 1-4 79,659 1,751 7,337 — — 88,747 Commercial Real Estate 172,217 17,938 13,440 — — 203,595 Total Real Estate Loans 304,850 20,868 22,256 — — 347,974 Business Loans: Commercial and Industrial Loans 63,994 81 2,346 — — 66,421 Farm Production and Other Farm Loans 876 — 31 — — 907 Total Business Loans 64,870 81 2,377 — — 67,328 Consumer Loans: Credit Cards 1,628 — 20 — — 1,648 Other Consumer Loans 12,181 65 71 55 — 12,372 Total Consumer Loans 13,809 65 91 55 — 14,020 Total Loans $ 383,529 $ 21,014 $ 24,724 $ 55 $ — $ 429,322 The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses within the existing portfolio of loans. The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses and risks inherent in the loan portfolio. The allowance on the majority of the loan portfolio is calculated using a historical chargeoff percentage applied to the current loan balances by loan segment. This historical period is the average of the previous twenty quarters with the most current quarters weighted more heavily to show the effect of the most recent chargeoff activity. This percentage is also adjusted for economic factors such as local unemployment and general business conditions, both local and nationwide. The group of loans that are considered to be impaired are individually evaluated for possible loss and a specific reserve is established to cover any loss contingency. Loans that are determined to be a loss with no benefit of remaining in the portfolio are charged off to the allowance. These specific reserves are reviewed periodically for continued impairment and adequacy of the specific reserve and are adjusted when necessary. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2019: Real Business September 30, 2019 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2019 $ 2,844,681 $ 221,841 $ 305,173 $ 3,371,695 Provision for loan losses (883 ) 269,917 203,002 472,036 Chargeoffs 15,073 91,291 76,972 183,336 Recoveries 101,119 8,858 35,207 145,184 Net (recoveries) chargeoffs (86,046 ) 82,433 41,765 38,152 Ending Balance $ 2,929,844 $ 409,325 $ 466,410 $ 3,805,579 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 506,560 $ 71,962 $ — $ 578,522 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,423,284 337,363 466,410 3,227,057 Ending Balance, September 30, 2019 $ 2,929,844 $ 409,325 $ 466,410 $ 3,805,579 The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2018: Real Business September 30, 2018 Estate Loans Consumer Total Beginning Balance, January 1, 2018 $ 2,151,715 $ 346,781 $ 520,732 $ 3,019,228 Provision for (reversal of) loan losses 615,927 (289,894 ) (185,268 ) 140,765 Chargeoffs 202,352 31,236 117,401 350,989 Recoveries 91,071 203,777 69,091 363,939 Net chargeoffs (recoveries) 111,281 (172,541 ) 48,310 (12,950 ) Ending Balance $ 2,656,361 $ 229,428 $ 287,154 $ 3,172,943 Period end allowance allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 409,496 $ — $ — $ 409,496 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 2,246,865 229,428 287,154 2,763,447 Ending Balance, September 30, 2018 $ 2,656,361 $ 229,428 $ 287,154 $ 3,172,943 The Corporation’s recorded investment in loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 related to each balance in the allowance for possible loan losses by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of the Corporation’s impairment methodology was as follows (in thousands): Real Business September 30, 2019 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 11,432 $ 144 $ — $ 11,576 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 360,528 88,078 13,328 461,934 $ 371,960 $ 88,222 $ 13,328 $ 473,510 Real Business December 31, 2018 Estate Loans Consumer Total Loans individually evaluated for specific impairment $ 10,306 $ — $ — $ 10,306 Loans collectively evaluated for general impairment 337,668 67,328 14,020 419,016 $ 347,974 $ 67,328 $ 14,020 $ 429,322 |