1. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2014 |
Significant Accounting Policies Policies | |
Description of Business | Crexendo, Inc. is incorporated in the state of Delaware. As used hereafter in the notes to consolidated financial statements, we refer to Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, as “we,” “us,” or “our Company”. We are a hosted services company that provides web hosting, hosted telecommunications services, e-commerce software, website development software, and broadband internet services for businesses and entrepreneurs. Our services are designed to make enterprise-class hosting services available to small, medium-sized and enterprise-sized businesses at affordable monthly rates. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services. |
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The Company has transformed into a start-up company with the inherent risks and uncertainties of funding operations until profitability is achieved. We currently plan to fund our operations during the next twelve months using our cash and cash equivalents of $2,906,000 and our cash flows from operations, which we believe based on forecasts will be sufficient. However, the company has the ability to call outstanding warrants to provide additional liquidity for approximately $690,000, if needed. In addition, if needed, the Company received a commitment from the CEO, and major shareholder, in February 2015 that he would provide up to $1,000,000 of financial support to enable the Company to fund its operations through March 31, 2016. As such, the Company believes it will have sufficient funds to sustain its operations during the next twelve months as a result of the sources of funding detailed above. |
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Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of Crexendo, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, which include Avail 24/7 Inc., Crexendo Business Solutions, Inc., StoresOnline Inc., StoresOnline International Canada ULC, StoresOnline International, Inc., StoresOnline International Ltd., Internet Training Group, Inc., Crexendo International, Inc., Crexendo Telecom, Inc., and Crexendo Property Management, LLC. All intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These consolidated financial statements reflect the results of operations, financial position, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows of our Company. |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents - We consider all highly liquid, short-term investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2014, we had cash and cash equivalents in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $2,487,000. |
Restricted Cash | Restricted Cash – We classified $133,000 and $487,000 as restricted cash as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cash is restricted for state licensing letters of credit and compensating balance requirements on merchant accounts, and purchasing card agreements. As of December 31, 2014, we had restricted cash in financial institutions in excess of federally insured limits in the amount of $133,000. |
Trade Receivables | Trade Receivables – We have historically offered to our web site development software customers the option to finance, typically through 24 and 36-month extended payment term arrangements (“EPTAs”), purchases made at our suspended Internet Training Workshops through our Web Services segment. EPTAs are reflected as short-term and long-term trade receivables, as applicable, as we have the intent and ability to hold the receivables for the foreseeable future, until maturity or payoff. EPTAs are recorded on a nonaccrual cash basis beginning on the contract date. Trade receivables from our hosted telecommunications and web services segments are recorded at invoiced amounts. |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts – For sales made through EPTA contracts, we record an allowance for doubtful accounts each reporting period based on the Company’s ongoing assessment of collectability. The allowance represents estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make required payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts for EPTAs is netted against the current and long-term trade receivables balances. The allowance estimate is based on historical collection experience, specific identification of probable bad debts based on collection efforts, aging of trade receivables, customer payment history, and other known factors, including current economic conditions. We believe that the allowance for doubtful accounts is adequate based on our assessment to date, however, actual collection results may differ materially from our expectations. Because revenue generated from customers financing through EPTAs is deferred and not recognized prior to the collection of cash, adjustments to the allowance for doubtful accounts related to our EPTA contracts increase or decrease deferred revenue. Trade receivables are written off against the allowance when the related customers are no longer making required payments and the trade receivables are determined to be uncollectible, typically 90 days past their original due date. For sales made in our Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services segments, the allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. We determine the allowance based on known troubled accounts, historical experience, and other currently available evidence. |
Interest Income | Interest Income - Interest income is primarily earned from EPTA contracts. EPTA contract terms generally contain an 18% simple interest rate. Interest income is recognized on these accounts only to the extent cash is received as the receivables are generally 24 and 36-months in length and collection of the full amount of the receivable is not probable. We recognized interest income of $150,000 and $501,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
Inventory | Inventory - Telecommunications equipment inventory is stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we regularly evaluate whether inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. |
Certificate of Deposit | Certificate of Deposit - We hold a $251,000 certificate of deposit as collateral for merchant accounts, which automatically renews every 12 months. The certificate of deposit is classified as long-term in the consolidated balance sheets. |
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment - Depreciation and amortization expense is computed using the straight-line method in amounts sufficient to allocate the cost of depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives ranging from two to five years. The cost of leasehold improvements is amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the asset or the term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $415,000 and $1,022,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Depreciable lives by asset group are as follows: |
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Computer software | 3 years | | | | | | | |
Furniture and fixtures | 4 years | | | | | | | |
Leasehold improvements | 2 to 5 years | | | | | | | |
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Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. The cost and accumulated depreciation of property and equipment sold or otherwise retired are removed from the accounts and any related gain or loss on disposition is reflected in net income or loss for the year. |
Goodwill | Goodwill – Goodwill is tested for impairment using a fair-value-based approach on an annual basis (December 31) and between annual tests if indicators of potential impairment exist. During the quarter ended September 30, 2013, the Company made a strategic decision to limit the sale of web services to our enterprise sized customers. As this change significantly impacted revenue in our Web Services segment, the Company determined that the change was a triggering event requiring the Company to perform an impairment assessment to determine whether the carrying amount of the goodwill exceeded its fair value. In accordance with the accounting guidance, the Company performed the two-step goodwill impairment test and concluded that the goodwill related to CastleWave was impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $265,000 to eliminate the carrying value of the CastleWave goodwill. |
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets - Our intangible assets consist primarily of assets acquired in the acquisition of PBX Central and OSV, which include customer relationships and developed technology. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based upon the lower of discounted future cash flow projections or the amount paid in an arm’s length transaction. The intangible assets are amortized following the patterns in which the economic benefits are consumed. Amortization expense from these acquired assets is included in general and administrative expenses and totaled $248,000 and $123,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
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We periodically review the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets and review these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. The determination of impairment is based on estimates of future undiscounted cash flows. If an intangible asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of the impairment will be equal to the excess of the carrying value over the fair value of the asset. |
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates - In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of net sales and expenses during the reported periods. Specific estimates and judgments include inventory valuation and obsolescence, valuation of goodwill and intangible assets in connection with business acquisitions, allowances for doubtful accounts, sales returns and allowances, uncertainties related to certain income tax benefits, valuation of deferred income tax assets, valuations of share-based payments and recoverability of long-lived assets. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience and on our expectations that are believed to be reasonable. The combination of these factors forms the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from our current estimates and those differences may be material. |
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition - In general, we recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement; (2) the product or service has been provided to the customer; (3) the amount of fees to be paid by the customer is fixed or determinable; and (4) the collection of our fees is probable. We recognize revenue from our Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services segments on an accrual basis, with the exception of our EPTA cash receipts which are recognized on a cash basis. Specifics to revenue category are as follows: |
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Software licenses and DVD training courses sold under EPTAs are recognized as revenue upon receipt of cash from customers and not at the time of sale. Accounting standards require revenue to be deferred until customer payments are received if collection of the original principal balance is not probable. |
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We enter into agreements where revenue is derived from multiple deliverables including any mix of products and/or services. For these arrangements, we determine whether the delivered item(s) has value to the customer on a stand-alone basis, and in the event the arrangement includes a general right of return relative to the delivered item(s), whether the delivery or performance of the undelivered item(s) is considered probable and substantially in our control. If these criteria are met, the arrangement consideration is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on each unit’s relative selling price. If these criteria are not met, the arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting which would result in revenue being recognized ratably over the contract term or deferred until the earlier of when such criteria are met or when the last undelivered element is delivered. The amount of product and services revenue recognized for arrangements with multiple deliverables is impacted by the allocation of arrangement consideration to the deliverables in the arrangement based on the relative selling prices. In determining our selling prices, we apply the selling price hierarchy using vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) when available, third-party evidence of selling price (“TPE”) if VSOE does not exist, and best estimated selling price (“BESP”) if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. |
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VSOE of fair value for elements of an arrangement is based upon the normal pricing and discounting practices for a deliverable when sold separately. In determining VSOE, we require that a substantial majority of the selling prices fall within a reasonably narrow pricing range, generally evidenced by a substantial majority of such historical stand-alone transactions falling within a reasonably narrow range of the median rate. In addition, we consider major service groups, geographies, customer classifications, and other variables in determining VSOE. |
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We are typically not able to determine TPE for our products or services. TPE is determined based on competitor prices for similar deliverables when sold separately. Generally, our offerings contain a significant level of differentiation such that the comparable pricing of products with similar functionality is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, we are unable to reliably determine what similar competitor products’ selling prices are on a stand-alone basis. |
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When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP in our allocation of arrangement consideration. The objective of BESP is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. We determine BESP for a product or service by considering multiple factors including, but not limited to, cost of products, gross margin objectives, pricing practices, geographies, customer classes and distribution channels. |
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We recognize revenue for delivered elements only when we determine there are no uncertainties regarding customer acceptance. Changes in the allocation of the sales price between delivered and undelivered elements can impact the timing of revenue recognized but does not change the total revenue recognized on any agreement. |
Professional Services Revenue | Professional Services Revenue - Fees collected for professional services, including website design and development, search engine optimization services, link-building, paid search management services, and telecom installation services are recognized as revenue, net of expected customer refunds, over the period during which the services are performed, based upon the value for such services. |
Web and Telecommunications Services Hosting Revenue | Web and Telecommunications Services Hosting Revenue - Fees collected for hosting revenue are recognized ratably as services are provided. Customers are billed for these services on a monthly or annual basis at the customer’s option. We recognize revenue ratably over the applicable service period. When we provide a free trial period, we do not begin to recognize subscription revenue until the trial period has ended and the customer has been billed for the services. |
Equipment Sales and Financing Revenue | Equipment Sales and Financing Revenue - Fees generated from the sale of telecommunications equipment are recognized when the devices are installed and hosted telecommunications services begin. |
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Fees generated from renting our hosted telecommunication equipment (IP or cloud telephone devices) through leasing contracts are recognized as revenue based on whether the lease qualifies as an operating lease or sales-type lease. The two primary accounting provisions which we use to classify transactions as sales-type or operating leases are: 1) lease term to determine if it is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the equipment and 2) the present value of the minimum lease payments to determine if they are equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of the equipment at the inception of the lease. The economic life of most of our products is estimated to be three years, since this represents the most frequent contractual lease term for our products, and there is no residual value for used equipment. Residual values, if any, are established at the lease inception using estimates of fair value at the end of the lease term. The vast majority of our leases that qualify as sales-type leases are non-cancelable and include cancellation penalties approximately equal to the full value of the lease receivables. Leases that do not meet the criteria for sales-type lease accounting are accounted for as operating leases. Revenue from sales-type leases is recognized upon installation and the interest portion is deferred and recognized as earned. Revenue from operating leases in recognized ratably over the applicable service period. |
Commission Revenue | Commission Revenue - We have affiliate agreements with third-party entities that are resellers of satellite television services and internet service provider bandwidth. We receive commissions when the services are bundled with our hosted service offerings. |
Cost of Revenue | Cost of Revenue – Cost of Hosted Telecommunications Service revenue primarily consists of fees we pay to third-party telecommunications and business internet providers, personnel costs related to system implementation, customer service and travel costs related to system implementation, and the costs associated with the purchase of phones and other third party equipment. Cost of Web Services revenue consists primarily of salaries and outsourcing fees related to fulfillment of our web services and customer service costs. |
Prepaid Sales Commissions | Prepaid Sales Commissions - For arrangements where we recognize revenue over the relevant contract period, we defer related commission payments to our direct sales force and amortize these amounts over the same period that the related revenues are recognized. This is done to match commissions with the related revenues. Commission payments are nonrefundable unless amounts due from a customer are determined to be uncollectible or if the customer subsequently changes or terminates the level of service, in which case commissions which were paid are recoverable by us. Prepaid sales commissions were as follows: |
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| | December 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Prepaid sales commissions | | $ | 424,000 | | | $ | 189,000 | |
Accumulated amortization | | | (116,000 | ) | | | (13,000 | ) |
Prepaid sales commissions, net | | $ | 308,000 | | | $ | 176,000 | |
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We amortized commission expense of $103,000 and $13,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
Research and Development | Research and Development - Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Costs related to internally developed software are expensed as research and development expense until technological feasibility has been achieved, after which the costs are capitalized. |
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements - The fair value of our financial assets and liabilities was determined based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value which are the following: |
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Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices that are available in active markets for the identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. |
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Level 2 — Other observable inputs available at the measurement date, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, either directly or indirectly, including: |
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· Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; |
· Quoted prices for identical or similar assets in non-active markets; |
· Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and |
· Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by other observable market data. |
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Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data and reflect the use of significant management judgment. These values are generally determined using pricing models for which the assumptions utilize management’s estimates of market participant assumptions. |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes - We recognize a liability or asset for the deferred tax consequences of all temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years when the reported amounts of the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Accruals for uncertain tax positions are provided for in accordance with accounting guidance. Accordingly, we may recognize the tax benefits from an uncertain tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Accounting guidance is also provided on de-recognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties associated with tax positions, and income tax disclosures. Judgment is required in assessing the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. Variations in the actual outcome of these future tax consequences could materially impact our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we evaluate all significant available positive and negative evidence, including historical operating results, estimates of future taxable income and the existence of prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. We have placed a full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets, see Note 12. |
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Interest and penalties associated with income taxes are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. |
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We do not intend to indefinitely reinvest the undistributed earnings of our United Kingdom subsidiary, therefore, we have provided for U.S. deferred income taxes on such undistributed foreign earnings. All other foreign subsidiaries are considered disregarded foreign entities for US tax purposes. |
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation - For equity-classified awards, compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period based on the computed fair value on the grant date of the award. Equity classified awards include the issuance of stock options. |
Comprehensive Loss | Comprehensive Loss – There were no other components of comprehensive loss other than net loss for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Operating Segments | Operating Segments - Accounting guidance establishes standards for the way public business enterprises are to report information about operating segments in annual financial statements and requires enterprises to report selected information about operating segments in financial reports issued to stockholders. The Company has two operating segments, which consist of Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services. Research and development expenses are allocated to Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services segments based on the level of effort, measured primarily by wages and benefits attributed to our engineering department. Indirect sales and marketing expenses are allocated to the Hosted Telecommunications Services and Web Services segments based on level of effort, measured by month-to-date contract bookings. General and administrative expenses are allocated to both segments based on revenue recognized for each segment. Accounting guidance also establishes standards for related disclosure about products and services, geographic areas and major customers. We generate over 90% of our total revenue from customers within North America (United States and Canada) and less than 10% of our total revenues from customers in other parts of the world. |
Significant Customers | Significant Customers – No customer accounted for 10% or more of our total revenue or total accounts receivable as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance | Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2014-09 that introduces a new five-step revenue recognition model in which an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU also requires disclosures sufficient to enable users to understand the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers, including qualitative and quantitative disclosures about contracts with customers, significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements. |
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In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period. This ASU requires that a performance target that affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. A reporting entity should apply existing guidance in ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation, as it relates to such awards. ASU 2014-12 is effective for us in our first quarter of fiscal 2017 with early adoption permitted using either of two methods: (i) prospective to all awards granted or modified after the effective date; or (ii) retrospective to all awards with performance targets that are outstanding as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements and to all new or modified awards thereafter, with the cumulative effect of applying ASU 2014-12 as an adjustment to the opening retained earnings balance as of the beginning of the earliest annual period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement to its consolidated financial statements. |
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In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15. This ASU requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles that are currently in U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the ASU (1) provides a definition of the term substantial doubt, (2) requires an evaluation every reporting period including interim periods, (3) provides principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) requires certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) requires an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is not alleviated, and (6) requires an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). This standard is effective for the fiscal years ending after December 15, 2016, and for annual periods and interim periods thereafter. Early application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the new guidance to determine the impact it will have on its consolidated financial statements. |