Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans held for investment are summarized by portfolio segment as follows: (in thousands) March 31, 2019 December 31, 2018 Commercial $ 10,673,960 $ 10,373,288 Mortgage finance(1) 6,299,710 5,877,524 Construction 2,493,192 2,120,966 Real estate 3,642,566 3,929,117 Consumer 61,377 63,438 Equipment leases 292,248 312,191 Gross loans held for investment 23,463,053 22,676,524 Deferred income (net of direct origination costs) (101,753 ) (108,450 ) Allowance for loan losses (208,573 ) (191,522 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 23,152,727 $ 22,376,552 (1) Balances at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are stated net of $185.4 million and $193.0 million of participations sold, respectively. Summary of Loan Loss Experience The following tables summarize the credit risk profile of our loans held for investment by internally assigned grades and non-accrual status: (in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Finance Construction Real Estate Consumer Equipment Leases Total March 31, 2019 Grade: Pass $ 10,205,865 $ 6,299,710 $ 2,478,880 $ 3,526,380 $ 59,759 $ 289,664 $ 22,860,258 Special mention 200,920 — — 75,755 — 1,975 278,650 Substandard-accruing 145,988 — 14,312 27,980 1,566 609 190,455 Non-accrual 121,187 — — 12,451 52 — 133,690 Total loans held for investment $ 10,673,960 $ 6,299,710 $ 2,493,192 $ 3,642,566 $ 61,377 $ 292,248 $ 23,463,053 December 31, 2018 Grade: Pass $ 10,034,597 $ 5,877,524 $ 2,099,955 $ 3,850,811 $ 61,815 $ 309,775 $ 22,234,477 Special mention 120,531 — 21,011 47,644 — 2,223 191,409 Substandard-accruing 140,297 — — 28,205 1,568 193 170,263 Non-accrual 77,863 — — 2,457 55 — 80,375 Total loans held for investment $ 10,373,288 $ 5,877,524 $ 2,120,966 $ 3,929,117 $ 63,438 $ 312,191 $ 22,676,524 The allowance for loan losses is comprised of general reserves and specific reserves for impaired loans based on our estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date, but not yet identified with specified loans. We believe the allowance at March 31, 2019 to be appropriate, given management's assessment of losses inherent in the portfolio as of the evaluation date, the growth in the loan and lease portfolio, current economic conditions in our market areas and other factors. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses, as well as the recorded investment in loans held for investment, by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of our impairment methodology. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. (in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Finance Construction Real Estate Consumer Equipment Leases Additional Qualitative Reserve Total Three months ended March 31, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 129,442 $ — $ 19,242 $ 33,353 $ 425 $ 1,829 $ 7,231 $ 191,522 Provision for loan losses 25,506 1,300 3,583 (1,272 ) (46 ) (201 ) (7,231 ) 21,639 Charge-offs 4,865 — — — — — — 4,865 Recoveries 266 — — — 10 1 — 277 Net charge-offs (recoveries) 4,599 — — — (10 ) (1 ) — 4,588 Ending balance $ 150,349 $ 1,300 $ 22,825 $ 32,081 $ 389 $ 1,629 $ — $ 208,573 Period end allowance for loan losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 27,409 $ — $ — $ 1,599 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 29,018 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 122,940 1,300 22,825 30,482 379 1,629 — 179,555 Total $ 150,349 $ 1,300 $ 22,825 $ 32,081 $ 389 $ 1,629 $ — $ 208,573 Period end loans allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 121,187 $ — $ — $ 18,709 $ 52 $ — $ — $ 139,948 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 10,552,773 6,299,710 2,493,192 3,623,857 61,325 292,248 — 23,323,105 Total $ 10,673,960 $ 6,299,710 $ 2,493,192 $ 3,642,566 $ 61,377 $ 292,248 $ — $ 23,463,053 Three months ended March 31, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 118,806 $ — $ 19,273 $ 34,287 $ 357 $ 3,542 $ 8,390 $ 184,655 Provision for loan losses 17,546 — (518 ) (200 ) (178 ) (18 ) (5,184 ) 11,448 Charge-offs 5,667 — — — — — — 5,667 Recoveries 360 — — 24 59 19 — 462 Net charge-offs (recoveries) 5,307 — — (24 ) (59 ) (19 ) — 5,205 Ending balance $ 131,045 $ — $ 18,755 $ 34,111 $ 238 $ 3,543 $ 3,206 $ 190,898 Period end allowance for loan losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 34,897 $ — $ — $ 22 $ 2 $ — $ — $ 34,921 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 96,148 — 18,755 34,089 236 3,543 3,206 155,977 Total $ 131,045 $ — $ 18,755 $ 34,111 $ 238 $ 3,543 $ 3,206 $ 190,898 Period end loans allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 123,206 $ — $ — $ 1,187 $ 72 $ — $ — $ 124,465 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 9,337,818 4,689,938 2,224,403 3,833,571 47,239 276,303 — 20,409,272 Total $ 9,461,024 $ 4,689,938 $ 2,224,403 $ 3,834,758 $ 47,311 $ 276,303 $ — $ 20,533,737 During the first quarter of 2019, we refined our methodology for calculating the allowance for loan losses to improve the specificity of the risk weights and the risk-weighting process for each product type assigned to the loans in our held for investment portfolio. As a result of these refinements, management is better able to allocate inherent losses previously accounted for in the additional qualitative reserve component of our allowance for loan losses to specific product types and credit risk grades, thus eliminating the additional qualitative reserve component of our allowance for loan losses in the first quarter of 2019. Additionally, this improved specificity and consideration of current mortgage market conditions has resulted in the allocation of a portion of the company’s provision for loan losses to our mortgage finance loan portfolio for the first time in the first quarter of 2019. The following tables detail our impaired loans held for investment by portfolio segment. In accordance with ASC 310, Receivables , we have also included all restructured and formerly restructured loans in our impaired loan totals. (in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized March 31, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 21,075 $ 37,077 $ — $ 12,218 $ — Energy loans 9,048 10,124 — 5,724 — Real estate Market risk — — — — — Commercial 7,220 7,220 — 4,048 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,228 1,228 — 683 — Consumer — — — — — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded $ 38,571 $ 55,649 $ — $ 22,673 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 23,374 $ 23,909 $ 9,663 $ 11,687 $ — Energy loans 67,690 70,551 17,746 28,195 — Real estate Market risk 8,478 8,478 1,378 2,826 — Commercial — — — — — Secured by 1-4 family 1,783 1,783 221 647 — Consumer 52 52 10 30 — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded $ 101,377 $ 104,773 $ 29,018 $ 43,385 $ — Combined: Commercial Business loans $ 44,449 $ 60,986 $ 9,663 $ 23,905 $ — Energy loans 76,738 80,675 17,746 33,919 — Real estate Market risk 8,478 8,478 1,378 2,826 — Commercial 7,220 7,220 — 4,048 — Secured by 1-4 family 3,011 3,011 221 1,330 — Consumer 52 52 10 30 — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans $ 139,948 $ 160,422 $ 29,018 $ 66,058 $ — (in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 23,367 $ 55,008 $ — $ 16,426 $ 133 Energy loans 12,188 13,363 — 17,135 — Real estate Market risk — — — — — Commercial 7,388 7,388 — 3,215 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,233 1,233 — 734 — Consumer — — — — — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded $ 44,176 $ 76,992 $ — $ 37,510 $ 133 With an allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 17,529 $ 17,564 $ 4,679 $ 41,307 $ — Energy loans 25,344 28,105 3,573 25,672 — Real estate Market risk — — — 49 — Commercial — — — 83 — Secured by 1-4 family 236 236 48 188 — Consumer 55 55 10 54 — Equipment leases — — — 275 — Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded $ 43,164 $ 45,960 $ 8,310 $ 67,628 $ — Combined: Commercial Business loans $ 40,896 $ 72,572 $ 4,679 $ 57,733 $ 133 Energy loans 37,532 41,468 3,573 42,807 — Real estate Market risk — — — 49 — Commercial 7,388 7,388 — 3,298 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,469 1,469 48 922 — Consumer 55 55 10 54 — Equipment leases — — — 275 — Total impaired loans $ 87,340 $ 122,952 $ 8,310 $ 105,138 $ 133 Average impaired loans outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2019 , and 2018 totaled $66.1 million and $109.9 million , respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income on a cash basis. The table below provides an age analysis of our loans held for investment: (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days(1) Total Past Due Non-accrual Current Total March 31, 2019 Commercial Business loans $ 32,935 $ 13,524 $ 12,093 $ 58,552 $ 44,449 $ 8,869,686 $ 8,972,687 Energy 603 — — 603 76,738 1,623,932 1,701,273 Mortgage finance loans — — — — — 6,299,710 6,299,710 Construction Market risk 688 14,312 — 15,000 — 2,367,746 2,382,746 Commercial — — — — — 80,659 80,659 Secured by 1-4 family — — — — — 29,787 29,787 Real estate Market risk 5,030 607 — 5,637 8,478 2,546,670 2,560,785 Commercial 4,834 669 — 5,503 962 719,349 725,814 Secured by 1-4 family 7,748 — 86 7,834 3,011 345,122 355,967 Consumer 2,442 75 66 2,583 52 58,742 61,377 Equipment leases 1,697 — — 1,697 — 290,551 292,248 Total loans held for investment $ 55,977 $ 29,187 $ 12,245 $ 97,409 $ 133,690 $ 23,231,954 $ 23,463,053 (1) Loans past due 90 days and still accruing includes premium finance loans of $12.0 million . These loans are generally secured by obligations of insurance carriers to refund premiums on canceled insurance policies. The refund of premiums from the insurance carriers can take 180 days or longer from the cancellation date. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , we did not have any loans considered restructured that were not on non-accrual. Of the non-accrual loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , $38.4 million and $20.0 million , respectively, met the criteria for restructured. These loans had no unfunded commitments at their respective balance sheet dates. The following table details the recorded investment at March 31, 2019 of loans that have been restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2019 by type of modification: Extended Maturity Adjusted Payment Schedule Total (in thousands, except number of contracts) Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Three months ended March 31, 2019 Commercial: Energy loans 1 $ 22,540 — $ — 1 $ 22,540 We did not have any loans that were restructured during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Restructured loans generally include terms to temporarily place the loan on interest only, extend the payment terms or reduce the interest rate. We did not forgive any principal on the above loans. At March 31, 2019 , all of the above loans restructured in 2019 are on non-accrual. The restructuring of the loans did not have a significant impact on our allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2019 or 2018 . As of March 31, 2019 and 2018 , we did not have any loans that were restructured within the last 12 months that subsequently defaulted. |