Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses | Loans Held for Investment and Allowance for Loan Losses Loans held for investment are summarized by portfolio segment as follows: (in thousands) September 30, 2019 December 31, 2018 Commercial $ 10,377,952 $ 10,373,288 Mortgage finance(1) 7,951,432 5,877,524 Construction 2,641,019 2,120,966 Real estate 3,513,799 3,929,117 Consumer 68,033 63,438 Equipment leases 266,600 312,191 Gross loans held for investment 24,818,835 22,676,524 Deferred income (net of direct origination costs) (94,579 ) (108,450 ) Allowance for loan losses (190,138 ) (191,522 ) Total loans held for investment, net $ 24,534,118 $ 22,376,552 (1) Balances at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are stated net of $734.7 million and $193.0 million of participations sold, respectively. Summary of Loan Loss Experience The following tables summarize the credit risk profile of our loans held for investment by internally assigned grades and non-accrual status: (in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Finance Construction Real Estate Consumer Equipment Leases Total September 30, 2019 Grade: Pass $ 9,986,993 $ 7,951,432 $ 2,605,995 $ 3,404,146 $ 67,844 $ 266,101 $ 24,282,511 Special mention 198,186 — 19,324 73,927 150 245 291,832 Substandard-accruing 83,502 — 15,700 24,350 — 254 123,806 Non-accrual 109,271 — — 11,376 39 — 120,686 Total loans held for investment $ 10,377,952 $ 7,951,432 $ 2,641,019 $ 3,513,799 $ 68,033 $ 266,600 $ 24,818,835 December 31, 2018 Grade: Pass $ 10,034,597 $ 5,877,524 $ 2,099,955 $ 3,850,811 $ 61,815 $ 309,775 $ 22,234,477 Special mention 120,531 — 21,011 47,644 — 2,223 191,409 Substandard-accruing 140,297 — — 28,205 1,568 193 170,263 Non-accrual 77,863 — — 2,457 55 — 80,375 Total loans held for investment $ 10,373,288 $ 5,877,524 $ 2,120,966 $ 3,929,117 $ 63,438 $ 312,191 $ 22,676,524 The allowance for loan losses is comprised of general reserves and specific reserves for impaired loans based on our estimate of losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date, but not yet identified with specified loans. We believe the allowance at September 30, 2019 to be appropriate, given management's assessment of losses inherent in the portfolio as of the evaluation date, the growth in the loan and lease portfolio, current economic conditions in our market areas and other factors. The following table details activity in the allowance for loan losses, as well as the recorded investment in loans held for investment, by portfolio segment and disaggregated on the basis of our impairment methodology. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories. (in thousands) Commercial Mortgage Finance Construction Real Estate Consumer Equipment Leases Additional Qualitative Reserve Total Nine months ended September 30, 2019 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 129,442 $ — $ 19,242 $ 33,353 $ 425 $ 1,829 $ 7,231 $ 191,522 Provision for loan losses 74,462 1,966 712 (7,916 ) (419 ) (1,491 ) (7,231 ) 60,083 Charge-offs 62,678 — — 177 — 19 — 62,874 Recoveries 1,337 — — — 60 10 — 1,407 Net charge-offs (recoveries) 61,341 — — 177 (60 ) 9 — 61,467 Ending balance $ 142,563 $ 1,966 $ 19,954 $ 25,260 $ 66 $ 329 $ — $ 190,138 Period end allowance for loan losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 26,418 $ — $ — $ 101 $ 8 $ — $ — $ 26,527 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 116,145 1,966 19,954 25,159 58 329 — 163,611 Total $ 142,563 $ 1,966 $ 19,954 $ 25,260 $ 66 $ 329 $ — $ 190,138 Period end loans allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 109,271 $ — $ — $ 11,376 $ 39 $ — $ — $ 120,686 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 10,268,681 7,951,432 2,641,019 3,502,423 67,994 266,600 — 24,698,149 Total $ 10,377,952 $ 7,951,432 $ 2,641,019 $ 3,513,799 $ 68,033 $ 266,600 $ — $ 24,818,835 Nine months ended September 30, 2018 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 118,806 $ — $ 19,273 $ 34,287 $ 357 $ 3,542 $ 8,390 $ 184,655 Provision for loan losses 55,808 — 331 (1,635 ) 757 (1,425 ) (3,048 ) 50,788 Charge-offs 45,273 — — — 767 319 — 46,359 Recoveries 1,069 — — 43 78 32 — 1,222 Net charge-offs (recoveries) 44,204 — — (43 ) 689 287 — 45,137 Ending balance $ 130,410 $ — $ 19,604 $ 32,695 $ 425 $ 1,830 $ 5,342 $ 190,306 Period end allowance for loan losses allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 30,855 $ — $ — $ 70 $ 10 $ — $ — $ 30,935 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 99,555 — 19,604 32,625 415 1,830 5,342 159,371 Total $ 130,410 $ — $ 19,604 $ 32,695 $ 425 $ 1,830 $ 5,342 $ 190,306 Period end loans allocated to: Loans individually evaluated for impairment $ 105,522 $ — $ — $ 9,057 $ 60 $ — $ — $ 114,639 Loans collectively evaluated for impairment 10,011,423 5,477,787 2,263,463 3,915,625 51,632 319,411 — 22,039,341 Total $ 10,116,945 $ 5,477,787 $ 2,263,463 $ 3,924,682 $ 51,692 $ 319,411 $ — $ 22,153,980 During 2019, we refined our methodology for calculating the allowance for loan losses to improve the specificity of the risk weights and the risk-weighting process for each product type assigned to the loans in our held for investment portfolio. As a result of these refinements, we believe that management is better able to allocate inherent losses previously accounted for in the additional qualitative reserve component of our allowance for loan losses to specific product types and credit risk grades, thus eliminating the additional qualitative reserve component of our allowance for loan losses in 2019. Additionally, this improved specificity and consideration of current mortgage market conditions resulted in the allocation of a portion of the company’s provision for loan losses to our mortgage finance loan portfolio for the first time in 2019. The following tables detail our impaired loans held for investment by portfolio segment. In accordance with ASC 310, Receivables , we have also included all restructured and formerly restructured loans in our impaired loan totals. (in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized September 30, 2019 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 17,420 $ 31,270 $ — $ 18,902 $ — Energy loans 18,758 28,193 — 10,340 — Real estate Market risk 8,757 8,757 — 3,750 — Commercial 908 908 — 6,500 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,220 1,220 — 1,228 — Consumer — — — — — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded $ 47,063 $ 70,348 $ — $ 40,720 $ — With an allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 28,662 $ 31,730 $ 13,483 $ 24,184 $ — Energy loans 44,431 64,171 12,935 50,955 — Real estate Market risk 259 259 50 2,855 — Commercial — — — — — Secured by 1-4 family 232 232 51 750 — Consumer 39 39 8 71 — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded $ 73,623 $ 96,431 $ 26,527 $ 78,815 $ — Combined: Commercial Business loans $ 46,082 $ 63,000 $ 13,483 $ 43,086 $ — Energy loans 63,189 92,364 12,935 61,295 — Real estate Market risk 9,016 9,016 50 6,605 — Commercial 908 908 — 6,500 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,452 1,452 51 1,978 — Consumer 39 39 8 71 — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans $ 120,686 $ 166,779 $ 26,527 $ 119,535 $ — (in thousands) Recorded Investment Unpaid Principal Balance Related Allowance Average Recorded Investment Interest Income Recognized December 31, 2018 With no related allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 23,367 $ 55,008 $ — $ 16,426 $ 133 Energy loans 12,188 13,363 — 17,135 — Real estate Market risk — — — — — Commercial 7,388 7,388 — 3,215 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,233 1,233 — 734 — Consumer — — — — — Equipment leases — — — — — Total impaired loans with no allowance recorded $ 44,176 $ 76,992 $ — $ 37,510 $ 133 With an allowance recorded: Commercial Business loans $ 17,529 $ 17,564 $ 4,679 $ 41,307 $ — Energy loans 25,344 28,105 3,573 25,672 — Real estate Market risk — — — 49 — Commercial — — — 83 — Secured by 1-4 family 236 236 48 188 — Consumer 55 55 10 54 — Equipment leases — — — 275 — Total impaired loans with an allowance recorded $ 43,164 $ 45,960 $ 8,310 $ 67,628 $ — Combined: Commercial Business loans $ 40,896 $ 72,572 $ 4,679 $ 57,733 $ 133 Energy loans 37,532 41,468 3,573 42,807 — Real estate Market risk — — — 49 — Commercial 7,388 7,388 — 3,298 — Secured by 1-4 family 1,469 1,469 48 922 — Consumer 55 55 10 54 — Equipment leases — — — 275 — Total impaired loans $ 87,340 $ 122,952 $ 8,310 $ 105,138 $ 133 Average impaired loans outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $119.5 million and $105.0 million , respectively. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , none of our non-accrual loans were earning interest income on a cash basis. The table below provides an age analysis of our loans held for investment: (in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90 Days(1) Total Past Due Non-accrual Current Total September 30, 2019 Commercial Business loans $ 31,313 $ 6,039 $ 19,084 $ 56,436 $ 46,082 $ 8,728,321 $ 8,830,839 Energy 30,000 4,200 7,550 41,750 63,189 1,442,174 1,547,113 Mortgage finance loans — — — — — 7,951,432 7,951,432 Construction Market risk — 15,700 — 15,700 — 2,520,335 2,536,035 Commercial — — — — — 81,159 81,159 Secured by 1-4 family — — — — — 23,825 23,825 Real estate Market risk 3,129 14,004 2,061 19,194 9,016 2,294,067 2,322,277 Commercial — — — — 908 821,323 822,231 Secured by 1-4 family 312 — 953 1,265 1,452 366,574 369,291 Consumer 277 20 — 297 39 67,697 68,033 Equipment leases — — — — — 266,600 266,600 Total loans held for investment $ 65,031 $ 39,963 $ 29,648 $ 134,642 $ 120,686 $ 24,563,507 $ 24,818,835 (1) Loans past due 90 days and still accruing includes premium finance loans of $9.2 million . These loans are generally secured by obligations of insurance carriers to refund premiums on canceled insurance policies. The receipt of the refund of premiums from the insurance carriers can take 180 days or longer from the cancellation date. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , we did not have any loans considered restructured that were not on non-accrual. Of the non-accrual loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , $15.5 million and $20.0 million , respectively, met the criteria for restructured. These loans had no unfunded commitments at their respective balance sheet dates. The following table details the recorded investment at September 30, 2019 and 2018 of loans that have been restructured during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 by type of modification: Extended Maturity Adjusted Payment Schedule Total (in thousands, except number of contracts) Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Number of Contracts Balance at Period End Nine months ended September 30, 2019 Commercial: Business loans 1 $ 1,824 — $ — 1 $ 1,824 Energy loans 1 3,941 — — 1 3,941 Total 2 $ 5,765 — $ — 2 $ 5,765 Nine months ended September 30, 2018 Commercial: Business loans — $ — 2 $ 2,582 $ 2 $ 2,582 Energy loans — $ — 5 $ 12,332 5 $ 12,332 Total — $ — 7 $ 14,914 7 $ 14,914 Restructured loans generally include terms to temporarily place the loan on interest only, extend the payment terms or reduce the interest rate. We did not forgive any principal on the above restructured loans. At September 30, 2019 , all of the above loans restructured were on non-accrual. The restructuring of the loans did not have a significant impact on our allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 or 2018 . As of September 30, 2019 and 2018 , we did not have any loans that were restructured within the last 12 months that subsequently defaulted. |