Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 3 Months Ended |
Mar. 31, 2014 |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ' |
Nature of Business [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Nature of Business |
|
LookSmart, Ltd. (“LookSmart” or the “Company”) is a digital advertising solutions company that provides relevant solutions for search and display advertising customers, as well as programmatic ad buying, analytics, moderation and publishing across the entire social media ecosystem. Looksmart, through its Looksmart and Clickable branded products, provides solutions to enterprises from small and medium-sized businesses to large Fortune 50 companies. LookSmart was organized in 1996 and is incorporated in the State of Delaware. |
|
LookSmart operates in a large online advertising ecosystem serving ads that target user queries on partner sites. |
|
LookSmart offers search advertising customers targeted search via a monitored search advertising distribution network using the Company’s “AdCenter” platform technology. The Company’s search advertising network includes publishers and search advertising customers, including intermediaries and direct advertising customers and their agencies, as well as self-service customers in the United States and certain other countries. |
|
LookSmart also offers advertisers the ability to buy graphical display advertising. LookSmart’s trading desk personnel utilize digital signal processing (“DSP”), technology and licensed data from third party providers to buy targeted advertising on a real-time bidded basis. By leveraging our extensive historical search marketing network data along with performance data from a conversion pixel, LookSmart constructs models of the highest performing audiences, and targets them via exchange inventory. LookSmart offers its trading desk as a managed service. |
|
In addition, Looksmart, under its “Clickable” and “Syncapse” brands, allows customers to manage paid, owned and earned media by providing a suite of solutions for social media marketers that include publishing, monitoring, data storage, compliance, management, ad placement and analytics. |
|
Further, LookSmart offers publishers licensed private-label search advertiser network solutions based on its AdCenter platform technology (“Publisher Solutions”). Publisher Solutions consist of hosted auction-based ad serving with an ad backfill capability that allows publishers and portals to manage their advertiser relationships, distribution channels and accounts. |
|
Lastly, starting in the fourth quarter of 2013 the Company began to offer a LookSmart-branded search engine. For parties submitting search queries, the Company offers free-of-charge search results ranked and presented based on proprietary algorithms. While early in its evolution, part of the Company's current search engine monetization strategy is to generate sponsored search results as a part of overall search results and provide links to paying advertisers’ websites. |
|
Our largest category of customers is Intermediaries, defined as any customers who are not direct advertisers on our platform (“intermediaries”), the majority of which sell into the affiliate networks of the large search engine providers. Another category of customers is Direct Advertisers and their agencies most of whose objective is to obtain conversions or sales from the clicks. The last category of customers is Self-Service advertisers that sign-up directly online and pay by credit card. |
|
In 2013, the Company made the decision to decrease the amount of revenue that it received from Intermediaries compared to 2012. Current Management believes that this decision is in the best interests of the Company on a go-forward basis. Decreasing Intermediary revenue represented a continued trend from 2012 and was the primary driver of the Company's overall 2013 revenue decreases. The Company believes its revenue trends are tied to market-wide changes in the search ecosystem that have had a severe impact on Intermediary business models and consequently the business Intermediaries conduct with us. In both 2013 and 2012, we ceased business with a number of Intermediaries. |
|
In September 2013, LookSmart purchased the assets related to its syncapse technology for $3 million from MNP Ltd., a receiver appointed by Ontario Superior Court of Justice under an appointment order. Upon the completion of this transaction, the Company acquired a social media platform that allows enterprise customers the ability to publish, monitor and analyze their social media presence on paid, owned and earned media. The Company has begun to work with large international brands to assist them in creating, maintaining and analyzing their social media presence online. As a result of the Syncapse asset purchase, the Company is expanding its offerings to our current customer base. Our expanded offering allows LookSmart’s traditional customers the ability to manage ad spend in both search and social platforms. The Company’s goal is to partner with social media companies such as Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and YouTube, as well as others, to offer customers the ability to maximize their ad spend in all relevant ad categories. |
|
In November of 2013, LookSmart acquired an approximate 10,000 square foot Data Center facility in Phoenix, Arizona. Looksmart has completed the process of consolidating its cloud services in the newly occupied and wholly owned secure Data Center. As a result, the Company intends to expand its cloud-based offering to its customers. |
| | | | | | | | |
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Principles of Consolidation |
|
The Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. |
| | | | | | | | |
Unaudited Interim Financial Information [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Unaudited Interim Financial Information |
|
The accompanying Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2014, and for the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, reflect all adjustments that are normal and recurring in nature and, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair representation of the Company’s financial position as of March 31, 2014 and the results of operations for the periods shown. These Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013 (“Annual Report”). The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2013 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The results of operations for the interim period ended March 31, 2014 is not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year. |
| | | | | | | | |
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Use of Estimates and Assumptions |
|
The Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). This requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue, expenses, and contingent assets and liabilities during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates on various factors and information which may include, but are not limited to, history and prior experience, experience of other enterprises in the same industry, new related events, and current economic conditions and information from third party professionals that is believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. In management’s opinion, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement are reflected in the interim periods presented. |
| | | | | | | | |
Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Investments |
|
The Company invests its excess cash primarily in debt instruments of high-quality corporate and government issuers. All highly liquid instruments with maturities at the date of purchase greater than ninety days are considered investments. All instruments with maturities greater than one year from the balance sheet date are considered long-term investments unless management intends to liquidate such securities in the current operating cycle. Such securities are classified as short-term investments. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and carried at fair value. |
|
Changes in the value of these investments are primarily related to changes in interest rates and are considered to be temporary in nature. Except for declines in fair value that are not considered temporary, net unrealized gains or losses on these investments are reported in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss. The Company recognizes realized gains and losses upon sale of investments using the specific identification method. |
| | | | | | | | |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
|
The Company’s estimate of fair value for assets and liabilities is based on a framework that establishes a hierarchy of the inputs used in valuation and gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets and requires that observable inputs be used in the valuations when available. The disclosure of fair value estimates is based on whether the significant inputs into the valuation are observable. In determining the level of the hierarchy in which the estimate is disclosed, the highest priority is given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs that reflect our significant market assumptions. The three levels of the hierarchy are as follows: |
|
| Level 1: | Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that we have the ability to access. | | | | | | |
|
| Level 2: | Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets in inactive markets; or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable (e.g., interest rates, yield curves, default rates, etc.) or can be corroborated by observable market data. | | | | | | |
|
| Level 3: | Valuations based on models where significant inputs are not observable. The unobservable inputs reflect our assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use. | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
Revenue Recognition, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Revenue Recognition |
|
Our online search advertising revenue is composed of per-click fees that we charge customers and profit sharing arrangements we enter with Intermediaries. The per-click fee charged for keyword-targeted listings is calculated based on the results of online bidding for keywords or page content, up to a maximum cost per keyword or page content set by the customer. The Company has profit-sharing agreements with several customers that call for the sharing of profits and losses. Profit sharing arrangements are governed by contractual agreements. Revenue from these profit-sharing agreements is reported net of the customer’s share of profit. |
|
Revenue also includes revenue share from licensing of private-labeled versions of our AdCenter Platform. |
|
Revenues associated with online advertising products, including Advertiser Networks, are generally recognized once collectability is established, delivery of services has occurred, all performance obligations have been satisfied, and no refund obligations exist. We pay distribution network partners based on clicks on the advertiser’s ad that are displayed on the websites of these distribution network partners. These payments are called Traffic Acquisition Costs (“TAC”) and are included in cost of revenue. The revenue derived from these arrangements that involve traffic supplied by distribution network partners is reported gross of the payment to the distribution network partners. This revenue is reported gross due to the fact that we are the primary obligors to the advertisers who are the customers of the advertising service. |
|
We also enter into agreements to provide private-labeled versions of our products, including licenses to the AdCenter platform technology. These license arrangements may include some or all of the following elements: revenue-sharing based on the publisher’s customer’s monthly revenue generated through the AdCenter application; upfront fees; minimum monthly fees; and other license fees. We recognize upfront fees over the term of the arrangement or the expected period of performance, other license fees over the term of the license, and revenue-sharing portions over the period in which such revenue is earned. In all cases, revenue is recognized only when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the service is performed, and collectability of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. |
|
We provide a provision against revenue for estimated reductions resulting from billing adjustments and customer refunds. The amounts of these provisions are evaluated periodically based upon customer experience and historical trends. The allowance included in trade receivables, net is insignificant at both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. |
|
Deferred revenue is recorded when payments are received in advance of performance in underlying agreements. Customer deposits are recorded when customers make prepayments for online advertising. |
|
The Company evaluates individual arrangements with customers to make a determination under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605-45 Revenue Recognition. We test and record revenue accordingly. |
| | | | | | | | |
Trade and Other Accounts Receivable, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts |
|
The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from customers failing to make required payments. This valuation allowance is reviewed on a periodic basis. The review is based on factors including the application of historical collection rates to current receivables and economic conditions. Additional allowances for doubtful accounts are considered and recorded if there is deterioration in past due balances, if economic conditions are less favorable than the Company anticipated or for customer-specific circumstances, such as bankruptcy. The allowance for doubtful accounts included in trade accounts receivable, net is $0.7 million at both March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Bad debt expense included in general and administrative expense was insignificant and ($0.1) million for three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. |
| | | | | | | | |
Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Concentrations, Credit Risk and Credit Risk Evaluation |
|
Concentration of Credit Risk |
|
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable. As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company placed its cash equivalents and investments primarily through one financial institution, City National Bank (“CNB”), and mitigated the concentration of credit risk by placing percentage limits on the maximum portion of the investment portfolio which may be invested in any one investment instrument. The Company also invests in fully collateralized funds with maturities of less than two years. These amounts exceed federally insured limits at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. The Company has not experienced any credit losses on these cash equivalents and investment accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk on these funds. The fair value of these accounts is subject to fluctuation based on market prices. |
|
Credit Risk, Customer and Vendor Evaluation |
|
Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and are derived from sales to customers. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and maintains allowances for estimated credit losses. The Company applies judgment as to its ability to collect outstanding receivables based primarily on management’s evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and past collection history and records a specific allowance. In addition, the Company records an allowance based on the length of time the receivables are past due. Historically, such losses have been within management’s expectations. |
| | | | | | | | |
|
The following table reflects customers that accounted for more than 10% of net accounts receivable: |
|
| | March 31, | | | December 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Company 1 | | | 19 | % | | | ** | |
Company 2 | | | 13 | % | | | ** | |
Company 3 | | | 13 | % | | | ** | |
Company 4 | | | 11 | % | | | 22 | % |
Company 5 | | | ** | | | | 18 | % |
Company 6 | | | ** | | | | 16 | % |
|
|
** Less than 10% |
|
Revenue and Cost Concentrations |
|
The following table reflects the concentration of revenue by geographic locations that accounted for more than 10% of net revenue: |
|
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
United States | | | 94 | % | | | 66 | % |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | | | ** | | | | 27 | % |
|
|
** Less than 10% |
|
LookSmart derives its revenue from two service offerings, or “products”: Advertiser Networks and Publisher Solutions. The percentage distributions between the two service offerings are as follows: |
|
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Advertiser Networks | | | 95 | % | | | 87 | % |
Publisher Solutions | | | 5 | % | | | 13 | % |
|
The following table reflects the percentage of revenue attributed to customers who accounted for more than 10% of net revenue, all of which are Intermediaries: |
|
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Company 1 | | | 13 | % | | | ** | |
Company 2 | | | 11 | % | | | ** | |
Company 3 | | | ** | | | | 19 | % |
|
|
** Less than 10% |
|
The Company derives its revenue primarily from its relationships with significant distribution network partners. The following table reflects the distribution partners that accounted for more than 10% of total TAC: |
|
| | Three Months Ended March 31, | |
| | 2014 | | | 2013 | |
Distribution Partner 1 | | | 20 | % | | | 35 | % |
Distribution Partner 2 | | | 14 | % | | | ** | |
Distribution Partner 3 | | | 10 | % | | | ** | |
Distribution Partner 4 | | | ** | | | | 11 | % |
Distribution Partner 5 | | | ** | | | | 14 | % |
|
|
** Less than 10% |
| | | | | | | | |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Property and Equipment |
|
Property and equipment are stated at cost, except when an impairment analysis requires the use of fair value, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows: |
|
Computer equipment | | 3 to 4 years | | | | | | |
Furniture and fixtures | | 5 to 7 years | | | | | | |
Software | | 2 to 3 years | | | | | | |
Building | | 39 years | | | | | | |
|
Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or the lease term. |
|
When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from their respective accounts, and any gain or loss on such sale or disposal is reflected in operating expenses. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures that substantially increase an asset’s useful life are capitalized. |
|
In the fourth quarter of 2013, the Company acquired a 10,000 square foot Data Center facility in Phoenix, Arizona. This facility has allowed the Company to consolidate its data needs in a company-owned Data Center, and should allow for the expansion of its cloud-based offerings to its customers. |
| | | | | | | | |
Internal Use Software, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Internal-Use Software Development Costs |
|
The Company capitalizes external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing and obtaining internal-use computer software and the payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with and who devote time to developing the internal-use computer software. These costs are capitalized after certain milestones have been achieved and generally amortized over a three-year period once the project is placed in service. |
|
Management exercises judgment in determining when costs related to a project may be capitalized, in assessing the ongoing value of the capitalized costs, and in determining the amortization period for the capitalized costs, which is generally three years. The Company expects to continue to invest in internally developed software and to capitalize such costs in the future, although no such costs were capitalized in the three months ended March 31, 2014. |
| | | | | | | | |
Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities or Restructurings, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Restructuring Charges |
|
In August 2012, the Company entered into an agreement to sublease its office space in San Francisco under terms generally equivalent to its existing commitment. Restructuring costs associated with the sub-lease of the San Francisco space, totaling $0.06 million and $0.1 million, respectively, at March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, are being amortized over the remaining term of the underlying lease. |
| | | | | | | | |
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
|
The Company reviews long-lived assets held or used in operations, including property and equipment and internally developed software, for impairment in accordance with ASC 360-10 “Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. |
|
The Company reviews assets for evidence of impairment annually at year-end and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying values may not be recoverable. The impairment review requires the Company to make significant estimates about its future performance and cash flows, as well as other assumptions. These estimates can be affected by numerous factors, including changes in economic, industry or market conditions, changes in business operations and changes in competition. |
| | | | | | | | |
Cost of Sales, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Traffic Acquisition Costs (“TAC”) |
|
The Company enters into agreements of varying durations with its distribution network partners that display the Company’s listings ads on their sites in return for a percentage of the revenue-per-click that the Company receives when the ads are clicked on those partners’ sites. |
|
The Company also enters into agreements of varying durations with third party affiliates. These affiliate agreements provide for variable payments based on a percentage of the Company’s revenue or based on a certain metric, such as number of searches or paid clicks. |
|
TAC expense is recorded in cost of revenue. |
| | | | | | | | |
Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Share-Based Compensation |
|
The Company recognizes share-based compensation costs for all share-based payment transactions with employees, including grants of employee stock options, restricted stock awards, and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan, over the requisite service period based on their relative fair values. We estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Our assumptions about stock-price volatility are based on the actual volatility of our publicly traded stock. The risk-free interest rate for periods within the contractual life of the award is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. We estimate the expected term based upon the historical exercise activity. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations over the requisite service periods. Share-based compensation expense, related to stock option grants and employee stock purchases, recognized for both the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013 were not significant. |
|
Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant in order to estimate the amount of share-based awards that will ultimately vest. The forfeiture rate is determined at the end of each fiscal quarter, based on historical rates. |
|
The Company elected to adopt the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of share-based compensation to establish the beginning balance of the additional paid-in capital pool (“APIC pool”) related to the tax effects of employee share-based compensation, and to determine the subsequent impact on the APIC pool and Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows of the tax effects of employee share-based compensation awards. |
| | | | | | | | |
Advertising Costs, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Advertising Costs |
|
Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expenses as incurred and were insignificant in both the three months ended March 31, 2014 and 2013. |
| | | | | | | | |
Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Product Development Costs |
|
Research of new product ideas and enhancements to existing products are charged to expense as incurred. |
| | | | | | | | |
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Income Taxes |
|
The Company accounts for income taxes using the liability method. Under the liability method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company records liabilities, where appropriate, for all uncertain income tax positions. The Company recognizes potential accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within operations as income tax expense. |
| | | | | | | | |
Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Comprehensive Loss |
|
Other comprehensive loss as of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, consists of unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as available-for-sale and foreign currency translation adjustments. |
| | | | | | | | |
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Net Loss per Common Share |
|
Basic net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding, excluding treasury stock. Diluted net loss per share is calculated using the weighted average number of common and potentially dilutive common shares outstanding, excluding treasury stock, during the period, using the treasury stock method for stock options. As a result of the Company’s net loss position at both March 31, 2014 and 2013, there is no dilution. |
| | | | | | | | |
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Segment Information |
|
The Company has one operating segment, online advertising. While the Company operates under one operating segment, management reviews revenue under two product offerings—Advertiser Networks and Publisher Solutions. |
|
As of March 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company’s accounts receivable and deferred revenue are primarily related to the online advertising segment. All long-lived assets are located in the United States and Canada. |
| | | | | | | | |
Adoption Of New Accounting Standards Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Adoption of New Accounting Standards |
|
On January 1, 2013, we adopted guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2012-02, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other: Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment”, which amends the indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment guidance, providing an option for companies to use a qualitative approach to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment if certain conditions are met. Adoption of this new guidance had no impact on our financial statements. |
|
On January 1, 2013, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB, ASU 2012-04, “Technical Corrections and Improvements”, which clarifies or corrects unintended application of guidance and includes amendments identifying when the use of fair value should be linked to the definition of fair value in Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurement”. Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements. |
|
On January 1, 2013, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB, ASU 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income – Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income”, which requires companies to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. Adoption of this new guidance did not have a material impact on our financial statements. |
|
On January 1, 2013, we adopted guidance issued by the FASB, ASU 2013-05, “Foreign Currency Matters – Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity”, on releasing Cumulative Translation Adjustments when a reporting entity (parent) ceases to have a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets. Adoption of this new guidance had no impact on our financial statements. |
|
On January 2, 2014 we adopted guidance issued by the FASB, ASU 2013-04, “Liabilities – Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for Which the Total Amount of the Obligation is Fixed at the Reporting Date”, an amendment providing guidance for the recognition, measurement, and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint and several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation is fixed at the reporting date. Adoption of this new guidance had no impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. |
| | | | | | | | |
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | ' |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
|
In December 2011, the FASB issued an amendment to an existing accounting standard which indefinitely defers the requirement to present components of reclassifications of other comprehensive income on the face of the income statement. |
| | | | | | | | |