| Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Organization and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of: Remedent N.V. (incorporated in Belgium) located in Ghent, Belgium, Remedent Professional, Inc. and Remedent Professional Holdings, Inc. (both incorporated in California and inactive), Glamtech-USA, Inc. (a Delaware corporation acquired effective August 24, 2008), Condor North America LLC, a Nevada corporation, Remedent N.V.’s 50% owned subsidiary, Biotech Dental Benelux N.V., a Belgium private company located in Ghent, Remedent N.V.’s 51% owned subsidiary, GlamSmile Deutschland GmbH, a German private company located in Munich (effective March 31, 2014 this subsidiary is inactive), Remedent N.V.’s 80% owned subsidiary, GlamSmile Rome, an Italian private company located in Rome (effective March 31, 2014 this subsidiary is inactive) Remedent N.V. owns 21.51 % of Glamsmile Dental Technology Ltd., a Cayman Islands company (“Glamsmile Dental”). The subsidiaries of Glamsmile Dental include: Glamsmile (Asia) Limited, a company organized and existing under the laws of Hong Kong, Beijing Glamsmile Technology Development Ltd., a 100% owned subsidiary or GlamSmile Asia, its 80% owned subsidiary Beijing Glamsmile Trading Co., Ltd. and its 98% owned subsidiary Beijing Glamsmile Dental Clinic Co., Ltd., including its 100% owned Shanghai Glamsmile Dental Clinic Co., Ltd., its 100% owned Guangzhou Dental Clinic Co., Ltd. and its 50% owned Whenzhou GlamSmile Dental Clinic Ltd., which are accounted for using the equity method after January 31, 2012 (see Note 3 – Long-term Investment) Remedent, Inc. is a holding company with headquarters in Ghent, Belgium. Remedent Professional, Inc. and Remedent Professional Holdings, Inc. have been dormant since inception. For all periods presented, all significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated financial statements and corporate administrative costs are not allocated to subsidiaries. Pervasiveness of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue, bad debts, inventories, fixed assets, intangible assets, stock based compensation, income taxes, and contingencies. Estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that the Company believes reasonable in the circumstances. The results form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue from product sales when persuasive evidence of a sale exists: that is, a product is shipped under an agreement with a customer; risk of loss and title has passed to the customer; the fee is fixed or determinable; and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. Sales allowances are estimated based upon historical experience of sales returns. Revenues from product sales are recognized when the product is shipped and title and risk of loss has passed to the customer, typically upon delivery and when the quantity and price is fixed and determinable, and when collectability is reasonable assured. Upfront fees are recognized upon the date of the agreement (i.e. point of sale) because they relate solely to the sale of territories (that are sold in perpetuity), are non-refundable, and are not contingent upon additional deliverables. We have evaluated all deliverables in our contracts (per ASC 605-25-5) ((a) territory & (b) manufacturing/marketing training & development fees) and determined that they are separate, as follows: · Both (a) & (b) have value to our customers on a standalone basis and can be sold by our customers separately. · Delivery or performance of the undelivered item or items is considered probable and substantially in our control. Our development fees/milestone payments are recognized in accordance with the Milestone Method pursuant to FASB ASC 605. Revenues from milestones related to an arrangement under which we have continuing performance obligations i.e. specifically scheduled training and development activities, if deemed substantive, are recognized as revenue upon achievement of the milestone. Milestones are considered substantive if all of the following conditions are met: (a) the milestone is non-refundable; (b) achievement of the milestone was not reasonably assured at the inception of the arrangement; (c) substantive effort is involved to achieve the milestone; and (d) the amount of the milestone appears reasonable in relation to the effort expended. If any of these conditions is not met, the milestone payment is deferred and recognized as revenue as we complete our performance obligations. We receive royalty revenues under license agreements with third parties that sell products based on technology developed by us or to which we have rights. The license agreements provide for the payment of royalties to us based on sales of the licensed product. We record these revenues as earned monthly, based on reports from our licensees. Shipping and Handling Shipping and handling costs are included as a component of cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in sales. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist primarily of patents and property and equipment. The recoverability of long-lived assets is evaluated by an analysis of operating results and consideration of other significant events or changes in the business environment. If impairment exists, the carrying amount of the long-lived assets is reduced to its estimated fair value, less any costs associated with the final settlement. To date, management has not identified any impairment of property and equipment. There can be no assurance, however, that market conditions or demands for the Company’s services will not change which could result in future long-lived asset impairment. There were no impairment charges during the periods presented. Business Combinations On April 1, 2010, the Company adopted the new accounting guidance for business combinations according to FASB Codification ASC 805, Business Combinations . This guidance establishes principles and requirements for the reporting entity in a business combination, including recognition and measurement in the financial statements of the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, goodwill, and any non-controlling interest in the acquire, as well as disclosure requirements to enable financial statement users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Additionally, it provides guidance for identifying a business combination, measuring the acquisition date, and defining the measurement period for adjusting provisional amounts recorded. The implementation of this standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash or cash equivalents. Non-Controlling Interest The Company adopted ASC Topic 810 Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements — an Amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 as of April 1, 2009. SFAS 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest, changes in a parent’s ownership interest and the valuation of retained non-controlling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. ASC Topic 810 also establishes reporting requirements that provide sufficient disclosures that clearly identify and distinguish between the interest of the parent and the interests of the non-controlling owner. The adoption of ASC Topic 810 impacted the presentation of our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The Company applies the provisions of accounting guidance, FASB Topic ASC 820 that requires all entities to disclose the fair value of financial instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not recognized on the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value, and defines fair value of a financial instrument as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, equity investments, accounts payable andaccrued liabilities. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their respective fair values because of the short maturities of those instruments. The Company’s investment in Condor Technologies (formerly MFI) is accounted for as a financial instrument with a readily determinable fair value and is initially measured at fair value with all subsequent gains and losses recorded in income.The Company adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. ASC 820 clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date. Level 2 – Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other then quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 3 – Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information. The availability of inputs observable in the market varies from instrument to instrument and depends on a variety of factors including the type of instrument, whether the instrument is actively traded, and other characteristics particular to the transaction. For many financial instruments, pricing inputs are readily observable in the market, the valuation methodology used is widely accepted by market participants, and the valuation does not require significant management discretion. For other financial instruments, pricing inputs are less observable in the market and may require management judgment. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts The Company sells professional dental equipment to various companies, primarily to distributors located in Western Europe, Middle East, the United States of America, Asia and China. The terms of sales vary by customer, however, generally are 2% 10 days, net 30 days. Accounts receivable is reported at net realizable value and net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company uses the allowance method to account for uncollectible accounts receivable. The Company’s estimate is based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. Inventories The Company purchases certain of its products in components that require assembly prior to shipment to customers. All other products are purchased as finished goods ready to ship to customers. The Company writes down inventories for estimated obsolescence to estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. If actual market conditions are less favorable than those projected, then additional inventory write-downs may be required. Inventory reserves for obsolescence totaled $597,433 at March 31, 2019 and $658,545 at March 31, 2018. Prepaid Expense The Company’s prepaid expense consists of prepayments to suppliers for inventory purchases and to the Belgium customs department, to obtain an exemption of direct VAT payments for imported goods out of the European Union (“EU”). This prepayment serves as a guarantee to obtain the facility to pay VAT at the moment of sale and not at the moment of importing goods at the border. Prepaid expenses also include VAT payments made for goods and services in excess of VAT payments received from the sale of products as well as amounts for other prepaid operating expenses. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Major renewals and improvements are charged to the asset accounts while replacements, maintenance and repairs, which do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets, are expensed. At the time property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the asset and related accumulated depreciation accounts are relieved of the applicable amounts. Gains or losses from retirements or sales are credited or charged to income. The Company depreciates its property and equipment for financial reporting purposes using the straight-line method based upon the following useful lives of the assets: Tooling 3 years Furniture and fixtures 4 years Machinery and Equipment 4 years Patents Patents consist of the costs incurred to purchase patent rights and are reported net of accumulated amortization. Patents are amortized using the straight-line method over a period based on their contractual lives. Research and Development Costs The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Advertising Costs incurred for producing and communicating advertising are expensed when incurred and included in sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses. For the years ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, advertising expense was $138,747 and $218,663, respectively. Income taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method as stipulated by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Under ASC 740, the effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities or a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced to estimated amounts to be realized by the use of a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is applied when in management’s view it is more likely than not (50%) that such deferred tax will not be utilized. Effective February 1, 2008, the Company adopted certain provisions under ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, (“ASC 740”), which provide interpretative guidance for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Effective with the Company’s adoption of these provisions, interest related to the unrecognized tax benefits is recognized in the financial statements as a component of income taxes. The adoption of ASC 740 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position and results of operations. In the unlikely event that an uncertain tax position exists in which the Company could incur income taxes, the Company would evaluate whether there is a probability that the uncertain tax position taken would be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities. Reserves for uncertain tax position would then be recorded if the Company determined it is probable that a position would not be sustained upon examination or if a payment would have to be made to a taxing authority and the amount is reasonably estimable. As of March 31, 2019, the Company does not believe it has any uncertain tax positions that would result in the Company having a liability to the taxing authorities. Warranties The Company typically warrants its products against defects in material and workmanship for a period of 24 months from shipment. A tabular reconciliation of the Company’s aggregate product warranty liability for the reporting period is as follows: Year ended March 31, 2019 Year ended March 31, 2018 Product warranty liability: Opening balance $ 6,164 $ 5,333 Accruals for product warranties issued in the period — 831 Adjustments to liabilities for pre-existing warranties (545 ) — Ending liability $ 5,619 $ 6,164 Based upon historical trends and warranties provided by the Company’s suppliers and sub-contractors, the Company has made a provision for warranty costs of $5,619 and $6,164 as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, respectively. Segment Reporting “Disclosure About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. The Company’s management considers its business to comprise one segment for reporting purposes. Computation of Earnings (Loss) per Share Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Net income (loss) per common share attributable to common stockholders assuming dilution is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued. On April 1, 2009, the Company adopted changes issued by the FASB to the calculation of earnings per share. These changes state that unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method for all periods presented. The adoption of this change had no impact on the Company’s basic or diluted net loss per share because the Company has never issued any share-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights. At each of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had 19,995,969, shares of common stock issued and outstanding. At March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not have any warrants outstanding, but had Nil and 787,500 options outstanding, respectively. Pursuant to ASC 260-10-50-1(c), if a fully diluted share calculation was computed for the years ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 respectively, it would have excluded all options respectively since the Company’s average share trading price during the last two year period was less than the exercise price of all options. Conversion of Foreign Currencies The reporting and functional currency for the consolidated financial statements of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The home currency for the Company’s European subsidiaries, Remedent N.V., Biotech Dental Benelux N.V. GlamSmile Rome and GlamSmile Deutschland GmbH, is the Euro, for Glamsmile Asia Ltd., and its subsidiaries, the Hong Kong dollar and the Chinese Renmimbi (“RMB”) for Mainland China. The assets and liabilities of companies whose functional currency is other that the U.S. dollar are included in the consolidation by translating the assets and liabilities at the exchange rates applicable at the end of the reporting period. The statements of income of such companies are translated at the average exchange rates during the applicable period. Translation gains or losses are accumulated as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) includes all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners, including accumulated foreign currency translation, and unrealized gains or losses on ‘Available For Sale (AFS)’ securities. Stock Based Compensation The Company had a stock-based compensation plan which is described more fully in Note 12. The Company measures the compensation cost of stock options and other stock-based awards to employees and directors at fair value at the grant date and recognizes compensation expense over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. Except for transactions with employees and directors, all transactions in which goods or services are the consideration received for the issuance of equity instruments are accounted for based on the fair value of the consideration received or the fair value of the equity instruments issued, whichever is more reliably measurable. Additionally, the Company has determined that the dates used to value the transaction are either: (1) The date at which a commitment for performance by the counter party to earn the equity instruments is established; or (2) The date at which the counter party’s performance is complete. Risk Management The Company’s credit risk is primarily attributable to its accounts receivable. The amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets are net of allowances for doubtful accounts, estimated by the Company’s management based on prior experience and the current economic environment. The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-payment by customers. Credit exposure is minimized by dealing with only credit worthy counterparties. Accounts receivable for the Company’s five primary customers totaled $92,409 or 23.59% at March 31, 2019 (March 31, 2018 - $1,052,534 or 78.12%). The credit risk on cash and cash equivalents is limited because the Company limits its exposure to credit loss by placing its cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. The Company has not experienced any material losses in such accounts. The Company is exposed to foreign exchange and interest rate risk to the extent that market value rate fluctuations materially differ from financial assets and liabilities, subject to fixed long-term rates. In order to manage its exposure to foreign exchange risks, the Company is closely monitoring the fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rates and the impact on the value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations. Equity Method Investment The Company accounts for investments using the equity method of accounting if the investment provides the Company the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company’s ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee ranges between 20% and 50%, although other factors, such as representation on the investee’s board of directors, are considered in determining whether the equity method of accounting is appropriate. Under the equity method of accounting, the investment is recorded at cost in the consolidated balance sheets under other assets and adjusted for dividends received and the Company’s share of the investee’s earnings or losses together with other-than-temporary impairments which are recorded through interest and other loss, net in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. New Accounting Pronouncements Adoption of new accounting principles In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “ Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” that seeks to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers that improve comparability within industries, across industries and across capital markets. Under this standard, an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. Enhanced disclosure requirements regarding the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and related cash flows exist. To assist entities in applying the standard, a five step model for recognizing and measuring revenue from contracts with customers has been introduced. Entities have the option to apply the new guidance retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented (full retrospective approach) or retrospectively with a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings for initial application of the guidance at the date of initial adoption (modified retrospective method). On July 9, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, deferring the effective date by one year to annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, which clarifies the “identifying performance obligations and licensing implementations guidance” aspects of Topic 606. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-11, which amends and or rescinds certain aspects of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) to reflect the requirements under Topic 606. Additionally, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-12, which clarifies the criteria for assessing collectibility, permits an entity to elect an accounting policy to exclude from the transaction price amounts collected from customers for all sales taxes, and provides a practical expedient that permits an entity to reflect the aggregate effect of all contract modifications that occur before the beginning of the earliest period presented in accordance with Topic 606. In December 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-20, which clarifies several additional aspects of Topic 606 including contract modifications and performance obligations. The Company adopted the above accounting standards on April 1, 2018 under the modified retrospective method and the adoption had no material effect on the consolidated financial statements. On April 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10) Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which changes the income statement impact of equity investments held by an entity. The amendments require the unrealized gains or unrealized losses of equity instruments measured at fair value to be recognized in net income. As a result of our adoption of this ASU we are no longer recognizing unrealized holding gains on losses on equity securities previously classified as available for sale in other comprehensive income. . Further, as required under this ASU we have recorded a transition date adjustment to our opening balance sheet as at April 1, 2018 to recognize the cumulative-effect of the adoption of ASU 2016-01 by reclassifying $178,361 in unrealized income from other comprehensive income to deficit. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “ Leases ” (Topic 842). The FASB issued this update to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The updated guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the standard is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this guidance on our consolidated financial statements, however, we do not expect the adoption will have a material increase in the assets and liabilities of our consolidated balance sheet. The Company has reviewed other recent accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to the business, or that no material effect is expected on the consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption. |
