SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 - SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Goldbase and Patriot Canada. Collectively, they are referred to herein as “the Company”. Inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Management’s Estimates and Assumptions The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management believes that all applicable estimates and adjustments are appropriate. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Going Concern Management believes they will have sufficient funds to support their business based on the following: (a) revenues derived from the Moss royalty, given the Moss mine is now in production; (b) the Company's marketable securities are relatively liquid; (c) the Company believes it can raise additional funds if needed to support our business plan, although there can be no assurance that the Company can raise any additional funds, or if it can, that such funds will be on terms acceptable to the Company. Exploration and Development Costs Mineral exploration costs and payments related to the acquisition of the mineral rights are expensed as incurred. When it has been determined that a mineral property can be economically developed as a result of establishing proven and probable reserves, the costs incurred to acquire and develop such property will be capitalized. Such costs will be amortized using the units-of-production method over the estimated life of the probable reserve. No costs have been capitalized through May 31, 2019. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all investment instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents to the extent the funds are not being held for investment purposes. The Company has no cash equivalents as of May 31, 2019 and 2018. Marketable Securities Investment securities are classified in one of three categories: held to maturity, available for sale, or trading. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase. Investment securities are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold the securities to maturity. As of May 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has no investments in held to maturity securities. Investment securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Investment securities that are not considered to be held to maturity or trading are classified as available for sale. This type of investment is stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, reported in a separate component of shareholders' equity (“accumulated other comprehensive income”). Gains and losses from sales of investments classified as available for sale are determined using the specific identification method. As of May 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has no investments classified as available for sale. The Company’s short-term marketable securities classified as trading securities are comprised of Northern Vertex Mining Corp. and Strata Power Corporation (“Strata”) stock. The Company acquired the Northern Vertex stock on May 26, 2016 as part of the Moss Property sale. The Company purchased Strata common stock through multiple private placement offerings during the year ended May 31, 2018 as an investment in lithium mining extraction technologies. Reclamation Deposits Various mining laws and permits require that financial assurances be in place for certain environmental and reclamation obligations. Accordingly, the Company pays cash bonds to the Bureau of Land Management (“BLM”) upon acquisition of mining rights for estimated potential reclamation obligations. Any residual funds after reclamation obligations have been paid, are refunded to the Company. Upon payment of a cash bond, the Company recognizes a reclamation deposit as a long-term asset on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of May 31, 2019, and 2018, there were no reclamation deposits recorded. Foreign Currency Translation The Company’s functional currency and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Monetary items denominated in foreign currency are translated to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date and non-monetary items are translated at rates in effect when the assets were acquired, or obligations incurred. Revenue and expenses are translated at rates in effect at the time of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses are included in the consolidated statements of operations. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company has no off-balance-sheet concentrations of credit risk such as foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. The Company maintains the majority of its cash balances with two financial institutions in the form of demand deposits. Income/Loss per Share Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares plus dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. As of May 31, 2019, and 2018, all of the outstanding stock options and warrants were excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact on the Company’s loss from continuing operations. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting shareholders’ equity that, under generally accepted accounting principles, are excluded from net income. For the Company, such items consist primarily of foreign currency translation gains and losses. Accumulated other comprehensive income at May 31, 2019 and 2018, consists of foreign currency adjustments related to the Company changing its functional currency from Canadian to U.S. dollar in 2003. Stock Options The Company measures all employee stock-based compensation awards using a fair value method on the date of grant and recognizes such expense in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite service period. The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation awards on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires management to make assumptions regarding option lives, expected volatility, and risk-free interest rates. The Company accounts for non-employee stock-based awards in accordance with the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): The Company uses the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of stock-based compensation awards. The Black-Scholes pricing model requires management to make assumptions regarding option lives, expected volatility, and risk-free interest rates. Stock-based Compensation We account for equity-based transactions with nonemployees awards in accordance with the Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): We account for employee stock-based compensation in accordance with the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, The Company has granted Restricted Common Stock, where the Restricted Common Stock is restricted for a period of three years following the date of grant. During the three-year period the recipient may not sell or otherwise dispose of the shares. The Company has applied a discount for illiquidity to the price of the Company’s stock when determining the amount of expense to be recorded for the Restricted Common Stock issuance. The discount for illiquidity for the Restricted Common Stock was estimated on the date of grant by taking the average close price of the freely traded common shares for the period in which the services were provided, and applying an illiquidity discount of 10% for each multiple that the total Restricted Common Stock is of the average daily volume for the period, to a maximum of 50%. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, including prepaids, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, at May 31, 2019 and 2018 approximates their fair values due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Management is of the opinion that the Company is not exposed to significant interest or credit risks arising from these financial instruments. The Company carries other company’s equity instruments at fair value as required by U.S. GAAP, which are valued using level 1 inputs under the fair value hierarchy. In general, investments with original maturities of greater than 90 days and remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with maturities beyond one year may also be classified as short-term based on their highly liquid nature and can be sold to fund current operations. Fair Value Hierarchy Fair value is defined within the accounting rules as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The rules established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. As presented in the tables below, this hierarchy consists of three broad levels: Level 1 Level 2. Level 3 Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Fair Value Measurement at Fair Value Measurement at May 31, 2019 May 31, 2018 Using Total Using Total Assets: Marketable securities $ 112,272 $ 112,272 $ 333,620 $ 333,620 Transactions measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Fair Value Measurement at Fair Value Measurement at May 31, 2019 May 31, 2018 Using Total Using Total Issuance of restricted shares $ 314,060 $ 314,060 $ 101,250 $ 101,250 Related Party Transactions A related party is generally defined as (i) any person who holds 10% or more of the Company’s securities and their immediate families, (ii) the Company’s management, (iii) an entity or person who directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company, or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. Income Taxes The Company follow ASC 740-10-30, which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are based on the differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the fiscal year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent management concludes it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the fiscal years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Statements of Income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company adopted ASC 740-10-25 (“ASC 740-10-25”) with regard to uncertainty of income tax positions. ASC 740-10-25 addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740-10-25, we may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740-10-25 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, and accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. We had no material adjustments to our liabilities for unrecognized income tax benefits according to the provisions of ASC 740-10-25. New Accounting Pronouncements On June 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers 1. I dentify the contract with the customer. The contract with Golden Vertex is documented in the Purchase and Sale Agreement dated 5/12/16 and the Royalty Deed dated 5/25/16. 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract. The performance obligation in the contract required Patriot to relinquish its 30% interest in the Moss gold/silver mine. The Company conveyed all of its right, title and interest in those certain patented and unpatented lode mining claims situated in the Oatman Mining District, Mohave County, Arizona together with all extralateral and other associated rights, water rights, tenements, hereditaments and appurtenances belonging or appertaining thereto, and all rights-of-way, easements, rights of access and ingress to and egress from the claims appurtenant thereto, and in which the Company had any interest. 3. Determine the transaction price. The transaction price was C$1,500,000 plus 3% of the Net Smelter Returns on the future production of the Moss mine. See Note 3 for definition of Net Smelter Returns. 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract. The Company only has one performance obligation, the transfer of the rights to the Moss mine, which has already been fulfilled. 5. Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. The C$1,500,000 was recognized as a sale of the mining rights in 2016, resulting in a gain from the disposition of the property. The 3% net smelter returns royalty will be recognized as revenue in the period that Golden Vertex produces and sells minerals from the Moss mine, which began in March 2018. The royalties that have been received to date have been highly variable, as the amounts are dependent upon the monthly production, the demand of the buyers, the spot price of gold and silver, the costs associated with refining and transporting the product, etc. As such, management has determined that the revenue recognition shall be treated as variable consideration as defined in ASC 606. Variable consideration should only be recognized to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Given the fact that royalties to date have been highly variable with a great degree of uncertainty, and any attempts to estimate future revenue would likely result in a significant reversal of revenue, royalty revenue will be recognized when payments and settlement statements are received from Golden Vertex, in the period for which the sales were made by Golden Vertex. It is at that time that any uncertainty related to royalty payments is resolved. The Company applied ASC 606 using the modified retrospective method applied to contracts not yet completed as of the date of adoption and resulted in the recognition of $46,504 during the year ended May 31, 2018. On June 20, 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09 which clarifies when changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is only required if the fair value, vesting conditions or classification (equity or liability) of the new award are different from the original award immediately before the original award is modified. The standard is effective for the Company on June 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance must be applied prospectively to awards modified on or after the adoption date. The future impact of ASU 2017-09 will be dependent on the nature of future stock award modifications, however no significant impact is expected. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The pronouncement revises the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and the timing of when such losses are recorded. The guidance is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of this guidance on it consolidated financial statements. The Company has implemented all new accounting pronouncements that are in effect. These pronouncements did not have any material impact on the financial statements unless otherwise disclosed, and the Company does not believe that there are any other new accounting pronouncements that have been issued that might have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. |