Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements ASC 820 established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy categorizes the inputs into three levels with the highest priority given to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority given to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 - Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments such as exchange-traded derivatives and listed equities. Equity securities that are also classified as cash equivalents are considered Level 1 if there are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 - Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. Instruments in this category include non-exchange-traded derivatives such as over-the-counter forwards and options. Level 3 - Pricing inputs include significant inputs that have little or no observability as of the reporting date. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management's best estimate of fair value. Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety in the appropriate fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the valuation of fair value assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. The Company primarily determines fair value measurements classified as Level 2 or Level 3 using a combination of the income and market valuation approaches. The process of determining the fair values is the responsibility of the derivative accounting department which reports to the Controller and Principal Accounting Officer. Inputs used to estimate the fair value of forwards, swaps and options include market-price curves, contract terms and prices, credit-risk adjustments, and discount factors. Additionally, for options, the Black-Scholes option valuation model and implied market volatility curves are used. Inputs used to estimate fair value in industry-standard models are categorized as Level 2 inputs as substantially all assumptions and inputs are observable in active markets throughout the full term of the instruments. On a daily basis, the Company obtains quoted forward prices for the electric and natural gas markets from an independent external pricing service. The Company considers its electric and natural gas contracts as Level 2 derivative instruments as such contracts are commonly traded as over-the-counter forwards with indirectly observable price quotes. However, certain energy derivative instruments with maturity dates falling outside the range of observable price quotes are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Management's assessment is based on the trading activity in real-time and forward electric and natural gas markets. Each quarter, the Company confirms the validity of pricing-service quoted prices used to value Level 2 commodity contracts with the actual prices of commodity contracts entered into during the most recent quarter. Assets and Liabilities with Estimated Fair Value The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and short-term debt as reported on the balance sheet are reasonable estimates of their fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments and are classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The carrying value of other investments totaling $51.5 million at both March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, are included in "Other property and investments" on the balance sheet. These values are also reasonable estimates of their fair value and classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as they are valued based on market rates for similar transactions. The fair value of the long-term notes was estimated using the discounted cash flow method with the U.S. Treasury yields and the Company's credit spreads as inputs, interpolating to the maturity date of each issue. The carrying values and estimated fair values were as follows: Puget Energy At March 31, 2020 At December 31, 2019 (Dollars in Thousands) Level Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Liabilities: Long-term debt (fixed-rate), net of discount 1 2 $ 5,515,318 $ 6,930,219 $ 5,512,225 $ 7,004,316 Long-term debt (variable-rate) 2 415,500 415,500 408,100 408,100 Total liabilities $ 5,930,818 $ 7,345,719 $ 5,920,325 $ 7,412,416 Puget Sound Energy At March 31, 2020 At December 31, 2019 (Dollars in Thousands) Level Carrying Fair Carrying Fair Liabilities: Long-term debt (fixed-rate), net of discount 2 2 $ 4,336,612 $ 5,563,257 $ 4,336,142 $ 5,571,818 Total liabilities $ 4,336,612 $ 5,563,257 $ 4,336,142 $ 5,571,818 _______________ 1 The carrying value includes debt issuances costs of $23.3 million and $24.1 million for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which are not included in fair value. 2 The carrying value includes debt issuances costs of $24.0 million and $24.4 million for March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which are not included in fair value. Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis The following table presents the Company's financial assets and liabilities by level, within the fair value hierarchy, that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis: Puget Energy and Fair Value Fair Value (Dollars in Thousands) Level 2 Level 3 Total Level 2 Level 3 Total Assets: Electric derivative instruments $ 10,525 $ 503 $ 11,028 $ 19,282 $ 651 $ 19,933 Natural gas derivative instruments 6,321 1,275 7,596 9,852 1,523 11,375 Total assets $ 16,846 $ 1,778 $ 18,624 $ 29,134 $ 2,174 $ 31,308 Liabilities: Electric derivative instruments $ 30,331 $ 26,809 $ 57,140 $ 13,474 $ 4,030 $ 17,504 Natural gas derivative instruments 13,892 183 14,075 8,376 241 8,617 Total liabilities $ 44,223 $ 26,992 $ 71,215 $ 21,850 $ 4,271 $ 26,121 The following table presents the Company's reconciliation of the changes in the fair value of Level 3 derivatives in the fair value hierarchy: Puget Energy and Three Months Ended (Dollars in Thousands) 2020 2019 Level 3 Roll-Forward Net Asset/(Liability) Electric Natural Gas Total Electric Natural Gas Total Balance at beginning of period $ (3,379) $ 1,282 $ (2,097) $ 1,362 $ 1,673 $ 3,035 Changes during period: Realized and unrealized energy derivatives: Included in earnings 1 (24,552) — (24,552) 12,325 — 12,325 Included in regulatory assets / liabilities — 323 323 — 1,897 1,897 Settlements 1,626 (513) 1,113 (13,483) (1,100) (14,583) Transferred into Level 3 — — — 4,391 (398) 3,993 Transferred out of Level 3 — — — 417 686 1,103 Balance at end of period $ (26,305) $ 1,092 $ (25,213) $ 5,012 $ 2,758 $ 7,770 _______________ 1. Income Statement locations: Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net. Amounts include unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives still held in position as of the reporting date for electric derivatives of zero and $3.1 million for three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 , respectively. Realized gains and losses on energy derivatives for Level 3 recurring items are included in energy costs in the Company's consolidated statements of income under purchased electricity, electric generation fuel or purchased natural gas when settled. Unrealized gains and losses on energy derivatives for Level 3 recurring items are included in net unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments in the Company's consolidated statements of income. The Company does not use internally developed models to make adjustments to significant unobservable pricing inputs. The only significant unobservable input into the fair value measurement of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities is the forward price for electric and natural gas contracts. The weighted average price is calculated as the total market value divided by the total volume of the Company's Level 3 electric and gas commodity contracts, respectively, as of the reporting date. The following table presents the forward price ranges for the Company's Level 3 commodity contracts as of March 31, 2020: Puget Energy and Fair Value Range (Dollars in Thousands) Assets 1 Liabilities 1 Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Low High Weighted Average Electric $ 503 $ 26,809 Discounted cash flow Power prices (per MWh) $ 6.00 $ 38.45 $ 29.59 Natural gas $ 1,275 $ 183 Discounted cash flow Natural gas prices (per MMBtu) $ 1.34 $ 2.78 $ 1.85 _______________ 1 The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for asset and liability positions. The following table presents the forward price ranges for the Company's Level 3 commodity contracts as of December 31, 2019: Puget Energy and Fair Value Range (Dollars in Thousands) Assets 1 Liabilities 1 Valuation Technique Unobservable Input Low High Weighted Average Electric $ 651 $ 4,030 Discounted cash flow Power prices (per MWh) $ 9.00 $ 43.85 $ 33.99 Natural gas $ 1,523 $ 241 Discounted cash flow Natural gas prices (per MMBtu) $ 1.25 $ 3.18 $ 2.47 ___________ 1 The valuation techniques, unobservable inputs and ranges are the same for asset and liability positions. The significant unobservable inputs listed above would have a direct impact on the fair values of the above instruments if they were adjusted. Consequently, significant increases or decreases in the forward prices of electricity or natural gas in isolation would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value for Level 3 assets and liabilities. Generally, interrelationships exist between market prices of natural gas and power. As such, an increase in natural gas pricing would potentially have a similar impact on forward power markets. As of March 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, a hypothetical 10.0% increase or decrease in market prices of natural gas and electricity would change the fair value of the Company's derivative portfolio, classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy, by $5.1 million and $2.5 million, respectively. Long-Lived Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Puget Energy records the fair value of its intangible assets in accordance with ASC 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” (ASC 360). The fair value assigned to the power contracts was determined using an income approach comparing the contract rate to the market rate for power over the remaining period of the contracts incorporating non-performance risk. Management also incorporated certain assumptions related to quantities and market presentation that it believes market participants would make in the valuation. The fair value of the power contracts is amortized as the contracts settle. ASC 360 requires long-lived assets to be tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. One such triggering event is a significant decrease in the forward market prices of power. As of March 31, 2020, Puget Energy completed valuation and impairment testing of its power purchase contracts classified as intangible assets. These intangible assets exist as a result of the merger in 2009, at which time the consolidated assets and liabilities were revalued in accordance with ASC 805, "Business Combinations". Differences between the fair market value and the carrying value of assets held as PSE were recorded at PE. The Rocky Reach contract was determined to be impaired due to a decrease in forward prices for this contract of 7.6% from December 31, 2019, causing an impairment of $52.6 million. While this impairment of the intangible asset held at PE is the result of a decline in forward prices and the corresponding valuation impact, the underlying power purchase contract is included within rates at PSE. The following table presents the impairment recorded to the Company's intangible asset contracts, with corresponding reductions to the regulatory liability: Puget Energy (Dollars in Thousands) Valuation Date Contract Name Carrying Value Fair Value Write Down March 31, 2020 Rocky Reach $ 147,168 $ 94,603 $ 52,565 The valuations were measured using a discounted cash flow, income-based valuation methodology. Significant inputs included forward electricity prices and power contract pricing which provided future net cash flow estimates classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy. The unobservable input averages disclosed below represent the arithmetic average of the inputs and are not weighted by volume. A less significant input is the discount rate reflective of a market participant's cost of capital used in the valuation. The following table presents the significant unobservable inputs used in estimating the impaired long-term power purchase contracts' fair value: Puget Energy Valuation Date Unobservable Input Low High Average March 31, 2020 Power prices (per MWh) $ 10.23 $ 29.05 $ 20.88 Power contract costs per quarter (in thousands) 6,308 7,085 6,468 December 31, 2019 Power prices (per MWh) $ 11.75 $ 31.44 $ 22.53 Power contract costs per quarter (in thousands) $ 6,237 $ 7,087 $ 6,421 |