Fair Value Measurements | NOTE 6 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS ASC 820-10 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the principal market that are independent, knowledgeable, and both able and willing to transact. ASC 820-10 requires the use of valuation techniques that are consistent with the market approach, the income approach, and/or the cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs may be observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from independent sources. Unobservable inputs reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. In that regard, ASC 820-10 establishes a fair value hierarchy for valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The fair value hierarchy is as follows: Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability; and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means. Level 3 – Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability for which there is little, if any, market activity at the measurement date. Unobservable inputs reflect the Corporation’s own assumptions about what market participants would use to price the asset or liability. The inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances, which might include the Corporation’s own financial data such as internally developed pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, as well as instruments for which the fair value determination requires significant management judgment. Financial assets (there were no financial liabilities) measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 include available-for-sale securities, which are valued using Level 2 inputs except for one security which is valued using Level 1 inputs and one other security which is valued using Level 3 inputs and mortgage servicing rights, amounting to $1,287,493 at June 30, 2015 and $1,217,931 December 31, 2014, which are valued using Level 3 inputs. Financial assets (there were no financial liabilities) measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 include other real estate owned, as well as impaired loans approximating $3.6 million at June 30, 2015 and $2.9 million at December 31, 2014 all of which are valued using Level 3 inputs. There were no financial instruments measured at fair value that moved to a lower level in the fair value hierarchy during the period ended June 30, 2015, due to the lack of observable quotes in inactive markets for those instruments at June 30, 2015. The Corporation did have one security that was moved from a Level 2 to Level 3 at December 31, 2014. The table below presents a reconciliation and income statement classification of gains and losses for mortgage servicing rights, which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3), for the six month period ended June 30, 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014: June 30, 2015 December 31, 2014 Mortgage Servicing Rights Balance at beginning of period $ $ Gains or losses, including realized and unrealized: Purchases, issuances, and settlements Disposals – amortization based on loan payments and payoffs Other changes in fair value Balance at end of period $ $ Securities valued using Level 3 inputs Balance at beginning of period $ $ Principal payments received Changes in Fair Value Balance at end of period $ $ A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, follows. In general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon models that primarily use, as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments may include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Corporation’s creditworthiness, among other things, as well as unobservable parameters. Any such valuation adjustments are applied consistently over time. The Corporation’s valuation methodologies may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. While management believes the Corporation’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. Securities Available-for-Sale Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities would typically include government bonds and exchange traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Examples of such instruments, which would generally be classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy, include U. S. Government and agencies, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The Corporation did have securities classified as Level 2 or Level 3 at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. There were no gains or losses relating to securities available-for-sale included in earnings before income taxes that were attributable to changes in fair values of securities held at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Impaired Loans The Corporation does not record impaired loans at fair value on a recurring basis. However, periodically, a loan is considered impaired and is reported at the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated cost to sell, if repayment is expected solely from collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 2 inputs, including recent appraisals and Level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria such as additional appraisal adjustments to consider deterioration of value subsequent to appraisal date and estimated cost to sell. Additional appraisal adjustments range between 15% and 70% of appraised value, and estimated selling cost ranges between 10% and 20% of the adjusted appraised value. Due to the significance of the Level 3 inputs, impaired loans fair values have been classified as Level 3. Mortgage Servicing Rights The Corporation records mortgage servicing rights at estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow model which includes discount rates between -1.50% and 1.3 4% , in addition to prepayment, internal rate of return, servicing costs, inflation rate of servicing costs and earnings rate assumptions that are considered to be unobservable inputs. Due to the significance of the Level 3 inputs, mortgage servicing rights have been classified as Level 3. Other Real Estate Owned The Corporation values other real estate owned at the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less appraisal adjustments between 10% and 70% of appraised value, and expected selling costs between 10% and 20% of adjusted appraised value. Such values are estimated primarily using appraisals and reflect a market value approach. Due to the significance of the Level 3 inputs, other real estate owned has been classified as Level 3. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 360-10, other real estate owned was written down to its estimated fair value of $583,000 , resulting in impairment charges of $228,000 , which are included in non-interest expenses for the six month period ended June 30, 2015. Certain other financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, for example, when there is evidence of impairment. Financial assets and financial liabilities, excluding impaired loans and other real estate owned, measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were not significant at June 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. |