MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") of financial results should be read in conjunction with the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 of Pengrowth Energy Corporation ("Pengrowth" or the "Corporation"). This MD&A is based on information available to August 7, 2019.
Pengrowth's second quarter and year to date 2019 results are contained within this MD&A. All amounts are stated in Canadian dollars unless otherwise specified.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| |
Overview of Pengrowth | |
Summary of Financial and Operating Results | |
Key Highlights | |
2019 Results vs. Guidance | |
Operating Netbacks | |
Commodity Prices | |
Financial Results | |
Financial Resources and Liquidity | |
Summary of Quarterly Results | |
Critical Accounting Estimates | |
Non-GAAP Financial Measures | |
Internal Control over Financial Reporting | |
Advisory Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | |
Glossary and Abbreviations | |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of securities laws, including the "safe harbour" provisions of Canadian securities legislation and the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Please see the Business Risks section for more information on factors that could cause actual results to differ materially as well as the Advisory Regarding Forward-Looking Statements for an expanded discussion on this topic.
COMPARATIVE FIGURES
Certain prior years' comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to presentation in the current year.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This MD&A refers to certain financial measures that are not determined in accordance with IFRS. These measures do not have standardized meanings and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other oil and gas companies. These metrics are trailing twelve months earnings before interest, taxes, depletion, depreciation, accretion ("EBITDA"), impairment, changes in other decommissioning liabilities, gain (loss) on disposition of properties, change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts, unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss), non-cash share based compensation expense, restructuring costs and EBITDA related to material divestments ("Adjusted EBITDA"); Adjusted EBITDA to Interest and Financing Charges ratio (the "Interest Coverage" ratio); Total debt before working capital to the trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA; Total debt before working capital as a percentage of total book capitalization ("Debt to Book Capitalization"); Adjusted net income (loss); Adjusted funds flow; Free funds flow; Produced petroleum revenue; Adjusted operating expenses; Royalty expenses as a percent of produced petroleum revenue; Operating netback before realized commodity risk management; and Cash G&A expenses. For more information please see the Non-GAAP Financial Measures section of the MD&A.
OVERVIEW OF PENGROWTH
Pengrowth is a conventional resource developer of Canadian oil and natural gas assets currently focused on growing bitumen production from the Lloydminster formation at the Lindbergh thermal oil project through steam assisted gravity drainage ("SAGD"). The project encompasses 32.5 sections of land with current production capacity of approximately 18,500 bbl/d of bitumen with regulatory approval for 40,000 bbl/d. As one of the southernmost SAGD projects in Alberta, Lindbergh has natural advantages in terms of location and oil quality that allows flexibility in accessing markets.
Pengrowth’s 100 percent owned Groundbirch property in the Montney fairway encompasses 19 sections of land. This project fulfills the Lindbergh project’s natural gas needs for steam generation. Relatively dry natural gas from the Montney formation is produced using horizontal wells and multi-stage frack technology with significant additional drilling locations noted in the December 31, 2018 Annual Information Form. The Corporation operates a 30 MMcf/d facility to process and deliver natural gas onto major pipelines that can also deliver natural gas to Lindbergh.
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 1 |
SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL AND OPERATING RESULTS
|
| | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per boe and per share amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | % Change | Jun 30, 2019 | Jun 30, 2018 | % Change |
PRODUCTION | | | | | | |
Average daily production (boe/d) | 22,707 | 22,600 | — | 22,736 | 21,079 | 8 |
FINANCIAL | | | | | |
|
Oil and gas sales | 144.4 | 147.4 | (2) | 272.7 | 273.8 | — |
Capital expenditures | 1.9 | 23.1 | (92) | 13.3 | 49.5 | (73) |
Cash proceeds from dispositions | (0.1) | 3.5 | (103) | 5.3 | 7.9 | (33) |
Interest and financing charges | 14.9 | 12.6 | 18 | 29.5 | 23.7 | 24 |
Cash flow from operating activities | 30.9 | 12.8 | 141 | 23.1 | 0.5 | 4,520 |
Adjusted funds flow (1) | 29.1 | 10.1 | 188 | 45.1 | 17.3 | 161 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding (000's) | 560,022 | 556,117 | 1 | 558,318 | 554,427 | 1 |
Adjusted funds flow per share (1) | 0.05 | 0.02 | 150 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 167 |
OPERATIONAL | | | | | | |
Produced petroleum revenue per boe (1) | 41.52 | 42.59 | (3) | 38.90 | 41.39 | (6) |
Operating expenses per boe | 8.32 | 9.34 | (11) | 8.63 | 9.93 | (13) |
Adjusted operating expenses per boe (1) | 9.24 | 10.11 | (9) | 9.89 | 10.25 | (4) |
Royalty expenses per boe | 3.63 | 3.99 | (9) | 3.18 | 3.43 | (7) |
Operating netback before realized commodity risk management per boe (1) | 25.70 | 25.82 | — | 22.84 | 25.01 | (9) |
Cash G&A expenses per boe (1) | 2.47 | 4.28 | (42) | 2.84 | 4.64 | (39) |
STATEMENT OF INCOME (LOSS) | | | | | |
|
Net income (loss) | (76.5) | (27.5) | 178 | (108.1) | (54.7) | 98 |
Net income (loss) per share | (0.14) | (0.05) | 180 | (0.19) | (0.10) | 90 |
DEBT | | |
| | |
|
Total debt before working capital (2) | $702.2 | $701.5 | — | $702.2 | $701.5 | — |
| |
(1) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(2) | Includes Credit Facility current and long term portions of secured term notes, as applicable, and bank indebtedness. Excludes letters of credit and finance leases. |
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 2 |
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
All volumes, wells and spending amounts stated below reflect Pengrowth’s net working interest for both operated and non-operated properties unless otherwise stated. The financial and operating results from divested properties are included in Pengrowth’s results up to the month-end nearest the date of closing for each disposition.
KEY HIGHLIGHTS
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Average production (boe/d) | 22,707 |
| 22,600 |
| 22,736 |
| 21,079 |
|
Capital expenditures | 1.9 |
| 23.1 |
| 13.3 |
| 49.5 |
|
Cash flow from operating activities | 30.9 |
| 12.8 |
| 23.1 |
| 0.5 |
|
Adjusted funds flow (1) | 29.1 |
| 10.1 |
| 45.1 |
| 17.3 |
|
Operating netback before realized commodity risk management ($/boe) (1) | 25.70 |
| 25.82 |
| 22.84 |
| 25.01 |
|
Adjusted net income (loss) (1) | (89.1 | ) | (22.9 | ) | (117.2 | ) | (39.5 | ) |
Net income (loss) | (76.5 | ) | (27.5 | ) | (108.1 | ) | (54.7 | ) |
Total debt before working capital (2) | 702.2 |
| 701.5 |
| 702.2 |
| 701.5 |
|
| |
(1) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(2) | Includes Credit Facility, current and long term portions of secured term notes, as applicable, and bank indebtedness. Excludes letters of credit and finance leases. |
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
Second quarter and year to date 2019 cash flow from operating activities increased $18.1 million and $22.6 million, respectively, compared to the same periods last year primarily due to lower realized losses on commodity risk management, increased bitumen production and lower cash G&A expenses partially offset by lower realized bitumen prices and higher spending on remediation.
Adjusted Funds Flow
Second quarter and year to date 2019 adjusted funds flow increased $19.0 million and $27.8 million, respectively, compared to the same periods last year primarily due to the impact of lower realized losses on commodity risk management, higher bitumen production and lower cash G&A expenses.
These favorable contributions to adjusted funds flow in both periods in 2019 were partially offset by lower realized bitumen prices due to the unfavourable impact of the WCS physical delivery fixed price differential contracts entered into in 2018, lower natural gas sales due to the absence of natural gas production from the Sable Offshore Energy Project ("SOEP") and higher interest and financing charges.
Net Income (Loss)
Pengrowth reported a net loss of $76.5 million in the second quarter of 2019 compared to a net loss of $27.5 million in the same period last year. The net loss increased primarily due to a $95.0 million impairment charge in the current quarter as a result of a significant decline in the forward natural gas benchmark prices. This was partially offset by the impact of lower realized losses on commodity risk management, higher bitumen production, lower cash G&A expenses and change in fair value of commodity risk management.
Year to date 2019 net loss increased to $108.1 million from a net loss of $54.7 million in 2018 mainly due to the $95.0 impairment charge, as noted above, and the absence of a deferred tax recovery of $12.1 million recorded in the prior year. These were partially offset by the impact of lower realized losses on commodity risk management, higher bitumen production, lower cash G&A expenses, change in fair value of commodity risk management and an unrealized foreign exchange gain recorded in 2019.
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
Second quarter and year to date 2019 adjusted net losses amounted to $89.1 million and $117.2 million, respectively, compared to adjusted net losses of $22.9 million and $39.5 million in the same periods last year. The increase in adjusted net losses were primarily due to the $95.0 impairment recorded in the second quarter of 2019, as noted above.
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 3 |
FUTURE OPERATIONS
On March 5, 2019, the Board of Directors commenced a formal process with Perella Weinberg Partners LP and their subsidiary Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. ("PWP/TPH") to explore and develop strategic alternatives (the “Strategic Review”) with a view to strengthening the Corporation's balance sheet, addressing upcoming debt maturities and maximizing enterprise value. The Strategic Review is intended to explore a comprehensive range of strategic and transaction alternatives, including a sale, merger or other business combination; a disposition of all or certain assets of the Corporation; recapitalization and refinancing opportunities including new debt or equity capital; and other alternatives to improve the Corporation's financial position and maximize value. In addition to Pengrowth’s long-life, low-decline assets, the Corporation also has potentially attractive tax attributes that complement its strong base operations. Pengrowth and its advisers expect to actively explore market interest in potential transactions and strategic initiatives with a range of interested parties and capital market participants. There can be no guarantees as to whether the Strategic Review will result in a transaction or the terms or timing of any resulting transaction. Various industry risk factors, including a prolonged or significant decrease in WTI or WCS pricing, could impact the outcome of the Strategic Review process, Pengrowth’s cash flow, and its ability to address its upcoming debt maturities.
Starting in 2018, and continuing into 2019, Pengrowth had and continues to have discussions with its banking syndicate regarding an amendment or extension of its secured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) in connection with Pengrowth’s efforts to address upcoming debt maturities, refinance the Corporation’s secured term notes, and improve the Corporation’s capital structure. On March 25, 2019 Pengrowth announced that it had reached arrangements for the extension of the March 31, 2019 maturity date under its $330 million Credit Facility through September 30, 2019, subject to certain terms. The Credit Facility is provided by a broad syndicate of domestic and international banks. The Corporation executed an extension agreement to the Credit Facility, supported by 100 percent of the lenders in the syndicate, providing for the extension of the maturity date under the Credit Facility to September 30, 2019, by way of an initial extension to July 29, 2019 and two subsequent extensions to August 29, 2019 and to September 30, 2019, respectively, each of which will automatically become effective unless lenders with at least two thirds of the total commitments under the Credit Facility provide notice to the Corporation that such automatic extension will not apply in advance of the automatic extension dates. The extension of the Credit Facility provides support to Pengrowth while it undertakes the previously announced Strategic Review to explore and develop strategic alternatives with a view to strengthening the Corporation's balance sheet, addressing upcoming debt maturities, and maximizing enterprise value.
Due to the uncertainty around improvements in global commodity prices and uncertainty around the terms and timing of any extension or refinancing arrangements in respect of Pengrowth’s debt portfolio, there remains a risk around Pengrowth's ability to address the upcoming maturities of the Credit Facility, certain secured term notes due October 2019 and May 2020, and to remain in compliance with certain covenants at the end of 2019.
As a result, there is significant uncertainty related to these events and conditions that raise substantial doubt about whether the Corporation will continue as a going concern, and therefore, whether it will realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements. However, management believes that the Corporation will be successful in addressing its capital structure including the amendment of debt covenants and upcoming debt maturities in a timely manner and, accordingly, has prepared the financial statements on a going concern basis.
Accordingly, no adjustments have been made to the financial statements relating to the recoverability and classification of the asset carrying amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that may be necessary should the consolidated entity not continue as a going concern.
Pengrowth continues to generate sufficient cash flow to meet its obligations including interest payments, capital spending and abandonment and remediation expenses.
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 4 |
2019 GUIDANCE
The following table provides a summary of full year 2019 Guidance and actual results for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
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| | | | |
| Actual YTD June 30, 2019 |
| 2019 Guidance (1) |
|
Average production (boe/d) | 22,736 |
| 22,500 - 23,500 |
|
Capital expenditures ($ millions) | 13.3 |
| 45 |
|
Royalty expenses (% of produced petroleum revenue) (2) (3) | 8.2 |
| 7.0 - 8.0 |
|
Adjusted operating expenses ($/boe) (2) | 9.89 |
| 9.25 - 10.00 |
|
Cash G&A expenses ($/boe) (2) | 2.84 |
| 2.50 - 2.75 |
|
| |
(1) | Per boe estimates based on high and low ends of production Guidance. |
| |
(2) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(3) | Excludes financial commodity risk management activities. |
Year to date 2019 daily production of 22,736 boe/d was within 2019 Guidance despite low capital spending and mandatory production curtailments under the Alberta Government’s mandatory production curtailment program.
Lindbergh full year production volumes are expected to average between 17,750 bbl/d to 18,250 bbl/d of bitumen in 2019 with total corporate oil-equivalent volumes expected to be between 22,500 boe/d to 23,500 boe/d.
Year to date 2019 actual royalty expenses as a percent of produced petroleum revenue were slightly above full year Guidance; however, Pengrowth anticipates royalty expense as a percent of produced petroleum revenue to fall within 2019 Guidance by the end of the year.
Year to date 2019 cash G&A expenses per boe were above full year 2019 Guidance due to compensation related expenses. Cash G&A expenses per boe decreased from $3.22/boe in the first quarter of 2019 to $2.47/boe in the second quarter of 2019. Pengrowth anticipates full year 2019 cash G&A expenses to reach 2019 Guidance as expenses in the second quarter of 2019 are more representative of future cost expectations.
2019 Capital Program
Pending the completion of the Strategic Review, 2019 capital spending is not expected to exceed $21 million. Pengrowth's 2019 Budget called for a capital spending plan of $45 million, with 76 percent or $34 million of this capital allocated to Lindbergh for continued production sustaining and maintenance activities, including drilling of three well pairs to utilize existing steam capacity. Pengrowth will continue to assess timing for commencement of the development program. The remaining $11 million of capital is related to maintenance and integrity activities to support the existing operations and for general corporate purposes.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Drilling, completions and facilities | | | |
| |
Lindbergh | — |
| 17.8 |
| 4.3 |
| 25.9 |
|
Groundbirch and conventional assets | 0.2 |
| 3.4 |
| 3.5 |
| 19.5 |
|
Maintenance and other development capital | 0.9 |
| 1.8 |
| 4.7 |
| 3.9 |
|
Development capital | 1.1 |
| 23.0 |
| 12.5 |
| 49.3 |
|
Other capital | 0.8 |
| 0.1 |
| 0.8 |
| 0.2 |
|
Capital expenditures | 1.9 |
| 23.1 |
| 13.3 |
| 49.5 |
|
Second quarter of 2019 capital expenditures of $1.9 million were primarily focused on Lindbergh and Groundbirch properties. Inclusive of maintenance capital, Lindbergh capital expenditures during the second quarter of 2019 were $0.7 million and were directed towards well repairs and maintenance. Groundbirch capital spending during the second quarter of 2019 was dedicated to the finalization of completions activities that commenced in the first quarter of 2019.
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 5 |
Year to date 2019 capital expenditures were $13.3 million, with $8.5 million spent at Lindbergh inclusive of sustaining maintenance capital and $3.6 million spent at Groundbirch. The remaining capital was spent at Pengrowth’s conventional properties.
PRODUCTION
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
Daily production | Jun 30, 2019 |
| % of total | Jun 30, 2018 |
| % of total | Jun 30, 2019 |
| % of total | Jun 30, 2018 |
| % of total |
Bitumen (bbl/d) | 18,036 |
| 79 | 15,876 |
| 70 | 18,114 |
| 80 | 15,499 |
| 74 |
Natural gas (Mcf/d) | 25,294 |
| 19 | 34,064 |
| 25 | 24,644 |
| 18 | 27,091 |
| 21 |
Light oil (bbl/d) | 336 |
| 1 | 769 |
| 4 | 425 |
| 2 | 783 |
| 4 |
Natural gas liquids (NGL) (bbl/d) | 120 |
| 1 | 278 |
| 1 | 89 |
| — | 281 |
| 1 |
Total boe/d | 22,707 |
|
| 22,600 |
| | 22,736 |
| | 21,079 |
| |
Pengrowth's production for the first six months of 2019 was not materially affected by the Government of Alberta curtailment program.
Second quarter of 2019 total average daily production remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2018. Natural gas production decreased 26 percent in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period last year. This was primarily due to the absence of production from SOEP which ceased production at the end of 2018 coupled with the Groundbirch natural gas production decrease of 10 percent related to well performance and natural declines. The gas production from Groundbirch provides a supply of natural gas for Pengrowth's fuel requirements to generate steam at Lindbergh.
The decrease in natural gas production, however, was more than offset by a 14 percent increase in bitumen production in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 as a result of the production growth at Lindbergh from the infill wells drilled in 2018.
Second quarter of 2019 light oil production decreased 56 percent compared to the same period last year due to the absence of production from a minor asset disposed in early 2019 combined with production restrictions and declines. NGL production decreased 57 percent compared to the second quarter of 2018 primarily due to the absence of production from SOEP, as mentioned above.
Year to date 2019 total average daily production increased 8 percent compared to the same period in 2018 driven by a 17 percent and a 27 percent increase in Lindbergh and Groundbirch production, respectively, compared to the same period in 2018, partially offset by the absence of production from SOEP, as mentioned above.
OPERATING NETBACKS
Pengrowth’s operating netbacks are defined as produced petroleum revenue, less royalties, less adjusted operating expenses and less transportation expenses divided by production for the period. Operating netbacks may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies, as there are no standardized measures.
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| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
Operating Netbacks ($/boe) (1) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Produced petroleum revenue (1) | 41.52 |
| 42.59 |
| 38.90 |
| 41.39 |
|
Royalties | (3.63 | ) | (3.99 | ) | (3.18 | ) | (3.43 | ) |
Adjusted operating expenses (1) | (9.24 | ) | (10.11 | ) | (9.89 | ) | (10.25 | ) |
Transportation expenses | (2.95 | ) | (2.67 | ) | (2.99 | ) | (2.70 | ) |
Operating netbacks before realized commodity risk management (1) | 25.70 |
| 25.82 |
| 22.84 |
| 25.01 |
|
Realized commodity risk management | (3.44 | ) | (9.82 | ) | (2.96 | ) | (8.96 | ) |
Operating netbacks ($/boe) | 22.26 |
| 16.00 |
| 19.88 |
| 16.05 |
|
| |
(1) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
Second quarter of 2019 operating netback, before realized commodity risk management remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period in 2018. Year to date 2019 operating netback, before realized commodity risk management
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 6 |
decreased 9 percent compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to a decrease in realized bitumen and natural gas prices year over year.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 operating netbacks, after realized commodity risk management, increased 39 percent and 24 percent, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 mainly due to lower per boe realized commodity risk management losses in 2019 driven by a change in risk management contracts year over year.
COMMODITY PRICES
Pengrowth’s revenues are substantially derived from the sale of diluted bitumen, light oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and are dependent on commodity prices the Corporation receives. The following table shows industry benchmark prices and foreign exchange rates to assist in understanding the impact of commodity prices, price differentials and foreign exchange rates on Pengrowth’s financial results:
Benchmark Prices and Differentials
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| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Average Benchmark Commodity Prices | | | | |
Crude Oil: | | | | |
WTI oil (U.S.$/bbl) | 59.84 |
| 67.90 |
| 57.36 |
| 65.42 |
|
WTI oil (Cdn$/bbl) | 79.79 |
| 88.18 |
| 76.48 |
| 83.87 |
|
WCS differential to WTI (U.S.$/bbl) | (10.65 | ) | (19.24 | ) | (11.52 | ) | (21.74 | ) |
WCS oil (U.S.$/bbl) | 49.19 |
| 48.66 |
| 45.84 |
| 43.68 |
|
WCS oil (Cdn$/bbl) | 65.59 |
| 62.82 |
| 61.12 |
| 55.83 |
|
Condensate: | | | | |
Condensate at Edmonton (Cdn$/bbl) | 74.76 |
| 88.81 |
| 71.01 |
| 84.20 |
|
WCS differential to Condensate (Cdn$/bbl) | (9.17 | ) | (25.99 | ) | (9.89 | ) | (28.37 | ) |
Natural Gas: | | | | |
AECO monthly gas (Cdn$/MMBtu) | 1.17 |
| 1.03 |
| 1.56 |
| 1.44 |
|
| | | | |
Average Exchange Rate: | | | | |
Cdn$1=U.S.$ | 0.75 |
| 0.77 |
| 0.75 |
| 0.78 |
|
Crude Oil Benchmark Prices and Differentials
The WTI price, which is an important benchmark reflecting the inland North American crude oil price, averaged U.S.$59.84/bbl during the second quarter and U.S.$57.36/bbl during the first six months of 2019 decreasing 12 percent in both periods compared to the same periods in 2018.
Combined with the decrease in WTI, Alberta heavy and light oil producers were subjected to a discount for their production. Exchange rates, location, quality differentials and transportation bottlenecks are all factors that impact the price received for Canadian crude oil. WCS is a blend of heavy oil consisting of conventional heavy oil and diluted bitumen and the benchmark price represents the Canadian heavy oil price at Hardisty, Alberta.
The differential between WCS and WTI continued to narrow in the second quarter of 2019 with the first half of 2019 averaging U.S.$11.52/bbl compared to U.S.$21.74/bbl in the same period in 2018. The narrowing of the differential was the result of continued efforts to alleviate transportation bottlenecks through temporary Government mandated production curtailments in the province of Alberta, and through transporting crude by rail to clear the market.
As a result of narrowing differentials to WTI, second quarter and year to date 2019 average U.S. dollar WCS oil price was higher compared to the same periods in 2018 despite the above noted decreases in WTI prices in 2019.
Condensate Benchmark Prices and Differentials
In order to meet pipeline specifications and facilitate delivery on pipeline systems, bitumen production is blended with condensate which is used as a diluent to reduce viscosity. Pengrowth’s blending ratio, which reflects diluent volumes as a percentage of total blended volumes, was approximately 32 percent during the first six months of 2019. The WCS
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| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 7 |
to Condensate differential reflects the amount of condensate costs that are not recoverable when selling a barrel of diluted bitumen. The narrower the WCS to Condensate differential, the more condensate costs are recovered. When the demand for condensate in Alberta exceeds the supply available, Edmonton condensate may be priced to be competitive with U.S. Gulf Coast condensate prices plus the cost to transport the condensate to Edmonton. Condensate prices at Edmonton decreased 16 percent in the second quarter and year to date 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018 while the second quarter and year to date 2019 Condensate differential to WCS narrowed by 65 percent compared to the same periods last year.
Natural Gas Benchmark Prices
The average AECO natural gas prices increased 14 percent and 8 percent in the second quarter and year to date 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively, driven by weather related increase in demand which outpaced the impact from the oversupply of Canadian natural gas and transportation constraints. However, Pengrowth's second quarter and year to date 2019 realized price for natural gas decreased 34 percent and 40 percent compared to the same periods in 2018, respectively, due to the absence of natural gas from SOEP due to cessation of production in December 2018. Natural gas from SOEP was priced at Algonquin City Gate price point which normally attracted higher prices compared to AECO.
Pengrowth Average Realizations
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
(Cdn$) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Average Sales Price (1) | | | | |
Diluted bitumen (Cdn$/bbl) (2) (3) | 58.87 |
| 63.94 |
| 54.74 |
| 59.81 |
|
Diluent cost and transportation (Cdn$/bbl) | (9.88 | ) | (11.47 | ) | (9.66 | ) | (12.26 | ) |
Bitumen (Cdn$/bbl) (4) | 48.99 |
| 52.47 |
| 45.08 |
| 47.55 |
|
Natural gas (Cdn$/Mcf) (5) | 1.17 |
| 1.77 |
| 1.52 |
| 2.55 |
|
Light oil (Cdn$/bbl) | 65.41 |
| 71.45 |
| 61.10 |
| 65.62 |
|
Natural gas liquids (Cdn$/bbl) | 64.10 |
| 51.39 |
| 49.66 |
| 53.09 |
|
| |
(1) | Excluding realized financial risk management contracts. |
| |
(2) | Calculated based on diluted bitumen sales volumes. |
| |
(3) | During the first six months of 2019, Pengrowth's risk management included fixed price differential physical delivery contracts of 12,500 bbl/d at approximately U.S.$19.47/bbl of diluted bitumen. |
| |
(4) | Calculated based on bitumen sales volumes and excludes diluent sold. |
| |
(5) | Average sales prices are recorded in Mcf to reflect the volumetric reporting standard for Pengrowth's natural gas. Starting April 1, 2018, a portion of natural gas sales from Groundbirch is used for operational requirements and recorded at AECO/NIT 7A monthly index prices. Second quarter and year to date 2019 realized natural gas price of $1.17/Mcf and $1.52/Mcf, respectively, incorporate contributions from sales to third parties and natural gas used in internal operations. |
Diluted Bitumen and Bitumen Realizations
Pengrowth uses physical delivery contracts for a portion of its diluted bitumen sales to ensure access to markets, protect against pipeline apportionment, and limit credit risk and exposure to widening WCS differentials. Second quarter and year to date 2019 diluted bitumen sales averaged 26,286 bbl/d and 26,452 bbl/d, respectively, of which 12,500 bbl/d was sold under physical delivery fixed price WCS differential contracts averaging a discount of approximately U.S.$19.47/bbl to WTI. This resulted in a $14.7 million loss incurred during the second quarter of 2019 as WCS differentials narrowed unexpectedly compared to Pengrowth’s WCS differential contracts, primarily as result of the Alberta government mandatory production curtailment program. This in turn resulted in the second quarter of 2019 average diluted bitumen realized price of Cdn$58.87/bbl, which was lower than the average WCS benchmark of Cdn$65.59/bbl. Year to date 2019 realized loss on physical delivery fixed price WCS differential contracts amounted to $25.4 million resulting in the average diluted bitumen realized price of Cdn$54.74/bbl which was also lower than the average WCS benchmark of Cdn$61.12/bbl.
Pengrowth’s average bitumen sales price represents the calculated effective price received for bitumen production from Lindbergh, prior to blending of the product with diluent and the subsequent sales of diluted bitumen. Second quarter and year to date 2019 bitumen realization was 7 percent and 5 percent lower, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to the unfavorable impact of the WCS physical delivery fixed price differential contracts in the first six months of 2019 partially offset by lower condensate cost.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 8 |
Natural Gas, Light Oil and NGL Realizations
A portion of natural gas delivered from Groundbirch onto the NGTL system is subsequently used in operations at Lindbergh as energy costs and the remaining Groundbirch natural gas is sold to third parties. In accordance with IFRS, the value of natural gas related to internal use is excluded from oil and gas sales and operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). However, Pengrowth’s total natural gas realizations, as per the table above, incorporate contributions of both third party sales and natural gas used in internal operations to assist in understanding the unique nature of Groundbirch operation and contrast the overall natural gas realized prices to the AECO benchmark prices. See Note 11 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
With the absence of SOEP natural gas production, as mentioned above, Pengrowth's second quarter and year to date 2019 natural gas realized prices were in line with the AECO benchmark prices.
Produced Petroleum Revenue Realizations
Produced petroleum revenue realizations are calculated based on bitumen, natural gas, light oil and natural gas liquids sales volumes and exclude processing income, diluent and other revenue.
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
(Cdn$/boe) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Produced petroleum revenue (1) | 41.52 |
| 42.59 |
| 38.90 |
| 41.39 |
|
Realized commodity risk management gain (loss) (2) | (3.44 | ) | (9.82 | ) | (2.96 | ) | (8.96 | ) |
Total including realized commodity risk management (2) | 38.08 |
| 32.77 |
| 35.94 |
| 32.43 |
|
| |
(1) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(2) | Realized commodity risk management gains and losses from financial contracts. |
Pengrowth’s second quarter of 2019 produced petroleum revenue realization of $41.52/boe decreased 3 percent compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to the WCS differential losses from physical delivery contracts entered into in 2018. Year to date 2019 produced petroleum revenue realization of $38.90/boe decreased 6 percent compared to 2018 also due to the impact of physical delivery WCS differential losses.
Commodity Price Risk Management
Realized Commodity Risk Management Gains (Losses) from Financial Contracts
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per unit amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Oil risk management gain (loss) | (7.1 | ) | (20.2 | ) | (12.2 | ) | (34.2 | ) |
$/bbl (1) | (4.25 | ) | (13.34 | ) | (3.64 | ) | (11.60 | ) |
$/boe (2) | (3.44 | ) | (9.82 | ) | (2.96 | ) | (8.96 | ) |
| |
(1) | Includes light oil and bitumen. |
| |
(2) | Includes total production. |
Pengrowth's financial commodity risk management program primarily uses forward price swaps and collars to manage the exposure to commodity price and differential fluctuations and provide a measure of stability and predictability to cash flows. Changes in the business environment are regularly monitored by management and the Board of Directors to ensure that Pengrowth's risk management program is adequate and aligned with the long term strategic goals of the Corporation.
Realized commodity risk management gains and losses vary from period to period and are a function of the volumes under risk management contracts, the fixed prices of those risk management contracts and the benchmark pricing for the commodities under risk management contracts at settlement. Realized losses result when the average fixed risk management contracted prices are lower than the benchmark prices, while realized gains are recorded when the average fixed risk management contracted prices are higher than the benchmark prices at settlement. Realized gains and losses directly impact cash flow for the period.
Pengrowth realized financial risk management losses of $7.1 million or $3.44/boe and $12.2 million or $2.96/boe during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, due to narrowing of the WCS differential which was lower than Pengrowth's contracted prices. This was combined with losses on the WTI U.S.$56.86/bbl - U.S.$59.76/bbl collar contracts which expired at the end of the second quarter of 2019. Realized financial risk management losses in the
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 9 |
three and six months ended June 30, 2019 were significantly lower compared to the losses in the same periods in 2018 due to a change in contracted volumes and prices of Pengrowth's financial commodity risk management contracts.
Changes in Fair Value of Financial Commodity Risk Management Contracts
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Fair value of commodity risk management assets (liabilities) at period end | (4.1 | ) | (48.1 | ) | (4.1 | ) | (48.1 | ) |
Less: Fair value of commodity risk management assets (liabilities) at beginning of period | (11.1 | ) | (44.5 | ) | (4.2 | ) | (39.8 | ) |
Change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts for the period | 7.0 |
| (3.6 | ) | 0.1 |
| (8.3 | ) |
Changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts vary period to period and are a function of the volumes under risk management contracts, actual settlements of risk management contracts during the period, the fixed prices of those risk management contracts and the forward curve pricing for the commodities under risk management contracts at the end of the period. A decrease in fair value of commodity risk management contracts occurs when the forward price curve moves higher in relation to the fixed price, with the magnitude of the change being proportional to the movement in the forward price curve. An increase in fair value of commodity risk management contracts occurs when the forward price curve moves lower in relation to the fixed price, with the magnitude of the change being proportional to the movement in the forward price curve. Changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts are also affected by the change in volumes under risk management in the period. Changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and do not impact cash flow for the period.
For the three months ended June 30, 2019, Pengrowth recorded an increase in the fair value of commodity risk management contracts of $7.0 million as the fair value of commodity risk management liability at March 31, 2019 of $11.1 million decreased to a liability of $4.1 million at June 30, 2019. The decrease in liability was primarily the result of settlement of contracts during the second quarter of 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the decrease in fair value of commodity risk management liability was $0.1 million, also driven by the settlement of contracts combined with change in contracted volumes and prices.
At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth had the following financial contracts outstanding:
|
| | | |
Financial Crude Oil Contracts: | |
WCS Differential Swaps | | | |
Reference point | Remaining term | Volume of dilbit (bbl/d) | Price per bbl (U.S.$) |
Western Canada Select | Jul. 1, 2019 - Dec. 31, 2019 | 5,000 | WTI less $20.88 |
|
| | | | | | | |
WTI Collars | | | Price per bbl (U.S.$) |
Reference point | Remaining term | Volume (bbl/d) |
| Bought Puts |
| Sold Calls |
|
WTI | Jul. 1, 2019 - Sep. 30, 2019 | 2,000 |
| 55.00 |
| 61.05 |
|
Financial Risk Management Contracts Sensitivity to Commodity Prices as at June 30, 2019
|
| | | | |
($ millions) | | |
WCS differentials | Cdn$1 decrease in future WCS differential |
| Cdn$1 increase in future WCS differential |
|
Increase (decrease) to fair value of financial differential risk management contracts | (0.7 | ) | 0.7 |
|
|
| | | | | | |
WTI Collars | Cdn$1/bbl increase in WTI |
| Cdn$1/bbl decrease in WTI |
|
Increase (decrease) to fair value of oil risk management contracts |
| ($0.1 | ) |
| $0.1 |
|
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 10 |
The changes in fair value of the forward risk management contracts directly affect reported net income (loss) through the unrealized amounts recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) during the period. The effect on cash flow will be recognized separately only upon settlement of the risk management contracts, which could vary significantly from the unrealized amount recorded due to timing and prices when each contract is settled.
If each commodity risk management contract was to have settled at June 30, 2019, revenue and cash flow would have been $4.1 million lower than if the risk management contracts were not in place based on the estimated fair value of the risk management contracts at period end. The $4.1 million liability was related to risk management contracts expiring within one year.
Pengrowth has not designated any outstanding commodity risk management contracts as hedges for accounting purposes and therefore records these risk management contracts on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value and recognizes changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The volatility in net income (loss) will continue to the extent that the fair value of the commodity risk management contracts fluctuates. However, these non-cash amounts do not affect Pengrowth’s cash flow until realized.
Realized commodity risk management gains (losses) on financial crude oil, natural gas and differential contracts, as applicable, are recorded separately on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and impact cash flow at that time.
Physical Delivery Risk Management Contracts
Physical delivery contracts are not considered financial instruments and therefore, no asset or liability has been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements related to these contracts. The impact of realized physical delivery contract prices is included in oil and gas sales, as per the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss), and therefore in realized average sales prices and total produced petroleum revenue.
At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth had the following physical delivery contracts outstanding:
|
| | | |
WCS Differentials | | | |
Reference point | Remaining term | Volume of dilbit (bbl/d) | Price per bbl (U.S.$) |
Western Canada Select | Jul. 1, 2019 - Dec. 31, 2019 | 2,500 | WTI less $17.95 |
Western Canada Select | Jul. 1, 2019 - Dec. 31, 2019 | 2,500 | WTI less $23.60 - $26.35 |
Western Canada Select | Jul. 1, 2019 - Dec. 31, 2019 | 5,000 | WTI less $17.70 - $20.45 |
Western Canada Select | Jul. 1, 2019 - Feb. 1, 2020 | 2,500 | WTI less $20.40 - $23.40 |
Pengrowth has also entered into a secured term sale agreement at Hardisty for an additional 5,000 bbl/d of diluted bitumen for 2019 that are 100 percent apportionment protected. These agreements will settle at the monthly WCS Index less an apportionment protection fee of U.S.$2.00/bbl.
Subsequent to June 30, 2019, Pengrowth has entered into the following financial contracts: |
| | | | | | |
Financial Crude Oil Contracts: | |
WTI Swaps | | | |
Reference point | Remaining term | Volume (bbl/d) |
| Price per bbl (U.S.$) |
|
WTI | Jul. 1, 2019 - Sep. 30, 2019 | 3,000 |
|
| $59.62 |
|
See the Commodity Price Contracts section in Note 14 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 11 |
FINANCIAL RESULTS
OIL AND GAS SALES
The following table shows the composition of oil and gas sales:
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Bitumen | 80.4 |
| 75.8 |
| 147.8 |
| 133.4 |
|
Natural gas (1) (2) | 2.7 |
| 5.5 |
| 6.8 |
| 12.5 |
|
Light oil | 2.0 |
| 5.0 |
| 4.7 |
| 9.3 |
|
Natural gas liquids | 0.7 |
| 1.3 |
| 0.8 |
| 2.7 |
|
Produced petroleum revenue (1) | 85.8 |
| 87.6 |
| 160.1 |
| 157.9 |
|
Sale of diluent and other | 60.8 |
| 61.9 |
| 118.4 |
| 118.0 |
|
Less: deemed natural gas sales used in operations (2) | (2.2 | ) | (2.1 | ) | (5.8 | ) | (2.1 | ) |
Oil and gas sales (3) | 144.4 |
| 147.4 |
| 272.7 |
| 273.8 |
|
| |
(1) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(2) | Starting April 1, 2018, a portion of natural gas delivered from Groundbirch to the NGTL system is used in other operations as energy costs. As such, $2.2 million and $5.8 million related to natural gas used in internal operations are not included in total oil and gas sales for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively (three and six months ended June 30, 2018 - $2.1 million). |
| |
(3) | Excludes realized commodity risk management from financial contracts. |
In order to reduce viscosity and meet pipeline specifications, bitumen requires blending with a diluent. The cost of diluent is mostly recovered when the blended product, also known as dilbit or diluted bitumen, is sold at Hardisty. This is reflected in diluent and other revenue together with processing income and product purchased for resale.
Price and Volume Analysis
Quarter ended June 30, 2019 versus Quarter ended June 30, 2018
The following table illustrates the effect of changes in prices and volumes on the components of produced petroleum revenue:
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
($ millions) | Bitumen |
| Natural gas (2) |
| Light oil |
| NGLs |
| Produced petroleum revenue (2) |
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2018 (1) | 75.8 |
| 5.5 |
| 5.0 |
| 1.3 |
| 87.6 |
|
Effect of change in product prices and differentials | (5.7 | ) | (1.4 | ) | (0.2 | ) | 0.1 |
| (7.2 | ) |
Effect of change in sales volumes | 10.3 |
| (1.4 | ) | (2.8 | ) | (0.7 | ) | 5.4 |
|
Quarter ended June 30, 2019 (1) | 80.4 |
| 2.7 |
| 2.0 |
| 0.7 |
| 85.8 |
|
| |
(1) | Excludes realized commodity risk management from financial contracts. |
| |
(2) | See section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and Note 11 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. |
Bitumen sales increased by 6 percent in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 mostly driven by higher production volumes. The unfavorable impact of Pengrowth's physical delivery fixed price differential contracts more than offset the improvement in WCS in the second quarter of 2019. Natural gas sales decreased 51 percent in the second quarter of 2019 compared to the same period last year mainly due to absence of natural gas from SOEP which attracted higher realized prices. Light oil sales in the second quarter of 2019 decreased 60 percent impacted by a minor asset disposition, production restrictions and declines. NGL sales in the second quarter of 2019 decreased 46 percent compared to the same period last year mainly due to the absence of NGL sales from SOEP.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 12 |
Six Months ended June 30, 2019 versus Six Months ended June 30, 2018
The following table illustrates the effect of changes in prices and volumes on the components of produced petroleum revenue:
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
($ millions) | Bitumen |
| Natural gas (2) |
| Light oil |
| NGLs |
| Produced petroleum revenue (2) |
|
Six months ended June 30, 2018 (1) | 133.4 |
| 12.5 |
| 9.3 |
| 2.7 |
| 157.9 |
|
Effect of change in product prices and differentials | (8.1 | ) | (4.6 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (0.1 | ) | (13.1 | ) |
Effect of change in sales volumes | 22.5 |
| (1.1 | ) | (4.3 | ) | (1.8 | ) | 15.3 |
|
Six months ended June 30, 2019 (1) | 147.8 |
| 6.8 |
| 4.7 |
| 0.8 |
| 160.1 |
|
| |
(1) | Excludes realized commodity risk management from financial contracts. |
| |
(2) | See section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" and Note 11 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. |
Year to date 2019 bitumen sales increased 11 percent compared to the same period in 2018 resulting from higher production volumes partially offset by the unfavorable impact of physical delivery fixed price differential contracts. Natural gas, light oil and NGL sales decreased 46 percent, 49 percent and 70 percent, respectively, compared to year to date 2018 primarily due to the absence of SOEP volumes combined with a minor asset disposition and decreases in realized prices for light oil and natural gas.
ROYALTIES
|
| | | | | | | | |
($ millions except per boe amounts and percentages) | Three months ended | Six months ended |
Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Royalties, net of incentives | 7.5 |
| 8.2 |
| 13.1 |
| 13.1 |
|
$/boe | 3.63 |
| 3.99 |
| 3.18 |
| 3.43 |
|
Royalties as a percent of produced petroleum revenue (%) (1) (2) | 8.7 |
| 9.4 |
| 8.2 |
| 8.3 |
|
| |
(1) | Excludes realized commodity risk management from financial contracts. |
| |
(2) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
Royalties include Crown, freehold, overriding royalties, mineral taxes and GCA.
The Lindbergh Crown royalty rate is price sensitive and varies depending on whether the project is pre-payout or post-payout. Lindbergh is currently in pre-payout and will reach payout when its cumulative revenues exceed its cumulative eligible costs. The Crown royalty rate applicable to pre-payout varies from 1 percent when the monthly Cdn$ equivalent WTI price is less than or equal to $55/bbl to 9 percent when the Cdn$ equivalent WTI price is in excess of $120/bbl. Lindbergh royalties also incorporate a 4.0 percent gross overriding royalty to a third party that is based on posted WCS benchmark prices.
Second quarter of 2019 royalties as a percent of produced petroleum revenue decreased to 8.7 percent from 9.4 percent in the second quarter of 2018. The overall decrease in the second quarter of 2019 royalty rate is primarily attributed to the absence of royalties related to a minor 2018 disposition in addition to royalties related to SOEP which ceased production at the end of 2018. This decrease was partially offset by higher Lindbergh gross overriding royalties paid in the quarter as a result of an improvement in WCS benchmark price compared to the same period last year.
Year to date 2019 royalties as a percent of produced petroleum revenues remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period last year as the increase in Lindbergh royalties, driven by higher benchmark prices, were offset by the absence of royalties related to a minor disposition and royalties related to SOEP, as mentioned above.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 13 |
ADJUSTED OPERATING EXPENSES
|
| | | | | | | | |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Three months ended | Six months ended |
Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Operating expenses | 17.2 |
| 19.2 |
| 35.5 |
| 37.9 |
|
Cost of natural gas used in internal operations (1) | 2.2 |
| 2.1 |
| 5.8 |
| 2.1 |
|
Less: Processing income | (0.3 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (0.6 | ) | (0.9 | ) |
Adjusted operating expenses (1) (2) | 19.1 |
| 20.8 |
| 40.7 |
| 39.1 |
|
$/boe | 9.24 |
| 10.11 |
| 9.89 |
| 10.25 |
|
| |
(1) | Starting April 1, 2018, incorporates the cost of a portion of natural gas delivered from Groundbirch to the NGTL system and used in operations as energy costs calculated using AECO/NIT 7A monthly index prices. |
| |
(2) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
Starting in April 2018, a portion of natural gas delivered from Groundbirch onto the NGTL system is subsequently used in operations to satisfy fuel requirements at Lindbergh. In accordance with IFRS, the value of natural gas related to internal use is excluded from oil and gas sales and operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). However, Pengrowth uses an adjusted operating expenses measure which incorporates this cost of natural gas used in operations as energy costs to reflect true costs of operations regardless of the supply source.
Second quarter of 2019 adjusted operating expenses decreased $1.7 million or 8 percent compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to the absence of operating expenses related to SOEP which ceased production at the end of 2018. This was in addition to savings in personnel, chemical and repair costs all resulting from continued focus on operational excellence partially offset by the absence of favorable adjustments related to disposed properties recorded in the second quarter of 2018.
Year to date 2019 adjusted operating expenses increased $1.6 million or 4 percent compared to the same period in 2018 primarily due to higher power costs. The absence of operating expenses related to SOEP and savings related to operational efficiencies were offset by the absence of favorable adjustments related to disposed properties.
On a per boe basis, second quarter and year to date 2019 adjusted operating expenses decreased $0.87/boe and$0.36/boe, respectively, compared to the same periods last year impacted by lower costs and higher production.
DILUENT AND OTHER PURCHASES
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Diluent cost | 60.5 |
| 58.3 |
| 114.4 |
| 111.1 |
|
Other product purchases | — |
| 3.1 |
| 3.3 |
| 5.5 |
|
Diluent and other purchases | 60.5 |
| 61.4 |
| 117.7 |
| 116.6 |
|
Diluent costs reflect the cost of condensate required for processing activities and blending with bitumen to reduce viscosity and meet pipeline specifications. The amount of diluent costs depends on the volume of condensate required for blending and the price of condensate.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 diluent costs increased $2.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, compared to the same periods last year as the increase in bitumen production required higher volumes of purchased diluent, partially offset by a decrease in average condensate prices in the second quarter and year to date 2019 compared to the same periods in 2018. Pengrowth’s blending ratio, which reflects diluent volumes as a percentage of total blended volumes, was approximately 32 percent during the first six months of 2019 as compared to approximately 30 percent during the same time last year.
Other product purchases include third party hydrocarbons purchased for resale in order to meet sales commitments.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 14 |
TRANSPORTATION EXPENSES
|
| | | | | | | | |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Three months ended | Six months ended |
Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Transportation expenses | 6.1 |
| 5.5 |
| 12.3 |
| 10.3 |
|
$/boe | 2.95 |
| 2.67 |
| 2.99 |
| 2.70 |
|
Second quarter and year to date 2019 transportation expenses increased $0.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 due to incremental transportation expenses related to both higher Lindbergh production and higher transportation rates.
On a per boe basis, the increases in the second quarter and year to date 2019 relative to the same periods in 2018 were mainly due to higher transportation rates, as mentioned above.
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Cash G&A expenses (1) (2) | 5.1 |
| 8.8 |
| 11.7 |
| 17.7 |
|
$/boe | 2.47 |
| 4.28 |
| 2.84 |
| 4.64 |
|
Non-cash G&A expenses (1) (2) | 1.3 |
| 0.7 |
| 1.9 |
| 1.4 |
|
$/boe | 0.63 |
| 0.34 |
| 0.46 |
| 0.37 |
|
Total G&A (1) | 6.4 |
| 9.5 |
| 13.6 |
| 19.1 |
|
$/boe | 3.10 |
| 4.62 |
| 3.30 |
| 5.01 |
|
| |
(1) | Net of recoveries and capitalization, as applicable. |
| |
(2) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
Second quarter and year to date 2019 cash G&A expenses decreased $3.7 million or 42 percent and $6.0 million or 34 percent, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 primarily due to significantly lower staffing costs and lower office and IT expenditures. Office expenditures for the second quarter and year to date 2019 were $0.4 million and $0.6 million lower, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 due to the implementation of IFRS 16 with second quarter and year to date 2019 rent payments reflected as a decrease in lease liability rather than G&A expenses.
On a per boe basis, second quarter and year to date 2019 cash G&A expenses decreased $1.81/boe and $1.80/boe, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018 reflecting the decreases in cash G&A expenses as described above combined with higher production.
The non-cash component of G&A represents the compensation expenses associated with Pengrowth’s share-settled long term incentive plan ("LTIP"). See Note 10 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Pengrowth's share-settled LTIP. The compensation costs associated with these plans are expensed over the applicable vesting periods.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 non-cash G&A expenses increased $0.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2018. The increase was a result of compensation expense related to the stock option plan introduced at the end of the second quarter of 2018 and absence of a forfeiture rate increase reflected in 2018.
During the six months ended June 30, 2019, $0.5 million (June 30, 2018 - $1.2 million) of directly attributable G&A expenses were capitalized to Property, Plant and Equipment ("PP&E").
ACCRETION
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Accretion | 1.1 |
| 1.6 |
| 2.4 |
| 3.4 |
|
$/boe | 0.53 |
| 0.78 |
| 0.58 |
| 0.89 |
|
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 15 |
Accretion expense is recognized to update the present value of the asset retirement obligation balance. The ARO liability is increased each reporting period due to the passage of time and the amount of such accretion is expensed in the period. In 2018, accretion included increases in the onerous lease provision related to passage of time, however as a result of IFRS 16 adoption, this has been eliminated in 2019.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 accretion expense decreased $0.5 million and $1.0 million, respectively, compared to the same periods last year due to a lower ARO discount rate in 2019 and the absence of accretion on the onerous lease provision, as mentioned above. See the Accounting Pronouncements section for more information.
DEPLETION AND DEPRECIATION
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions except per boe amounts) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Depletion and depreciation | 28.0 |
| 34.0 |
| 59.1 |
| 65.1 |
|
$/boe | 13.55 |
| 16.53 |
| 14.36 |
| 17.06 |
|
Depletion and depreciation expense is recognized to allocate the cost of capital assets over the useful life of the respective assets. The net carrying amount of developed or producing fields or groups of fields is depleted using the unit of production method by reference to the ratio of production in the period to the related proved plus probable reserves, taking into account estimated future development costs necessary to bring those reserves into production.
Fluctuations in depletion and depreciation expense are primarily the result of changes in produced crude oil and natural gas volumes and changes in depletion and depreciation per unit. Fluctuations in depletion and depreciation per unit are the result of changes in reserves, future development costs, and relative production mix. Properties with no remaining production and reserves are fully depleted in the year that production ceases.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 depletion and depreciation decreased $6.0 million compared to the same periods in 2018 mainly due to the absence of depletion and depreciation on SOEP combined with the absence of depletion and depreciation on properties with no remaining production and reserves which were fully depleted at the end of 2018.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 depletion and depreciation per boe decreased $2.98/boe and $2.70/boe, respectively, compared to the same periods last year resulting primarily from changes in reserves and future development costs in addition to lower depletable PP&E base relative to the same periods in 2018.
IMPAIRMENTS
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
PP&E impairments | 50.0 |
| — |
| 50.0 |
| — |
|
E&E impairments | 45.0 |
| — |
| 45.0 |
| — |
|
Total impairments | 95.0 |
| — |
| 95.0 |
| — |
|
PP&E Impairments
At June 30, 2019, the significant decline in the forward natural gas benchmark prices for the medium and long term was deemed to be an indicator of impairment. Pengrowth evaluated its Groundbirch natural gas property for an impairment and determined that the recoverable amount of the CGU was below the carrying amount, resulting in a $50.0 million PP&E impairment recorded in the second quarter of 2019.
The recoverable amount was computed with reference to the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from production of proved plus probable reserves. The Groundbirch PP&E impairment test was primarily based on proved reserve values using a pre-tax discount rate of 10 percent, probable reserve values using a pre-tax discount rate of 12 percent, as estimated by Pengrowth’s independent reserves evaluator at December 31, 2018, updated with July 1, 2019 independent reserves evaluator forecast pricing and an inflation rate of 2 percent. The recoverable amount was determined using value in use. At June 30, 2019, the recoverable amount of the Groundbirch PP&E gas property was estimated to be approximately $192 million.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 16 |
A sensitivity analysis was performed on the PP&E impairment based on a 1 percent increase and 1 percent decrease in the discount rates which would have resulted in approximately $30 million increase or $31 million decrease in June 30, 2019 impairment, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was also performed on impairment based on a 5 percent change in the forecast cash flow estimates which would have resulted in approximately $10 million change in June 30, 2019 impairment. See Note 4 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
E&E Impairments
As mentioned above, the significant decline in the forward natural gas benchmark prices was deemed to be an indicator of impairment at June 30, 2019. In accordance with Pengrowth's policy, E&E assets are assessed in conjunction with the cash flow from the applicable PP&E CGU. Therefore, Pengrowth evaluated its Groundbirch E&E in conjunction with the associated CGU at June 30, 2019. It was determined that the recoverable amount of Groundbirch E&E was below the carrying amount and a $45.0 million impairment was recorded in the second quarter of 2019.
At June 30, 2019, the recoverable amount of the Groundbirch E&E was estimated to be approximately $31 million. The recoverable amount was computed with reference to the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from the contingent resources. Changes in forward price estimates, production costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of contingent resources and may ultimately result in contingent resources being restated. The Groundbirch E&E impairment test was based on contingent resources as estimated by Pengrowth’s independent reserves evaluator at December 31, 2018 updated with July 1, 2019 independent reserves evaluator forecast pricing, a pre-tax discount rate of 15 percent and an inflation rate of 2 percent. The recoverable amount was determined using value in use.
A sensitivity analysis was performed on the E&E impairment based on a 5 percent change in the forecast cash flow estimates which would have resulted in approximately $2 million change in impairment recognized at June 30, 2019. Using a 20 percent discount rate for the contingent resource would have resulted in a lower recoverable amount by approximately $22 million, while using a 10 percent discount rate would have resulted in a higher recoverable amount by approximately $68 million. See Note 5 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
INTEREST AND FINANCING CHARGES
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Interest and financing charges | 14.9 |
| 14.0 |
| 29.5 |
| 26.1 |
|
Capitalized interest | — |
| (1.4 | ) | — |
| (2.4 | ) |
Total interest and financing charges | 14.9 |
| 12.6 |
| 29.5 |
| 23.7 |
|
At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth had $520.2 million in outstanding fixed rate debt and $182.0 million of Credit Facility borrowings. Total fixed rate debt consists primarily of U.S. dollar denominated secured term notes at a weighted average interest rate of 6.6 percent and the Credit Facility had an average 7.4 percent interest rate.
Second quarter and year to date 2019 interest and financing charges, before capitalized interest, increased $0.9 million or 6 percent and $3.4 million or 13 percent, respectively, compared to the same periods last year due to higher borrowings and interest rate on the Credit Facility combined with higher Canadian dollar equivalent interest expense due to weaker average Canadian dollar in the period. In addition, year to date 2019 Interest and financing charges were $1.0 million higher related to an increase in lease obligations resulting from IFRS 16 adoption. See the Accounting Pronouncements section for more information.
TAXES
Deferred income tax is a non-cash item relating to temporary differences between the accounting and tax basis of Pengrowth's assets and liabilities.
As at June 30, 2019, Pengrowth did not recognize deductible temporary differences of approximately $1.7 billion primarily consisting of approximately $1.6 billion of non-capital losses and other temporary differences (PP&E and other). These losses expire between 2027 and 2039.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 17 |
Second quarter and year to date 2018 recognized deferred tax recoveries of $4.9 million and $12.1 million, respectively primarily due to temporary differences related to the change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts. See Note 8 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
Pengrowth has certain income tax filings from predecessor entities that are in dispute with tax authorities and has paid $9.5 million and $2.7 million to the Canada Revenue Agency and the Alberta Tax and Revenue Administration, respectively, to formally begin the process of challenging the particular taxation year. Pengrowth believes that its filings to-date are correct and that it is more likely than not to be successful in defending its positions. Therefore, no provision for any potential income tax liability was recorded and the $12.2 million has been recorded as a long term receivable.
FOREIGN CURRENCY GAINS (LOSSES)
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Currency exchange rate (Cdn$1 = U.S.$) at beginning of period | 0.75 |
| 0.78 |
| 0.73 |
| 0.80 |
|
Currency exchange rate (Cdn$1 = U.S.$) at period end | 0.76 |
| 0.76 |
| 0.76 |
| 0.76 |
|
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) from translation of foreign denominated debt | 10.4 |
| (7.5 | ) | 21.0 |
| (21.2 | ) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign exchange risk management contracts | (4.8 | ) | 5.5 |
| (12.0 | ) | 12.1 |
|
Net unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) | 5.6 |
| (2.0 | ) | 9.0 |
| (9.1 | ) |
| | | | |
Net realized foreign exchange gain (loss) | (0.2 | ) | 0.4 |
| (0.3 | ) | 0.5 |
|
As 71 percent of Pengrowth's total debt before working capital is denominated in foreign currencies at June 30, 2019, the majority of Pengrowth's unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses are attributable to the translation of this debt into Canadian dollars and changes in the fair value of the related foreign exchange swap contracts Pengrowth employs to manage this risk.
The gains or losses on foreign debt principal restatement each period are calculated by comparing the translated Canadian dollar balance of foreign currency denominated long term debt from one period to another. The magnitude of the gains and losses is proportionate to the magnitude of the exchange rate fluctuation between the opening and closing rates for the respective periods and the amount of debt denominated in a foreign currency.
Foreign Exchange Contracts Associated with U.S. Dollar Denominated Term Debt
Pengrowth holds a series of swap contracts which were transacted in order to fix the foreign exchange rate on a portion of principal for Pengrowth’s U.S. dollar denominated term debt. The swaps partially offset foreign exchange gains/losses on U.S. dollar denominated debt. Each swap requires Pengrowth to buy U.S. dollars at a predetermined rate and time, based upon maturity dates of the U.S. dollar term debt.
At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth held a total of U.S.$240 million in foreign exchange swap contracts at a weighted average rate of U.S.$0.75 per Cdn$1 as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
Principal amount (U.S.$ millions) |
| Swapped amount (U.S.$ millions) |
| % of principal swapped |
| Average fixed rate (Cdn$1 = U.S.$) |
|
366.3 |
| 240.0 |
| 66 | % | 0.75 |
|
At June 30, 2019, the fair value of these U.S. foreign exchange derivative contracts was a liability of Cdn$5.1 million and has been included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of these contracts between Balance Sheet dates are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 18 |
Foreign Exchange Contracts Associated with U.K. Pound Sterling Denominated Term Debt
Pengrowth entered into a foreign exchange risk management contract upon issuing the U.K. pound sterling denominated term debt. At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth held the following contract fixing the Canadian dollar to the U.K. pound sterling exchange rate on the interest and principal of the U.K. pound sterling denominated debt maturing in October 2019:
|
| | | | | | | |
Principal amount (U.K. pound sterling millions) |
| Swapped amount (U.K. pound sterling millions) |
| % of principal swapped (1) |
| Fixed rate (Cdn$1 = U.K. pound sterling) |
|
12.1 |
| 15.0 |
| 124 | % | 0.63 |
|
| |
(1) | Exceeds 100 percent as swaps were not liquidated when a portion of the principal amount of term note was early repaid in the fourth quarter of 2017. |
At June 30, 2019, the fair value of the U.K. foreign exchange derivative contract was an asset of Cdn$1.1 million and has been included on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of this contract between Balance Sheet dates are reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) as an unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss.
Foreign Denominated Term Debt Sensitivity to Foreign Exchange Rate
The following table summarizes the sensitivity on a pre-tax basis, of a change in the foreign exchange rate related to the translation of the foreign denominated term debt and the offsetting change in the fair value of the foreign exchange risk management contracts relating to that debt, holding all other variables constant:
|
| | | | |
| Cdn$0.01 Exchange rate change |
Foreign exchange sensitivity as at June 30, 2019 ($ millions) | Cdn - U.S. |
| Cdn - U.K. |
|
Unrealized foreign exchange gain or loss on foreign denominated debt | 3.7 |
| 0.1 |
|
Unrealized foreign exchange risk management gain or loss | (2.4 | ) | (0.1 | ) |
Net pre-tax impact on Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) | 1.3 |
| — |
|
ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS - NET PRESENT VALUE
At June 30, 2019, the ARO liability decreased $9.0 million from December 31, 2018 primarily due to abandonment work completed combined with a disposition of over 100 wells related to certain Southern Alberta conventional assets which closed during the first quarter of 2019. This was partially offset by the impact of a lower discount rate at June 30, 2019 compared to December 31, 2018.
Pengrowth has estimated the net present value of its total ARO to be $230.9 million as at June 30, 2019 (December 31, 2018 – $239.9 million), based on a total escalated future liability of $410.1 million (December 31, 2018 – $491.7 million). The decrease in escalated future liability is primarily a result of the abandonment work completed combined with a property disposition, as noted above.
The net present value of the estimated ARO is recorded as a liability, with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of the related assets. The depreciable amounts of the assets are depreciated over their useful life. Changes to the decommissioning liability after the assets have reached the end of their useful life are reflected in the Statement of Income (Loss) in the period in which they occur.
Until December 2018, Pengrowth had been contributing to an externally managed trust fund established to fund abandonment and reclamation costs associated with its interest in the SOEP which ceased production as of December 31, 2018. The total balance of the SOEP remediation trust fund at June 30, 2019 was $91.5 million (December 31, 2018 - $98.0 million) and was included in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The fund balance is a pre-funding of Pengrowth's entire share of the estimated costs of the SOEP abandonment and remediation and is currently in excess of the escalated future liability. The abandonment and decommissioning work at SOEP has begun and is planned to be completed by December 2021.
Pursuant to the Royalty Agreement with the Province of Nova Scotia and the Offshore Royalty Regulations, Pengrowth is entitled to deduct certain monies spent on abandonment and decommissioning activities from royalties previously paid. The deduction is claimed when the field ceases production and up to three years thereafter. The operator has established December 2018 as the "Month of Cessation" under the Royalty Agreement and the Regulations. It is estimated that the refundable royalties will be approximately 25 percent to 30 percent of Pengrowth's abandonment and decommissioning cost. During the first six months of 2019, Pengrowth has recorded a $3.5 million royalty credit
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 19 |
carry-back related to the abandonment and decommissioning expenditures at SOEP. This amount was reflected as other (income) expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
The majority of the abandonment and reclamation costs on other assets, not covered by a fund, are expected to be incurred between 2035 and 2085. A risk free discount rate of 1.9 percent per annum (December 31, 2018 - 2.3 percent) and an ARO specific inflation rate of 2.0 percent (December 31, 2018 - 2.0 percent) were used to calculate the net present value of the ARO at June 30, 2019.
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Proceeds from property dispositions (1) | (0.1 | ) | 3.5 |
| 5.3 |
| 7.9 |
|
| |
(1) | Proceeds are net of transaction costs and closing adjustments and include deferred proceeds, as applicable. |
Proceeds from property dispositions in the first six months of 2019 relate to collection of deferred proceeds. At June 30, 2019, there were no receivable deferred proceeds relating to dispositions.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
Debt Maturities and Capital Resources
At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth had in place a secured $330 million revolving committed term credit facility ("Credit Facility") supported by a broad syndicate of domestic and international banks with a maturity date of September 30, 2019, as discussed further below.
The available Credit Facility had drawings of $182.0 million at June 30, 2019 (December 31, 2018 - $173.5), and $63.3 million of outstanding letters of credit (December 31, 2018 - $75.6 million). In addition to the maturity of the Credit Facility in 2019 as described above, certain of the Corporation’s secured term notes in the aggregate principal amount of Cdn$56.9 million and Cdn$123.3 million mature on October 18, 2019 and May 11, 2020, respectively. Pengrowth is exploring and advancing strategic alternatives to address the upcoming maturities of the term notes.
On March 5, 2019, the Board of Directors commenced a formal process with Perella Weinberg Partners LP and their subsidiary Tudor, Pickering, Holt & Co. ("PWP/TPH") to explore and develop strategic alternatives (the “Strategic Review”) with a view to strengthening the Corporation's balance sheet, addressing upcoming debt maturities and maximizing enterprise value. The Strategic Review is intended to explore a comprehensive range of strategic and transaction alternatives, including a sale, merger or other business combination; a disposition of all or certain assets of the Corporation; recapitalization and refinancing opportunities including new debt or equity capital; and other alternatives to improve the Corporation's financial position and maximize value. In addition to Pengrowth’s long-life, low-decline assets, the Corporation also has potentially attractive tax attributes that complement its strong base operations. Pengrowth and its advisers expect to actively explore market interest in potential transactions and strategic initiatives with a range of interested parties and capital market participants. There can be no guarantees as to whether the Strategic Review will result in a transaction or the terms or timing of any resulting transaction. Various industry risk factors, including a prolonged or significant decrease in WTI or WCS pricing, could impact the outcome of the Strategic Review process, Pengrowth’s cash flow, and its ability to address its upcoming debt maturities.
Starting in 2018, and continuing into 2019, Pengrowth had and continues to have discussions with its banking syndicate regarding an amendment or extension of its secured revolving Credit Facility in connection with Pengrowth’s efforts to address upcoming debt maturities, refinance the Corporation’s secured term notes, and improve the Corporation’s capital structure. On March 25, 2019 Pengrowth announced that it had reached arrangements for the extension of the March 31, 2019 maturity date under its $330 million Credit Facility through September 30, 2019, subject to certain terms. The Corporation executed an extension agreement to the Credit Facility, supported by 100 percent of the lenders in the syndicate, providing for the extension of the maturity date under the Credit Facility to September 30, 2019, by way of an initial extension to July 29, 2019 and two subsequent extensions to August 29, 2019 and to September 30, 2019, respectively, each of which will automatically become effective unless lenders with at least two thirds of the total commitments under the Credit Facility provide notice to the Corporation that such automatic extension will not apply in advance of the automatic extension dates. The extension of the Credit Facility provides support to Pengrowth while it undertakes the previously-announced Strategic Review to explore and develop strategic alternatives with a view to strengthening the Corporation's balance sheet, addressing upcoming debt maturities, and maximizing enterprise value.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 20 |
Due to the uncertainty around improvements in global commodity prices and uncertainty around the terms and timing of any extension or refinancing arrangements in respect of Pengrowth’s debt portfolio, there remains a risk around Pengrowth's ability to address the upcoming maturities of the Credit Facility, certain secured term notes due October 2019 and May 2020, and to remain in compliance with certain covenants at the end of 2019.
Further information regarding the risk factors associated with Pengrowth's capital resources may be found under the headings “Advisory Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and "Business Risks" herein and under "Risk Factors" in Pengrowth's most recent AIF and management information circular, quarterly reports, material change reports and news releases.
Financial Covenants
Pursuant to the debt amending agreements dated October 12, 2017, amendments to the existing financial covenants are effective through to and including the quarter ending September 30, 2019 in the case of the secured term notes and Credit Facility (the "Waiver Period"). The only applicable covenant during the Waiver Period is the trailing 12 month Adjusted EBITDA to Interest and Financing Charges ratio (the "Interest Coverage" ratio). The Interest Coverage ratio changes each quarter until the fourth quarter of 2019 for secured term notes after which it remains at 4.0 times, as noted below. Any new or extended Credit Facility could contain new or different covenants and credit limits.
Also after the Waiver Period, the Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio covenant of 3.5 times, and the Debt to Book Capitalization ratio covenant of 55 percent will be applicable commencing in the fourth quarter of 2019.
During the Waiver Period:
| |
• | The Debt to Adjusted EBITDA ratio covenant and the Debt to Book Capitalization ratio covenants do not apply. |
| |
• | The trailing 12 month Interest Coverage minimum ratio covenant is revised as follows: |
|
| | | | |
Year | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 |
2019 | 1.13 times | 1.19 times | 1.23 times | 4.0 times |
The calculation of the Interest Coverage ratio is based on specific definitions within the agreements and may contain adjustments, pursuant to the agreements, some of which cannot be readily replicated by referring to Pengrowth's Consolidated Financial Statements. Trailing 12 month EBITDA can be adjusted for certain one-time cash items, estimated EBITDA from material divested or acquired properties and non-cash items. Trailing 12 month interest and financing charges can be adjusted for the fees and interest expense related to debt repaid with asset divestment proceeds. The impact of adoption of new accounting standards is excluded from covenant calculations. See table below for more information.
Pengrowth was in compliance with its Interest Coverage ratio at 2.05 times at June 30, 2019, which was above the second quarter of 2019 minimum compliance covenant of 1.19 times. Due to the return of the Debt to EBITDA covenant and increase of the Interest Coverage ratio to 4.0 times there remains a risk around Pengrowth's ability to stay in compliance with its debt covenants at the end of 2019. See Note 1 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
All loan agreements and amendments can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com filed under "Other" or "Material Document" and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 21 |
Covenant Calculation
|
| | |
Twelve month trailing actual covenant (1) (2): | |
Interest Coverage ratio at June 30, 2019 | 2.05 |
|
Minimum Interest Coverage compliance ratio required at June 30, 2019 | 1.19 |
|
| |
Twelve month trailing Interest Expense ($ millions): | Jun 30, 2019 |
|
Interest and financing charges excluding the impact of IFRS 16 adoption | 54.6 |
|
|
|
|
Twelve month trailing Adjusted EBITDA ($ millions): | |
Net income (loss) | (612.7 | ) |
Add (deduct): | |
Interest and financing charges | 55.6 |
|
Deferred income tax expense (recovery) | 354.3 |
|
Depletion, depreciation, accretion, and change in other decommissioning liabilities | 171.2 |
|
Impairment | 186.0 |
|
(Gain) loss on disposition of properties | 0.2 |
|
Change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts | (44.0 | ) |
Unrealized foreign exchange (gain) loss | (3.2 | ) |
Non-cash share based compensation expense | 5.3 |
|
Restructuring costs | 0.8 |
|
EBITDA related to dispositions | (1.0 | ) |
Impact of IFRS 16 adoption | (0.3 | ) |
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | 112.2 |
|
| |
(1) | Calculation of the financial covenant is based on specific definitions within the agreements and contains adjustments, pursuant to the agreements, some of which cannot be readily replicated by referring to Pengrowth's Consolidated Financial Statements. |
| |
(2) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
Total Debt Before Working Capital
At June 30, 2019 total debt before working capital of $702.2 million comprised $520.2 million of secured term notes and $182.0 million drawn on the Credit Facility. Compared to December 31, 2018, total debt decreased by $12.4 million at June 30, 2019 driven by a stronger period-end Canadian dollar driving the Canadian dollar equivalent of secured term notes balance down partially offset by higher drawings on the Credit facility relative to December 31, 2018.
June 30, 2019 total debt before working capital decreased by $19.3 million compared to March 31, 2019 driven by lower Credit Facility drawings and the impact of a stronger period end Canadian dollar on the Canadian dollar equivalent of secured term notes.
As of June 30, 2019, Pengrowth's foreign denominated secured term notes comprised 71 percent of the total debt before working capital. Each term note is governed by a Note Purchase Agreement. See Note 6 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Off-Balance Sheet Financing
Pengrowth does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
WORKING CAPITAL
Working capital surplus or deficiency is calculated as current assets less current liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At June 30, 2019, Pengrowth had a working capital deficiency of $383.6 million as current assets were exceeded by current liabilities mostly due to the Credit Facility balance and secured term notes maturing in the next 12 months presented as a current portion of long term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Note 6 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 22 |
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Pengrowth uses financial instruments to manage its exposure to commodity price fluctuations and foreign currency exposure. Pengrowth's policy is not to utilize financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. See Note 2 to the December 31, 2018 audited Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the accounting policies for financial instruments and Note 14 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the fair value of the Corporation's financial instruments.
SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Q2 |
| Q1 |
| Q4 |
| Q3 |
| Q2 |
| Q1 |
| Q4 |
| Q3 |
|
Oil and gas sales ($ millions) (1) | 144.4 |
| 128.3 |
| 111.2 |
| 147.2 |
| 147.4 |
| 126.4 |
| 130.5 |
| 125.1 |
|
Net income (loss) ($ millions) | (76.5 | ) | (31.6 | ) | (503.0 | ) | (1.6 | ) | (27.5 | ) | (27.2 | ) | (210.4 | ) | (144.7 | ) |
Net income (loss) per share ($) | (0.14 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.91 | ) | — |
| (0.05 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.26 | ) |
Net income (loss) per share - diluted ($) | (0.14 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.91 | ) | — |
| (0.05 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.38 | ) | (0.26 | ) |
Cash flow from operating activities ($ millions) | 30.9 |
| (7.8 | ) | 9.4 |
| 21.8 |
| 12.8 |
| (12.3 | ) | 28.4 |
| 11.8 |
|
Adjusted funds flow ($ millions) (2) (3) | 29.1 |
| 16.0 |
| (2.3 | ) | 15.6 |
| 10.1 |
| 7.2 |
| 13.5 |
| (0.3 | ) |
Daily production (boe/d) | 22,707 |
| 22,764 |
| 24,104 |
| 21,807 |
| 22,600 |
| 19,541 |
| 24,702 |
| 35,072 |
|
Produced petroleum revenue ($/boe) (1) (4) | 41.52 |
| 36.27 |
| 24.80 |
| 47.10 |
| 42.59 |
| 39.97 |
| 37.14 |
| 28.08 |
|
Operating netback ($/boe) (4) (5) | 22.26 |
| 17.48 |
| 4.55 |
| 18.44 |
| 16.00 |
| 16.08 |
| 16.06 |
| 11.06 |
|
| |
(1) | Excludes realized commodity risk management from financial contracts. |
| |
(2) | Fourth quarter of 2017 adjusted funds flow excludes $34.8 million loss related to the settlement of foreign exchange swap contracts as this was considered a financing activity. |
| |
(3) | See definition under section "Non-GAAP Financial Measures". |
| |
(4) | Includes realized commodity risk management. |
Pengrowth recorded a net loss of $76.5 million in the second quarter of 2019, an increase from the loss incurred in the first quarter of 2019. This was primarily due to the impairment charges of $95.0 million partially offset by higher adjusted funds flow in the second quarter of 2019. The net loss in the second quarter of 2019 was a significant reduction from the loss incurred in the fourth quarter of 2018 which included de-recognition of the deferred tax asset of $342.2 million related to uncertainty of Pengrowth's ability to realize the deferred tax assets in future years, the impairment charges of $91.0 million and a lower adjusted funds flow.
Second quarter of 2019 adjusted funds flow increased to $29.1 million, reflecting an increase from the preceding quarters primarily due to higher bitumen production and lower realized losses on commodity risk management coupled with lower cash G&A expenses. The positive impact of the increase in bitumen production in 2019 was partially offset by losses on Pengrowth's physical delivery fixed price WCS differential contracts.
Second quarter of 2019 produced petroleum revenue per boe increased compared to the preceding two quarters, as per the table above, due to an increase in realized bitumen price.
Oil and gas sales in the second quarter of 2019 increased from the preceding two quarters, as per the table above, due to higher commodity benchmark prices. Second quarter of 2019 operating netbacks, after realized commodity risk management, increased significantly compared to all preceding quarters of 2018 and 2017 due to increase in realized prices coupled with lower per boe realized commodity risk management losses related to financial swap contracts.
2019 quarterly production was higher than most of the preceding quarters in 2018, but lower than 2017, as per the table above. The increase resulted primarily from increase in bitumen production in the first half of 2019 and higher production at Groundbirch. 2019 quarterly production was also impacted by the absence of production related to SOEP and natural declines related to capital spending curtailments.
Quarterly net income (loss), as per the table above, has also been affected by non-cash charges, in particular depletion, and depreciation, impairment charges, accretion of ARO, changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts, unrealized foreign exchange gains (losses), gains (losses) on property divestments, and deferred income taxes, as applicable. Adjusted funds flow was also impacted by changes in royalty expense, operating expenses and cash G&A expenses.
|
| | |
PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 23 |
BUSINESS RISKS
Pengrowth is exposed to normal market risks inherent in the oil and natural gas business, the details of which are set out in the AIF of the Corporation dated March 5, 2019 available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov. Please refer to the Future Operations section of this MD&A for more information about Pengrowth's ongoing Strategic Review and uncertainty related to the Corporation continuing as a going concern.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with IFRS. The preparation of these Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingencies at the date of the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated. For more information about Pengrowth's critical accounting estimates and accounting policies refer to the December 31, 2018 annual report and Note 2 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
For a description of Pengrowth's accounting policies regarding impairments, see Note 2 to the December 31, 2018 audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes 4 and 5 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
Pengrowth’s ARO risk free discount rate was 1.9 percent at June 30, 2019 (December 31, 2018 - 2.3 percent). Pengrowth uses the 30 year Canadian Government long term bond rate to estimate its ARO discount rate. There were no other changes to Pengrowth's critical accounting estimates in the six months ended June 30, 2019 other than described in the Note 2 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as it relates to the adoption of IFRS 16.
ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ADOPTED
Adoption of IFRS 16 Leases
Effective January 1, 2019, Pengrowth adopted IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach. The modified retrospective approach does not require restatement of comparative information as it recognizes the cumulative effect as an adjustment to opening retained earnings, as applicable, and applies the standard prospectively.
The following table shows the impact of IFRS 16 adoption on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as at January 1, 2019:
|
| | | | | | |
($ millions) | As reported, December 31, 2018 |
| Balance on adoption as at January 1, 2019 |
| Impact of IFRS 16 Adoption |
|
Assets | | | |
Other assets (current and non-current) | 120.0 |
| 122.4 |
| 2.4 |
|
Property plant and equipment | 1,074.2 |
| 1,082.8 |
| 8.6 |
|
Liabilities and shareholders' equity | | | |
Provisions and other liabilities (current and non-current) | 300.8 |
| 311.8 |
| 11.0 |
|
The following table shows the impact of IFRS 16 adoption on the Consolidated Statement of Income (Loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
|
| | | | | | |
($ millions) | Before IFRS 16 Adoption |
| As reported |
| Impact of IFRS 16 Adoption |
|
General and administrative | 13.9 |
| 13.6 |
| (0.3 | ) |
Depletion and depreciation | 58.5 |
| 59.1 |
| 0.6 |
|
Interest and financing charges | 28.5 |
| 29.5 |
| 1.0 |
|
Total | | | 1.3 |
|
|
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 24 |
The following table shows the impact of IFRS 16 adoption on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019:
|
| | | | | | |
($ millions) | Before IFRS 16 Adoption |
| As reported |
| Impact of IFRS 16 Adoption |
|
Cash flow from operating activities | 21.1 |
| 23.1 |
| 2.0 |
|
Cash flow from financing activities | (19.6 | ) | (22.3 | ) | (2.7 | ) |
Cash flow from investing activities | (1.8 | ) | (1.1 | ) | 0.7 |
|
Total | | | — |
|
The right-of-use ("ROU") asset was included in Property, Plant and Equipment and was measured at the amount equal to the lease liability on January 1, 2019 with no impact on retained earnings. The lease liability was reflected in Provisions and Other Liabilities and was measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted using Pengrowth's incremental borrowing rate as at January 1, 2019. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate used to determine the lease obligation on adoption was approximately 6.0 percent. The ROU assets and lease liabilities recognized largely relate to the Corporation's head office lease in Calgary. The Corporation has elected to apply the practical expedient to adjust the ROU assets at January 1, 2019 by the amount of the provision for onerous leases of $25.8 million, as an alternative to an impairment review. The office lease subleases were classified as finance leases resulting in $2.4 million recognized as Other Assets at June 30, 2019.
See Notes 3, 4 and 7 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
The Corporation has also elected to apply the practical expedients of not recognizing ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less and leases of low-value assets. The lease payments associated with these leases are recognized as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term and were not considered material at June 30, 2019.
The difference between operating lease commitments disclosed as at December 31, 2018 and lease liabilities recognized on the Balance Sheet at January 1, 2019 is primarily due to non-lease components included in the commitments and the impact of discounting using the Corporation's incremental borrowing rate at January 1, 2019.
Update to Significant Accounting Policies
IFRS 16 provides a single recognition and measurement model for lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for contracts that are, or contain, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.
The Corporation recognizes an ROU asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The ROU asset is initially measured at cost based on the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received. The assets are depreciated to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU asset or the lease term using the straight-line method as this most closely reflects the expected pattern of consumption of the future economic benefits. Pengrowth presents ROU as part of Property, Plant and Equipment on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The lease term includes periods covered by an option to extend if the Corporation is reasonably certain to exercise that option. In addition, the ROU is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.
The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Corporation's incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Corporation uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.
The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Corporation’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or if the Corporation changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the ROU asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the ROU asset has been reduced to zero. Lease payments are applied against the lease
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 25 |
obligation, with a portion reflected as interest expense using the effective interest rate method. Pengrowth presents lease liability as part of Provisions and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income, and expenses. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Key areas where management has made judgments, estimates, and assumptions related to the application of IFRS 16 include:
| |
• | Incremental borrowing rate: The incremental borrowing rates are based on judgments including economic environment, term, currency, and the underlying risk inherent to the asset. The carrying balance of the right-of-use assets, lease obligations, and the resulting interest and depletion and depreciation expense, may differ due to changes in the market conditions and lease term. |
| |
• | Lease term: Lease terms are based on assumptions regarding extension terms that allow for operational flexibility and future market conditions. |
OPERATIONAL MEASURES
The reserves and production in this MD&A refer to company-interest reserves or production that is Pengrowth’s working interest share of production or reserves prior to the deduction of Crown and other royalties plus any Pengrowth-owned royalty interest in production or reserves at the wellhead, in accordance with Canadian industry practice. Company-interest is more fully described in the AIF.
When converting natural gas to equivalent barrels of oil within this MD&A, Pengrowth uses the industry standard of six Mcf to one boe. Barrels of oil equivalent may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation; a conversion ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one boe is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable to the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.
Steam Oil Ratio measures the rate of steam required to produce a barrel of bitumen. This can be expressed either as an average or at a point in time.
These measures do not have standardized meanings and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other oil and gas companies.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
This MD&A refers to certain financial measures that are not determined in accordance with IFRS. These measures do not have standardized meanings and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other oil and gas companies.
Management monitors Pengrowth’s capital structure and covenant compliance using non-GAAP financial metrics some of which are discussed in the Financial Resources and Liquidity section of this MD&A. These metrics are:
| |
– | trailing twelve months earnings before interest, taxes, depletion, depreciation, accretion ("EBITDA"), impairment, change in other decommissioning liabilities, gain (loss) on disposition of properties, change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts, unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss), non-cash share based compensation expense, restructuring costs and EBITDA related to material divestments ("Adjusted EBITDA"); |
| |
– | Adjusted EBITDA to Interest and Financing Charges (the "Interest Coverage" ratio); |
| |
– | Total debt before working capital to the trailing twelve months Adjusted EBITDA; and |
| |
– | Total debt before working capital as a percentage of total book capitalization ("Debt to Book Capitalization"). |
In calculating certain covenants, letters of credit and finance leases are incorporated in total debt before working capital for covenant purposes. Trailing 12 month interest and financing charges can be adjusted for the fees and interest expense related to debt repaid with asset divestment proceeds. Total book capitalization is the sum of total debt before working capital for covenant purposes and shareholders' equity. The impact of adoption of new accounting standards is excluded from covenant calculations.
Management believes that, in addition to net income (loss), adjusted net income (loss) is a useful supplemental measure as it reflects the underlying performance of Pengrowth’s core business activities. Net income (loss) may significantly be impacted by non-cash changes in fair value of commodity risk management contracts and unrealized foreign
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 26 |
exchange gains and losses while adjusted net income (loss) excludes the after-tax effect of items which do not represent Pengrowth's core business activities.
Management considers adjusted funds flow to be a key measure of performance as it demonstrates Pengrowth's ability to generate the necessary funds for sustaining capital, future growth through capital investment, and to repay debt. Management believes that such a measure provides an insightful assessment of Pengrowth's operations on a continuing basis by eliminating changes in non-cash operating working capital and actual settlements of ARO which substantially relate to SOEP and are pre funded by an externally managed trust fund. Adjusted funds flow per share is calculated by dividing adjusted funds flow and the weighted average number of shares outstanding.
Free funds flow is defined as adjusted funds flow less capital expenditures. Management believes this is a useful supplemental measure as it reflects funds available for debt repayment.
Produced petroleum revenue is a useful measure of revenue as it only includes the revenue from company interest production, by excluding processing income and revenue from purchased products, such as diluent and other third party volumes. Produced petroleum revenue reflects natural gas sales related to a portion of natural gas delivered from Groundbirch onto the NGTL system and used in other operations as energy costs. This measure can be expressed on a per boe basis.
Adjusted operating expenses are calculated as operating expenses less processing income primarily generated by processing third party volumes at processing facilities where Pengrowth has an ownership interest, and can be expressed on a per boe basis. Adjusted operating expenses include the cost of a portion of natural gas delivered from the NGTL system and used in operations as energy costs. Management believes this is a useful supplemental measure as it reflects the cash outlay at its processing facilities, being after cost recoveries earned by utilizing spare capacity though processing third party volumes.
Royalty expenses as a percent of produced petroleum revenue is a useful measure as it reflects overall royalty percentage related to revenues which are subject to royalties.
Pengrowth’s operating netbacks are defined as produced petroleum revenue, less royalties, less adjusted operating expenses and less transportation expenses divided by production for the period. Operating netbacks can be expressed either before or after realized commodity risk management. Operating netbacks may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies, as there are no standardized measures.
Management believes that segregating G&A expenses into cash and non-cash expenses is useful to the reader, as non-cash expenses only affect net income (loss) but not adjusted funds flow. Cash and non-cash G&A expenses per boe are calculated by dividing cash and non-cash G&A expenses by production for the period.
Adjusted Funds Flow
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash flow from operating activities to adjusted funds flow: |
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Cash flow from operating activities | 30.9 |
| 12.8 |
| 23.1 |
| 0.5 |
|
Add (deduct): | | | | |
Interest and financing charges | (14.9 | ) | (12.6 | ) | (29.5 | ) | (23.7 | ) |
Expenditures on remediation | 7.5 |
| 6.3 |
| 21.4 |
| 10.3 |
|
Change in non-cash operating working capital | 5.6 |
| 3.6 |
| 30.1 |
| 30.2 |
|
Total | (1.8 | ) | (2.7 | ) | 22.0 |
| 16.8 |
|
Adjusted funds flow | 29.1 |
| 10.1 |
| 45.1 |
| 17.3 |
|
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 27 |
The following table represents a continuity of adjusted funds flow:
|
| | | | | | | |
($ millions) | | Q2/18 vs. Q2/19 |
| | | YTD 2018 vs. YTD 2019 |
|
Adjusted funds flow for comparative period | Q2/18 | 10.1 |
| | YTD 2018 | 17.3 |
|
Increase (decrease) due to: | | | | | |
Volumes | | 5.4 |
| | | 15.3 |
|
Prices including differentials | | (7.2 | ) | | | (13.1 | ) |
Realized commodity risk management | | 13.1 |
| | | 22.0 |
|
Royalties | | 0.7 |
| | | — |
|
Expenses: | | | | | |
Adjusted operating | | 1.7 |
| | | (1.6 | ) |
Cash G&A | | 3.7 |
| | | 6.0 |
|
Interest & financing | | (2.3 | ) | | | (5.8 | ) |
Other - including transportation | | 3.9 |
| | | 5.0 |
|
Net change | | 19.0 |
| | | 27.8 |
|
Adjusted funds flow | Q2/19 | 29.1 |
| | YTD 2019 | 45.1 |
|
Adjusted Net Income (Loss)
The following table provides a reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted net income (loss):
|
| | | | | | | | |
| Three months ended | Six months ended |
($ millions) | Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
| Jun 30, 2019 |
| Jun 30, 2018 |
|
Net income (loss) | (76.5 | ) | (27.5 | ) | (108.1 | ) | (54.7 | ) |
Exclude non-cash items from net income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
Change in fair value of commodity risk management contracts | 7.0 |
| (3.6 | ) | 0.1 |
| (8.3 | ) |
Unrealized foreign exchange gain (loss) (1) | 5.6 |
| (2.0 | ) | 9.0 |
| (9.1 | ) |
Tax effect on non-cash items above | — |
| 1.0 |
| — |
| 2.2 |
|
Total excluded | 12.6 |
| (4.6 | ) | 9.1 |
| (15.2 | ) |
Adjusted net income (loss) | (89.1 | ) | (22.9 | ) | (117.2 | ) | (39.5 | ) |
| |
(1) | Relates to the foreign denominated debt net of associated foreign exchange risk management contracts. |
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 28 |
Sensitivity of Adjusted Funds Flow to Commodity Prices
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of adjusted funds flow to increases in commodity prices and differentials after taking into account Pengrowth’s commodity risk management contracts and outlook on oil differentials. See Note 14 to the June 30, 2019 unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on Pengrowth's risk management contracts. The calculated impact on revenue/cash flow is only applicable within a limited range of the change indicated and is based on production guidance levels contained herein.
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Estimated Impact on 12 Month Adjusted Funds Flow |
|
COMMODITY PRICE ENVIRONMENT (1) | | Assumption |
| Change |
| (Cdn$ millions) |
|
West Texas Intermediate Oil (2) | U.S.$/bbl |
| $56.53 |
|
| $1.00 |
| |
Bitumen | | | | 8.2 |
|
Oil risk management (3) | | | | (0.5 | ) |
Light oil | | | | 0.2 |
|
Net impact of U.S.$1/bbl increase in WTI | | | | 7.9 |
|
Oil differentials (2) | | | | |
Bitumen | U.S.$/bbl |
| $19.75 |
|
| $1.00 |
| (8.2 | ) |
Light oil | U.S.$/bbl |
| $7.04 |
|
| $1.00 |
| (0.2 | ) |
Physical oil differential risk management (4) | | | | 4.2 |
|
Net impact of U.S.$1/bbl increase in differentials | | | | (4.2 | ) |
AECO Natural Gas (2) | Cdn$/Mcf |
| $1.66 |
|
| $0.10 |
| |
Natural gas | | | | 0.8 |
|
Net impact of Cdn$0.10/Mcf increase in AECO | | | | 0.8 |
|
| |
(1) | Calculations are performed independently and are not indicative of actual results when multiple variables change at the same time. The exchange rate of Cdn$1 = U.S.$0.76 was used for the 12 month period. |
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(2) | Commodity price is based on an estimation of the 12 month forward price curve at July 24, 2019 and does not include the impact of commodity risk management contracts. |
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(3) | Includes commodity risk management contracts as at July 24, 2019. |
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(4) | Reflects 2019 physical delivery contracts for 12,500 bbl/d of dilbit and financial swaps for 5,000 bbl/d of dilbit. See Commodity Prices section of this MD&A for more information. |
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There have been no changes to internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”) during the interim period ended June 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Pengrowth's internal control over financial reporting. Internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 29 |
ADVISORY REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This MD&A contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of securities laws, including the "safe harbour" provisions of Canadian securities legislation and applicable U.S. securities legislation including the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking information is often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "intend", "forecast", "target", "project", "guidance", "may", "will", "should", "could", "estimate", "predict" or similar words suggesting future outcomes or language suggesting an outlook.
Forward-looking statements in this MD&A include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to: the Corporation's Strategic Review including the potential for the Corporation to complete any financing arrangements, corporate merger, sale, recapitalization or other transaction or strategic alternative, reserves, production, asset carrying amounts, amount and classification of liabilities, the proportion of production of each product type, Pengrowth’s 2019 guidance, production additions from Pengrowth's development program, Pengrowth’s business plan, the geological characteristics of Pengrowth’s properties, royalty expenses, operating expenses, tax horizon, deferred income taxes, management’s expectations as to tax and royalty receivables, ARO, remediation, reclamation and abandonment expenses, clean-up and remediation costs, impact of Climate Leadership Plan, adoption of new accounting pronouncements, capital expenditures, development activities, cash G&A, sublease income, Lindbergh expansion plans, flexibility of Pengrowth to change its capital spending plans, production capacity, anticipated benefits from the disposal of properties and timing thereof, ability of management to manage exposure to commodity price fluctuations, the availability and cost of capital, the ability of Pengrowth to pay its current and future debt obligations and stay in compliance with its current and future debt covenants, the ability of Pengrowth to obtain alternative debt financing and amend its financial covenants, anticipated free funds flow and use of free funds flow to pay down debt, the ability of Pengrowth to finalize the refinancing of the secured term notes, the ability of Pengrowth to realize its assets and settle its liabilities in the normal course of business and at the amounts stated in the financial statements, the ability of Pengrowth’s Groundbirch property to fulfill Lindbergh’s natural gas needs, management's ability to mitigate impact of Alberta's curtailment program, the continued assessment of co-generation capacity at Lindbergh, the anticipated impact of the implementation of NCG to enhance production and lower SORs, the outcome of the Strategic Review, and the ability of Pengrowth to remain a going concern. Statements relating to "reserves" are forward-looking statements, as they involve the implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions that the reserves described exist in the quantities predicted or estimated and can profitably be produced in the future.
Forward-looking statements and information are based on Pengrowth's current beliefs as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, Pengrowth concerning the Corporation's ability to remain as a going concern, general economic and financial market conditions, anticipated financial performance, business prospects, strategies, regulatory developments, including in respect of taxation, royalty rates and environmental protection, future capital expenditures and the timing thereof, future oil and natural gas commodity prices and differentials between light oil and bitumen prices, future oil and natural gas production levels, future exchange rates and interest rates, the amount of future cash dividends paid by Pengrowth or the lack thereof, the cost of expanding our property holdings, our ability to obtain labour and equipment in a timely manner to carry out development activities, our ability to market our oil and natural gas successfully to current and new customers including transportation availability, the impact of increasing competition, our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms and meet financial covenants, our ability to add production and reserves through our development, exploitation and exploration activities, our ability to pay our current and future debt obligations and stay in compliance with our current and future debt covenants, our ability to obtain alternative debt financing and amend our financial covenants, and our ability to remain a going concern. Although management considers these assumptions to be reasonable based on information currently available to it, they may prove to be incorrect.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and risks that predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not be achieved. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements as a number of important factors could cause the actual results to differ materially from the beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations and anticipations, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: the risks associated with the oil and gas industry in general; volatility of oil and gas prices; Canadian light oil and bitumen differentials; production and development costs and capital expenditures; the imprecision of reserve estimates and estimates of recoverable quantities of oil, natural gas and liquids; Pengrowth's ability to replace and expand oil and gas reserves, ability to produce those reserves; production may be impacted by unforeseen events such as equipment and transportation failures and weather related issues; environmental claims and liabilities; incorrect assessments of value when making
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 30 |
acquisitions; increases in debt service charges; the loss of key personnel; the marketability of production; defaults by third party operators; unforeseen title defects; fluctuations in foreign currency and exchange rates; inadequate insurance coverage; counterparty risk; compliance with environmental laws and regulations; actions by government authorities, including the imposition or reassessment of taxes including changes in income taxes and royalty laws; Pengrowth's ability to access external sources of debt and equity capital; Pengrowth's inability to refinance secured term notes and /or existing Credit Facility; new IFRS and the impact on Pengrowth’s financial statements; the implementation of greenhouse gas emissions legislation and the impact of carbon taxes; the inability of Pengrowth to successfully complete a transaction or recapitalization under the Strategic Review process; and Pengrowth's ability to remain a going concern. Further information regarding these factors may be found under the heading "Business Risks" herein and under "Risk Factors" in Pengrowth's most recent AIF, and in Pengrowth’s most recent audited annual Consolidated Financial Statements, management information circular, quarterly reports, material change reports and news releases. Copies of Pengrowth’s public filings are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
Pengrowth cautions that the foregoing list of factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to Pengrowth, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Furthermore, the forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A are made as of the date of this MD&A and Pengrowth does not undertake any obligation to update publicly or to revise any of the included forward-looking statements, except as required by law.
The forward-looking statements in this document are provided for the limited purpose of enabling current and potential investors to evaluate an investment in Pengrowth. Readers are cautioned that such statements may not be appropriate, and should not be used for other purposes.
The forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A are expressly qualified by this cautionary statement.
GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS
Pengrowth uses the following frequently recurring industry terms and abbreviations in this MD&A:
|
| | | |
"bbl" | barrel | "ARO" | asset retirement obligations |
"bbl/d" | barrels per day | "G&A" | general and administrative expenses |
"Mbbl" | thousand barrels | "LTIP" | long term incentive plan |
"MMbbls" | million barrels | "IFRS" | International Financial Reporting Standards |
"boe" | barrel of oil equivalent (1) | "AIF" | Annual Information Form |
"boe/d" | barrels of oil equivalent per day (1) | "WTI" | West Texas Intermediate crude oil price |
"Mboe" | thousand boe (1) | "WCS" | Western Canadian Select crude oil price |
"MMboe" | million boe (1) | "AECO" | Alberta natural gas price point |
"Mcf" | thousand cubic feet | "NYMEX" | New York Mercantile Exchange |
"Mcf/d" | thousand cubic feet per day | "SOEP" | Sable Offshore Energy Project |
"MMcf" | million cubic feet | "GCA" | Gas Cost Allowance |
"MMcf/d" | million cubic feet per day | "NCG" | Non-Condensable Gas |
"Bcf" | billion cubic feet | "NGTL" | Nova Gas Transmission Limited |
| | | |
"EPEA" | Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act | | |
"CO2" | carbon dioxide which is a gas at room temperature and pressure | | |
"SAGD" | steam assisted gravity drainage | | |
"diluent" | hydrocarbon based diluting agent required to facilitate the transportation of bitumen | | |
"dilbit" or "diluted bitumen" | bitumen blended with diluent | | |
"SOR" | steam oil ratio | | |
"CSOR" | cumulative steam oil ratio | | |
| |
(1) | Disclosure provided herein in respect of a boe may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of six Mcf of natural gas to one barrel of crude oil equivalent is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead. |
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PENGROWTH Second Quarter 2019 Management's Discussion and Analysis | 31 |