Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Description of Business and Basis of Presentation Corcept Therapeutics Incorporated is a commercial-stage pharmaceutical company engaged in the discovery and development of medications that treat severe metabolic, oncologic and psychiatric disorders by modulating the effect of the hormone cortisol. In 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved Korlym ® (“mifepristone”) 300 mg tablets, as a once-daily oral medication for the treatment of hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adult patients with endogenous Cushing’s syndrome who have type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance and have failed surgery or are not candidates for surgery. We have discovered and patented four structurally distinct series of selective cortisol modulators, consisting of more than 500 compounds. We are developing compounds from these series as potential treatments for a broad range of serious disorders. We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in May 1998 . Our headquarters are located in Menlo Park, California. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Principles of Consolidation Our consolidated financial statements include the financial position and results of operations of Corcept Therapeutics UK Limited, our wholly owned subsidiary, which we incorporated in the United Kingdom in March 2017. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. We reevaluate our estimates and assumptions each quarter, including those related to revenue recognition, recognition and measurement of income tax assets and liabilities, inventory, allowances for doubtful accounts and other accrued liabilities, including our bonus accrual, clinical trial accruals and stock-based compensation. Fair Value Measurements We value financial instruments using assumptions we believe third-party market participants would use. When choosing which assumptions to make when determining the value of a financial instrument, we look first for quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments (“Level 1 inputs”). If no Level 1 inputs are available, we consider (i) quoted prices in non-active markets for identical instruments; (ii) active markets for similar instruments; (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the instrument; and (iv) inputs that are not directly observable, but that can be corroborated by observable data (“Level 2 inputs”). In the absence of Level 2 inputs, we rely on unobservable inputs, such as our estimates of the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the instrument (“Level 3 inputs”). Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities We consider highly liquid investments that will mature in three months or less from the time we purchase them to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are valued using Level 1 inputs, which approximate our cost. We invest the majority of our funds in marketable securities, primarily corporate notes, U.S. Treasury securities, asset-backed securities, commercial paper and repurchase agreements. We classify our marketable securities as available-for-sale securities and report them at fair value as “cash equivalents” or “marketable securities” on our consolidated balance sheet, with related unrealized gains and losses included in stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses and permanent declines in value are included in “interest and other income (expense)” on our consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Credit and Concentration Risks Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are held in one financial institution. We are subject to credit risk from our cash equivalents and marketable securities. We limit our investments to U.S. Treasury obligations and high-grade corporate debt, asset-backed securities and repurchase agreements with less than a 36-month maturity at the time of purchase. These investments are diversified and do not expose us to concentrations of credit risk. We have never experienced a loss in, or lack of access to, our operating or investment accounts. We have a single-source manufacturer of mifepristone, the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), in Korlym - Produits Chimiques Auxiliaires et de Synthèse SA (PCAS). If PCAS is unable or unwilling to manufacture API in the amounts and time frames required, we may not be able to manufacture Korlym in a timely manner. In order to mitigate this risk, we have purchased and hold in inventory a reserve quantity of mifepristone API. We have a concentration of risk in regard to the distribution of our product. A single specialty pharmacy, Optime Care, Inc. (“Optime”), dispenses Korlym to patients for us. Optime is an independent third party. Its unwillingness or inability to dispense Korlym to patients in a timely manner would harm our business. We sell the Korlym that Optime dispenses directly to patients, with title to the medicine passing directly from us to the patient upon the patient’s receipt of the drug. Our receivables risk is spread among various third-party payers - pharmacy benefit managers, insurance companies, government programs and private charities. We extend credit to third-party payers based on their creditworthiness. We monitor our exposure and record an allowance against uncollectible trade receivables as necessary. To date, we have not incurred any credit losses. Inventory and Cost of Sales Regulatory approval of product candidates is uncertain. Because product manufactured prior to regulatory approval may not be sold unless regulatory approval is obtained, we record the cost of manufacturing our product candidates as research and development expenses at the time such costs are incurred. We capitalize to inventory manufacturing costs related to Korlym. We value inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value and determine the cost of inventory we sell using the specific identification method, which approximates a first-in, first-out basis. We assess our inventory levels at each reporting period and write down inventory that is either expected to be at risk of expiration prior to sale, or has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value, or for which there are inventory quantities in excess of expected requirements. We destroy expired inventory and recognize the related costs as cost of sales in that period’s statement of comprehensive income. Cost of sales also includes the cost of manufacturing Korlym, including materials, third-party manufacturing costs and indirect personnel and other overhead costs, based on the number of Korlym tablets for which we recognize revenue, as well as costs of stability testing, logistics and distribution. We classify inventory we do not expect to sell or use in clinical studies within 12 months of the balance sheet date as strategic inventory, a non-current asset. Net Product Revenue We sell Korlym directly to patients through a single specialty pharmacy. We also sell Korlym to a specialty distributor (“SD”), for which we recognize revenue at the time the SD receives Korlym. SD sales were less than one percent of our net revenue in the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . To determine our revenue from the sale of Korlym, we (i) identify our contract with each customer; (ii) identify the obligations of Corcept and the customer under the contract; (iii) determine the contracted transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the contract’s performance obligations, which in our case consists of delivering Korlym to the customer; and (v) recognize revenue once Korlym has been delivered, provided we deem it probable that we will collect the payment due to us. Confirmation of coverage by private or government insurance or by a third-party charity is a prerequisite for selling Korlym to a patient. To determine net product revenue, we deduct from sales the cost of our patient co-pay assistance program and our estimates of (a) government chargebacks and rebates, (b) discounts provided to our SD for prompt payment and (c) reserves for expected Korlym returns. We record these estimates at the time we recognize revenue and update them as new information becomes available. Our estimates take into account our understanding of the range of possible outcomes. If results differ from our estimates, we adjust our estimates, causing a change to our net product revenue and earnings. We report any changes in the period they become known, even if they concern transactions occurring in prior periods. Government Rebates: Korlym is eligible for purchase by, or qualifies for reimbursement from, Medicaid and other government programs that are eligible for rebates on the price they pay for Korlym. To determine the appropriate amount to reserve against these rebates, we identify Korlym sold to patients covered by government-funded programs, apply the applicable government discount to these sales, then estimate the portion of total rebates we expect will be claimed. Chargebacks . Although we sell Korlym to the SD at full price, some of the government entities to which the SD sells receive a discount. As it makes such sales, SD recovers the full amount of any related discounts by reducing its payment to us (this reduction is called a “chargeback”). Chargebacks sometimes relate to Korlym purchased by the SD in prior periods. We deduct from our revenue in each period chargebacks claimed by the SD for Korlym it purchased in that period. We also create each period a reserve for chargebacks we estimate the SD will claim in future periods against Korlym it has not yet resold. We determine the amount of this reserve based on our experience with SD chargebacks and our understanding of the SD’s customer base and business practices. We then deduct this reserve from revenue and include in accrued expenses on our consolidated balance sheet a current liability of equal amount. Patient Assistance Program and Charitable Support: It is our policy that no patient be denied Korlym due to inability to pay. We provide financial assistance to eligible patients whose insurance policies have high deductibles or co-payments and deduct the amount of such assistance from gross revenue. We determine the assistance we provide each patient by applying our program guidelines to that patient’s financial position and their insurance policy’s co-payment and deductible requirements for the purchase of Korlym. We donate cash to charities that help patients with financial need pay for the treatment of Cushing’s syndrome. We do not include payments from these charities in revenue. We provide Korlym at no cost to uninsured patients who do not qualify for charitable support. Sales Returns : Federal law prohibits the return of Korlym sold to patients. Sales to our SD are subject to return. We deduct the amount of Korlym we estimate the SD will return from each period’s gross revenue. We base our estimates on quantitative and qualitative information including, but not limited to, historical return rates, the amount of Korlym held by the SD and projected demand. If we cannot reasonably estimate returns with respect to a particular sale, we defer recognition of revenue until we can make a reasonable estimate. To date, returns have not been significant. The following table summarizes activity in each of the product revenue allowance and reserve categories for the year ended December 31, 2019: Chargebacks Government Rebates Total (in thousands) Balance at December 31, 2016: $ 468 $ 3,427 $ 3,895 Provision recorded during the period 2,637 18,097 20,734 Credit or payments made during the period (2,178 ) (13,563 ) (15,741 ) Balance at December 31, 2017: 927 7,961 8,888 Provision related to current period sales 2,687 28,628 31,315 Provision related to prior period sales — 532 532 Credit or payments made during the period (3,268 ) (25,988 ) (29,256 ) Balance at December 31, 2018: 346 11,133 11,479 Provision related to current period sales 783 24,374 25,157 Provision related to prior period sales — (95 ) (95 ) Credit or payments made during the period (852 ) (27,203 ) (28,055 ) Balance at December 31, 2019: $ 277 $ 8,209 $ 8,486 Leases We adopted ASC Topic 842, effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective method. The reported results for fiscal year 2019 reflect the application of ASC Topic 842, while the reported results for prior fiscal years are not adjusted and continue to be reported under ASC Topic 840. Refer to Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements regarding the adoption impact of ASC Topic 842 in the year ended December 31, 2019. We determine whether an arrangement contains a lease at inception. A contract is or contains a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. To determine whether a contract is or contains a lease, we consider all relevant facts and circumstances to assess whether the customer has the right to both (i) obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the identified asset and (ii) direct the use of the identified asset. We recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities at lease commencement. We measure lease liabilities based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted using the rate equal to the rate we would pay on a loan with monthly payments and a term equal to the monthly payments and remaining term of our lease. We estimate our incremental borrowing rate based on non-tender bank quotes and an analysis of public companies with debt and credit carrying terms similar to our lease term. We do not include in the lease term options to extend or terminate the lease unless it is reasonably certain at commencement that we will exercise any such options. We account for the lease components separately from non-lease components for our operating leases. We measure right-of-use assets based on the corresponding lease liabilities adjusted for (i) prepayments made to the lessor at or before the commencement date, (ii) initial direct costs we incur, and (iii) tenant incentives under the lease. We evaluate the recoverability of our right-of-use assets for possible impairment in accordance with our long-lived assets policy. We do not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less; rather, we recognize the associated lease payments in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Operating leases are reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as operating lease right-of-use assets, short-term operating lease liabilities and long-term operating lease liabilities. We begin recognizing operating lease expense when the lessor makes the underlying asset available to us. We recognize operating lease expense under our operating leases on a straight-line basis. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. Research and Development Research and development expenses include the direct cost of discovering and screening new compounds, pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, manufacturing development, submissions to regulatory agencies and related overhead costs. We expense nonrefundable payments and the cost of technologies and materials used in research and development as we incur them. We base our accruals for discovery research, preclinical studies and clinical trials on our estimates of work completed, milestones achieved, patient enrollment and past experience with similar activities. Our estimates include assessments of information from contract research organizations and the status of our own research, development and administrative activities. Segment Reporting We determine our operating segments based on the way we organize our business, make decisions and assess performance. We have only one operating segment, which is the discovery, development and commercialization of pharmaceutical products. Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation under the fair value method, based on the value of the award at the grant date. To date, our stock-based compensation has consisted entirely of option grants, which we value using the Black-Scholes model. We recognize stock-based compensation expense over the applicable vesting period, net of estimated forfeitures. If actual forfeitures differ from our estimates, we adjust stock-based compensation expense accordingly. We recognize the expense of options granted to non-employees based on their fair value at the time of vesting. Income Taxes We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected tax consequences of our future financial and operating activities. Under ASC 740, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the temporary difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using the tax rates in effect for the year in which we expect such differences to reverse. If we determine that it is more likely than not that we will not generate sufficient taxable income to realize the value of some or all of our deferred tax assets (net of our deferred tax liabilities), we establish a valuation allowance offsetting the amount we do not expect to realize. We perform this analysis each reporting period and reduce our measurement of deferred taxes, if the likelihood we will realize them becomes uncertain. The deferred tax assets we record each period depend primarily on our ability to generate future taxable income in the United States. Each period, we evaluate the need for a valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets and, if necessary, adjust the valuation allowance so that net deferred tax assets are recorded only to the extent we conclude it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized. If our outlook for future taxable income changes significantly, our assessment of the need for, and the amount of, a valuation allowance may also change. We are also required to evaluate and quantify other sources of taxable income, such as the possible reversal of future deferred tax liabilities, should any arise, and the implementation of tax planning strategies. Evaluating and quantifying these amounts is difficult and involves significant judgment, based on all of the available evidence and assumptions about our future activities. We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, which requires us to adjust our consolidated financial statements to reflect only those tax positions that are more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon review by federal or state examiners. We recognize in the consolidated financial statements the largest expected tax benefit that has a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. We report interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expenses. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases”, which requires lease transactions with terms longer than 12 months to be recognized on the balance sheet as a liability (“lease liabilities”), offset by an asset of equal amount (“right-of-use assets”). ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the lease accounting requirements of ASC Topic 840, “Leases” and creates Topic 842, “Leases.” We adopted this standard on January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective approach, which did not cause adjustments to prior comparative periods. We have reviewed all of our contracts that may contain leases and have determined that the only impact is to the accounting for our leased office space. We have applied the practical expedients in Topic 842 that allow us not to reassess lease classification for expired or existing lease contracts. On the date of adoption, we increased our “operating right-of-use assets" and “operating lease liability” by approximately $1.9 million , an amount equal to the present value of our expected payments over the remaining term of the lease. There was no change to our retained earnings. See Note 5 for more information regarding our leased office space and additional operating right-of-use assets capitalized after the date of adoption. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This standard allows companies to reclassify to retained earnings tax effects related to items that have been stranded in “accumulated other comprehensive income” as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). A company that elects to reclassify these amounts must reclassify stranded tax effects related to the Act’s change in US federal tax rate for all items accounted for in “other comprehensive income.” These entities can also elect to reclassify other stranded effects that relate to the Act but do not directly relate to the change in the federal rate. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2019. It had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which expands the scope of ASC 718 to include all share-based payment arrangements related to the acquisition of goods and services from nonemployees. This standard is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted this standard on January 1, 2019. It had no impact on our consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes the methodology for measuring credit losses on financial instruments and when such losses are recorded. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The effect on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures is not expected to be material. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820),” which eliminates or modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements and requires disclosure of new information. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The effect on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures is not expected to be material. In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract,” which requires a customer that is a party to a cloud computing service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40 to determine which implementation costs to recognize as deferred assets. This standard is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. We will adopt this standard on January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of the adoption recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The effect on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures is not expected to be material. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 (ASC Topic 740), “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes”. This standard simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and amending existing guidance to improve consistent application. This standard will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of assessing the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements. |