| Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Basis of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of WWE and all of its domestic and foreign subsidiaries. Included in Corporate are intersegment eliminations recorded in consolidation. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents — Cash and cash equivalents include cash on deposit in overnight deposit accounts, investments in Treasury bills and investments in money market accounts with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase.
Short-term Investments, Net — O ur short-term investments consist of available-for-sale debt securities. Such investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities, corporate and municipal bonds, including pre-refunded municipal bonds, and government agency bonds. These investments are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses on such securities reflected, net of tax, as other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders’ equity. Realized gains and losses on investments are included in earnings and are derived using the specific identification method for determining the cost of securities sold.
Accounts Receivable, Net — Accounts receivable relate principally to amounts due to us from distributors of our WWE Network, pay-per-view providers and television networks for pay-per-view presentations and television programming, respectively, as well as from licensees that produce consumer products containing our intellectual property and/or trademarks. We estimate the collectability of our receivables and establish allowances for the amount of accounts receivable that we estimate to be uncollectible. We base these allowances on our historical collection experience, the length of time our accounts receivable are outstanding and the financial condition of individual customers. An individual balance is charged to the allowance when all collection efforts have been exhausted and it is deemed likely to be uncollectible, taking into consideration the financial condition of the customer and other factors.
Inventory — Inventory consists of merchandise sold on our websites and on distribution platforms, including Amazon, and merchandise sold at live events. Substantially all of our inventory is comprised of finished goods. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The valuation of our inventories requires management to make market estimates assessing the quantities and the prices at which we believe the inventory can be sold.
Property and Equipment, Net — Property and equipment are carried at historical cost net of benefits associated with tax incentives less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets or, when applicable, the life of the lease, whichever is shorter. Vehicles and equipment are depreciated based on estimated useful lives varying from three to five years. Buildings and related improvements are depreciated based on estimated useful lives varying from five to thirty-nine years. Our corporate aircraft is depreciated over ten years on a straight-line basis less an estimated residual value.
Feature Film Production Assets, Net — Feature film production assets are recorded at the cost of production, including production overhead and net of production incentives. The costs for an individual film are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management’s estimates of the ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from exploitation, exhibition or sale. Unamortized feature film production assets are evaluated for impairment each reporting period. We review and revise estimates of ultimate revenue and participation costs at each reporting period to reflect the most current information available. If estimates for a film’s ultimate revenues and/or costs are revised and indicate a significant decline in a film’s profitability or if events or circumstances change that indicate we should assess whether the fair value of a film is less than its unamortized film costs, we calculate the film's estimated fair value using a discounted cash flows model. If fair value is less than the unamortized cost, the film is written down to fair value. Impairment charges are recorded as an increase in amortization expense included in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Our estimate of ultimate revenues for feature films includes revenues from all sources for ten years from the date of a film’s initial release. We estimate the ultimate revenues based on industry and Company specific trends, the historical performance of similar films, the star power of the lead actors, and the genre of the film. Prior to the release of a feature film and throughout its life, we revise our estimates of revenues based on expected future results, actual results and other known factors affecting the various distribution markets.
Television Production Assets, Net — Television production assets consist primarily of non-live event episodic television series we have produced for distribution through a variety of platforms including on our WWE Network. Amounts capitalized include development costs, production costs, production overhead and employee salaries. Costs to produce episodic programming for television or distribution on WWE Network are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management's estimates of the ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from exploitation, exhibition or sale. Costs to produce our live event programming are expensed when the event is first broadcast and are not included in the capitalized costs or in the related amortization.
Unamortized television production assets are evaluated for impairment each reporting period. If conditions indicate a potential impairment, and the estimated future cash flows are not sufficient to recover the unamortized asset, the asset is written down to fair value. In addition, if we determine that a program will not likely air, we expense the remaining unamortized asset.
Valuation of Long-Lived Assets — We periodically evaluate the carrying amount of long-lived assets for impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review.
Investment Securities — Equity investments that are marketable and have a readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded through income and reflected in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For nonmarketable equity securities (those without a readily determinable fair value), the Company elected to apply the practicality exception to apply fair value measurement, under which such securities will be measured at cost, less impairment, plus or minus observable price changes for identical or similar securities of the same issuer with such changes recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
For equity investments where the Company does not control the investee, and where it is not the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity, but can exert significant influence over the financial and operating policies of the investee, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method of accounting, the Company’s share of the investee’s underlying net income or loss is recorded as investment income or loss within Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and is also included, net of cash dividends received, in Equity in earnings of affiliate, net of dividends received, in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Dividend distributions received from the investee reduces the Company’s carrying value of the investee and the cost basis if deemed a return of capital.
Nonmarketable equity securities and equity method investments are also subject to periodic impairment evaluations, and when factors indicate that a significant decrease in value has occurred. Factors considered in making such assessments may include near-term prospects of the investees, subsequent rounds of financing activities of the investees, and the investees’ capital structure as well as other economic variables, which reflect assumptions market participants may use in pricing these assets. If an equity method investment is deemed to have experienced an other-than-temporary decline below its carrying amount, we reduce the carrying amount of the equity method investment to its quoted or estimated fair value, as applicable, and establish a new carrying amount for the investment. For nonmarketable equity securities that are accounted for under the measurement alternative to fair value, the Company applies the impairment model that does not require the Company to consider whether the impairment is other-than-temporary. We record these impairment charges on our equity investments in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Income Taxes — Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in the consolidated financial statements. Amounts are determined based on the differences between the book and tax bases of particular assets and liabilities and operating loss carry forwards, using tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is provided to offset deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In evaluating our ability to recover our deferred tax assets within the jurisdiction from which they arise, we consider all available positive and negative evidence, including scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. If we determine that we would be able to realize our deferred tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, we would make an adjustment to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes, conversely, if we determine we might not be able to realize our deferred tax assets we would record a valuation allowance which would result in a charge to the provision for income taxes.
We use a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by assessing whether they are more likely than not sustainable, based solely on their technical merits, upon examination, and including resolution of any related appeals or litigation process. The second step is to measure the associated tax benefit of each position, as the largest amount that we believe is more likely than not realizable. Differences between the amount of tax benefits taken or expected to be taken in our income tax returns and the amount of tax benefits recognized in our financial statements represent our unrecognized income tax benefits, which we record as a liability. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized income tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Revenue Recognition — The Company adopted new accounting pronouncements in 2018 related to revenue recognition. See the discussion in Recent Accounting Pronouncements below and Note 4, Revenues , for further details.
Under the new revenue recognition rules adopted in 2018, most of our sales revenue continues to be recognized when products are shipped or as services are performed and was not materially impacted by the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard. Revenues are generally recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to our customers either at a point in time or over time, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Most of our contracts have one performance obligation and all consideration is allocated to that performance obligation. Our revenues do not include material estimated amounts of variable consideration. The variable consideration contained in our contracts relate primarily to sales or usage-based royalties earned on consumer product licensing contracts. The variability related to these sales or usage-based royalties will be resolved in the periods when the licensee generates sales related to the intellectual property license. As it relates to our Consumer Products segment, the Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as fulfillment activities.
We derive our revenues principally from the following sources: (i) content rights fees associated with the distribution of WWE’s media content, (ii) subscriptions to WWE Network, (iii) fees for viewing our pay-per-view programming, (iv) feature film distribution, (v) advertising and sponsorship sales, (vi) live event ticket sales, (vii) consumer product licensing royalties from the sale by third-party licensees of WWE branded merchandise, (viii) direct-to-consumer sales of merchandise at our live event venues, and (ix) direct-to-consumer sales of our merchandise through eCommerce platforms. The below describes our revenue recognition policies in further detail for each major revenue source of the Company.
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Content rights fees:
Rights fees received from distributors of our programming, both domestically and internationally, are recorded when the program (functional intellectual property) has been delivered and control has been transferred to the distributor and the license period has begun. Any advance payments received from the distributors are deferred upon collection and recognized into revenue as content is delivered. Our content rights distribution agreements are generally between one and five years in length and frequently provides for contractual increases over its term.
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WWE Network Subscriptions:
Revenues from the sale of subscriptions to WWE Network are recognized ratably over each paid monthly membership period. Deferred revenues consist of subscription fees billed to members that have not been recognized and gift memberships that have not been redeemed.
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Pay-per-view programming:
Revenues from our pay-per-view programming are recorded when the event is aired/performed and are based upon our initial estimate of the number of buys achieved. This initial estimate is based on preliminary buy information received from our pay-per-view distributors. These estimates are updated each reporting period based on the latest information available.
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Advertising and sponsorships:
Through our sponsorship packages, we offer advertisers a full range of our promotional vehicles, including online and print advertising, on-air announcements and special appearances by our Superstars. We allocate the transaction price to all performance obligations contained within a sponsorship and advertising arrangement based upon their relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are determined generally based on a rate card used to determine pricing for individual components. Revenues are recognized as each performance obligation is satisfied, which generally occurs when the sponsorship and advertising is aired, exhibited, performed or played on the applicable WWE platform. We are generally the principal in our advertising and sponsorship arrangements because we control the advertising and sponsorship inventory before it is transferred to our customers. Our control is evidenced by our sole ability to monetize the advertising and sponsorship inventory and being primarily responsible to our customers.
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Live event ticket sales:
Revenues from our live event ticket sales are recognized upon the occurrence of the related live event.
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Consumer product licensing royalties:
Licensing revenues consist principally of royalties or license fees related to various WWE themed products, such as video games, toys and apparel, which are created using WWE brands and marks (symbolic intellectual property). Revenues from our licensed products are recognized in the period of the underlying product sales based on estimates from licensees and adjustments to the estimated amounts are recorded when final statements are received. The estimates are derived from the best available recent information from our licensees of underlying sales performance and represents the most likely amount of revenues expected. Any upfront license fees or minimum guarantees received from the licensee are deferred upon collection and recognized into revenue over the contract term as the amounts are earned.
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Direct-to-consumer venue merchandise sales:
Direct-to-consumer merchandise sales consist of sales of merchandise at our live events. Revenues are recognized at the point of sale, as control is transferred to the customer.
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Direct-to-consumer eCommerce sales:
Direct-to-consumer eCommerce revenues consist of sales of merchandise on our websites, including through our WWEShop Internet storefront and on distribution platforms, including Amazon. Revenues are recognized at a point in time, as control is transferred to the customer upon shipment.
Operating Expenses — Operating expenses consist of our production costs associated with developing our content, costs associated with operating our WWE Network, venue rental and related costs associated with the staging of our live events, compensation costs for our talent, and material and related costs associated with our consumer product merchandise sales. Included within operating expenses is the amortization and impairment of feature film and television production assets. Television production assets consist primarily of non-live event episodic television series we have produced for distribution through a variety of platforms, including on our WWE Network. We amortize feature film production assets based on the estimated future cash flows. Costs to produce episodic programming for television or distribution on WWE Network are amortized in the proportion that revenues bear to management's estimates of the ultimate revenue expected to be recognized from exploitation, exhibition or sale. Unamortized feature film and television production assets are evaluated for impairment each reporting period. Operating expenses also includes the amortization of costs related to content delivery and technology assets utilized for our WWE Network. These costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the expected useful life or the term of the respective service agreement. Program amortization for WWE Network is included in operating expenses as a component of amortization of television production assets. For episodic programming debuting and currently expected to air exclusively on WWE Network, the cost of the programming is expensed upon initial release, as the vast majority of viewership occur s in close proximity to the initial release. In addition, operating expenses include certain business operating support function costs, including our talent development, data analytics, data engineering, business strategy and real estate and facilities functions, as these activities directly support the operations of our segments.
Included within Operating expenses are the following:
Year Ended December 31,
2018
2017
2016
Amortization and impairment of feature film assets
$ 8,822
$ 17,377
$ 6,662
Amortization of television production assets
29,568
21,137
26,933
Amortization of WWE Network content delivery and technology assets
6,696
5,970
4,832
Total amortization and impairment included in operating expenses
$ 45,086
$ 44,484
$ 38,427
Costs to produce our live event programming are expensed when the event is first broadcast, and are not included in the amortization table noted above.
Marketing and Selling Expenses – Marketing and selling expenses consist of costs associated with the promotion and marketing of our services and products. These expenses include advertising and promotional costs, and the costs associated with our sales and marketing functions, creative services functions and our international offices.
General and Administrative Expenses – General and administrative expenses include costs associated with our corporate administrative functions, including finance, investor relations, community relations, corporate communications, information technology, legal, human resources and our Board of Directors. The Company does not allocate these costs to its business segment, as they do not directly relate to revenue generating activities.
Film and Television Production Incentives — The Company has access to various governmental programs that are designed to promote film and television production within the United States and certain international jurisdictions. Tax credits earned with respect to expenditures on qualifying film, television and other production activities, including qualifying capital projects, are included as an offset to the related asset or as an offset to production expenses when we have reasonable assurance regarding the realizable amount of the tax credits.
Advertising Expense — Advertising costs are expensed as incurred, except for costs related to the development of a major commercial or media campaign, which are expensed in the period in which the commercial or campaign is first presented. For the years ended December 31, 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , we recorded advertising expenses of $21,563 , $23,629 and $22,122 , respectively.
Foreign Currency Translation — For the translation of the financial statements of our foreign subsidiaries whose functional currencies are non-U.S. Dollars, assets and liabilities are translated at the year-end exchange rate, and income statement accounts are translated at monthly average exchange rates for the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of stockholders’ equity and also in comprehensive income. Foreign currency transactions are recorded at the exchange rate prevailing at the transaction date, with any gains/losses recorded in other income/expense.
Stock-Based Compensation — Equity awards are granted to directors, officers and employees of the Company. Stock-based compensation costs associated with our restricted stock units ("RSUs") are determined using the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of the grant. These costs are recognized over the requisite service period using the graded vesting method, net of estimated forfeitures. RSUs have a service requirement typically over a three and one-half year vesting schedule and vest in equal annual installments. Unvested RSUs accrue dividend equivalents at the same rate as are paid on our shares of Class A common stock. The dividend equivalents are subject to the same vesting schedule as the underlying RSUs.
Stock-based compensation costs associated with our performance stock units ("PSUs") are initially determined using the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date the awards are approved by our Compensation Committee (service inception date). The vesting of these PSUs are subject to certain performance conditions and a service requirement of typically three and one half years. Until such time as the performance conditions are met, stock compensation costs associated with these PSUs are re-measured each reporting period based upon the fair market value of the Company's common stock and the estimated performance attainment on the reporting date. The ultimate number of PSUs that are issued to an employee is the result of the actual performance of the Company at the end of the performance period compared to the performance conditions. Stock compensation costs for our PSUs are recognized over the requisite service period using the graded vesting method, net of estimated forfeitures. Unvested PSUs accrue dividend equivalents once the performance conditions are met at the same rate as are paid on our shares of Class A common stock. The dividend equivalents are subject to the same vesting schedule as the underlying PSUs.
In 2018, the Compensation Committee approved certain agreements to grant PSUs with a market condition (“PSU-TSRs”), where vesting is conditioned upon the total shareholder return performance of WWE stock relative to the total shareholder return performance of a peer group over specified performance periods. The fair value of these market-based awards are estimated on the date of grant using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The Compensation costs associated with these types of awards are recognized over the requisite service period using the graded vesting method.
We estimate forfeitures, based on historical trends when recognizing compensation expense and adjust the estimate of forfeitures when they are expected to differ or as forfeitures occur.
Beginning in 2017, we adopted new accounting rules related to simplifying the accounting for our share-based compensation awards. The new rules require entities to record all excess tax benefits or deficiencies as income tax benefit or expense in the income statement, rather than as a component of additional paid-in capital, and requires entities to classify excess tax benefits as an operating activity in the statement of cash flows. These changes were adopted by the Company on a prospective basis starting in 2017 as allowed under the transition rules of the new guidance. Prior to the rule change, for fiscal year 2016, $893 of excess tax benefits remain classified in financing activities. The new rules also require that the amounts paid to satisfy the statutory income tax withholding obligation upon the vesting of a share-based payment award, which prior to adoption was classified in operating activities on the cash flow statement, are now classified as a financing activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company adopted this change retrospectively as allowed under the transition rules of the new guidance. As a result of the retrospective adoption of this change, cash outflows of $5,544 were reclassified in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows from “Changes in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” to “Taxes paid related to net settlement upon vesting of equity awards” for 2016.
Earnings Per Share (EPS) — Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period, plus dilutive potential common shares which is calculated using the treasury-stock method. Under the treasury-stock method, potential common shares are excluded from the computation of EPS in periods in which they have an anti-dilutive effect.
Net income per share of Class A and Class B common stock is computed in accordance with a two-class method of earnings allocation. As such, any undistributed earnings for each period are allocated to each class of common stock based on the proportionate share of cash dividends that each class is entitled to receive. D uring 2018 , 2017 and 2016 , the dividends declared and paid per share of Class A and Class B common stock were the same.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2018-18, “ Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808) – Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606 .” The amendments in this ASU clarifies that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers , when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account and precludes recognizing as revenue consideration received from a collaborative arrangement participant if the participant is not a customer. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied retrospectively to the date of initial application of the new revenue guidance in Topic 606 (January 1, 2018 for the Company). The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact, if any, of this new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “ Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract .” The new guidance aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software (and hosting arrangements that include an internal-use software license). The accounting for the service element of a hosting arrangement that is a service contract is not affected by the amendments in this update. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company expects to adopt the new guidance prospectively and does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, “ Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ”, which modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods starting in fiscal year 2020 for the Company. Upon the effective date, certain provisions are to be applied prospectively, while others are to be applied retrospectively to all periods presented. An entity is permitted to early adopt any removed or modified disclosures upon issuance of this ASU and delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of the amendments on our consolidated financial statement disclosures. Since the amendments impact only disclosure requirements, we do not expect the amendments to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, “ Disclosure Update and Simplification ,” amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders’ equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders’ equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule became effective on November 5, 2018 and the Company anticipates its first presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity will be included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of the final rule, but do not anticipate a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, “ Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Accounting .” The new guidance expands the scope of Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (which currently only includes share-based payments to employees and non-employee directors) to include share-based payments issued to nonemployees for goods or services. Consequently, the accounting for share-based payments to nonemployees and employees will be substantially aligned. The new guidance supersedes Subtopic 505 |
