3. Loans | Major classifications of loans at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are summarized as follows: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 63,973 65,791 Single-family residential 223,104 220,690 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 42,951 43,733 Commercial 228,166 228,526 Multifamily and farmland 18,122 18,080 Total real estate loans 576,316 576,820 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 91,784 91,010 Farm loans 2 3 Consumer loans 9,705 10,027 All other loans 15,226 11,231 Total loans 693,033 689,091 Less allowance for loan losses 9,116 9,589 Total net loans $ 683,917 679,502 The Bank grants loans and extensions of credit primarily within the Catawba Valley region of North Carolina, which encompasses Catawba, Alexander, Iredell and Lincoln counties, and also in Mecklenburg, Union, Wake, Durham and Forsyth counties of North Carolina. Although the Bank has a diversified loan portfolio, a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is collateralized by improved and unimproved real estate, the value of which is dependent upon the real estate market. Risk characteristics of the major components of the Bank's loan portfolio are discussed below: • Construction and land development loans – The risk of loss is largely dependent on the initial estimate of whether the property's value at completion equals or exceeds the cost of property construction and the availability of take-out financing. During the construction phase, a number of factors can result in delays or cost overruns. If the estimate is inaccurate or if actual construction costs exceed estimates, the value of the property securing the loan may be insufficient to ensure full repayment when completed through a permanent loan, sale of the property, or by seizure of collateral. As of March 31, 2016, construction and land development loans comprised approximately 9% of the Bank's total loan portfolio. • Single-family residential loans – Declining home sales volumes, decreased real estate values and higher than normal levels of unemployment could contribute to losses on these loans. As of March 31, 2016, single-family residential loans comprised approximately 38% of the Bank's total loan portfolio, and include Banco's single-family residential stated income loans, which were approximately 6% of the Bank's total loan portfolio. • Commercial real estate loans – Repayment is dependent on income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service. These loans also involve greater risk because they are generally not fully amortizing over a loan period, but rather have a balloon payment due at maturity. A borrower's ability to make a balloon payment typically will depend on being able to either refinance the loan or timely sell the underlying property. As of March 31, 2016, commercial real estate loans comprised approximately 33% of the Bank's total loan portfolio. • Commercial loans – Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower's business. In addition, the collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, be difficult to appraise, be illiquid or fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. As of March 31, 2016, commercial loans comprised approximately 13% of the Bank's total loan portfolio. Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. Loans are placed on non-accrual status when, in management's opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payment obligations as they become due, as well as when required by regulatory provisions. Loans may be placed on non-accrual status regardless of whether or not such loans are considered past due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received in excess of principal due. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. The following tables present an age analysis of past due loans, by loan type, as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: March 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 76 17 93 63,880 63,973 - Single-family residential 2,964 1,101 4,065 219,039 223,104 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 6,416 315 6,731 36,220 42,951 127 Commercial 860 1,824 2,684 225,482 228,166 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 18,122 18,122 - Total real estate loans 10,316 3,257 13,573 562,743 576,316 127 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 74 23 97 91,687 91,784 - Farm loans - - - 2 2 - Consumer loans 83 7 90 9,615 9,705 - All other loans 16 - 16 15,210 15,226 - Total loans $ 10,489 3,287 13,776 679,257 693,033 127 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Loans 30-89 Days Past Due Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Total Past Due Loans Total Current Loans Total Loans Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 330 17 347 65,444 65,791 - Single-family residential 2,822 1,385 4,207 216,483 220,690 - Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 7,021 114 7,135 36,598 43,733 - Commercial 2,619 157 2,776 225,750 228,526 - Multifamily and farmland - - - 18,080 18,080 - Total real estate loans 12,792 1,673 14,465 562,355 576,820 - Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 185 40 225 90,785 91,010 17 Farm loans - - - 3 3 - Consumer loans 136 8 144 9,883 10,027 - All other loans - - - 11,231 11,231 - Total loans $ 13,113 1,721 14,834 674,257 689,091 17 The following table presents non-accrual loans as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: (Dollars in thousands) March 31, 2016 December 31, 2015 Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 149 146 Single-family residential 3,540 4,023 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 1,007 1,106 Commercial 3,431 2,992 Multifamily and farmland - - Total real estate loans 8,127 8,267 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 102 113 Consumer loans 39 52 Total $ 8,268 8,432 At each reporting period, the Bank determines which loans are impaired. Accordingly, the Bank's impaired loans are reported at their estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis. An allowance for each impaired loan that is collateral-dependent is calculated based on the fair value of its collateral. The fair value of the collateral is based on appraisals performed by REAS, a subsidiary of the Bank. REAS is staffed by certified appraisers that also perform appraisals for other companies. Factors, including the assumptions and techniques utilized by the appraiser, are considered by management. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value of the collateral, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. An allowance for each impaired loan that is not collateral dependent is calculated based on the present value of projected cash flows. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the present value of projected cash flows, a valuation allowance is recorded as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans under $250,000 are not individually evaluated for impairment with the exception of the Bank's troubled debt restructured ("TDR") loans in the residential mortgage loan portfolio, which are individually evaluated for impairment. Accruing impaired loans were $24.8 million, $25.0 million and $25.9 million at March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015 and March 31, 2015, respectively. Interest income recognized on accruing impaired loans was $314,000, $335,000 and $1.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2016, the three months ended March 31, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2015, respectively. No interest income is recognized on non-accrual impaired loans subsequent to their classification as non-accrual. The following tables present impaired loans as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: March 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 497 - 433 433 22 459 Single-family residential 8,097 1,479 6,206 7,685 179 11,287 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 19,621 - 19,061 19,061 1,304 17,951 Commercial 5,984 4,720 604 5,324 4 6,739 Multifamily and farmland 78 - 78 78 - 80 Total impaired real estate loans 34,277 6,199 26,382 32,581 1,509 36,516 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 179 - 148 148 2 129 Consumer loans 245 - 238 238 4 245 Total impaired loans $ 34,701 6,199 26,768 32,967 1,515 36,890 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance Recorded Investment With No Allowance Recorded Investment With Allowance Recorded Investment in Impaired Loans Related Allowance Average Outstanding Impaired Loans Real estate loans: Construction and land development $ 643 216 226 442 12 705 Single-family residential 8,828 1,489 6,805 8,294 189 10,852 Single-family residential - Banco de la Gente stated income 20,375 - 19,215 19,215 1,143 18,414 Commercial 4,556 - 4,893 4,893 179 5,497 Multifamily and farmland 96 - 83 83 - 93 Total impaired real estate loans 34,498 1,705 31,222 32,927 1,523 35,561 Loans not secured by real estate: Commercial loans 180 - 161 161 3 132 Consumer loans 286 - 260 260 4 283 Total impaired loans $ 34,964 1,705 31,643 33,348 1,530 35,976 Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows: (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2016 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,185 2,534 1,460 1,917 - 842 - 172 479 9,589 Charge-offs - (59 ) - (106 ) - (29 ) - (128 ) - (322 ) Recoveries 3 8 - 5 - 6 - 43 - 65 Provision (344 ) (8 ) (37 ) (28 ) - (9 ) - 103 107 (216 ) Ending balance $ 1,844 2,475 1,423 1,788 - 810 - 190 586 9,116 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2016: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 95 1,107 170 - - - - - 1,372 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 1,844 2,380 316 1,618 - 810 - 190 586 7,744 Ending balance $ 1,844 2,475 1,423 1,788 - 810 - 190 586 9,116 Loans March 31, 2016: Ending balance $ 63,973 223,104 42,951 228,166 18,122 91,784 2 24,931 - 693,033 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 2,612 17,711 4,890 - - - - - 25,213 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 63,973 220,492 25,240 223,276 18,122 91,784 2 24,931 - 667,820 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer and All Other Unallocated Total Three months ended March 31, 2015 Allowance for loan losses: Beginning balance $ 2,785 2,566 1,610 1,902 7 1,098 - 233 881 11,082 Charge-offs (88 ) (291 ) (42 ) (2 ) - - - (107 ) - (530 ) Recoveries 5 6 22 5 - 36 - 44 - 118 Provision 56 318 (4 ) (119 ) (1 ) 47 - 38 (162 ) 173 Ending balance $ 2,758 2,599 1,586 1,786 6 1,181 - 208 719 10,843 Allowance for loan losses March 31, 2015: Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ - 82 1,145 245 - - - - - 1,472 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment 2,758 2,517 441 1,541 6 1,181 - 208 719 9,371 Ending balance $ 2,758 2,599 1,586 1,786 6 1,181 - 208 719 10,843 Loans March 31, 2015: Ending balance $ 57,247 207,113 46,272 227,471 12,331 87,055 5 22,983 - 660,477 Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment $ 266 3,448 18,655 3,633 - - - - - 26,002 Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment $ 56,981 203,665 27,617 223,838 12,331 87,055 5 22,983 - 634,475 The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was a credit of $216,000, as compared to an expense of $173,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease in the provision for loan losses is primarily attributable to a reduction in the required level of the allowance for loan losses resulting from lower historical loss rates used to calculate the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 450-20 reserve as the elevated level of loan losses incurred in 2011 and 2012 are no longer included in the historical loss calculations. The Company utilizes an internal risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 8. These risk grades are evaluated on an ongoing basis. A description of the general characteristics of the eight risk grades is as follows: • Risk Grade 1 – Excellent Quality: Loans are well above average quality and a minimal amount of credit risk exists. CD or cash secured loans or properly margined actively traded stock or bond secured loans would fall in this grade. • Risk Grade 2 – High Quality: Loans are of good quality with risk levels well within the Company's range of acceptability. The organization or individual is established with a history of successful performance though somewhat susceptible to economic changes. • Risk Grade 3 – Good Quality: Loans of average quality with risk levels within the Company's range of acceptability but higher than normal. This may be a new organization or an existing organization in a transitional phase (e.g. expansion, acquisition, market change). • Risk Grade 4 – Management Attention: These loans have higher risk and servicing needs but still are acceptable. Evidence of marginal performance or deteriorating trends is observed. These are not problem credits presently, but may be in the future if the borrower is unable to change its present course. • Risk Grade 5 – Watch: These loans are currently performing satisfactorily, but there has been some recent past due history on repayment and there are potential weaknesses that may, if not corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company's position at some future date. • Risk Grade 6 – Substandard: A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the collateral pledged (if there is any). There is a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. There is a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. • Risk Grade 7 – Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard, plus the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values highly questionable and improbable. Doubtful is a temporary grade where a loss is expected but is presently not quantified with any degree of accuracy. Once the loss position is determined, the amount is charged off. • Risk Grade 8 – Loss: Loans classified as Loss are considered uncollectable and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this worthless loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Loss is a temporary grade until the appropriate authority is obtained to charge the loan off. The following tables present the credit risk profile of each loan type based on internally assigned risk grades as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015: March 31, 2016 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ - 11,461 - - - 655 - 1,128 50 13,294 2- High Quality 9,033 88,332 - 39,327 2,971 28,890 - 3,431 2,836 174,820 3- Good Quality 35,088 85,158 18,719 151,666 11,232 56,311 2 4,495 10,546 373,217 4- Management Attention 12,766 28,689 16,057 28,887 1,251 5,506 - 564 1,794 95,514 5- Watch 6,792 3,520 2,849 3,506 2,668 254 - 32 - 19,621 6- Substandard 294 5,944 5,326 4,780 - 168 - 54 - 16,566 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - 1 - 1 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 63,973 223,104 42,951 228,166 18,122 91,784 2 9,705 15,226 693,033 December 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Real Estate Loans Construction and Land Development Single- Family Residential Single- Family Residential - Banco de la Gente Stated Income Commercial Multifamily and Farmland Commercial Farm Consumer All Other Total 1- Excellent Quality $ - 15,189 - - - 700 - 1,091 - 16,980 2- High Quality 10,144 86,061 - 38,647 2,998 24,955 - 3,647 1,665 168,117 3- Good Quality 35,535 78,843 19,223 148,805 12,058 58,936 3 4,571 7,828 365,802 4- Management Attention 12,544 30,259 15,029 31,824 335 5,905 - 620 1,738 98,254 5- Watch 7,265 4,322 3,308 4,561 2,689 332 - 43 - 22,520 6- Substandard 303 6,016 6,173 4,689 - 182 - 55 - 17,418 7- Doubtful - - - - - - - - - - 8- Loss - - - - - - - - - - Total $ 65,791 220,690 43,733 228,526 18,080 91,010 3 10,027 11,231 689,091 TDR loans modified in 2016, past due TDR loans and non-accrual TDR loans totaled $7.8 million and $8.8 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The terms of these loans have been renegotiated to provide a concession to original terms, including a reduction in principal or interest as a result of the deteriorating financial position of the borrower. There were no performing loans classified as TDR loans at March 31, 2016. There were $354,000 performing loans classified as TDR loans at December 31, 2015. There were no TDR modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The following table presents an analysis of loan modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2015: Three months ended March 31, 2015 (Dollars in thousands) Number of Contracts Pre-Modification Recorded Investment Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment Real estate loans Single-family residential 1 $ 146 146 Total real estate TDR loans 1 146 146 Total TDR loans 1 $ 146 146 During the three months ended March 31, 2015, one loan was modified that was considered to be a new TDR loan. The interest rate was modified on this TDR loan. There were no loans modified as TDR that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, which were within twelve months of their modification date. Generally, a TDR loan is considered to be in default once it becomes 90 days or more past due following a modification. |